skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yeah, I'm very familiar. The 'up to isomorphism' applies to dedekind cuts et al.

I'm pointing out that the nature of R is independent of its definition, and that any mathematical formal system you invent to construct R (up to isomorphism) is just a description. R exists independently on its own.

The constructions of R are useful, because you can show things about them that could be applicable to R.

However, the article gives a rhetorical question of whether you should be able to say 0 is in 3. No you should not, because while there are many constructions of the natural numbers, the universal property they all share (that there is a zero and a successor) does not permit any notion of inclusion. The construction of the naturals as sets would permit such notions, but these are not relevant to any discussion of the natural numbers.

Put in homotopy type theory terms, the natural numbers are the equivalence class of all representations of the natural numbers, and all propositions over the natural numbers are the equivalence classes of all propositions over all representations of the natural numbers.

Since one cannot draw an equivalence between '0 \in 3' and any proposition from another construction of the natural numbers (I believe), then the term '0 \in 3' is not a proposition over the natural numbers.

Put another way, I posit that there are constructions isomorphic to the natural numbers whose propositions cannot be mapped onto the space of all propositions over the construction of the natural numbers as sets. Whereas, all constructions of the natural numbers will permit a proof of the associativity of addition, or the infinity of primes. So these proofs are what should be accepted as 'proofs' over the natural numbers, but '0 \in 3' would not, because it's missing in many systems. '0 \in 3' could be used in the set representation to be the definition of less than, but it is not a statement that applies to all representations.

Is that clearer?
They're all over Aliexpress (prices before VAT, annoyingly) and often posted to hotukdeals when there's a sale. The Ryzen based miniPCs are also pretty good. Here's an example.

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005005234838380.html
Also in Haskell:

1. Start by doing everything in ReaderT Env IO

2. Learn all about mtl (or monad transformers, free monads, freer monads, algebraic effects, whatever)

3. Do everything in ReaderT Env IO
Show HN: AI Agent that can execute SQL queries, document them and plot graphs
I used langchain and composio to build this agent. Very impressed with its capabillities. Would be great to get feedback on how i can add more features to it or anything in general about agents.
May include Ukraine, Soudan, Syria etc.
The article doesn’t say that there was no damage, the article quotes the vandals as claiming that their vandalism would “wash off in the rain.”

Personally I don’t understand the political value they see in this type of disruption. The acts are theatrical but don’t seem connected to the protestors’ political desires: they grab attention but they don’t do anything with it. It feels like these performative disruptions deepen the impression that the climate movement is unserious, self-absorbed and antagonistic—I’m sure they calculate that it that contributes to their cause, I just don’t understand how.
I think my grocery prices are in line with everyone else in British Columbia
I think it's more like the San Francisco gold rush. The gold prospectors didn't make a lot of money. The people who made bank were the ones selling goods and services to the prospectors. Selling the shovels is more profitable, and has the bonus of not being dependent on whether or not your customers actually find gold.
You should trust it as much as you'd trust another human.

The quality of the LLM matters. The better LLMs don't hallucinate as much as the rest. ChatGPT-4 appears to be trained to consult the web when it receives questions for which it's likely to hallucinate, such as questions about hard figures.
> So the next question becomes "where should we (the humans who want our right to privacy respected) go to talk and search for things, that isn't a den of bots"?

There will be no place. Even private platforms will (do) have all speech reviewed automatically and changed or deleted to conform with the platform's editorial policies, which will be informed by government and billionaire threats. Our only place to speak freely will be with our family and friends in person, and they will be encouraged to inform on you.

We will not be able to learn about the world, and if we know something about the world, we will be considered a danger and forced into silence or arrested. All mainstream media outlets and communications platforms support this. Many of your neighbors support this.

In a decade or two, you won't be able to tell AI sludge apart from real people writing, and it won't be because the AI sludge got better.
What’s a “bot” in the context of the essay? I suspect a large amount of that “half” could be useless telemetry (data collected but never used), billing (friction on human activity) and the like.
Yes, quilt size is defined by the length, not by the area.

Note that an additional constraint is that the side lengths cannot have a common factor, so the 4x4 square can't be broken into 4 2x2 squares.
What an outrageous (and yet, predictable) response by the first systemd developer trying to WONTFIX it (not even to the extent of adding a note in the man page): https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/33349#issuecomment...

> So an option that is literally documented as saying "all files and directories created by a tmpfiles.d/ entry will be deleted", that you knew nothing about, sounded like a "good idea"? Did you even go and look what tmpfiles.d entries you had beforehand?
>
> Maybe don't just run random commands that you know nothing about, while ignoring what the documentation tells you? Just a thought eh

Even Poettering isn't down with that.
Right. And my point is that it would still be wrong to rob that person.
I find it strange that bots are considered distinct from humans. Bots don't spring from the ether, they're made by humans - even the AI-powered bots.

It might be better framed as "half the Internet's traffic comes from a subset of power users who automated their interactions with the web." Maybe we need less "agentic design" and more APIs.
It's not like he went in out of pure malice or anything though, they were trying to hack him first. Not saying it's some morally pristine thing, but it definitely communicated what it was trying to communicate.

As an analogy, we should have empathy for homeless people stuck in poverty, but if one of them continually bikes to your house and tries to break in, is it morally dubious to eventually take their bike chain rather than just shooing them away each attempt? I imagine the moral razor would fall on similar lines.
The EU is terrible because ideas are discussed and put to a vote? That's one way to view things I guess
We say that it happened in the past, using our wall clock ideas. But you can't rush there and look back to "see dinosaurs", so it's at least as correct to say that it happens in real time. This is an event, registering now in our reference frame. Nothing else provided.
I have to point out that the new M series macbook and Apple watch are immensely popular (and just to name two of them), to the point they change the established market -- Windows market share dropped below 90% despite being at around 95% for many years, and people who never wore a watch are wearing an Apple watch every day.
> 3. And then write programs with vectors and maps.

But the maps this time are absl::flat_hash_map (or another C++ alternative hash map such as Folly F14, etc) instead of std::map (or even std::unordered_map).
Well, it's the best design that was implemented inside SerenityOS when I contributed this, as mentioned inside the PR. The event loop still used select() at the time, although it was migrated to poll() a couple of months ago [1].

Polling mechanisms that keep track of sets of file descriptors in-kernel are especially useful when there's a large number of them to watch, because with poll() the kernel has to keep copying the sets from userspace at each invocation. Given that SerenityOS is focused on being a Unix-like workstation operating system rather than being a high-performance server operating system, there is usually not a lot of file descriptors to poll at once in that context. It's possible that poll() will adequately serve their needs for a long time.

That PR was an exercise of reducing unnecessary code bloat in the kernel. It wasn't a performance optimization.

[1] https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity/commit/6836091a215229...
It's necessarily an interactive process. They will want an NDA (you generally can't get the fab "library" or even process information without this!). They'll want to do sales work on you. There's enough bits where they will want to check your work and understanding because it reflects badly on _them_ if the result doesn't work in a way which could be deemed their fault. A lot of this stuff already exists for PCB manufacturers and has very gradually been automated into a SaaS, but chip shuttle is a much smaller market than PCBs and will remain that way.

An example list of steps: https://www.usjpc.com/en/ourbusiness/shuttle.php
Michigan's housing prices vary pretty dramatically and we don't have a terribly low cost of living in parts -- especially real-estate. It's no SFBay, but it's rapidly getting worse.

You mentioned the 300,000 on 5 acres, and that's definitely possible, but you're not getting that in the desirable parts of Macomb or Oakland County[0], nor anywhere in Wayne outside of Detroit/Detroit-ish areas.

I watched a house on a busy city road (one where "pulling out of the driveway means an immediate traffic backup to the light" between 7-9 and 4-6 every day) which was 2,200 sq ft, 4 BR 2.0 BA, though it was new construction (relatively modern/upgraded interior) go for $550,000 in 2022 after multiple bids. The home I own (1800/3BR/1.5BA) which I purchased for $175,000 in 2001 and would have lost money had I sold it between 2007~2018, is worth about $330,000. This is partly due to the value increasing due to local changes and "what's happening everywhere in the country" housing prices-wise. I know folks who moved to Plymouth to a home with similar specs but paid a quarter million in 2017.

Cool. And because I didn't re-finance, I don't have a mortgage any longer. Except I want to upgrade. And had I done that in 2008, I could have afforded it. Now that upgrade is twice as much but my salary has not followed suit. My desire to upgrade went to near zero, already, once I paid it off. But now I couldn't even afford to if I wanted to. I figure I'll downgrade and move near the kids when they're older and take home some cash in the process.

One thing I love about where I live in Michigan, though ... it's rare that a house doesn't have a basement. Even in places you wouldn't expect -- our next-door neighbor on Lake Huron had a full basement with 12ft ceilings (and a hell of a system to keep it bone dry). And newer homes tend to have excellent ones you can make useful -- if not always up-to-code -- living/lab spaces out of. SFBay hacks in their garage. We hack in our basements.

[0] When people say they "Live in Detroit" that's probably where they live. Just like the Detroit Zoo.
Another similar "hidden but intuitive" property is higher order geometric curvature continuity. For example squircles/superellipses have more smoothly changing curve than naive rounded rectangle, or industrial design using Gn continuity/class A surfaces:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_A_surface

https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2018/02/13/squircle-curvature...

I do see quite clear parallels between higher order time derivates and these higher order curvature measures, although I don't know if there is any formal relation here
> Not what I claimed, straw man, and not generally true. Amnesia prevents some memory but not all learning. What is true, but irrelevant here, is that amnesia is a cognitive impairment.

The point is, if you blocked a human's ability to form permanent memory, this would not diminish its ability to function in the short term. GPT is incapable of forming long-term memories, but I don't think this says anything about the class of things it's capable of except in that it limits their extent in "time"/context space.

> Reverse psychology is not characterized by outright failure to understand a basic straightforward question.

You're treating the situation as if you are talking to a person; I think this is fundamentally a misunderstanding of what the context window is (admittedly, a very common one). You aren't talking to somebody, you're injecting sentences directly into the thing's awareness and reading back its reactions. In such a setup, even humans would often not respect negative conditionals- they literally wouldn't be capable of it. Thus again, the LLM's failure doesn't disprove anything.

> Nothing you’ve said so far demonstrates GPT has agency or initiative, that it will act without a human.

If you put a human in a harness where time only moves when another human tells it to do something, that human would also be unable to act without instruction. The fundamental setup of GPT makes it impossible for it to "act without a human" - it's not an issue of its cognitive architecture but of its runtime. Tell a GPT to "do something you enjoy" and I bet you get an answer back.
Technically what Mathematica calls "lists" are one-dimensional arrays (aka vectors in Lisp), but not Lisp-like singly-linked lists.

This is an example of an M-Expression in the original definition of Lisp:

[eq[third[(A B C (D . E))];C]→cons[D;cdr[((A 1 2 3) B C)]; T→car[x]]

which is roughly equivalent to the Lisp S-Expression

(COND ((EQ (THIRD (QUOTE (A B C (D . E)))) (QUOTE C))
(CONS (QUOTE D) (CDR (QUOTE ((A 1 2 3) B C)))))
(T (CAR X)))

Which evaluates to

(D B C)
> I later learned that a term exists for this phenomenon—the March of Dimes syndrome—

I'm having trouble determining where this term was actually coined. In my search so far, it seems to certainly be popularized entirely by this author quite recently. I'd like a counterexample if anyone has one, because this smells.
KitchenLab Maestro: The All-in-One Kitchen Appliance for Modern Kitchens
Hello HN community,

I'm excited to share the first in a series of videos for a project I've been working on called the Maestro. Frustrated with the clutter of single-purpose kitchen appliances, I designed and developed this multifunctional device to serve as a blender, food processor, and stand mixer, all in one.

The KitchenLab Maestro is powered by a high-torque universal motor coupled to a three-speed concentric output planetary gearbox. This unique geartrain allows for versatile functionality, providing the power and speed needed for various kitchen tasks. The entire design, including the mechanical geartrain, housing, and attachments, was created using 3D printing, with some off-the-shelf components for the electronic controls.

Here's a breakdown of what makes KitchenLab Maestro special:

Multifunctional: Combines the capabilities of a blender, food processor, and stand mixer.
Innovative Gearbox: Features a planetary first-stage Wolfram arrangement gearbox for efficient power distribution.
3D Printed Design: Entirely designed and printed at home, showcasing the potential of DIY manufacturing.
Customizable: The design allows for future attachments and upgrades, making it adaptable for various kitchen applications.
I've started marketing this idea and the prototypes to gauge interest and get feedback. You can check out the detailed design and process in the linked video.

I'm eager to hear your thoughts, feedback, and any questions you might have about the KitchenLab Maestro. Thank you for your time and interest!
There's a road near me that's been replaced by a large 4 lane state route. There's almost no reason to drive it as there are no houses or farm access. The bridge is being completely replaced. The road is closed during construction, and I think the only people impacted by it are the recreational bikers. A boondoggle while other bridges around the country are in dangerous disrepair. I wish we knew there was a sensible prioritization that was published for review by we the taxpayers.
Most vegans are not militant and hateful as you describe, they are just the most visible ones. Most vegans live regular lives and are friendly to omnivores, and you'd only know they were vegan if you spent some time with them and encountered situations where food decisions were being made.
You're right; my parent post was off-topic, just the things my local farmers say they worry about.

I think the temptation of America's artisanal manufacturing and farming is to revive a strong relationship between hard work and value. Maybe you remember beginning in software to help people, but look back at too many sacrifices inflicted on nature and humanity just to game the extractive component of ROI. So, I agree with your philosophy, but I want to say that farmers themselves obsess about ROI. I'm sure you understand their long-term success relies on interfacing with competitive markets right up to physical delivery. I wouldn't call that an American mentality because it affects farmers around the world.
If that were true then why not just index the tweets?
Client-Side-Scanning: Chat Control Is Pure Surveillance State
I used to walk across this bridge every day. You could feel whole bridge shake when heavy vehicles would drive over it (Lived in Reagent Square 2017 - 2019). I remember one morning I was trapped on the bridge for an hour in traffic on my drive to school because the city of Pittsburgh could not afford to keep the roads plowed.

Very thankful that nobody was hurt when it collapsed, and as other people have pointed out it is representative of all of the infrastructure that many cities have but can no longer afford to maintain or replace.
Like you aren’t secretly thinking you’re an expert in this in your mind.

If you were genuinely confident of your knowledge, you wouldn't feel the need to repeatedly respond in a purely ad hominem manner such as this.
what do you do for injury prevention?
The manual door release couldn't be further from "secret". It's so obvious that almost every first-time passenger thinks it's how you're always supposed to open the door.
What this leads to is the joke of guidelines like in Victoria, Canada, where the city basically is trying to mandate that buildings look "interesting", where interesting is defined as "the developer built it out of Jenga blocks that didn't quite line up right" and "used as many different colors as you would get fonts in a school newsletter".
> We will ensure that the future of crypto […] will be made in America, otherwise other countries are going to have it.

Multiply convicted felon and Epstein list entry doesn’t understand what “distributed ledger” means.
Very similar situation in medicine. Diagnostics seems to have improved but not the cures, or prevention. To add to the confusion often early diagnostics + treatment is presumed to be prevention. All in all, it appears to me that there is grand delusion of progress while somewhat regressing.
I agree the linearisation trick can be used and is often used in physics, but we must do that as a consequence of the thing I'm confused about the origin of, which is not why do we only greatly distinguish between the first few derivatives of position, but why do we only greatly distinguish between the first few derivatives of most functions? I.e. why do we have to do these tricks in the first place?
> Is a calculator cheating?

Yes if the point of the exercise is to improve your mental arithmetic skills. It's a bit arbitrary but it's not complicated. This is the same way that steroids is cheating - the competition is defined such that PED are considered cheating, so using them is cheating.
The two slit experiment, fundamentally requires more than one particle, as the slits themselves are made of matter. While one photon travels through the experiment at a time, there are many particles interacting and influencing the fields that the photon travels through.

In the information theory of Physics there are thought experiments about deep space, where one particle may be essentially all alone, in such cases the particle's decoherence becomes quite dramatic.
how do you drive a car for 3 years and not know there was a latch to open the door in case the power goes out?
Sorry but this is not the case everywhere. Some countries subsidise their farmers because they correctly determine that this type of industrial farming you describe is terrible for the environment.
> Even private platforms will (do) have all speech reviewed automatically and changed or deleted to conform with the platform's editorial policies, which will be informed by government and billionaire threats.

I tend to agree in the extreme...but do not overlook the power of spectacle. Trump is a half decent example of the power one can generate and harness to some degree.
So, if I am hearing you correctly, someone starting this up would have all the customers they could ever want simply by being easy to use, well documented, and no sales bullshit?
In iceoryx2, we use something that we call event concept, which can either use unix-domain sockets so that you have something to select/wake/epoll on or a variant where we use a semaphore stored in shared memory. See: https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx2/tree/main/iceory...

The unix-domain socket has the advantage that you can combine it with external non-iceoryx events, but you pay with a small performance hit. The semaphore event is usually faster.
As a user, you can configure your IPC service architecture and use the mechanism that suits you best (but I have to admit that we have not yet documented this in detail). For the zero_copy service variants, it is done here: https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx2/blob/main/iceory....
Oh wow, I was just transplanting some TC702 amplifiers to save the doubler in an old 50GHz HP signal generator... would that have been designed by these guys back when they were part of HP?

https://www.keysight.com/us/en/assets/7018-04165/application...

EDIT: that's registration-walled, but this HP Journal article isn't. https://archive.org/details/Hewlett-Packard_Journal_Vol._42_... The amplifiers in question are blue-colored in the background, and the doubler that uses them is the spiritual successor to the rear-most golden module.

EDIT2: yep, the timeline lines up. The HP journals with these amplifiers were early 90s, and "This division became part of Agilent Technologies when HP spun off its test and measurement business in 1999. Later, in 2005, Agilent spun off its semiconductor products group, which became Avago Technologies. "
> Is a calculator cheating?

Yes, if you are supposed to be learning arithmetic facts.

> Was using encyclopedias cheating?

Yes, if you are supposed to be learning how to find, evaluate, and cite original sources.

> What about wikipedia?

Often not accepted as a source in school classwork.

> What about Wolfram Alpha?

Same, all these things are great assistants for quickly performing tasks you know how to do, but they are a hinderance to learning if you don't know. And if you are using them blindly you won't know when they are wrong.

Do you think a student learns anything by copy/pasting a school report from Wikipedia? If you were starting out today, you would become a highly skilled engineer if you relied on CoPilot? Or did you become a highly skilled engineer by devoting a lot of time, thought, research, and experimenting to your craft?
Regarding your analogy: I think it would be more like taking the bikes of every homeless person as opposed to just the one. Would that make it more or less morally dubious?