skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
He's talking about the Pfizer multi-national trial (which included a lot of enrollees in South Africa), and greatly distorting it.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577#t2

Yes, the primary endpoint shown in here was comparing 7 days after dose 2 of the vaccine to 7 days after dose 2 of the placebo group. (table 2):

https://www.nejm.org/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577/asset/619bcb1...

However, figure 3 breaks down the efficacy vs. time, and it shows no effect like he describes:

https://www.nejm.org/cms/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577/asset/fe40d07...

Instead, the vaccine and control groups were about the same until roughly day 10-12 after the first dose, and then dramatically diverged (though not as decisively as after dose 2).
I think optimization in general is about understanding the layer of abstraction below you and arranging your workload to exploit it's efficiencies and avoid it's inefficiencies. (Cases where you can reimplement using a different algorithm and end up doing less work notwithstanding.)
I have a Framework, because I much prefer Linux, and don't want to spend more than market prices on SSD and RAM. It's the best Linux laptop I have ever owned.

However, I do have to admit the Macbook just has a better build quality, and Framework could up their game here. Especially the bezel, the general "gritty" feel of the aluminum, the cheap feeling to the pluggable modules. Reflections in the screen are not mirror-like, they are wavy. The screen resolution and brightness could also be higher by a notch; it's impossible to use the Framework in sunlight but I think Macbooks are in fact barely useable in the sun.
Is it safe to use encryption with plausible deniability?
I'm not lying and you know I wasn't. You can't support your point so you were looking to get points in any way you can. It's OK, I called out tribalism earlier on in the thread. I'm pretty used to it at this point. All good, no hard feelings.

Take care.
Show HN: Python Library to "Shuffle" ML Data Instantly
In large-scale ML training, shuffling datasets with over 1 billion data points (e.g., LAION-5B) is common. Typical methods like `np.random.shuffle` on an indices array, `df.sample(frac=1)` on the entire dataset, or using the online Fisher-Yates have significant drawbacks:

1. np.random.shuffle is actually kind of slow when you have > 1B data. It takes away your precious time to "can I enter my training loop to see if things work".
2. They take O(n) extra memory

I want to show a cool trick that should be more popular among large-scale ML practitioners - use a cheap symmetric cipher (a "pseudo-random permutation") to generate a permutation of [0, 1, 2, ..., n - 1] on the fly. This approach allows you to obtain a permutation of [0..n] using O(1) space and time (no need to store an extra shuffled version of the array), with a seed of your choice. You can randomly index in O(1) time, and the permutation can be generated instantly for any data scale, effectively functioning like np.random.shuffle but instantly.

The only tradeoff is a slight degradation in shuffling quality, but this is typically irrelevant for ML training purposes.

Using a Feistel cipher for fast shuffling is not a new concept and can be implemented in various languages. This Show HN submission `smallperm` is notable because

1. It is a library for Python, the de facto language for ML

2. It is backed by Rust, and efficiently engineered (iterating through the permutation is 2x-3x slower than iterating through an `np.arange`, which is to say magnitudes faster than pure Python implementations)

3. During testing, this library has higher-quality shuffle than some other cipher-based libraries in statistical tests

In the end, I am also here to shout that one does not always need np.random.shuffle for your billion-scale data ;). Maybe three minutes of `np.random.shuffle` on each start-up is not that long, but we can often shuffle in 0 seconds.
Since everyone is mentioning movies and television, I’ll go against the grain and mention his narration of Hemingway’s “Old Man and the Sea”. It’s a relatively short audiobook and he does a fantastic job.
I actually really miss this style of blog post that was really common back in the day. Very human-like. What is the multi-touch scene like on the Framework? I used to be Ubuntu-primary and the one thing it wasn't good at was things like scrolling in 4 directions. On my Mac, I can move many web things left and right and diagonally, but on my Ubuntu laptop (likely as a constraint of the laptop I had) I could only move along the axes.

On something like Excalidraw, for instance, I just move like I have my fingers on the screen. It's great on my Macbook. Is it like that on Linux? I think I might well buy one soon with this and DHH recommending.

I just bought another Asus ROG Zephyrus laptop and got Ubuntu running on it. I have yet to try LLMs on the built-in 4090, but I'm excited about that. Thank you for the review!
But the posts on HN are not re-ordered according to the user. It’s about prioritizing or recommending, not just “there’s a difference”.

IMO the “threads” would fall under the exceptions of

(f) the media are recommended, selected, or prioritized only in response to a specific search inquiry by the user

Or maybe

(g) the media recommended, selected, or prioritized for display is exclusively next in a pre-existing sequence from the same author, creator, poster, or source;
They surely tried to release the "V3-beta not beta"... Or the 2.9 which is a pre V3-beta xD
Yes, that's true. There can be localised relative abundances of some inputs. Eg almost all of the world has an abundance of air. But submarines and space stations do not.

I guess I can rescue my statement that we don't have localised abundances of (easily) tradeable goods. And that leads to no localised abundances of all the inputs required to make a tradeable good.

To come back to the original example: flood farming would produce an abundance of agricultural outputs, and those are fairly easy to trade. Both across space and these days also across time, thanks to preservation techniques.

(Not all agricultural outputs are easy to transport or preserve, but there's probably something you can grow that is.)

I hope that in the future almost everywhere in the world will still have way too much air so that it's too cheap to measure; but thanks to global trade food prices will always be relatively flat across the globe.

So even people farming insanely productive regions will have plenty of incentives to innovate to further improve productivity.
Last year discussion https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35973408 (184 points | May 2023 | 28 comments)
> Nobody’s giving or getting head with a condom.

In the early days of AIDS (wasn't called HIV back then) the recommendation was to use a condom or dental dam (depending on the hardware of the recipient). That's how I learned what a dental dam was. Later it was suggested that plastic food wrap would work (the jokes just write themselves).

Sadly the ubiquity of paper toilet sheet covers in US bathrooms dates back to the 80s due to straight paranoia over AIDs + widespread and overt anti-gay prejudice, so every time I see one of those dispensers I grit my teeth.

Reminds me of the early days of COVID (not the anti-gay part, but the weird practices when nobody really had yet a good theory of what's going on).
As a symbol, I think the best thing to do with Hubble is boost it to a long term orbit until it can be properly preserved for history.
https://archive.is/Mh5VG
Continuum – Meet people from all over the world... then kill them
There's also needle guides[1] which provide a lot of flexibility for those who self-administer.

1. https://unionmedico.com/45-reusable-s1/
What about a study on inhalations instead? Most people don’t mask anymore even as they are coughing out that last piece of lung.
Maybe you're right. It's been a while. Either way, the philosophy was always to make money off the data somehow even if we didn't know how at the time.
I've been "engaging" with Facebook to delete my account, and it does feel awfully like I'm talking to an LLM. We entered a circular argument with me asking exactly why I needed a new email address to delete my account, and Facebook telling me that I hadn't provided them a new email address.

https://roffey.au/2024/deleting-a-facebook-account.html

Like the OP I'll be sending a complaint to the government, in my case, Australia's Privacy Commissioner. I'm not super optimistic about whether they will do anything, having dealt with them in the past, but I'm still giving it a shot.
Good job!!

I did a 1-1 replica of the Windows 95 version of Minesweeper.

You can find it at https://github.com/danielricci/minesweeper

I didn’t do anything fancy in terms of reducing the size of the output file, but it was fun to try and replicate that game as best as I could.
Thanks so much! I'll give it a try this afternoon. Sorry for the delayed response, I don't check my HN replies very often.
Claude 3.5 Sonnet takes the top spot on Aider LLM Leaderboards
Related: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/crown-equipme...
… so what’s the return on investment exactly? It sounds like nothing tangible at all.
I used to use a variant of this poison wine problem as an interview question. It was actually pretty good - the ones that could perceive problems abstractly usually got it without too much prompting. And the process of approaching a solution was informative.
Is Microsoft working on relocation projects recently?
Just went through a local water treatment plant tour. Fundamentally, it’s pretty simple.

This processing drinking water.

The water comes in and the particulates within it carry a negative ion charge. The water passes over an agitator, and a combination of ferric chloride and some kind latex are mixed with the water.

The water then flows through a long channel. At this point the negative charged particles bind with the positive charged chemicals. The combinations then simply precipitate out in the long channel. At the end, small channels draw water off just the first few inches of the larger channel.

This water goes to a combination aggregate and sand filter. It’s not very deep, about 3 feet total for both.

The resulting water is 99+% pure now.

It moves on to a large activated carbon filter. We’re talking 10 feet deep. Like a water pitcher filter. This is a recent CA requirement, installed in 2005. Designed to remove some specific by products.

The water then goes through a large UV system to kill what’s left, and is finally injected with some chlorine. The chlorine is preventative to deal with anything that may potentially be introduced later in the system.

I don’t know when they intrythe UV part, but the way it’s laid out, seems like that came with the carbon filter system.

That means that prior to 2005, the aggregate and sand filter was considered good enough, augmented with the chlorine. But they never considered the chlorine as part of the purifying process, simply precautionary.

It was very interesting, and I thought pretty simple conceptually. The trick is the actual engineering of the actual plant and respective water system.

I found it interesting to learn that the large water tank near me, which roughly measured at 5M gallons is actually only 1/3rd above ground. It’s a 16M tank, one of the largest in the system.
It seems likely, but it's probably also those same customers who are the ones with large enough codebases for performance to be "unusable" instead of merely "not great".
Chimpanzees 'self-medicate' with healing plants
The updated 2023 vaccine was based on XBB.1.5. In the period you quoted, the variants based on the massive BA.2.86 saltation took over, including JN.1 which was fully dominant by January. XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 are antigenically very different. I would not be surprised if the case ratio between the two branches during the period was in fact 55:45, i.e. matching the CDC's 54%.

Regrettably, this is one's on the FDA, as XBB.1.5 was already on the way out when the FDA chose it. Part of the problem was their desire to include Novavax in the lineup. It has a much longer update turnaround time than Moderna and Pfizer, and Novavax had already committed to XBB.1.5 by the time the 2023 VRBPAC meeting took place.

As for the original vaccine, the waning measurements were in terms of antibody titers, not in terms of actual effectiveness against the target variant. Delta emerged in the spring of 2021, and it had significant immune escape from WT (Wuhan.) By the time the population was immunized against WT, Delta had already driven WT out.

There have not been many reported cases of non-immunocompromised people getting infected with the exact same variant they had been vaccinated against or previously infected with, particularly with WT. There has been too much evolution in the timeline to even dig out the signal.

The original WT mRNA effectiveness measurements were 92-95% IIRC. For all we know, the missing 5-8% might be attributable to immune deficits, early infections, and/or incomplete B-cell maturation. I haven't noticed any research that measured the likelihood of single-variant breakthrough infection, but if you find some I'd like to look at it.

As for other diseases, they are not in the pandemic phase, so their vaccines can be optimized accordingly.

I would dispute that "easily evolve" notion, though. There have been billions of Covid cases since 2019, including countless immunocompromised patients who are basically walking virus incubators. Yet there have only been a handful of major saltations. It's actually quite likely that Covid will eventually be defeated completely.
https://web.archive.org/web/20100216070004/http://www.feer.c...
I have been using simple Kanban-inspired text files for years. I have managed everything from small to million-dollar projects with this approach. Each project has a main log file. Disciplines usually have their own (electronics, mechanical, optics, manufacturing, testing, etc.).

What's in the file?

<Project Name> Log File
-------------------------------- WORKING ON NOW
<move whatever task you are working on to this space>

-------------------------------- TO DO
- <start each task with a dash>
- <indent related sub-tasks or notes>

-------------------------------- IDEAS
<free-form notes>

-------------------------------- RESOURCES
<free-form resources>

-------------------------------- DONE
<move anything that's done into this section>
<timestamp if desired>

That's it. Simple.
Just a random thought, it's amazing how competitive a startup can be when compared to a company that has orders of magnitude more R&D funds! Tradtionally, I would think hardware products would have a relatively large moat!
The author doesn't care about either the keyboard or the display because external parts are used... Maybe a mini PC is a better option for him?
Play this, by your stomach, let my words massage it and rub it - Nas
Not generally, no. Driving that car with the sketchy suspension is cheaper than getting it fixed.
I pronounce the vowels in Mary, marry, and merry differently— like mail, marathon, and merit– but apparently that's not true in many places in the US. My regional accent is pretty mild, but I did grow up in a famously heavily accented area.
Or the battery :P
Guaranteed 98.9% positive feedback (https://xkcd.com/325)
I think LLM foundational models are like the Cisco/Level3 of the dotcom hype. Cost is high.

It's the startups building on top of LLMs that will have much lower cost.
Some of those could definitely be improved, but also, I do think that it is much, much easier to build a "premium" feeling product when you can seal the whole thing together and don't have to worry about repairs or upgrades.

It's one reason while, why I'm personally a big fan of framework and their philosophy (my 16 just arrived the other day), I also know that they aren't for everyone. Repairable, upgradeable, modular, hardware comes with real trade-offs and not everyones value function will prefer those trade-offs.
If it isn't illegal, they're gonna do it. Even if it is illegal, some will still do it but but at least there will be a disincentive.
My first-gen Framework 13 with Ubuntu is usable, but has major issues around power. Battery life is very poor compared to ordinary laptops (I get ~3 hours of web browsing and light coding), and compared to M-series Macbooks (which have extraordinary battery life >8 hours) it is abysmal. Suspend/resume often fails in strange ways, and occasionally even power on is problematic (e.g. battery is full but it won't turn on without being plugged into a charger). Repair-ability and running OSS software is an idealistic goal that I share, however in practical terms the need to repair a laptop is very rare. So when it breaks, I'll be well ahead of the curve; when it doesn't, which is most of the time, I'm behind the curve.
> THE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL PROMULGATE REGULATIONS IDENTIFYING [...] AVAILABLE AGE DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES [...] PREVALENT PRACTICES OF THE INDUSTRY [...] SUCH REGULATIONS SHALL SET FORTH MULTIPLE COMMERCIALLY REASONABLE AND TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE METHODS [...] INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE METHOD THAT EITHER DOES NOT RELY SOLELY ON GOVERNMENT ISSUED IDENTIFICATION OR THAT ALLOWS A COVERED USER TO MAINTAIN ANONYMITY

It looks like the plan is for the companies to do age verification somehow. Details to be arranged later, by somebody.
Solid Silicon Joins OpenPOWER Foundation
You are thinking of HPV, HSV is herpes.

There is no vaccine, it doesn't cause cancer (that we know of, at least not like HPV), and spreads via skin contact on the genital area.

Since fluids are not required for HPV or HSV and it's present on the area that a condom won't cover, condoms aren't effective for either.
Are you adding in Social Security and Medicare taxes? Those don’t go to NASA.
Don’t sell yourself short.
Here's a helpful map visualizing how Russia and Germany divided Eastern Europe in the secret protocol[1] to the Hitler-Stalin pact: https://i.imgur.com/DvCrPWB.jpeg

As to the "Judenfrei" status, that's a great deal due to the executions and mass deportations[2] that Russians unleashed after invading in 1940. First they banned all Jewish organizations, even fraternities and tennis clubs. Then they started targeting the professional class (politicians, doctors, lawyers, etc) to wipe out people capable of running the country and challenge the Russian rule. Their crime was officially designated as "being socially undesirable". Jews were overrepresented among the victims by a factor of 10. By the time Germans arrived in 1941, only 900 Jews were left in Estonia, as depicted on your map. Some had been deported, others ran away wherever they could. The last 900 remained because they believed that Germans couldn't be worse than the Russian terror of 1940-1941.

When Russians invaded again in 1944 and began their 50-year occupation of the country (which included another wave of terror and mass deportations[3]), they replaced German antisemitic policies with their own and continued suppressing Jewish culture until the very end of the USSR. The Jewish school in Tallinn, for example, opened in 1924, was closed by Germans in 1941, and only in 1990, as the USSR entered the final death spiral, got its confiscated real estate back and resumed teaching. So if you intended to be clever and play the Jewish card, you chose a very wrong place to do it. Germans had the holocaust in store for them, and for Russians they were exploiters of the working class, destined for Siberian labor camps.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pac...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_deportation

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Priboi
B2B SaaS has been around for years and genuinely solves a problem i.e. most companies struggle to run on-premise applications well.

The issue for me is far more Crypto and AI where ridiculous amounts of money has been spent with little to show for it.
I've seen numerous instances where Firefox Wayland has caused issues. Setting MOZ_ENABLE_WAYLAND=0 fixed the issue I was having.

In case you're curious: My issue was that it'd cause a burst of high CPU usage, which would result in an emergency shutdown of my system.
Non inverted-T arrow keys make the Framework 13 a non-starter for me. I hated the full size Left/Right keys on the post Retina MacBook Pros, and Apple didn’t change it back just for me either so I don’t get why any manufacturer would try it.
Also, MagSafe is way better for charging than USB-C, since you can’t damage it if the cable is pulled.
This opinion piece argues that fields are merely probability distributions, strongly implying that particles are, actually, particles: https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/a-common-misunderstan...

There's certainly plenty of common misunderstanding in this, uh, field!
The article says that small claim court has $100 filing fees - considering that every case is heard for 10 minutes, it sounds like small claim court should be able to mostly if not completely self-fund.
finally someone pointed it out.
You would think. The easier, five-color theorem proof fits in a few paragraphs but the four-color theorem really resists a simple explanation. Even the simplified 1990s version of the proof (which came ~20 years after the original proof and 100 years after the 5CT proof) required enumeration of hundreds of individual cases.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem
Yes, I've seen this. Read my comment.
Office in Tel Aviv???? ARE YOU KIDDING ME???
Will they will train AIs there, or if they will inference AIs there?
> “less taxes are good for the economy,” is unarguably true

no, but there have to be a lot of variables involved to find new balance points.. it is certainly a political situation
AI scraping against permission could allow corporations to formulate a loophole where Congress argues that it's impossible to enforce a law against and that it's easier to just make laws to allow corporations to close-source their websites (yes, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, etc). I think what's most likely to happen is nothing will fundamentally change, and browsers will continue showing page source, and AI will continue scraping source content without permission.
Right? This is like doing a car review, but continually pointing out that you are just going to leave it parked in front of your house so you don’t care about how it drives.
Big companies not paying court fees is not a thing in any state.
Starting with DOS 6.0 (which came out before DOOM), there was an option to create a menu where you could choose different CONFIG.SYS (and AUTOEXEC.BAT via a variable) options. No need to edit it every time or use a floppy just to get different settings![0]

[0] http://smallvoid.com/article/dos-multiple-configurations.htm...
Correct. 1GB.
even more ironic is that no one replying to such comments
Islam isn't really like that. There are only 4 schools (not 1000 different churches) and they mostly disagree about minor things.

There's pretty broad consensus about the fact that the end times will be preceded by a huge drop in religiosity and rise in sinfulness. Here's just one example: https://islamqa.info/en/answers/78329/signs-of-the-day-of-ju...

And here's the source it's from: https://sunnah.com/bukhari:80

It's pretty cut and dry

Feel free to look up signs of judgment day, it's pretty heavily agreed upon
You picked a project that (A) is literally older than the sun, (B) targets Java 11, a version from 5 years ago, and (C) the file is generated.

Right at the top of the file...

> /* QueryParser.java /
/ Generated By:JavaCC: Do not edit this line. QueryParser.java */

I'm not claiming you're not going to see properties written out. I'm just saying that's not the majority of code you're going to see and to claim that idiomatic Java is all getters and setters is a bit far fetched.

Here is what I would consider modern idiomatic Java, immutable records and immutable classes that may expose some of their state:

https://github.com/jstachio/jstachio/blob/main/compiler/apt/...
https://github.com/jstachio/jstachio/blob/main/compiler/apt/...