skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This has nothing to do with my threat model.

First of all, not every country allows the ISP to spy on its users.

Then, by using the ISPs DNS resolver, there's a high chance when browsing a well known site, like ycombinator, I hit the ISP's cache, so the information that I want to access that side doesn't go past the ISP's DNS resolver.

Also the ISP's resolver may hit a cache higher up in the hierachy before talking to root servers and requesting the information directly from the source. But even if I do NOT hit the ISP's cache, and the DNS resolver has to look it up, my single request drowns in the sea of all kinds of requests from the ISP's resolver and only the ISP is able to tell that I made that request. Again, in a country where the ISP is not allowed to spy on you, that's a rather safe thing.

DNSSEC doesn't play a role here as it only signs stuff and doesn't encrypt it. So the DoH resolver, that uses the DNS protocol to resolve unknown requests, will rely on the same information that my ISP's resolver will. In the end they'll always query the root servers and go straight to the authorative source.

Also, DNS is like a public phone book, so no problem if I look something up while that lookup drowns in a sea of requests. The only identifiable part here is my udp "connection" to the ISP's resolver and my IP-Address. This information isn't forwarded past the resolver I contact even if the resolver has to request anything on my behalf.

Fast forward to Firefox' DNS over HTTPS approach:

- Now all requests go to a single resolver and are bundled there.

- The requests are encapsulated in HTTP.

- HTTP contains much more information in the headers than any direct DNS request ever could.

- I'm not just identifiable by my IP-Address, but also by the information in the HTTP-Headers and the fingerprinting of the browser that can be done.

Also Firefox made it OPT-OUT and not OPT-IN. Which is a problem in and of itself.
> I'd also expect an advanced form of life to have discovered game theory and analyzed potential interaction with other civilizations as a sequential game with imperfect information

Noteworthy: all that is known is not necessarily utilized (optimally, and often ~at all).

> PBS Space Time had an episode on this recently [1] which goes into more detail. Briefly, if you put survival of your planet over all else, "destroy aliens as soon as you become aware of them" has a better outcome for you than "contact them" or "ignore them".

This demonstrates how inescapable faith is, as a cognitive & cultural phenomenon - science is absolutely overflowing with it, but cannot see it due to ideological blindness.

> It's the speed of light limit that is the problem with the "contact them" option.

The speed of light limit that is problem with the "contact them" option.

FTFY

> If they are not nice and go for destroying you, which they do by sending some heavy masses at you at relativistic speeds, you don't find out about until it is too late to launch a counter attack so there's no "mutual assured destruction" deterrent like the one that has kept us from using civilization ending weapons on Earth.

This seems fine, but it is but one theory among many theoretical possibilities. I do not disagree at all that we should put more thought into whether advertising our presence is a good idea.

Imho, humanity would be well served by allocating a larger percentage of our compute to these sorts of conversations!
> Those will never get popular, but at least the local community will gain a better sense of connection through the artistic expressions of their community members.

I assume you're just spitballing here. Still: what you've proposed often produces an artistic process that is possibly worse than the oligopoly you're attempting to oppose.

Prioritizing "a better sense of connection" through artistic expression is a recipe for manipulating artists into giving away their time (and, perhaps, art) for free or close to it. Moreover, de-emphasizing popularity means the local production has less money coming in. Too few dollars chasing "a better sense of connection" essentially means you'll optimized for the most manipulative ego-maniacs to hound local artists to mentor and make art for less than what they are worth.

Worst of all, the artists who get manipulated and burned out by this process aren't the ones who would have produced "garbage coming from the pseudo-anonymous void." They're the ones who would have done local community productions that have enough money to pay a minimally decent amount of money to artists. Ironically, you end up with less enthusiasm for the kind of art you're wanting to produce.
"I don't think the US military generally uses off-the-shelf consumer products like the Ukraine military does, so does this actually affect them?"

Yes, because if you have no drone manufacturing in your country, you can't just spin on a dime and suddenly have military-grade drone manufacturing. Technology is a lot less about knowing what the atomic weight of cesium is and a lot more about employee A knowing that B knows how to solve instability problems and their contact at company C knows what to do when the blades spin apart. You can't build the massive networks of those relationship by just passing a law today and expecting to have a best-of-class industry tomorrow, no matter how much money you throw at it.
Thank you for putting a name to something I really struggle with. Learning a programming language in school and hacking together quick projects did NOT prepare me for jumping into an actual codebase with all of its internal complexity. "Structural documentation" would be a godsend to me for most of the repos I look at.

On a tangential note, I also wish I had a better understanding of which files are hand-crafted and important to grok and which are just boilerplate that was autogenerated by a script or copy+pasted from some doc. There are a lot of files that are intimidating to look at, but if I talked to the developer who implemented it they might say "Oh you don't need to worry about that, you just need to include that as config for package X".
No, that's not implied by the phrase, any more than if I say "a triangle with three corners" I'm implying the existence of a four-cornered triangle I haven't found yet. What "biased language model" implies is the existence of the term "unbiased language model", but not its correspondence with anything in reality.
This is cool. I hope the cost of eink plummets so this is actually viable.
An independent contractor using Adobe is still helping cement Adobe’s perception as a must-have for business. If you worked in that space at all, it was super common to have things like Illustrator or Photoshop specified in contracts for designers and print shops, and pretty much everyone needed Acrobat Pro for sone proprietary feature which didn’t exist in the alternatives.

Adobe wasn’t going to risk bad publicity going after some freelancer for $800, but they could count on everyone in that world needing to use Adobe products for compatibility reasons to provide the inertia which meant that the businesses who hired those freelancers kept paying Adobe rather than switching at the threat of a lawsuit.
I pay attention to my cats. They don't bite me without me knowing in advance. Even people who've had cats for decades get bit more than I do. I don't understand why people don't pay that much attention to other people or pets. There's a lot going on that you can be aware of if you make an effort.
I've done a little bit of that, but not as much as I should. I took it to a boardgame convention and a GDC event, but not much came from it. If anyone has introductions or advice there, I'd appreciate it.
The batteries should be much more efficient than 85% since they wouldn't use an inverter.
Since corporations are people (in the minds of US jurists) wouldn't that make it an unconstitutional Bill of Attainder?
How many children do you have, what ages, and how’s your method going?
And you don't then use that knuckle to pick up food, and eat with.

Much cleaner.
While Bamboo etc are one head in front of Prusa now, they are still very close in the context of printing weapons. I mean, neither are particularly suited compared to a CNC mill or lathe. And both have come quite a long way since what we had 10-15 years ago, when FDM for non-industrial users got started.
Undocumented and undefined are the same thing. If you are worried about changing undefined features then you must be in some sort of legacy hell.
I don't think there's a disagreement; the author states "Whenever I look at mocks, they mostly have the same problem as all unit tests that I see, they only model the happy path". So by corollary their opinion of the correct usage of mocking would also include modelling brokenness.
"Nice" is ambiguous, orthogonal to both dimensions of kindness and assertiveness.

It is possible to be nice, considerate, and assertive with discretion and truthfulness.

Overvaluing "nice" above all else can lead to failure, an appearance of dishonesty, and a lack of respect.
That would be great, but wireless earbuds and watches greatly need battery advances to overcome the current tedious ways to use them. Most smart watches need to be charged in a matter of 1-2 days, and wireless earbuds have to use extra batteries in their carrying cases to even hope to have enough charge available for when you need them. It's nice that we may substantially relieve these limitations.
I'll add more as a NY21 local:

I've never seen her. I've never heard from her locally. You can't fucking find Elise. It's all events in the past. There's never been a townhall up in this portion of her region.

Bonus: Her husband is a lobbyist for a leading gun industry trade group. https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Stefanik-s-husband-K...
Environmentalists will kill us all in time. Probably the Western civilization's greatest present threat.
Carma (YC W24) Hiring a Founding Full-Stack SWE to Get Fleets Same-Day Auto Repair
Yeah this sounds strange to me - every drive thru has had an intercom system like this working outside for decades. Doesn't seem like an insurmountable challenge to me.
Yes and no. We can measure our speed and direction of movement against the cosmic microwave background, which averages over a much larger area than our visible Universe (if redshift is interpreted as light aging because of ether), but local measurements will be sensitive to local flow only. It's like measuring speed of wind to calculate position. It's possible, to some degree, if you have a map of winds, but its precision is extremely low.
Incrementally increasing expenses as your income raises seems dumb, for me there are only three financial levels:

1. Can't afford lifestyle.

2. Can afford lifestyle.

3. Can retire.

Raises and budgeting can take you from 1 -> 2 quickly, but going from 2 -> 3 would require such a humongous raise that even a 10% one would be pointless.

Definitely a privileged take, but it does kinda suck when you are in the "Well at this income level I can safely retire in ~15 years... see ya then". Do you just grind it out safely? Or do you take risks to see if you can jump to number 3 immediately?
if taking a student's phone breaches your idea of autonomy, it's not just the UK you will have a problem with.

why does a student have the right to bring a banned object to a class and keep it? you would instead suspend the student? who do you think prefers that to confiscation? the student? the parent? teacher?
Vision based tech developed in silicon valley notoriously doesn't often include a diverse training sample. There are have been more than a few cases were technology has only been tested on light skinned people and released to the world and didn't work for anyone with more pigment in their skin.

Soap dispensers that detect hands are one example, highlighted by GP, I believe Microsoft's Kinect also had issues on release detecting non-white people.
I have a full paid license of acrobat pro. I want to pay for the 2020 version as that's the last one before it became rental software crap.
I refuse to pay monthly for this software.

That and office, give me the full one time license. Im not paying for cloud crap.
If the normal way of testing is passing some parameters to test some code is what I'm going to call "outside-in" testing.

Then mocking is "inside-out" testing. You check that your code is passing the right params/request to some dependency and reacting correctly to the output/response.

Its really the same thing and you can flip between them by "inverting".

Sometimes mocking just makes much more sense, and sometimes just passing paramaters to a function directly does. The end goal is the same: test some unit of codes behaviour against some specific state/situation.

They have their place but like all testing should be layered with other types of test to "test in depth".
Have you disputed the charge? If the bank is refusing to honor your request, that’s both reason to switch banks and to try small claims court to get your money back.
for (;;) { printf("%s\n", "I'm in danger!"); };
> Industrialization is what brought prosperity to the masses.

Industrialization brought prosperity to the elites, just like colonialism and slavery did. You act like the poor masses were the biggest beneficiaries of industrialization. Most of the benefits of industrializations has gone to the elites. Just like colonialism and slavery.

> Colonialism and slavery benefited the reigning elite, but the average person almost didn’t see any benefit.

Simply false. Tens of millions of europeans crowded in the smallest continent on earth were able to migrate to other parts of the world and gain land ( which is one of the primary sources of wealth ). And the ability to offload excess population allowed european elite to invest in production rather than waste resources on their excess population. A win-win situation.

> Unfortunately that won’t stop people from lying that slavery is the foundation of wealthy western democracies.

Slavery and colonialism were the foundations of industrialization. Industrializaton requires two things - excess capital and excess resources. How do you think europe was able to procure excess capital and resources?

> Brazil had 10x more slaves than the USA [1]. They would have been the richest country in Latin America per capita if slavery was the foundation of rich modern democracies, but that’s far from the case

And one of the most industrialized nations ( North Korea ) is one of the poorest in the world. What's your point? Brazil ended slavery in the 1800s and industrialized. It still isn't 'one of the richest in Latin America per capita'? Obviously you need something more than industrialization. Like political safety and stability and competent leadership.

You seem to think people are saying you need slavery and colonialism to industrialize. That's not the case. The point is that europe industrialized due to slavery and colonialism.

It remarkable how many here watch silly youtube videos to get their understanding of history and economics.
Well, the question was "How much does your annual salary need to be for you to feel happy/less stressed?". So it's a relative position: how much more money to subjectively improve your life? In that sense it makes sense, given the general diminishing returns of the utility of money, that those with a higher salary would say they need more additional money to be happier: even if they're relatively happy already, it's not something a relatively smaller amount of money is going to change much.

I find the inflection in the percentages somewhat interesting: it reduces from the lower to higher incomes until about 150k, then increases a lot. I wonder if that represents the salary range where financial independence starts to come into sight: then the responses there would be reflecting an estimate of the amount of money they'd need to retire early and live their current lifestyle off their savings.
I have tried various approaches and here's what worked best, assuming that there is some natural way to partition most of the data (e.g. per account):

1. Init the DB with some "default" data - configuration, lookup tables, etc

2. Each test in the test suite owns its data. It creates a new account and inserts new records only for that account. It can for example create users on this account, new entities, etc. It can run multiple transactions, can do rollbacks if needed. It is important to only touch the account(s) created by the test and to avoid touching the initial configuration. There's no need to clean up the data after the test finishes. These tests can run concurrently.

3. Create a separate integration test suite which runs sequentially and can do anything with the database. Running sequentially means that these tests can do anything - e.g. test cross-account functionality, global config changes or data migrations. In practice there aren't that many of those, most tests can be scoped to an account. These tests have to clean up after themselves so the next one starts in a good state.

Other approaches had tons of issues. For example if each test is wrapped with a transaction which is later rolled back then testing is very limited - tests cannot use transactions on their own. Savepoints have similar issue.
They don't necessarily result in higher prices for society or dead weight loss. Look up natural monopoly.

If anything, government intervention such as breaking up monopolies creates dead weight loss. Sometimes this price is worth it (such as for food production), sometimes it's not (for example luxury goods).

Even if one were to assume all monopolies are bad, that would not necessarily mean all are equally bad, or that the optimal strategy for reducing their harm would be the same.

Finally, unions are not monopolies on labor. Some unions are sufficiently large that they can be modelled as monopolies, but in general only a small fraction of the labor force is unionized and most unions are limited in scope. You could just as easily say employers have a monopoly on employment at their companies, which would be a true but not particularly useful way of looking at them.
MIT 6.S191: (Google) Generative AI for Media [video]
$17 coupon for future Adobe services coming your way!
I feel like something must have changed, because when we went to cancel ours on a previous car ~3 years ago it was a long-ish process, but only because they kept offering more and more discounts until it was essentially free.

A couple months ago when the trial ran out on a different car it was like you said, over and done with in 5 minutes.
Exotic black holes could be a byproduct of dark matter
Related:

1) Applying Cognitive Load Theory to Computer Science Education by Juhani Tuovinen et al. - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250790986_Applying_...

2) Application of Cognitive Load Theory in Programming Teaching by Xiaoqing Li - https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/view/4418

3) Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning by John Sweller - https://mrbartonmaths.com/resourcesnew/8.%20Research/Explici...

Also see - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40572984
Not surprised. I feel like this was bound to happen. I reckon TikTok will see similar alternatives pop up with the same differentiator (if it hasn't happened already).
Unfortunately, writing isn't even half the battle. Before you start writing, you need to read a lot. And Haskell code is, in general, atrocious. It always feels like there was a normal way to do something, but the author decided to chose the most convoluted way they can imagine to accomplish the same thing for the sake of a bizarre fashion sense.
A lot of this is flatly untrue.
We've noticed in the last few weeks that the Google Home that we have in the living room is "responding" a lot more frequently to random phrases from either real family members, or on TV shows and movies. It use to reliable require the "hey google" key phrase, but now it will spontaneously blurt something with no prompting. About 50% of the time it will randomly give a creepy "I'm sorry, I can't help you with that." and 50% it will start reading some Wikipedia entry.

I know I should probably unplug them...
Look up natural monopoly.
From an investor's perspective, would you prefer to invest $100M in a movie franchise where the last 4 titles have done really well and become borderline cultural landmarks, or a novel title with absolutely no backstory? The reality is that the former wins out most of the time and this is the explanation Occam's razor really favors. No one wants to make a bad movie--it just so happens that some stories are less risky than others.
The availability of that information is probably worse than ~10 years ago, but still better than any time in the past before that.

Another problem is that there are just too many products these days. 40 years ago someone might have 5 options for a vacuum cleaner, period. Someone on the internet today might have 500 options. It's just information overload. Someone who really cares to, might go through the 236 options that Consumer Reports has tested [0]

But most people aren't the type of people who would spend a half-hour arguing about consumer product quality on the internet. Most people aren't willing to spend any time to evaluate their options for relatively small purchases beyond the immediate moment of purchase.

[0]: https://www.consumerreports.org/appliances/vacuum-cleaners/b...

Good information for the quality of cheap consumer goods is hard to find because the information is not particularly valued by most people.
Slightly off-topic: I know the Substack says 2024, but I remembered reading this very same post before. Turns out it's from 2017 [0].

[0] https://www.medicalrepublic.com.au/dark-side-doctoring/1063
In 30 years the cost of solar panels+batteries will have fallen so low that power will be the least important part of any manufacturing process. In fact, it already is for everything but the most commodified, low margin products, things that first world countries have no interest in competing.
"one art work from every decade of the last 500 years that would likely be highly diverse in style and content"

It still might not be especially diverse if all 50 examples were from western European art. 500 years only takes us back to 1524 - not especially long and mostly from the same early modern period starting with the fall of Constantinople, the end of the Crusades, and the start of the Renaissance. I wouldn't be surprised if 80% or more of the works ended up being some depiction of aspects of Christianity painted by a white male.
It depends on what you consider lossy.

For time discretization, the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem[1] says a band-limited, continuous-time signal can be perfectly reconstructed from a discrete-time signal with a sufficiently high (but finite) sampling frequency. Human hearing is naturally band limited to about the range 20Hz to 20kHz, and audio recordings typically use sufficient sampling frequency to losslessly recontruct thos bandwidth.

For quantization, any recorded analog signal is a true signal plus some level of measurement noise. Quantization of a signals can also be thought of as adding some noise to a continuous amplitude signal[2]. If the "quantization noise" is much smaller than the measurement noise of the signal, then the discretization is effectively lossless. Typical audio formats have a maximum quantization error far, far smaller than typical audio recording hardware's measurment error (and the human ear's).

So typical quantized, discrete-time audio formats can be considered lossless representations of the anolog sound signals humans can hear (assuming proper capture and processing). On the other hand, no quantized or discretized signal can losslessly represent a non-band-limited, zero-noise audio signal.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nyquist%E2%80%93S...

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization_(signal_processin...
Nothing is left undefined. Absent of documentation, most likely something will end up defined by inference. Which is not a good place to be as a developer as you have lost the nuance that went into it originally.