skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
What about containers. These are now pretty ubiquitous too. Should they also be taught containers? Package management? Document management systems?

I feel like there's a line where we expect some on the job ramp up. Version control was not ubiquitous 20 years ago even if it technically existed in some early form. We honestly weren't really using SVN/CVS much back then and git wasn't invented 20 years ago. Containerization is another example where it was not ubiquitous even 10 years ago.

What if some new technology becomes fairly ubiquitous across the industry? There's some line where you need to accept people won't be taught this in a CS degree. There's a reasonable assumption that you'll learn on the job and also continuously throughout your career.
Hope your archaic abilities get you ahead in life!
There's various levels of rigour. For casual conversation any source is usually enough, even Wikipedia or a Reddit comment. And sometimes anything short of independently verifying is not enough. The question is, where on this spectrum do elementary/high school essays fall?
Some people memorize verbatim. Most LLM knowledge is not memorized. Easy proof: source material is in one language, and you can query LLMs in tens to a hundred plus. How can it be verbatim in a different language?
It's not a breathless article - these advances are quite doable from an engineering standpoint (and going from 20-->25% is a HUGE deal - that directly reduces the number of panels needed, and so directly reduces overhead and labor.)

The more exotic designs which often are the subject of breathless articles (e.g. perovskite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell or other multi-junction cells) can get greater efficiencies (like up to 40% for quad junction) but are a lot more expensive from a lifetime cost perspective (they don't last nearly as long as silicon junctions and are much more expensive to produce.)
Out of curiosity, have you considered relocating to SFBA?
Like what? I'm seeing that the Union is by-type and not by-name (such as C vs Rust enums). I didn't see good support for preventing null pointers, but maybe I missed that. And it wasn't clear if RAII works.
And received negative comments about Musk as usual.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40666289
UA is just a signature a client sends. It's up to the client to use the signature they want to use.
> How are you using AI to learn and grow?

An AI chatbot’s chat window is its short-term memory. If anything in the chat window is wrong, start a new chat window to get away from the incorrect premise.

I use ChatGPT most of the time, but you can use any AI chatbot.

I get a quick introduction to a topic by asking an AI "What do you know about..." Here is an example where I asked “What do you know about the IRF540?” https://chatgpt.com/share/fc313c34-e66f-4881-a2b1-421258eb76...

I get motivation by telling an AI about myself and then asking it "Why should I be excited about..." Here is an example where I asked “I teach college computer classes. Why should I be excited about cybersecurity?” https://chatgpt.com/share/43acb37d-0beb-45da-b2f9-eb547ca0d9...

I use AI as a writing coach. This is a multi-step process that involves many revisions:

1. After I have my outline, I open a new chat window and ask an AI to also create an outline. I take a few ideas from the AI's outline while documenting the AI as a source. Here are failed examples because they are totally different than what I wanted: https://chatgpt.com/share/e9e0807e-9598-4bfc-829e-7ba6d00961... and https://chatgpt.com/share/e2973a8f-e19b-41db-a8af-2f1f3aacdb...

2. I explain what I am doing, then paste in a copy of what I have written so far. Then I ask the AI to give me bullet points on how to improve it without rewriting any of it. This is the part many people miss. You do not have to take the output of an AI in its entirety or not use it. You can ask an AI for suggestions on how to improve your writing and then implement those suggestions or not. You are writing, the AI is just making suggestions.

3. I ask an AI to rate what I am writing from 1 to 100 and do not use my writing until I have improved it enough to earn a 90 or better.

4. After I finish writing something, I stay in the same chat window where I am working with the AI to create the document (with the AI giving me suggestions, not with the AI writing it for me) and ask the AI to write the whole thing. Then I might copy an idea or two from the AI’s version, while documenting my source.

Here is an example of revising this post using AI as a writing coach: https://chatgpt.com/share/cbc0dfbf-43aa-42d4-8759-4b77e229b8...

I never did get this up to a 90. I’m sorry; I did the best that I could, but I am not an English professor.
It's getting there eventually! https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.t...
Another unfortunate blunder resulting from the complicated design is that usb C female to usb A male adapters are unsafe and prohibited by the usb C spec (because they can be used to make unsafe connectors)

You still see those adapters frequently because this stupid decision would hobble usb C adoption (since it would prevent you from making a usb C peripheral with backwards compatibility for usb A using an adapter) so manufacturers have largely ignored that part of the spec
:x

thanks
I used a 2700k for a long time - it was a great chip with great longevity. But there are a lot of basic apps today it would struggle with - even firefox with a few extensions would make it sweat. The platform RAM speed was a lot slower too.

I don't think I'd want to run a 2700k today unless there were no other computers available.
A good skill is learning to specialize, or at least not being adverse to it. Contrary to what you see online, the vast majority of people who are successful on paper and who have good careers and decent-sized nest eggs , do not have profound insights into society, or are worldly or erudite people. They instead find something that works and then hone in and refine that. Unlike the generalists who dominate and seem to have all the status online, they specialize at something and become good enough that they can make a career at it.
Robots.txt is a nice convention but it's not law AFAIK. User agent strings are IMHO stupid - they're primarily about fingerprinting and tracking. Tailoring sites to device capabilities misses the point of having a layout engine in the browser and is overly relied upon.

I don't think most people want these 2 things to be legally mandated and binding.
At first a person follows a best practice because they dont know anything else.

Next, a person learns why something is actually a best practice. Which, eventually is a way to also learn whdn something is no longer the best practice. They learn when to break the best practice, specifically which situations it is not best.

Not being able to rollback or view file history are major handicaps. It is like not being able to dribble a basketball with your left hand. It is a best practice to be an ambidextrous dribbler. CS is young, some best practices are opinion, others are tools that you should know about in order to achieve basic competency.
A manufacturing efficency would, this won't. The cheapest panel wins.
It's not obvious to me either, but the patrocinium really reminded me of Don Corleone in The Godfather. Consider how the opening scene between Bonasera and Corleone is basically an infodump on the difference between state (the police) and non-state (the godfather) provision of violence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZHsmb4ezEk

(in particular, note how it calls attention to the importance of —asymmetric!— ritual gift exchange for vertical ties)

(and Barzini's presence —depicted due to the photographer, a little later— demonstrates horizontal ties among the Big Men)
Thanks, I think your timeline makes a lot of sense. Considering that, my gut tells me it may be 15 to 20 years before RISC-V catches up (since Intel and AMD and ARM won't be laying down). What do you think the timeline looks like? Do you think RISC-V will catch up anytime within the next 15 to 20 years? Is it more optimistic than that?

If a company like AMD spun up a RISC-V division (oh god that would be so amazing), that would obviously greatly accelerate the timetable. I lack a whole lot of strategic info for decision making, but my instinct is to think that could be very good for AMD. There would be some cannabilization, but I don't think nearly as much as you would think, but the big payoff is that if RISC-V is going to be big (which I think it is), they become the de-facto leaders and can own it, much the way Nvidia did with GPUs.
You should be able to judge whether something is a copyright violation based on the resulting work. If a work was produced with or without computer assistance, why would that change whether it infringes?
Aside from the security issues, this project is pretty clearly violating the GPL by distributing binary versions of other people's code without including either the source code or the original copyright notices.
Is reading a book the same as photocopying it for sale?

Which of the scenarios above is more similar to using it to train a LLM?
A battery made using the dirtiest grid that produces them at scale (110kg CO2/kWh of battery) breaks even compared to gas after ~200 cycles.

LFP batteries commonly used as stationary storage regularly do 2000 cycles.

Makes more sense to use that gas to make more batteries.
Unix – The Hole Hawg (1999)
These "some people" would not fall under the "normal people" that I specifically said. but you go right ahead and keep thinking they are normal so you can make caveats on an internet forum.
I'd believe it if they were targeting entities that could fight back, like stock photo companies and disney, instead of some guy with an artstation account, or some guy with a blog. To me it sounds like these products can't exist without exploiting someone and they're too coward to ask for permission because they know the answer is going to be "no."

Imagine how many things I could create if I just stole assets from others instead of having to deal with pesky things like copyright!
Leaked documents reveal patient safety issues at Amazon's One Medical
I will of course happily buy a 25% panel as soon as it is on the market if the price per watt for the total install is not soaked up by a multitude of other factors.

When can I expect that to be?
Technically “text-based world simulator” pretty much is an explanation of LLMs already. That’s why we all suddenly care about dumb chatbots —- they accidentally cracked the frame problem.
Author here. The page I asked it to summarize was posted after I implemented all blocking on the server (and robots.txt). So they should not have had any cached data.
commercial home ownership is made less risky and more profitable if supply is far lower than demand, which is the case with overwhelming immigration and a housing construction sector not able to keep pace with immigration.
Can you be more specific? What do you like about Zig? What warts does Odin inherit?
The better the solar gets, the bigger the incentive to restructure the surrounding infrastructure
make this open-source, I can bet you will see a lot of contributors.

then, make it easy for content producers to incorporate into their websites.
> so far getting away with it (pending lawsuits notwithstanding).

I know it feels like it's been longer, but it's not even been 2 years since ChatGPT was released. "So far" is in fact a very short amount of time in a world where important lawsuits like this can take 11 years to work their way through the courts [0].

[0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_v_Google
Perhaps. But a reasonable license requiring you to pass a test isn't the same as a medallion in the traditional American taxi system. Medallions (often costing tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars) were a way of artificially reducing the number of taxis (and thus raising the price).
Exception that proves the rule! Plugging USB-A on the first try equals excalibur out of the stone. Our Arthur is out there, somewhere.
You should complain to their cloud host that they are knowingly stealing your content (because they’re hiding their user agent).
Get them kicked off their provider for violating TOS.
The CCPA also allows you to request that they delete your data. As a California company they have to comply or face serious fines.
Brings back memories. IIRC I got one of these with my Acorn Atom Kit. A kit ‘cause my dad wanted to teach me out to build it myself (or was it because he wanted to save money…?)
They check after they scrape
His brother owns 0.06% of the company.
It’s not retrieving a web page though is it? It’s retrieving the content then manipulating it. Perplexity isn’t a web browser.
Yes, that argument keeps coming around. It's become less convincing over time.

LLMs are a new kind of intelligence. They sound like humans when trained on text written by humans. That reflects the training set, not the algorithm. We have a hard time getting an intuitive sense of what shape this kind of intelligence has. It's also changing very rapidly. ChatGPT was launched less than two years ago.

> For some people the thing protecting them from a meltdown is just a view that superhuman machine intelligence isn't possible, and once that is broken they become vulnerable to cult indoctrination or just general dysfunction.

AI would be a bigger political issue if more people understood what's happening. We have no idea how to organize a society where AIs do most of the middle class work. AI is going to break the "College = Success" paradigm more than it's broken already. That doesn't even require superhuman intelligence. Just mid-level human intelligence.

The current frontier is getting machine intelligence to consistently avoid random stupidity. Hallucinations, totally wrong answers, that sort of thing. "Common sense" AI is still weak.
If that can be fixed, the level at which LLMs currently operate will be superhuman.
TLDR they're at 25.5 percent. Didn't read but it seemed like it's probably a practical incremental improvement which is good.
Off topic, but: isn't user agent always a lie? Right now, mine says:

> Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

I get the evolution of how we got here but on the other hand, wtf.
Depends on what you mean by current approach as many different methods are in use.

Single junction solar cells are limited to 33.16%. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shockley–Queisser_limit

Increase the number of junctions and that goes up. Ultimately with infinite layers you can’t beat ~68.7% on earth and 86.8% when much closer to the sun.
Rust does it well with [no_std] but then seems to be dropping the ball with [restricted_std].

I recently set up an embedded-hal project for cortex-m and after some struggle, I was happy to get dynamic memory allocation and std working but the platform had a tier 2.5 support so I had to put [restricted_std] if I wanted to use it.

But that means none of your dependencies can use std unless they also declare [restricted_std]. So now I have the stdlib but none of my dependencies can use it.
A billion dollar settlement is more than enough to fuel further litigation.
This might not help you that much depending on your use case but Ubuntu Touch can do this: https://open-store.io/app/me.fredl.isodrive

...and runs on the Pixel 3a: https://devices.ubuntu-touch.io/device/sargo/
It's mysterious to me as well, but yeah after looking through the code briefly I think you define macros in the keydoggerrc file, and then keydogger watches the clipboard for triggers and responds accordingly. I love the idea, still a bit too much in the dark on the implementation to have an opinion though. Given the highly sensitive nature of the clipboard, I appreciate how small the app is because it's auditable.

OP: Cool project, thanks for sharing!
Peter Jackson turns home into replica of Bilbo's Hobbit house (2015)
> It’s retrieving the content then manipulating it. Perplexity isn’t a web browser.

So a browser with an ad-blocker that's removing / manipulating elements on the page isn't a browser? What about reader mode?
Weird. I got the impression they were using embedding models (which I think of as LLM-adjacent) but not actual LLMs. See notes here: https://simonwillison.net/2024/Jun/5/ai-features-in-microsof...
I can tell you I am excited... but when can we realistically afford solar panels with high efficiency?

If a person came by my house and said, "Yo, I can do an installation!". Those panels are like running on a 10 year old or greater design and process.
For what it's worth, Brave Search lies about their User Agent too. I found it fishy as well, but they claim that many websites only allow Googlebot to crawl and ban other UAs. I remember searching for alternative search engines and finding an article that said most new engines face this exact problem: they can't crawl because any unusual bots are blocked.

I have tried programming scrappers in the past and one thing I noticed is that there doesn't seem to be a guide in how to make a "good" bot, since there are so few bots with legitimate use cases. Most people use Chrome, too. So I guess now UA is pointless as the only valid UA is going to be Chrome or Googlebot.
On approach. I think that’s an important detail missing from the headline. Still a shocking near-miss, but it’s not like it dropped from 35,000 feet to 400 feet before correcting.
I agree with that, but I also think that they should at least identify themselves instead of using a generic user agent.
Percentages can be funny. 2 percent higher efficiency is 10 percent more output if you go from 20-22.
Don't you think that's a weird limitation though? Nobody says C++ isn't a language made to make GUI applications. If you're going to replace C++ you should probably be able to do the same things at least as well.
Main issues:

1) Schools use primarily public domain knowledge for education. It's rarely your private blog post being used to mostly learn writing blog posts.

2) There's no attribution, no credit. Public academia is heavily based (at least theoretically) on acknowledging every single paper you built your thesis on.

3) There's no payment. In school (whatever level) somebody's usually paying somebody for having worked to create a set of educational materials.

Note: Like above. All very theoretical. Huge amounts of corruption in academia and education. Of Vice/Virtue who wants to watch the Virtue Squad solve crimes? What's sold in America? Working hard and doing your honest 9 to 5? Nah.
My guess is that it's much lower. I'm having a hard time finding a LLM output logit visualizer online, but IIRC, around half of tokens are predicted with >90% confidence. There are regularly more difficult tokens that need to be predicted but the >1% probability tokens aren't so many, probably around 10-20 in most cases.

This is of course based on the outputs of actual models that are only so smart, so a tree search that considers all possibly relevant ideas is going to have a larger amount of branches. Considering how many branches would be pruned to maintain grammatical correctness, my guess is that the token-level branching factor would be around 30. It could be up to around 300, but I highly doubt that it's larger than that.
Humans are pretty optimized for intelligence. It's not the only evolutionary pressure we face but it's a pretty important one, and it's notable that we haven't seemed to get much bigger brains in hundreds of thousands of years. Given how much evolutionary pressure there is to be smarter, evolution could probably find a solution bipedalism/baby head size problem. Moreover, brains grow in size substaintially after birth. This is weak but real evidence that there's some other constraint in the mix.

The most obvious candidate is that 3 dimensions is a pretty serious constraint for a physical computer. There are a number of different ways to operate wthin this constraint, but it always ends up being a wall. I've got to fit the computing elements in a volume, those computing elements take power, and generate waste, both of which must enter and exit through the surface. Technology can maybe do a better job at solving these problems than evolution, but since evolution has a much more energy efficient way of computing, I think it is way too soon to say definitively.

The other candidate reason is more subtle. That what actually matters is the collective intelligence of humanity. Our greatest invention is the ability to communicate our knowledge, so that we don't have to start from scratch with each new human. The collective intelligence of humanity then, actually lives across 8 billion computers. Each intelligence is responsible not only for a section of the knowledge space, but for a unique representation of that knowledge space. Those unique representations correspond to unique sets of "natural" inferences, and allow humanity itself to be many many times more intelligent than our "smartest member". In this sense, what it means to be as smart as possible is similar to the question of how many proccesor cores I should put on a CPU. I believe it is not that controversial to suggest an upper limit to how complex a single CPU core should be.
I'm guessing/speculating, so don't take this too seriously... I imagine they announced it with a whimper because:

1. Likely setting expectations. Expect: minimal, annoying, malicious, compliance

2. To relieve some regulatory pressure while actually accomplishing nothing
It helps. If it's at stake whether there is infringement or not, and it comes that you were looking at a photograph of the protected work while working on yours (or any other type of "computer assistance") do you think this would not make for a more clear cut case?

That's why clean room reverse engineering and all of that even exists.
I considered it but for my business there are more opportunities in NYC especially since I'm not looking for VC funding. NYC is way more fun than the bay anyways. SF is alright but everywhere else is so boring, suburban, and overpriced.
No, we have not. Half of the current cost is due to installation and labor, so any weight reductions will have a huge impact on cost. Perovskite solar cells have the opportunity to have a 10 X weight reduction.
> AI companies are run by people who will loot your place when you're not looking and charge you for access to your own stuff.

Funnily enough they do understand that having your own product used to build a competing product is uncool, they just don't care unless it's happening to them.

https://openai.com/policies/terms-of-use/

> What you cannot do. You may not use our Services for any illegal, harmful, or abusive activity. For example [...] using Output to develop models that compete with OpenAI.
Show HN: Python Polars nightly build for everyone
Building Polars is cumbersome, Nightly Builds is a premium Polars feature. Here’s a simple CI building it from main, and providing binaries for all platforms.
Computers are not people. Laws differ and consequences can be different based on the actor (like how minors are treated differently in courts). Just because a person can do it does not automatically mean those same rights transfer to arbitrary machines.
I really don't see this as that big of an issue with Perplexity per se, as sources are cited in the content. Users can still opt to visit relevant sources.