skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Maybe it was only used as the `all in progress group` sentinel because it was used by the kernel and could never be the pid of a userspace process?

There's no reason that Unix couldn't have defined `PID_ALLPROCGRP = -2` instead.

I mean, what do you think came first the development of Unix? The pid taken by the kernel thread used for scheduling, or a special value to a syscall when someone realised "hey, maybe being able to kill the entire process group would be handy. What spare values do we have we can use to indicate that?"

(And remember, POSIX codified existing practice. Unices don't use pid 0 for a reason because POSIX says so; POSIX says so because that's what Unices did)
Science is a powerful tool.
Not just perhaps wrongly, definitely wrongly by NASA's own late security analysis, which led to the early discontinuation of the Shuttle program. The Space Shuttle is a major reason why the security standards for human rating anything is now much higher than for initially human rating the Space Shuttle.
Sounds like almost as much fun as commenting on hacker news
"Golden Ratio Yoshimura" for Meta-Stable and Reconfigurable Deployment
The word basically means that you must follow the best practice at first. Then break the practice for the actual matter by intention. Finally, make your own way.

Important part is to learn the best practice intensively before you break the rule.
And it helps to know people. The one time I went through a publisher it was pretty much by accident because I had dinner with the appropriate acquisitions person and the managing director and then we ironed out details when I was in London a couple months later.

I was intending to write the book anyway but wasn't planning on going through a publisher.

Didn't make any material money but it was very useful professionally.
> Accountability is what they fear the most -- and they will face it in spades!

We're flagging your comment because it is entirely unrelated to the topic and most people capable of reading it can determine that you're trying to be inflammatory. We refuted your nonsense rhetoric one time already, we're not going to bother paying attention to you if you don't want to expand the dialogue you pretend to care about.
Is this a jab at floodplains?
You can probably skip nhs.uk and go straight to uk.gov's writing guidelines themselves:

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/writing-for-gov-u...
I would argue adding JavaScript on top of Laravel will make you slower. You can use Blade as the templating engine (or how JS people would call "Server Side Rendering" but which has been default for most full stack frameworks). Otherwise you need to create 2 additional interfaces, one for backend and one for frontend. And an additional layer of error handling.

I personally prefer Symfony over Laravel because of it's modularity and extensibility, but Laravel has the edge on getting started quickly and available SaaS features (such as billing modules and stuff).

If you need SPA-ish features, you could use htmx and if you need some on-site interactivity, I like Alpine.js.
Loads of industries use hits to pay for the entire rest of the industry with the “for the art” stuff often at best making small returns.

It’s even true in tech. Most VC backed companies fail but the few mega-successes fund the entire ecosystem.
There are many LAN WEB applications in small and medium-sized organizations and home networks, such as the home router WEB management console and the redmine project management software used by small businesses. These software were originally designed to be used in a secure and controllable LAN. But many times we need to access these WEB applications outside the LAN through the Internet. For this scenario, large enterprises usually use VPN to superimpose some security devices to solve this problem, including building a VPN system, deploying firewalls, WAF, IPS, etc. For small and medium-sized organizations and home users, this solution is not only costly, but also complex to manage and operate, requiring professionals and services. In response to this situation, ZTM provides ztapp software, which provides secure, efficient, and easy-to-use intranet WEB application access capabilities.
So much whitespace, I'm at a loss of what's where.
localhost

I do all my best work on it.
Adding UTF-8 support in 2024 is hardly second system syndrome. Note that these re-implementations generally try to be compatible with the original rather than starting with a completely new vision, another sign that we're not suffering from SSS here.
> I'm inclined to think the serious stuff is all Celsius and SI units and Fahrenheit is used in the social write ups [...]

There are two photos in this article which show thermometers (search for "Temperature of the "), which clearly are in Fahrenheit (the scale goes from 20 to over 140, which would be from "comfortable room temperature" to "beyond boiling at normal pressure" if it were in Celsius), and both having a printed label "EACH LINE: 2°f" (with lowercase F for some reason) glued below them. So, at least for this water treatment plant, it seems to be using Fahrenheit for the instrumentation.
"Easy to extend" arguably means including more abstraction and making things more general than they need to be merely for solving the current problem. There is a trade-off here.
> Every time I imagine climbing the Eiger in hobnail books, my palms sweat.

My guess is that they were using Tricouni [1] nails in their boots, by all accounts they work well over a different range of conditions to a rubber sole and crampon combination.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricouni
These features all sound great, but it's still extending PDF "upwards" from a quite low-level, representation-focused format.

For most content PDFs are used today, I'd much prefer extending something like ePub "downwards" with stylesheets, rendering hints etc. – that can all just be thrown out by an accessibility- or readability-focused viewer.

Yet, the PDF ecosystem is so large at this point, and so many organizations are still tied to skeuomorphic ideas focused around printed pages of text, that I can't see it happen anytime soon. I just hope that at least academia figures something out.

ArXiv's recent HTML efforts [1] are a great step in that direction, but as I understand it, they still use PDF as their main ingestion format.

[1] https://blog.arxiv.org/2023/12/21/accessibility-update-arxiv...
Dude calm down. The only point in making is that making the "okay" hand sign doesnt mean ur affiliated with a white power movement.

Im not justifying racism.

God people on the internet are fucking braindead when it comes to politics.
You get that data for "free" or your hand over your browser data - and likely location data, to unknown third party brokers that know more about you than you know about yourself. Weather apps in particular are notorious for selling your location data, since everyone does "show weather for my current location".

It's "free" in the worst sense of the word.
You're missing the forest for the trees. The primary factor influencing warming is CO2 emissions. The rate of emissions is expected to peak in 2024. That's much better than earlier worst case models that were based on continually increasing emissions.

So yes, the models miscalculated some secondary factors. But the primary factor is still primary.
'Roaring Kitty' could not save GameStop as meme stock tanks
I’m a regular software dev but I’ve had to do ML stuff by necessity.

I wonder how “real” ML people deal with the stochastic/gradient results and people’s expectations.

If I do ordinary software work the thing either works or it doesn’t, and if it doesn’t I can explain why and hopefully fix it.

Now with ML I get asked “why did this text classifier not classify this text correctly?” and all I can say is “it was 0.004 points away to meet the threshold”, and “it didn’t meet it because of the particular choice of words or even their order” which seems to leave everyone dissatisfied.
Fuck you and your thought-crime mentality. Im not perpetuating racism. Read my comments again, if you think its appropriate to accuse me of that over the comments I made, than you have truly lost the plot.
From Dec to Feb mine is shaded by trees (sun doesn't get to high altitude here in Winter at 42N). The battery got pretty far down, but the unit went into low power mode and kept working fine, as far as I can tell. It's back up to full battery since March. I may move it up to a higher and sunnier location.
Packages are installed into your system. May bio packages (bioconductor, etc) are difficult to run in any other way outside of a system install. So outside of running everything in a container, it is difficult to maintain a project level dependency versions.

No regard is given (by default) to install specific versions of a package. They just install the latest. So your build from 2 years ago will almost certainly be different, sometimes in important ways, from your build today, even if you used the same packages.

This says nothing as to R's suitability to help maintain bio-scientist's accuracy through the process. Often times they will just dump data to R data files, which are opaque to version control and difficult to read outside of the R environment, because the data files often contain references to types defined in packages, thus to decode the data you have to have the correct R packages installed. This makes reading it in an external environment infeasible.

R has many useful packages that just exist and work. But the verification and versioning, and reproducible system, is to me, makes it something to acutely avoid.
I have some remote forest land I would love to set some sensors up on. I just need to know exactly what to buy to gather the data, power it with solar, and send the data back via cellular signal.

Unfortunately it's too remote to have any sort of internet signal beyond cellular at the moment.

I'd appreciate any and all ideas folks have, assuming I'm willing to drop a few grand without blinking.

Additionally, it's in an area with wildfire smoke part of the year and id love to have AQI monitoring.
Can't recall the exact timeline but:

- I think Free had it since forever and a half, although IIRC it was some weird 6rd or something. Freebox v6 (2011) for sure had it, v5 (2006) may had supported it from the start and for sure supported it down the road, I think v4 could have had it too through an update at least but honestly can't recall.

- Orange in France had a public opt-in experiment for native IPv6 over ADSL to which I enrolled at the time.

- Then I lost IPv6 because I moved to a cable operator which did not support DOCSIS 3.0 (a requirement for IPv6 on cable connections) at the time.

- After that FTTH rolled out and basically every ISP provided native IPv6 on it from the get go.

Non-biz IPv6 support in France is sitting in the ballpark of 99% these days, both residential and mobile. National regulations helped a lot. Residentially there has been a huge plan towards a national FTTH rollout, including in remote areas (the idea being that no one should be cast aside of a full speed internet); this plan also had specific requirements to enforce competition to prevent regional or local monopolistic situations such as the one that historically happened with cable operators (or like the ones I keep hearing about in the US). For mobile it was simpler: you want a radio license for 5G? you have to support IPv6, or else.
‘owing largely’ is doing a lot of heavy lifting here have you been to the US or Japan?
Hey there, savvy business folks! Ever wondered if you could skyrocket your business to millionaire status without spending on Google or Meta ads? Well, hold onto your hats because I’m about to drop some knowledge bombs on you that’ll make your head spin faster than a Beyblade on caffeine!
I don't think that this is the bet. The bet is that the market will not discount the extra repair/maintenance costs that the buyer will have to incur, which is a ridiculous proposition. Speculators gain nothing from letting the property they own rot away.
From what I know, they started as a battery manufacturer and entered the car market by purchasing a small car manufacturer. I'll see if I can find a good article.
> You: If these tools are not ideal, what is a better tool?

I am sure there's the word rust in there somewhere ;-) After all, HN has been raving about polars.
Dude its fucking WILD that you are all over this thread calling me a racist for defending the "okay" sign, yet you are straight up dropping N bombs in your comments. The fuck is your problem dude?
The fleet explanation only really makes sense for a handful of vehicle makes and models. I can't imagine fleet sales of Mazdas make much of a dent in their market, but most Mazdas are still pretty bland colors.
I appreciate that Bookshop.org, rather than Amazon (and other too-big-for-jail corporations), is the promoted vendor.
I'd like to see a link to a library aggregator, worldcat.org is the one I'm familiar with, in the interest of promoting public libraries.
It seems like you’re talking about the online maps of Jerusalem and how they don’t match the real world.

That isn’t what the article is about (despite its title)
https://imgur.com/a/zHAcpzX

I built my own using sensors from Sparkfun (also available elsewhere, it’s a pretty standard kit). It uses an ESP32 to read the sensors and submit the data to MQTT, then Node Red on a Pi to push the data to InfluxDB, and finally Grafana for visualization. I love having direct control over everything, and since I built the whole system I can easily expand it with other sensors like the Geiger counter in my garage (luckily that’s a boring sensor to watch) and simple displays:

https://imgur.com/a/FiygpoS
Financially successful writers embrace the sales and marketing game. Like you said, writing the book is only half (or less!) of the work required to get someone to read it.

That means constantly engaging their target audience, setting up booths at conventions, posting interesting content on social media, etc.

Writing for yourself is a wonderful thing. But if you do want more people to read your work, I would recommend scrapping the idea of avoiding social media and treat your social media presence like a business treats social media. For you it’s not a toxic doomscrolling app, it’s an app you use for your business during your business hours to market your business.

Let’s be real, so far you’ve basically talked about how you’ve been unwilling to do anything besides write.

> The hell now is unless you get friends and family or an agency involved to push it and market it it will languish on the 500th page of any Amazon search forever.

Sure, that will be the case if you just click publish and sit back doing nothing hoping for some sales. I sure hope my family and friends market my book for me, because I don’t want to be in social media!

And, hey, that’s fine, not everyone wants their hobby to be some kind of side business. But I sense a bit of disappointment in your comment almost like you tried everything and still haven’t gained traction, which doesn’t seem to be the case.
I love ePub, but I also have to admit that the viewer experience for non-books is really not quite there yet.

Most viewers on iOS, macOS, Linux and Android that I've tried are very tied to the idea of all ePubs being ebooks and insist on managing them in their own library, don't optimize latency to first page rendered (because they usually index and cache a bunch of stuff for a "newly opened book", assuming you'll be reading it over the course of days/weeks) etc.

For example, on macOS, the default app associated with ePub is Apple Books, but to be able to use technical papers in ePub format, I really need something like Preview.app (and that doesn't support them). (In that way, the situation is very similar to JPEG XL: macOS supports them in quick view, but only Safari can actually open them...)
This is missing the pejorative connotation I'm looking for.
Speaking about his famous Earthrise photograph, Anders said: "We came all this way to explore the Moon, and the most important thing that we discovered was the Earth."
Could you elaborate?

It’s a set of observations about “something” that behaves like matter[1], and interacts only gravitationally. There are many theories proposed but none has any real answers or solutions. The following is taken from Cern[2]:

> Many theories say the dark matter particles would be light enough to be produced at the LHC. If they were created at the LHC, they would escape through the detectors unnoticed. However, they would carry away energy and momentum, so physicists could infer their existence from the amount of energy and momentum “missing” after a collision. Dark matter candidates arise frequently in theories that suggest physics beyond the Standard Model, such as supersymmetry and extra dimensions. One theory suggests the existence of a “Hidden Valley”, a parallel world made of dark matter having very little in common with matter we know. If one of these theories proved to be true, it could help scientists gain a better understanding of the composition of our universe and, in particular, how galaxies hold together.

And thus at least whoever wrote this and the people who approved that publication agree with the notion that it is observations for which no concrete theory exists that explains them.

[1] i used “behaves like matter” in the sense that follows this definition:

> In standard cosmological calculations, "matter" means any constituent of the universe whose energy density scales with the inverse cube of the scale factor, i.e., ρ ∝ a−3 . This is in contrast to "radiation", which scales as the inverse fourth power of the scale factor ρ ∝ a−4 , and a cosmological constant, which does not change with respect to a (ρ ∝ a0). The different scaling factors for matter and radiation are a consequence of radiation redshift: For example, after gradually doubling the diameter of the observable Universe via cosmic expansion of General Relativity, the scale, a, has doubled. The energy of the cosmic microwave background radiation has been halved (because the wavelength of each photon has doubled);[51] the energy of ultra-relativistic particles, such as early-era standard-model neutrinos, is similarly halved.[d] The cosmological constant, as an intrinsic property of space, has a constant energy density regardless of the volume under consideration.[52][e]
In principle, "dark matter" means all components of the universe which are not visible but still obey ρ ∝ a−3 . In practice, the term "dark matter" is often used to mean only the non-baryonic component of dark matter, i.e., excluding "missing baryons". Context will usually indicate which meaning is intended.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

[2] https://home.cern/science/physics/dark-matter
Amazon violated UK sanctions by selling facial recognition tech to Russia
Yeah this must be half the reason. You don't want to buy an orange car because you'll possibly sell it one day and that likely restricts your market.

I think the other reason is probably that car manufacturers charge crazy amounts for non-default colours, so presumably everyone is buying the stock colours and those have to be fairly generic.
I think what he means is system programming, not application programming. But TBH I'm so sick of my DE job that I indeed don't care at all about business problems.

Sure we all need them for jobs, hey but that doesn't mean I have to love them. Would that impede my career progression? Sure, but as long as I can get into a system programming without being too close to business, I'm happy for life. Other people can climb the greasy pole, good luck for them.
My impression is that people want colorful cars, it's just that for some reason they aren't being produced. Maybe its like aisle airline seats. I saw for Volkswagen that to get a nice color you had to upgrade.
Looks like I found a debut hn comment.
Sorry, but I fail to see how owning an abandoned building is MORE profitable than having people living there and collecting rent on it, even if that means that you have to spend part of that income on maintenance costs.
In case others were curious about the term Helium ash:

Ash is the name given to the energetic alpha-particles or helium nuclei produced by fusion reactions in a deuterium-tritium plasma, even though helium bears no physical resemblance to ash from a fire.
Thank you for the info, I am glad to hear that the data is being collected and used. Getting it from raw ADS-B reports makes all fields available without the lag (and thus more useful for weather reporting and forecasting), but the recorded data is definitely good to have!
That's cool. I'm not a musk fan but also not a enemy. I'm fascinated by how much that guy is into technology and science by himself. Not on a PhD level, not on a specialists level. He's interested in what he's doing and have the right people beside him to serve him as a brain extension. Nevertheless, it's the other people making the whole work and having the whole special knowledge and doing distillery of options so musk can easily discuss and decide (together).

I think musk is more of a team-up guy than a manage-up guy in certain things. If he doesn't know a thing, he's up to change that by asking the right questions.

And just that should be taken as an example by us. Not his attitude towards.. you know what I mean. It's not the drugs I'm talking about :)

If I'm thinking about my "boss"es in the last 14 years in a technical surrounding (although not IT or CS related) - when the manager doesn't want to learn new things (of course it's wanted, but there's no brain for that left, because Excel and email is consuming to much brain power), even when nothing is understood what the company is even doing... F*ck it. Never ever I will work under such circumstances again.
God Hates Singletons
Hadn’t heard this tidbit before, but it’s definitely on brand for most other things developed in the early Microsoft era. Significant portions were heavily inspired by prior work in most cases, with some outright copied or acquired from the original source.
This short video clip quickly makes evident why SpaceX has become so dominant, now sending more than 90% of all global cargo to orbit every year.

In short: Musk is operating from first principles, questioning everything from the ground up, willing to try things that others are unwilling to consider or have not even thought of before -- there are no sacred cows. The result is that SpaceX is leaving conventionally run competitors saddled with increasingly outdated, higher cost, less scalable systems and processes.

Whenever I watch interviews of other CEOs of other space exploration companies (Boeing, Northrop Grumman, United Launch Allience, etc.) or CEOs of other satellite internet service providers (Viasat, Eutelsat OneWeb, Hughesnet, etc.), I come away with the sense they're so far behind they are not even properly competing against SpaceX.

---

PS. If you enjoyed this video clip, you'll also want to watch Musk's tour of Starbase:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t705r8ICkRw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SA8ZBJWo73E
The RPC8.5 scenario is still labelled "avoid at all costs" in the report, while research over the past two decades [1] suggests that this is the path we are actually on right now. Bear in mind that this is already a doomsday scenario, just one that even the fossil industry and politicians admit to. The real outcome is likely to be much worse.

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7443890/https:/...
I was really hoping that the build to order trend would combat this. Dealerships aren't going to have a purple car on their lot for obvious reasons. But why doesn't Tesla let you order a purple car?

Yes, it complicates Tesla's logistics, but there are people that want purple cars and that's a market opportunity for Tesla and other BTO manufacturers.
What if Microsoft is the party I do not trust?