skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Maybe? Their statement was that you should "not always add," as opposed to the much stronger "always not add."
The devil's advocate cases:

1. When duplication occurs and goes unnoticed because the natural key isn't being used, and then perhaps the problem is "corrected" by an administrator in a way that doesn't make sense.

For example, someone sets up an account with an street address A, then forgets they had it and sets up an account with street address B. They call and complain that they can't find an old order, or whatever, and the duplication is discovered. The administrator later clobbers one of the addresses but both are in use. A natural key (behaviorally speaking) may have presented the duplication, assuming address isn't part of the natural key. This can be satisfied by uniqueness constraints, etc.

2. When you are browsing the database, you see a bunch of synthetic keys and have to perform various joins to be able to see the relevant data. The synthetic keys make joins easier to write, but make may make ad-hoc queries more time-consuming and difficult.
Because it can make an assumption that the data will do nothing once it is returned.

Sure, code is data (I've written Lisp before), but code isn't just Plain Old Data because it can do stuff.
I think somewhat different than the article in some ways.

The first example is why `UPDATE CASCADE` was implemented. So it's possible to use natural keys as identity without the fear of children table. At least in most databases it works.

The drawback of enumeration is real, so if you expose this key you'll need some authentication/ authorization mecanism.

Another good thing in natural keys is that you can eliminate part of the joins. You don't have to join the father table because the key in child table is known.

I think the biggest challenge is how to map logins to people. It's very common to interpret both as the same, but they are not.
You must have missed that I didn't say other forms of history were NOT tenuous. But they're not all equal, either.

> You use what's useful for the questions you're researching

indeed. However, usefulness depends on how reliable that particular piece of evidence is.
Wow, stretch lab might have just saved my life.
I think it’s worth discussing, the absolute magnitude isn’t readily apparent otherwise and your comment helps inform a better picture. Thanks for taking the time to look into it.
I think some sort of hypertext format would be perfect for being able to go back and forth or separate windows open for poem and prose, similar to what others are suggesting with two copies of the book.
Hey looks super interesting, would definitely try it out. Having worked in a similar VC funded big Api Dev Platform, would love to hear your thoughts on how the team is planning to address eventual enshittification due to VC pressures.
It sounds like I broke your prediction if you're this confused.

Atomic matter is right there and everywhere. We didn't know about the structural details of atoms, but we knew about the bulk effects.

When the topic of discussion is signals that no current equipment can measure, there are some pretty direct analogues that might be convincing in some ways, but when it comes to something as fundamental as atoms, we were only ever lacking nuance in our knowledge. Signals like that would be a lot bigger than nuance, and our physics experiments leave a lot less room for it.
It's the ultimate case of "Some of you may die, but that is a sacrifice I am willing to make."
For those who do not know, natural keys are when you have a primary key in a database table that is derived from the data itself.

An example is using a car's chassis number as the key for the record describing that vehicle.
I’ve often wished I could show an “I know what I’m doing” badge to support to guarantee escalation.

“I’m a three star infosec General, if I’m contacting you it’s not to waste your time.”
Last I checked, Steam still has me logging in with my two decade old hotmail address as my account name. At least it's not something that shows publicly, I think.
Skilled or not, doing everything with hand tools is unending backbreaking labor.
Who Benefits from the Great Remote-Work Experiment?
Very fun! I like the sudoku/crossword mashup it creates in my mind.
> We are serious about what we do and ambitious to make a big impact, but skeptical of tech saviorism. You will not be subjected to inflated ideas about the importance of Relevant, or tech generally, relative to the broad landscape of healthcare in the U.S. or the arc of human history.

How unexpectedly refreshing. I notice you only mentioned the director role; are y'all still hiring for the other engineering roles listed?
> At first glance, seems like you could do this with linear programming instead of mixed-integer if you're ok shaving off the fractions at the end and handing them out naively. Nobody will mind getting 1-2 more chips than theoretically necessary.

You're almost certainly totally right for this problem, but in general that's one of the pitfalls in beginner mixed-integer programming implementations. Rounding a reasonable real-number solution has almost no guarantees in terms of approximate optimality or error bounds compared to the optimal integer solution.
Side note. Had to setup an Oracle development environment this week. I find the sql shell to be quite bad compared to sqlite shell. Latter can has dynamic scaling with the terminal width while former requires a manually applied fixed width assignment.

Even the HMTL5 tools where bad. Creating a table via the UI caused a right pop-out modal that did not properly utilize the web browsers view. Typing in the column name would cause the data type field to be partial visible and selecting the data type caused the column name to be partial visible.

My take, expensive solution with inferior tooling based on competition.
The vertical scrolling has the advantage that when you are watching a build go, and you see a certain step's taking a long time, it doesn't ever disappear from the terminal completely. You don't need to look through dependencies some other way and figure out which matches the thing you saw, or do a clean build to see the bottleneck again, etc.
Hi, would you be looking for support to help build the Android app?
Uhh... there is a lot more to say about Fourier series than "just that they're defined for any locally compact abelian group". Give me a break.
There another reason not mentioned — if your key is something like a UUID, it’s very easy to define the logic for joining and filtering based on that key.

If you were using some sort of string like an email address or username, you have to think about case sensitivity and trimming white space and all sorts of preprocessing and then make sure you do it consistently EVERYWHERE
Yes, I think it could probably be fixed this way, if you calculate the W coordinates appropriately.
You don't have to live like that.
So the issue here is the screen recording?

And that this app is popular with people in tech?

Would a Little Snitch block cover the risk for some?

I sometimes wonder about all the homebrew stuff devs use....
Location: Miami, FL
Remote: Yes
Willing to relocate: Yes to NYC
Technologies: React, Typescript, Node, NextJs, Zapier, SQL
Résumé/CV: Find it on michaelpichardo.com
Email: mpichardo305 at gmail
I have 3+ years of experience using React in 2 fast paced growing startups.
What isn't working for you? I've been using it for years and have no issues on the most recent versions of macOS. I don't use much of the functionality though, really only just use it to hide icons I don't care about.
To repeat: "Some Open Payments website seems incredibly untransparent, and wouldn't comply with the social media transparency requirements as I read that FTC page."
When I first saw a rewind demo my initial reaction was “good lord, don’t install that on my computer”

I was shocked to see people excited by it
I don't understand your point. All of the data is right there.
I decided to stop writing blog articles and my podcast recently. It's just a ton of work and non existent gain.

Unless I wanted to do current news and entertainment, traction is just near impossible. At some point, there's no point dreaming of how things should be, or what could be, but look at the cold hard reality that is today.
no, lol. It's a custom version of RSA complete with basically every "baby's first crypto" bug, and more.

https://github.com/iversonjimmy/acer_cloud_wifi_copy/blob/f7...
The way I think of it is a key, in a database, is a record key. It is intended to identify a particular logical record, not the logical thing which is referred to by the record.

An an footnote, I'll add this doesn't mean that you need to have complexities like record versioning, record history, or anything. But couched in those conceptual terms where those things are possible, is a happy and safe space to be. In this space, a database records entries, as if they were each a single paper form with boxes where you fill out, in pencil, to erase if you like or not, the particulars of the thing you're recording. This form comes pre-stamped with a number: the record key.

In this cozy little world, you can be imperfect, and mistakenly (or deliberately, as your use case requires), file multiple slips that refer to the same logical thing, and yet all have different file ("record") numbers - or keys.
Really? To me the murkiness seems much more dangerous. In the 90s you had a clear sense of what was "TV reality" versus what was actual reality. You would compartmentalize and take "TV reality" for what it was: A source of entertainment, not a source of information, and you would develop a mental spam filter that would prevent the messaging from getting to you. With social media, all of this is getting much harder.
I’ve been in this industry for 15 years and I’ve never had to deal with the code smell situation, in that I don’t use that term and I’ve never interacted with anyone at work who uses that term.

I think after reading this I’ll continue that habit. Putting the phrase “code smell” in a review is like using the dark side of the force: you’re just being an ass
“We are transitioning from 1.0 AI voice (phone tree) → 2.0 wave of AI voice (LLM-based).”

Please give me version 0.1 back where i can press numbers and press 0 to reach a human. I never asked for 1.0 let alone 2.0
This is what I did too. I don't think I need bartender now. A lot of the cruft can be managed by the control center and there are smart options in the control center and menu bar.

These settings looked good to me:

defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSpacing -int 5

defaults -currentHost write -globalDomain NSStatusItemSelectionPadding -int 8
I didn’t say it to be distracting. Indeed, I said it because the use of the word is distracting.

I am ambivalent on the topics in question. I could be persuaded either way by facts. But once someone reveals strong emotion motivates their argument, I am distrustful of their “facts.”

Sure, that might be quintessentially ad hominem, but we aren’t talking about mathematical proofs here. There is no indisputable proof. It’s just hearts and minds.

I’m not offended nor immature. I’m not tone policing. Speak and believe whatever you want. I was just commenting that I find that tone unpersuasive.

Just like I find the hypocrisy of calling me immature in the same comment that you lambast me for an ad hominem attack unpersuasive.

Anyhow, good luck storming the castle.
A synthetic key is adding an additional dataum - so any problem that could be solved with the original data can be solved by the new data too (worst case, ignore the primary key). That is one of the best reasons to add a proper index - there is almost literally no downside. We're talking maybe a few bytes/record and arguably a trivial amount of administrative overhead.

Bearing that in mind:

1. Add a unique constraint on the natural key.

2. If the accuracy of joining by natural key is acceptable, join based on it. If that doesn't work, then a table design without a synthetic key wouldn't be fit for purpose either.
Batman was a parody of cop shows, and his utility belt was part of the joke. Get Smart did similar things to lampoon spy movies.

The Munsters had a running gag where Herman would look into a mirror and it would shatter. I'd still laugh every time.
> For consumers, voice agents can provide access to human-grade services without the need to pay or “match with” an actual human. Currently, this includes therapists, coaches, and companions — in the future, this is likely to encompass a much broader range of experiences built around voice. Like most other consumer software, the “winners” will be unpredictable!

So we're sacrificing the future we were promised: electronic systems communicating with electronic system with 100% certainty of interaction and some kind of specification for their behaviour, with AI models known for some % of margin of error and hallucination that interact with human-level electronic services.

I'm not saying this isn't useful, I'm just wondering: where on earth did we go wrong?!

Why do we make computers do things that humans are good at and find easy, and then offload all of the easily-mechanizable work* to humans? This truly is a horrifying reality to have wake up in. Not even the science fiction writers of the last century could have imagined that we would have fabulous computers with capabilities beyond their imagination, but through a cascade of social errors completely misapply them?!

* - in this case i am thinking mostly of office workers, who spend a lot of time transferring physical documents that were printed out, to electronic form, that workers in another office will transfer back to a physical form again. Quite a lot of work could be completely eliminated with either a punch card / barcode system, or just "the internet"
Not really. Even in the case where every single app has a good reason to have a menu bar icon, but you're still left with the fact that macOS doesn't let you manage them.
> Simplifying the tech stack would probably require simplifying their business operations, which probably means less revenue.

I don't understand this perspective. Simplifying the tech stack might mean taking multiple services in multiple languages, and deprecating some in favor of migrating that functionality to the most maintainable codebase. This shouldn't mean "simplifying their business operations", or affecting their business operations in any way.
Bad weather hills and dark deter cyclists, particularly women, what can we do?
FYI, you can use the Keyboard preferences page in System Settings to assign things like “lock screen” (I forget exactly what it’s called) to a key (F15 I think I used).

I don’t know if Restart or Shutdown are allowable choices.
You think your surrogate key will save you? It will not. The world has an external reality that needs to be reflected in your database. If the unique identifier for your object — VIN, CUSIP, whatever — if it changes, the world will henceforth refer to it by both. You will need to track both. Adding a synthetic key only means you have to track all three. Plus you have to generate a meaningless number, which is actually a choke point in your data throughput.

The natural key forces you to think about what makes the row unique. What identifies it. Sometimes, it makes you go back to the SME and ask them what they mean. Sometimes it makes you reconsider time: it’s unique now, but does it change over time, and does the database need to capture that? In short, what are the boundaries of the Closed World Assumption? You need to know that too, to answer any "not exists" question.

To use our professor’s car’s example, we actually do not know the database design. It could well be that the original identifier remained the primary key, and the "new id" is entered as an alias. The ID is unique in the Car table, identifying the vehicle, and is not in the CarAlias table, where the aliases are unique.

Oh, you say, but what if the bad old ID gets reused? Good question. Better question: how will the surrogate key protect you? It will not. The reused ID will be used to query the system. Without some distinguishing feature, perhaps date, it will serve up duplicates. The problem has to be handled, and the surrogate key is no defense.

Model your data on the real world. Do not depend on spherical horses.
These investor pieces on emerging technology with their “thesis” and “disruption” feels so forced to me. It’s 50% talking their book, and 50% the VC version of having a tool and looking for a problem for it to solve. I’m starting to believe if the deliverable is a “thought piece”, the creators are just trying to wear the emperors clothes.
Why wound you visit a "few sites" when you can visit thousands?

> you have no way of knowing how significant it is in terms of how many sites/user/visits it affects

The way of knowing is getting site visiting statistics

> I'm a big fan of looking at actual performance data

And you'd be looking at exactly that - actual performance data on representative hardware on representative websites, but with more flexibility and more data available given the fact both parts are yours and you can collect anything without any privacy concerns
Why do your idiosyncrasies trump his?
Go and read those threads.
I've been saying this in jest for years.

KMS is a money printing racket for AWS. It only really helps you if someone walks out of a data center with your hard drive. For everything else the attackers are just going to get your IAM creds which have open access to all your keys.
It seems our commitment to safety is impairing the delivery of effective treatments to patients with debilitating diseases.
Growth yes, the systemic changes to share that growth among the populace, no. That was his legacy.
What incentives used to be present that are no longer around now?
Greetings, digital adventurers! Today, we embark on an exciting journey into the world of "Pufferfish Frenzy," a groundbreaking web3 game created by the innovative team at Mymetanomics. Join us as we dive into this immersive NFT experience, exploring the ever-changing landscape of the crypto universe.
Social Media is only required to do that because of the EU. the US have no laws that require this.
Well if at least not to blame then being used as laundering for price fixing
Another example that happens surprisingly often in healthcare. A registration clerk will incorrectly enter a personal health number (PHN) into the system. Then the actuall holder of that PHN shows up. If this were the PK then the system just wouldn’t handle this case and the reg clerk would have a huge mess to sort out on the spot. A surrogate key on the Person table allows this registration to be made where 2 people have the same PHN in the system. Then cleanup can be handled after the fact to track down the first person, determine their correct PHN and update the record.
Dave Ratt builds a Mid-side Speaker
Women were initially against segregated bathrooms though
Betteridges Law in action. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headli...
Can you elaborate a bit more why render is good? we are on heroku and I have evaluated alternatives every 6 months since heroku/github outage 2 years ago [1]. But I don't see how render is better. 2 years ago render postgres did not have PITR. now they have build it, but Render's postgres offering is even more expensive than heroku, and queries run a bit slower on similar spec machines based on my test. I also don't like render charges per seat in addition to infra cost.

[1] https://status.heroku.com/incidents/2413
Yes, but if you then reference that as a foreign key in some other table or system, then whatever migration you need to do will encompass those systems as well, whereas if you use a synthetic key from the start you wouldn't need to change them.
Those are some great advices to follow thanks
I've accidently done this (email bankruptcy) a couple of times recently. We use Outlook at work and the "Mark All as Read" button is right next to the "Run Rules Now" button. After a few minutes of shock and trying to remember what was what, it was very liberating!
I strongly prefer realtime chat platforms, so I encourage people to DM me rather than email me as much as possible. But I could hardly begrudge someone making the opposite request!
If you're asking someone for help, it would be nice if you asked in a way that's most convenient for them.
if something involves China, the topic will turn to politics or something else, but the real question is: how to stop the stealer and why this can safely ship to China
> how about a personal identification number? In Denmark we have the CPR number, and I understand that the US Social Security Number is vaguely analogous.

The US SSN is not guaranteed to be unique, the SSN assigned to a person could change, there is no guarantee that a person with an SSN assigned to them is a US citizen, and there is no guarantee that a US citizen has an SSN - they must be requested, and you don’t need one unless you do something that requires having one. There are also things called ITINs and ATINs that look like an SSN but are not, yet can be used in place of an SSN in a huge range of SSN-required situations!

(Please don’t use the SSN as a database key!)
Ask HN: Should I Use the Root User for Backing Up Linux Server?
When doing partial backups (e.g., /etc, /home, /data), is it better to create a dedicated user for backups or to use the root user?

Currently, I'm using a dedicated user with ACL permissions, but I've run into two issues:

1. Some files, like the private keys in /etc/ssh, need to have permissions set to 600. Forcing ACLs changes permissions to 640, making SSH login impossible.

2. After setting ACL permissions on a directory, newly added files don't retain those ACL permissions.

Using the root user seems to provide excessive permissions. How do you handle this in your practice?
I didn't like the Catelyn Stark resurrection, either. My interest in the books waned at that point, and I didn't finish it.

I liked the GoT where it was about human power plays, action, politics, intrigue, alliances, betrayal, love, death, etc. Suddenly mixing random magic into a well established structure just didn't work for me.
George Clooney Foundation to seek arrest of Russian propagandists
Makes me wish we could do proper punishment adjustment, taking into account the percentage of criminals punished, using this app. Let's say punishment X would deter phone theft. Now take the phones stolen, and how many are recovered with criminals punished, 1 in N. To actually deter theft, the punishment needs to be X*N; I'm pretty sure for realistic X (e.g. 6 months in jail?) and N (huge), the proper punishment is death. Every now and then, track one random phone thief down using these apps, and execute them with some fanfare (I use the term "them" loosely; more like, "it"). Deter phone theft, and also make the world a better place.
As for why the Riemann Hypothesis itself is interesting, it is because this zeta function seems to have information about the primes inside it.

The eye opener for me is when a video about it connected the idea of the zeta function to how you might create a square wave by adding successive sine waves (of higher and higher frequency).

Imagine a function (call it `prime_count`), which gives you the number of prime numbers below it's argument.

If you tried to plot this function on a graph, it will look like a series of jaggard steps - a jump when you reach a new prime number. It turns out, if you rewrite the zeta function and decompose it (into it's infinitely many zeros - akin to doing a "taylor series" expansion for other functions), you will find that the more zeros you use, the closer you will get to a jaggard graph.

This video is really good at giving a visual explanation : https://youtu.be/e4kOh7qlsM4?t=594
This one is easy, within a year, as safe as GPT-4 and it will be an incremental advance over 4. Most people will use it and not see much difference over GPT-4.
Contexts is a great (proprietary) app but I forgot it even had this functionality! To me, that's the least useful thing it does.