skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Synthetic key is the easiest choice. Because the primary key in one table is going to be foreign key in another table. If I have an employee table I can use their email address as the key but then I will have to use the email in any other table that references employee table, such as salary table, days off table and so on.

Most of the times using an auto incrementing integer or UUID is just fine.

In NOSQL there's usually a synthetic ID used to uniquely identify a document, I've never seen people using natural keys or compound keys.
An intergenerational crime against humanity
It's incredible how short-sighted and an echo-chamber HN has become. The comments to this article are of zero-substance and just re-writes of talking points pushed out a hundred times.

A bunch of straw-man arguments ("See they argued in support of the risks of something I don't care about or think is important, therefore there are no risks at all").

False motivations ("It's just OpenAI trying to capture the market"), while almost 70% of the people signing the letter don't work for OpenAI.

Absolutely absurd thoughts: "Do they want to be working on something capable of 'human extinction'?"

And from people who supposedly work in tech, but somehow are suddenly incapable of grasping the difference in scale of impact that automating something for extremely low cost has on society. "We always had these risks in society, so this is nothing new". Completely ignoring the difference in for example having to travel to to basement archives of every small town in the country to read through papers to research something vs having all of that information at the tips of your fingers.

I don't think I've ever read any set of responses on HN that I've been more disappointed in. And not necessarily because I disagree with them, but because of how little critical thought when into them.

I think there will be a time where we'll look back at comments like these in response to this concern as being absolutely painfully naive.
A world with high levels of inequality is also a world where power is highly concentrated, which makes the focus of the majority largely irrelevant... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
That's true, but I'm not sure such a link has ever been established. Is there any study that has found measurable variance in cancer or infection outcomes based on differences in mental outlook?
What you complain about is a false-negative error: an engineer with 15 years of experience can't pass these tests unless he prepares for 3 more days. That can sometimes happen, yes.

The initial stated problem was different: false-positives, bad engineers practicing for 6 weeks will pass the test. That I seriously doubt is a real thing. If they managed to learn that fast, they must be good. They could be junior-good -- that's perfectly fine, you need to hire juniors too. You don't judge seniority solely based on leetcode results.
AI safety is huge grift, worse than NFTs. Just pull the plug if it gets out of control lmao
Thanks! I have no idea—unfortunately, very few Hindus maintain the Vedic fire rites. There are also no active central authorities on matters of Vedic ritual. The only plan of now is to use this interpretation in my own yajña practice.
What's the intended purpose of the system alerting you when you're out of town?
Apple? I believe the X925 has better IPC than the M4, and better geek bench scores. They don't particularly compete though since you can't buy a M4 CPU without buying a rather expensive system. Not like the M4 is going to have any non-apple design wins.
Parent seems to care more about 'not polluting something i see all the time'.

Typical of our society, we want to make everything someone else's problem.

I guess we deserve some of the SaaS enshittification and it's spending obesity ;-)
I actually am beginning to worry about this from a scientific publishing point of view. Yeah I know there’s editorial board meetings where articles are discussed for publication, but given that the content is being pushed out increasingly through algorithmic channels (google scholar, social media, pubmed search, researchsquare), I have to wonder how much choices are made to optimise for the channels. What are the metrics editorial decisions are measured by? Does channel performance factor in?
We've had this discussion already. Get your business off the ground by staying simple and non-optimize ; if there ever comes a time where it becomes necessary to the health of the company then you should have the means to introduce scalability at that point. If you don't then it means your business model doesn't work as well as you thought it did.

(Of course this doesn't mean you should charge ahead without thinking about the future at all. If you can make something scalable at a very low cost of implementation/maintenance, go ahead but growth should take precedence.)
This feels very complicated and a lot like yak shaving. I would have just created a programmed shader with some n-D perlin noise on top.

Effects like swirl etc are easy, and you can use a range of parameters for the noise input: polar angle, azimut, time, 3d coordinates, ...
Configuration could be easy by adding things like hue etc
I was light on money but blessed with practicality, so I bought a used Corolla with over 200k miles and I drove it to over 350k miles. And I sold it for not that much less than I paid for it (if you exclude inflation).

No scandal is going to change the lived experience. Toyota produces cars that last forever with the smallest amount of issues. I owned a Chevy for a brief amount of time and it was the worst car I ever had, the entire thing felt like it was held together with cheap glue. I've owned many Toyotas and their quality is exceptional.
This would be a great companion tutorial to a text book. I loved the animations and the interactive animations. It could use some proofreading, however.
> The raids come a day after Toyota chairman Akio Toyoda apologised to customers and car enthusiasts.
He bowed deeply and held the position for a few seconds, which is customary in Japan when companies apologise for wrongdoing.

Slightly better than just "taking full responsibility" in an email written by PR team. But where's the sword?
> price is the cost of extracting the CO2 from the atmosphere again

It's actually interesting not only because it encourages people not to emit carbon, it also encourage research for CO2 scrubber. If the price is attached to the current cheapest mass CO2 extractor then those people will be incentivized to have it even cheaper.
Location: Ahmedabad GJ, very flexible with working hours, can accommodate most timezones, experienced remote worker.
Remote: Yes
Willing to relocate: No
Technologies: Sales, Operations, and Project manager
Résumé/CV:https://www.linkedin.com/in/dhvanit-p-77572b182/
Email: dhavnit.makasana@gmail.com
The Amiga is still alive. Most of the patents expired allowing projects like this.
You are, of course, absolutely right. I nonetheless think it may have value for some people to understand where the deviations from that simplifying assumption lie, and at least understand the stakes.

Now, I may be biased, because I work in imaging-for-humans, and I've had many a conversations with engineers about why a particular simplification doesn't work for, e.g., filmmakers, but I think that even for purely technical disciplines, understanding the assumptions that go into the pinhole model can be useful. At the margins. Which sometimes matter.
That stuff that disappears, do you have means to patch and rebuild it?

Otherwise, you're directly heading for a nasty surprise at the worst moment.
Note that this scandal practically encompasses the entire Japanese car industry at this point and probably a bit more.

This latest round involves five companies: Toyota, Mazda, Honda, Suzuki, and Yamaha. An earlier round involved Daihatsu, Subaru, and I think Mitsubishi if I'm remembering correctly.

When traditional car makers are potentially facing existential crises, this really should not have happened and in Japan no less.
Yeesh. I once made the mistake of using an external ID as a primary key. What a day it was when they were changed on me.
It's why I don't understand the theory behind ProtonMail. If I don't hold my key what even is the point?
GPT gave me this, which seems to work when I ran it:

public void DrawSphere(int centerX, int centerY, int radius, double angle)
{
for (int y = -radius; y <= radius; y++)
{
for (int x = -radius; x <= radius; x++)
{
if (x * x + y * y <= radius * radius)
{
double z = Math.Sqrt(radius * radius - x * x - y * y);

double xRot = x * Math.Cos(angle) - z * Math.Sin(angle);
double zRot = x * Math.Sin(angle) + z * Math.Cos(angle);

double u = 0.5 + (Math.Atan2(zRot, xRot) / (2 * Math.PI));
double v = 0.5 - (Math.Asin(y / (double)radius) / Math.PI);
int textureX = (int)(u * _textureWidth) % _textureWidth;
int textureY = (int)(v * _textureHeight) % _textureHeight;

Rgba32 color = _texture[textureX, textureY];
SetPixel(centerX + x, centerY + y, color);
}
}
}
}
Ask HN: Is Google Dead?
Why do I need Google if it only shows results from Reddit? If you can just go to reddit and do search there?
Understanding continuous profiling: part 2
Read part 2: https://blog.blackfire.io/understanding-continuous-profiling...
The Rayleigh criterion gives a limiting resolution assuming monochromatic light. The quoted 16 mas is a demonstrated resolution for a broadband filter. So, I was ballparking things and they have achieved an awesome result for a relatively short wavelength! That resolution is just achieved for the inner 1 arcsec of the image, though.
Read part 1: https://blog.blackfire.io/understanding-continuous-profiling...
But do you really think the runtime probe is less effective in an environment where you have a good way of interacting with the program at runtime? Or is it just bad tools tainting the experience?

Because I find that in a good dynamic environment, it's easier to figure out how to use something complex when compared to trying to uncover how and why the types line up.

The absolute extreme being something like smalltalk, where you just guess how it should be used and then fix it in the debugger until it works.
As a junior dev decades ago I was once asked to change a perfectly good database (with integer IDs) to use natural keys, so to look up (or SQL join to) a particular office for instance your query would filter on Country, City and Street with the expectation that you get one result.

This was the dumbest technical decision I have ever been asked to be a part of.
Text on screen can be more confidential than text on disk.
It would help if articles explained why software cannot interfere with the path from camera or microphone to the light. What quality of "exclave" is needed to do this, that simpler wiring and voltage checking chips can't do.
That doesn't sound like a good idea. In particular the swapped notation `2024-05D-06M` allowed? Otherwise added suffixes purely exist to aid audiences, but that crucially depend on their background knowledge and English-based suffixes are not international enough. (Compare with ISO 8601 week date, where weekday is indicated by a single-digit letter and an additional letter `W` can be technically omitted for many cases.) If we can assume English, `2024-JUN-05` would be an even more clear alternative.
A specific example of where it's useful to know the underlying mechanics: for very wide angle lenses, you will typically get brightness falloff at the edges due to a phenomenon called the cos^4 phenomenon (https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/39/jresv39n3p213_A1b....).

This is often elided by camera systems, that apply a gain to peripheral pixels to correct for this phenomenon. If you understand imaging, you will expect that, and understand why, for example, your wide angle lens displays a lower signal-to-noise ratio for a given illumination value than you might otherwise expect at the edges of the image.

This is a really specific example, but there are dozens. Imaging is its own deep, technical field that is abstracted, and occasionally obscured, by the pinhole model.
In the example given, the most logical natural key to me would be (year, rank). Why otherwise would they have the year in there?
Conversely, certain queries can be much faster by using natural keys when the FK is all that you need in the result rather than additional fields in the primary table. In this case, the primary table doesn't need to be queried at all. This doesn't generally overcome the benefits of synthetic keys, but it is an optimization sometimes put into practice.
At 1300 ppm strato-cumulus clouds can no longer form. [0] Losing those is a +8C temperature increase alone. [0]

At that approx +3ppm/yr, it would be about 300 years before we are there. Which is about 10 human generations, which is roughly the grandchildren of your grandchildren's grandchildren.

At +8 on top of wherever the temp is then, my understanding is that is effectively talking runaway greenhouse effect and a hothouse earth.

To make it more grim, the ocean has been acting as a carbon dioxide and heat sponge, and is possibly getting saturated. The rate of human emission increases is only starting to level (still increasing though [going from recollection, please correct me if wrong]). And to make things even more grim, that is still not counting other feedback loops like permafrost melting and boreal forests burning.

[0] https://www.sciencealert.com/high-levels-of-co2-could-stop-t...
Adding to the list of comments damning this post to ensure none of my future colleagues follow this advice.

> You think your surrogate key will save you? It will not.

It definitely will, say my 20+ years of experience.
Contrary to popular belief, if you try to rob a bank but end up not having a net profit due to a low score and high costs, like if your getaway car breaks down, it’s still illegal. Also if you rob a bank but it ends up having less than average robbery losses for the year, the robbery is still illegal.

Collusion is criminal, it does not matter if you make money on it or not, or if “the market could bear the costs of our collusion” or “the collusion was only possible because of other market inefficiencies”
"Its usage and the data it collects are not malicious or done to track you."

There is tracking also for ad purposes activated by default in firefox. A recent developement. Before the tracking was ocasionally and hidden under "studies". Firefox in its default settings spies on its users and sells this data to advertisers - that is the situation.

On the frontpage FF is advertised as privacy friendly and there is 0 indication that FF itself will also track you.

If that is transparent to you, than we can just agree to disagree.
I already understand, that's why I wrote I understood.
>But where's the sword?

Considering this is the second round of controversy stemming from an earlier round last year, and the LDP and Kishida administration are facing an almost certain wipe out in the next general election, I suspect the book thrown will be heavy and sharp.
Yes. Ultimately, "are these the same" and "are these different" are philosophical questions. Or to be more precise, teleological questions.

Because those questions have no meaning except with an "for our purposes here" added. And it's up to us to decide what we care about, if anything.

If we care about what other people want with the data though, or suspect that our own wants might not be set in stone, then we should also care to model identity independently in the system (that is, use surrogate keys).
I wonder if there can be a more efficient language to interrogate relational databases. By efficiency I mean both performance and less complexity.
How Coreweave is using its Nvidia ties to challenge cloud computing giants
translation snafu, definitely meant artificial sweetener
Or does it ? Drawing on a parallel from my experience in NLP during the early 2000s, the field was largely dominated by linguists trying to grok language and structuring rules manually. However, the most significant advancements came when we shifted towards using massive datasets to train models, without requiring explicit, deep linguistic knowledge.

Similarly, maybe the next frontier in 3D vision is employing large datasets to train a black-box AI without us having to understand and get the math right.
https://archive.is/EgCag
> Comments in this thread are actually discounting the threat of Amazon personnel, GCS personnel, etc., as if that threat was zero.

Thank you for this comment, this continuously blows my mind.

If one hands over cleartext data to some third party, one must assume they will abuse it. They might not, but "might" is not a convincing control in a threat model. If they can, one must assume they will. And plan accordingly.

Sure, sometimes it is ok. But any threat model that assumes a third party that could abuse the data but will never do so, is flawed.

It is vital to remember two things: Even if one 100% trusts the current management of a company to do No Evil, management can change. Second, regardless of managment, a company is subject to subpoenas and NSLs, so your data will be handed over.

If you don't directly control the generation, storage and usage of all encryption keys, your data is effectively in the clear.
Scientists appear to optimise for citations because that's how they're "measured" against others. The quality and innovation of the research almost doesn't matter if it won't get citations, so you must publish something around what other people are working on, not on what you believe there's more chances of progress.
To get citations, you also need to "play SEO" on those research search engines, of course (which is why every research paper uses as many buzzwords as they can fit in it), or make sure you have mutual agreements with "friends" to cite each other in every possible publication. Most heads of departments require everyone to cite their work on everything they publish.
It's a wonder that with such a idiotic system (ironically coming from our brightest educational institutions) science still manages to make any progress at all.
Google Chrome Deadline–72 Hours to Update or Delete the Browser
This seems to be a continuation of the whole Daihatsu bullshit storm, and doesn't effect us Americans, and from what I can tell, doesn't effect domestic Japanese models either.

From the article: "Japanese carmakers Honda, Mazda and Suzuki are also due to be inspected by the authorities over the same issue."; those are all major Daihatsu customers pre-Toyota acquisition.

Toyota is essentially being forced to fall on a sword they acquired and no actual corporate wrongdoing (by American standards) seem to have occurred by Toyota executives; all the fault seems to lie entirely at Daihatsu's feet.

Sucks, because a lot of people are going to shy away from what is probably the best car brand in the US, and the only major car company left manufacturing US market cars in the US.

(Why do I specifically phrase it that way? The Big 3 sell most of their US-made cars in Europe with the only actually notable exception being some members of the F150 series; almost all of the Toyota cars sold in the NA market are US and Canadian made.)
After extra checking, yes, they hack around a lack of infrastructure on kernel through tricks with setting nice values - I do know of patches that implement more, but they ultimate never got upstreamed
I’ve just always considered natural keys public keys, and added a surrogate key as private key.

From the outside you won’t see it, but internally it saves a lot of headaches.

Space, speed, migrations, I have just never seen an actual downside to using a surrogate.

And if you are absolutely sure, add some unique constraints. Easier to change when you inevitably have to.

Mainly; I’ve learned that my initial assumptions are never correct.
Nice! I had been using self-hosted arm runners for my projects lately (which GitHub makes surprisingly easy to do): https://docs.github.com/en/actions/hosting-your-own-runners/...

Considering how compiling a couple of these projects on my tiny arm VPS slows down everything else, this is a welcome change!
Salts and timeouts made that password cracking technique obsolete anyways.
Presumably, an unexpected increase in CO2 would be a proxy for intruders.
> I've also been a part of the Kinect craze and made 3 demos (games mostly) using their SDK

I ought a Kinect but never got it working correctly with a Mac. What is the state of the art here ? Is there active development anywhere ?
> It's less reasonable if you're concerned about AWS employees going rogue and somehow breaking the security of KMS without anyone else knowing.

That's the least of the concerns. Remember AWS is subject to court orders of all types (legitimate ones and NSLs). Even if nobody goes rogue, any data that AWS (or any cloud/SaaS provide) could access, must be assumed to be compromised.
>and from what I can tell, doesn't effect domestic Japanese models either.

This controversy is literally Japanese car makers falsifying test data to obtain government certification for models sold in Japan.

I won't blame the US DoT if they feel like also taking a magnifying glass.
Better use grapheme clusters than Unicode characters. After all, you don't want to chop the diaeresis off an ë.
I love it when my competitors use sequential integer IDs.
https://pwning.tech/nftables/
is the required reading for this exploit
Society would be greatly impacted at far lower levels (anywhere from really current levels and up). See my other reply to peer comment.

Though... 40k ppm is talking extinction of all mammals, probably more. The greenhouse effect at that level is probably insane, I wonder if we might lose liquid water well before that point.
> They both are things.

Corollary: your app is part of the real world.
GPUs don't rasterise line-by-line like old software renderers, and they basically only know how to rasterise triangles. If you're rendering on GPU then I think the approach in the article is pretty good, despite its apparent complexity.

This is a great series of blog posts about how GPU based rendering is structured (long but excellent if you're interested):

https://fgiesen.wordpress.com/2011/07/09/a-trip-through-the-...

Part 6 is about rasterisation.
Also, Apple doesn't tend to write SEO clickbait: https://www.macbartender.com/Bartender5/blog/
I have freed
the symbols
from your
clumsy lines

which
the linter probably
considers
in error

Indulge me
it's more readable
neat functions
in neat form
Compromised Visions Are Superior
Security by obscurity makes it more difficult for bad actors as an additional layer that they need to break. I don't see a reason why that's a bad thing and doesn't take a lot of effort to implement in this case.

I have been in a startup where competitors used our sequential keys to scrape a list of customers. Lesson learned the hard way with actual business consequences!

Sequential keys also leak information (German tank problem)

Your competitors can estimate number of customers, your growth rate and other stats that you often don't want them to know.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem
I technically use a natural key, if you could call it that, when using Supabase. Having a `public.users` table with a primary key that’s the same as the key for the internal user auth table (from Supabase).

Arguably not a natural key, or at least a contrived example, but: any downsides?
MDN Learn Web Development

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn
This is one of the coolest things ever.
Incredible!

My innocent looking garden gnomes sitting on the bank of my small garden pond have been procreating and hiding their babies in small plants.

They dont look so innocent now!
Would this prevent someone swapping the physical LED out with something that would take the voltage but try to hide the light? Maybe like a IR led? Or even some circuit that can be toggled to act as a resistor? I guess an evil maid/supply side attack is much less likely than just hacking the software but still...