skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
People will disagree, but my problem with retrieval is that every technique that is popular uses one-hop thinking - you retrieve information that is directly related to the prompt using old-school techniques (even though the embeddings are new, text similarity is old). LLMs are most powerful, IMO, at horizontal thinking. Building a prompt using one-hop narrow AI techniques and then feeding it into a powerful generally capable model is like building a drone but only letting it fly over streets that already exist - not worthless, but only using a fraction of the technology's power.

A concrete example is something like a tool for querying an internal company wiki and the query "tell me about the Backend Team's approach to sprint planning". Normal retrieval approaches will pull information directly related to that query. But what if there is no information about the backend team's practices? As a human, you would do multi-hop/horizontal information extraction - you would retrieve information about who makes up the backend team, you would then retrieve information about them and their backgrounds/practices. You might might have a hypothesis that people carry over their practices from previous experiences, so you look at the previous teams and their practices. Then you would have the context necessary to give a good answer. I don't know of many people implementing RAG like that. And what I described is 100% possible for AI to do today.

Techniques that would get around this like iterative retrieval or retrieval-as-a-tool don't seem popular.
> so... everyone?

Yes you misunderstood because I worded that badly and glibly. We can't know and the issue is so muddied and we had a lot to deal with. The virus was already out, knowing wouldn't put it back. The best reaction is to reconsider all these labs anyway.
For me, everything made sense when I read that generator functions in python can be used to implement algebraic effects, and algebraic effects and monads express the same ideas/logic using somewhat different language (and for some, including me, the algebraic effect lagngauge is easier). So I like an explanation that goes like "langaues without either but with exceptions and async io > generators/coroutines > algebraic effects > monads".

On a fundamental level, all these describe abstraction over what happens "between functions calls" and how values are passed around.

1. Some languages provide special syntax for exceptions and async io - in both cases "something" might happen between function calls - either an exception handler is called under certain constitutions (eg prints logs) or a kernel level callback is created and the program is suspended.

2. One generalization of this can be implemented using python generator functions / coroutines - you can build a call graph by invoking all functions in you callstack as "yield from func()", and use "yield Exception" to propagate errors and "yield Timer(1)" to ask an outer caller (event loop) to wait, or "yield Print(mag)" if we want to keep our functions pure and make the C event loop handle all the IO. You can also pass values down the stack via corp.send(x).

3. But it is a little clunky. Some langaues like Koka give you an ability to define arbitrary "effects and effect handlers" which is essential special syntax for how we were abusing coroutines in the previous step that makes differentiating and handling different "kinds things that we pass up and down the callstack" (exceptions vs timers vs prints) easier.

4. But some langaues do not have effect handlers but still want to do "custom arbitary custom things between function calls". That's where monads come in - they define a type for defining chains/trees of function calls and rules for how these threes must be iterativley unwrapped and wrapped back depending on how the wrap looks like. Eg instead of doing a(b(c)) you say unit(c) | b | a and describe how piping must be done it terms of types of values that these steps process. I hope it makes it clear how one could implement side effect IO, or exceptions, or async io that pauses by defining how to "unwap such piping". In principle, you abstract away control flow by introducing your own syntax for building function call trees and then rules for writing piping that works with such trees.

Monad guru please correct me if I am wrong.
That’s probably a very old system and it actually works pretty well.

My guess is it’s some ancient mainframe or even pre-mainframe app that is running on batch jobs that still require production control overseen by humans.

Federal budgets aren’t like private sector. They don’t just allocate $2B for the IRS commissioner to use as best suits the business… specific programs and tasks are authorized by congress. In the case of IRS, there’s a group of people in congress who are dedicated to IRS performing as inefficiently and ineffectively as possible. (For some things, earned income credit enforcement is fully modernized and effective)
I/O is just one thing that can be described with a monad. `Option` with `and_then` as the parent suggested was another example.
I'd argue that if you know what Option.and_then does, you do know what a monad is. and_then, known as flat_map or bind in the generic case, is the quintessential operation of a monad.

One of my biggest gripes with Rust (and other languages) is lack of a good monad abstraction (and accompanying syntactic sugar). But I also acknowledge that this is a "I have done too much category theory" problem and and_then is probably a more reasonable name to those not familiar with this particular area of maths.

> I still don't get what they have to do with i/o in Haskell, but am ok with i/o in Haskell being one of my life's forever unknowable mysteries.

They don't. Not really, anyway. IO happens to be a monad, but that's not really relevant to it being used as an abstraction around side effects. Haskell being a pure language is at odds with the necessity of some side-effects, such as printing to the console. The solution is to construct a "to-do list of actions" or "blueprint" for desired side-effects. This is an instance of IO. Any such blueprint that is assigned to the name "main" is executed. That's it.

The monad part comes in when you want to construct this blueprint. It so happens that one reasonable way to do this is via flat_map.
One useful property is that when partially tightened, they allow slight re-positioning of an assembly, before driving the fastener all the way home. In other words, they're actually used as springs.
How long before the trips include visits to the debris fields of previous attempts?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Boots

Green Boots is the body of an unidentified climber that became a landmark on the main Northeast ridge route of Mount Everest.
This is false. The phrase "including cooling" occurs nowhere in the article.

The word "cooling" alone appears seven times, none of them in the context of specific power numbers.
Yeah, seems like a lot of articles are written just to have a catchy title.
My big question is how you get input to work. Could you just put a patch on some unimportant bit of skin, let's say a 4"x4" area on your back, and use that patch to deliver tactile information from the thumb in some systematic way? Would it eventually start feeling like it was coming from the thumb?
Linux Kernel, Firefox, Dropbox, Discord, Cloudflare, Windows, AWS.

Idk, looking pretty good to me, unless you think none of these count.

Considering everyone seems to hate C++ nowadays, and Rust looks like the only existing alternative. Hard to imagine the trend won't continue.
It’s definitely not that. I just did this recently, I got a PDF delivered to me with the EIN in <3 minutes.
High Rates and Prices Leave Many Stuck in a Starter Home
Just do what comes naturally is great advice for beginners. See the pottery class parable: https://www.industryweek.com/leadership/companies-executives...

tldr: Pottery class, 2 groups. 1 group instructed to make the perfect pot (graded by quality of 1 best pot). 1 group instructed to make a bunch of pots (graded by pounds of clay used).

At the end of semester, the group who was trying to make as many pots as possible also produced the single best pot of the class.

Lesson: You need reps. Lots of reps. You really do just gotta do what comes naturally, get feedback, then do more. Doing is the only way to learn tacit skills.

You can read about the best way to ride a bike for 10 years and achieve nothing. Or you can spend an afternoon failing a lot until you can ride a bike. Software architecture and code structure are similar. You just gotta produce piles upon piles of code and see what works.
Probably overkill at some point. Most casual gamers won’t see any difference though. Some professional gamers might, assuming their machine is able to sustain 1000+ fps
Did John not write the code? Or did he copy paste it from somewhere?
I think what they mean is if you somehow had two files with the same name but different cases (as NTFS supports this) it would be impossible to fix with win32 calls
Correct.

You can look at CSS Modules (not supported by browser) which has class inheritance.
If your computer was built after 1999, it probably supports the SSE instruction set. It contains the _mm_rsqrt_ps instruction, which is faster and will give you four reciprocal square roots at once: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/intrinsics-guid...

That being said, the techniques discussed here are not totally irrelevant (yet). There still exists some hardware with fast instructions for float/int conversion, but lacking rsqrt, sqrt, pow, log instructions, which can all be approximated with this nice trick.
What do you mean? There are thousands more pixels in the timeline that can filled with POPUPS telling you how to think and how to CONSENT and how to OBEY
People don't like to be discriminated against based on their skin color or gender so there is always going to be resistance against bigots like you, who justify and rationalize the discrimination. There has been some progress as evident by the fact that your racist beliefs are already a relatively fringe minority. Even people like you changed, you no longer advocate for slavery or colonialism and probably don't support lynchings, murdering gay people or banning women's right to vote, to understand social change in your case you just have to shift your timeframe by a hundred years or so. You will be dragged along into the future or die, that's how social progress happens, older bigots die off and are replaced by slightly less racist bigots. Overall, slowly progress will be made.
Decoding Genomes: Uncovering Evolution and Population Dynamics
I love how you encode the url as binary then replace the 0's and 1's with O's and o's. This is genius.
And so I just now learned that the Baader-Meinhof Gang of the 1970s gave its name to the phenomenon of frequency illusion, where once you hear about a thing you notice many more references to it.
wikipedia says:

> Brian Hook may have brought the algorithm from 3dfx to id Software.
"potential loss of employment,"

Where is that coming from ? That's a very lawyery way to phrase things.

"potential ?" where I live I think people may max out their holidays and overtime (if lucky enough) and leave-without-pay but there would be a conversation with your employer to justify it and how to handle the workload.

In the USA, from what I read, it's more than likely that you would just be fired on the spot, right ?

edit: just googled a bit, where I live you must tell your employer why you will be absent if you go to jail but that can't be used to justify the breaking of the contract unless the reason for the incarceration is damaging to the company and... yeah, I am definitely not a lawyer :]
D-Day deception Operation Fortitude: The World War Two army that didn't exist
> Influential languages like scala have their best functional features pulled into java.

Here I feel you contradicted yourself, because the functional patterns are making its way into mainstream languages.

Also, functional patterns has its special use in distributed/parallel programming.
Would it then follow that commands/builtins like `time` and `sudo` are monads? What about shell commands in general, since you can always chain together stdout to stdin with pipes?
I'll accept it
Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents
Zephyr and Linux are not competing, generally. There are literally billion devices shipped annually in Zephyr niche - microcontrollers with under 1 MB RAM. This will continue the next 10 years - as for significant of the market cost reductions will go into power and radio improvements - not spending money on RAM and FLASH to run Linux.
> But he said no, I was the lone genius.

I think that's the issue? Haskell was designed by and for geniuses (Larry Wall). But Python... certainly Guido likes compliments but for the most part he was an average programmer, designing for other average programmers. And now Python is #1 while Haskell is only #28. Like if you just skipped the "monad" terminology and called them "promises" or "futures" everybody would be less confused.
I loved most of my time working at Bloomberg. Super smart people, a very engineering-centric culture. The politics, however, were very different from the west-coast companies I worked at before, though. You might not think that there are much politics where you work, but that just means you are so familiar with the politics that you conform to them without even thinking about it.

But every organization has its sacred cows, and no matter where you work, if you happen to get yourself into a situation where in order for you to be right, your bosses have to be wrong, it's game over.
> The notion of ‘prehistory’ simply does not work for cultures that rely primarily on oral communication. It was this division based on writing that gave rise to the widespread notion in the West that much of Africa didn’t have a history.

A rather asinine take. A culture without writing doesn’t produce a written record of its history. It would still produce an archeological record, but archeology alone doesn’t describe a history in very much detail.
> wasn't the governor of Hong Kong just appointed by the English monarch

In the same way Australia, Britain, Canada and New Zealand’s prime ministers serve at the King’s pleasure. It’s ceremonial, much like the monarchy itself.

> elections where "Hong Kong’s chief executive be drawn from candidates vetted by Beijing" actually seems closer to self determination

They had a full democracy after 1997. That was self determination.
>> if the CEO’s direct staff is 60 people, the number of layers you’ve removed in a company is probably something like seven.”

This is a great insight since so much gets lost in the management layer which causes frustration for devs while the CEO doesn't have a clue what's actually going on in the trenches.
Wouldn't something like tiny core Linux be the best compromise? Its the Linux kernal + bare essentials. You could probably harden it and modify it for this scenario
Nowhere near to memory safety. There are so many exploits left on the table if you do what you say.

Not to mention that Boehm isn’t sound on modern C compilers. Conservative stack scanning can be foiled by optimizations that are valid from the compiler’s perspective.
The link code seems to be from 2024, so no need for a "(2016)".
But most configs are just strings and it’s okay. How does it get so bad just itt?

Human input is full of tradeoffs, that’s why it’s bash and not typescript in your shell path column. And you’ll meet a great resistance from users if you make your config fully typed and require to refer to schema dtd ns or whatever bs xml had.
'Accelerate Everything,' Nvidia CEO Says Ahead of Computex
Like with so many other thing, it is a process.

Just like reviews "ensure" correctness on Wikipedia - which is actually a good case. In my childhood teachers would make us avoid Wikipedia. Now they advice students to use it.
Vite uses esbuild for fast dev builds and Rollup for production bundling, not webpack. Once the Rust port of Rollup is ready (called Rolldown) it is likely Vite will migrate both dev and prod bundling to that.

Re: Typescript 4 => 5 that should be a trivial migration. All we needed was to bump our node version IIRC.

And yes I can imagine the sort of bug you describe, because I'm the guy who fixes these sorts of things on my team. Usually just a few hours of head banging once or twice a year. Though the apps I've built on Vite have never required this. Really cannot recommend Vite highly enough for web frontend tooling.
It's more practical. I love me some Haskell, but you're never going to write Servo in it.
When Napster came out, I started discovering a lot of new things I liked and would then go and buy the CDs. I was spending about $50 per month or so... It was wonderful.

Then they decided to start suing their own customers out of greed. I've not bought a new CD since.
Also some of the HK 47 got life.
Not a like to like comparison at all.
For those perplexed by the headline, the Muybridge camera moment refers to Eadweard Muybridge who managed via camera photos taken in rapid succession to prove that when a horse runs it at times has all four legs above the ground.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge

(the article doesn’t bother to mention any of this until near the end in the tl;dr section, which since it’s tl and you dr, you never got to).
Show HN: LLM desktop app and daemon with queues and more
Can be used as an application locally (exe, deb etc) or deployed as client-server.
Yes, this post is classic. My answer to Brent's "monad tutorial fallacy" is https://mightybyte.github.io/monad-challenges/. It was inspired by The Matasano Crypto Challenges that Thomas Ptacek & others created awhile back which, instead of trying to teach you cryptanalysis, guides you down the path of actually doing realistic cryptanalysis with a series of challenges.
Perplexity AI will research and write reports
I believe there's a very mundane explanation for that. AI is the new gold rush in the startup world. People are funding AI companies, working for AI companies, they need to believe all the hype.
Is tor not viable?
> Whether or not the citizens of Hong Kong had more or less freedom under an undemocratic British government

Whether they had more freedom under their democracy is not.
I've heard plenty of complaints over the years, and only within quant, unsurprisingly since that is the only field you'll get paid to use K.

A brilliant programmer I met who came from DE Shaw said he reimplemented a K-based portfolio optimization pipeline because the performance hit a wall once the dataset got large enough. He was able to beat K with Java of all things.

Columnar and timeseries dbs have continued to evolve, K is the same tech it was in the 2000s. The only reason it gets used at a Millennium is that whatever trade is still printing money, not any tech advantage.
I've tried this type of thing quite a bit (generating documentation based on code I've written), and it's generally pretty bad. Even just generating a README for a single source file project produces bloviated fluff that I have to edit rigorously. I'd say it does about 40% of the job, which is obviously a technical marvel, but in a practical sense it's more novelty than utility.
So the GPT is on a law exam and is using a very lawyer way to word things? I would say that's great!!
When I was last at alumni weekend at Harvey Mudd, there was a corner of one chem lab filled with broken glass. One of the students was doing an independent study learning scientific glassblowing.
Not endopasta?
They released XP well into Windows 7, I'm surprised that there's that much incompatibility with modern versions of windows when running software.
AndroidProjectCreator
My wild guess is that it would depend a lot on how much your employer likes you and how they feel about the reason you're in jail.
Leave-without-pay normally requires some specific justification(s)/discussion. I've certainly given my manager advanced notice about any longer stretches of vacation and I've tried to do it with awareness of workloads (though for something planned months in advance that's not always possible) but I've pretty much never considered it as asking for permission or it being a negotiation. This is in the US.

ADDED: You're probably going to end up lying or at least being very vague "some family stuff to take care of" in this specific scenario but for one month that didn't trigger reporting to employer a lot of professionals could probably get off with it. In any case, the GPT answer seems totally correct for the parameters given.
Both are fair points. Still, a table - or chair - is/was one of thousands of options to choose. So you might be right that good examples tend to be reproduced. Question remains why it would be a good example to begin with.

Personally I think at some point such choice became baked in into the concept of physical existence because people think in pictures and physical existence in itself is such an abstract thing. The choice of furniture however is kind of hilarious.
Self-employed or small company might not care.
> The share of total U.S. household income held by the middle class has fallen almost without fail in each decade since 1971

This (it's point 2 in TFA) feels like the biggest deal to me. Middle vs High wage share went from 62 vs 28 percent to 43 vs 48 percent. When middle income voters have the greater share of resources policies will be crafted with their benefit in mind; when they don't, they won't.

This is a self-sustaining cycle, and the balance now seems definitively tipped against the middle class.
Bananui
This is such a toxic take. There actually is a lot people can do to help their sleep. Framing it like they did makes it seem like there is nothing people can do.

Then I think they got causation mixed up. Studies show that night owls have less self control, worse sleep and health habits.
> Why don't all the others have this feature?

They are not hosted by trmm? :)
Python’s distutils had a strtobool() function that was very handy for this, but the module has been removed. It’s trivial to re-implement, but still slightly annoying to have to do.
It's not just efficiency, the very last thing I want to do when buying any good or service is talk to another human being. Hell if self checkout is any indication people will trade efficiency for not having to talk to a person.

Eventually we'll all end up conserving our social battery for friends and loved ones rather than work and shopping.
Show HN: A Python library to keep computer awake (prevent sleep): wakepy
I wrote a simple package for keeping a system awake (prevent sleep) with python.

Currently it supports Windows, macOS, Gnome, KDE Plasma and various freedesktop.org compliant DEs.

The used methods are completely non-intrusive: no mouse wiggling, no pressing of keys like Shift or F15 and no changing system settings. Instead, wakepy uses the APIs provided by the system for the purpose, like SetThreadExecutionState (Windows) or org.gnome.SessionManager (Gnome).

I imagine this could be interesting to some of the pythonistas out there, so decided to also show it on HN. Would be great to hear your thoughts about it and I'm happy to answer any questions :)
However 2FA. They're making it hard to not have a phone
https://archive.is/EcQfE

Site is struggling
> OK, but on the east cost, there is no shortage.

Yeah, why are they talking about tapping offshore aquifers in areas that average 40+ inches (and increasing as of recent years) of rain a year? It seems to me a solution in search of a problem. It would be far cheaper to build land-based reservoirs and other water management infrastructure, as you mentioned.
This is really just a solution to the fact that if you leave an e-bike in public it will get stolen in 10 seconds.
No one else was willing to run against him. Another win for democracy!
> which I’d also argue LLMs suck at

OK, I’ll bite. What’s your evidence for this argument?