skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: KraftCloud – The "Never Pay for Idle" Cloud Platform
Hi everyone, it’s Alex, Simon, Felipe and the team from Unikraft.io

We have built kraft.cloud, a millisecond cloud platform, where apps and services cold start, scale to zero and autoscale in milliseconds, ensuring you never pay for idle, can efficiently cope with traffic peaks, and don’t have to deal with complex cold start issues.

As of today we are now in open early access!

The platform (and we) come from research in the area of lightweight virtualization — trying to ask the question of how efficient cloud platforms could (or should) be while still retaining strong, hardware-level isolation. KraftCloud is the result of this research followed by years of building the Unikraft open source project (www.unikraft.org).

KraftCloud is based on unikernels, extremely specialized virtual machines, built on top of the Linux-API compatible Unikraft project. If you’ve heard of unikernels in the past, you’ve likely come across properties like millisecond cold start, small memory consumption, and small TCB, to name a few. You may have also heard of downsides like difficulty using them, debugging them, monitoring them or deploying them in the cloud — we’ve been hard at work tackling these issues.

KraftCloud leverages Unikraft unikernels, but also comes with a custom-built controller that can be reactive in millisecond scales and can scale to thousands of instances on a single server. We also have integrations with Dockerfiles, Terraform and Kubernetes, and the ability to deploy within hyperscaler infra. The end result is a platform where

- Cold starts take milliseconds (e.g., NGINX boots in 15ms)

- Scale to Zero (and scale back up) also takes milliseconds

- Autoscale takes milliseconds so you can transparently cope with fast peaks

- We can put 1000s of instances on a single server, reducing cost and carbon footprint

We’re in open early access and are actively handing (free) access tokens via the sign up form here: http://kraft.cloud/signup

We would really appreciate as much feedback as humanly possible: what you like, what you don’t like, what isn’t clear, what we’re missing, what’s broken, etc (you can find more information in our FAQs: https://unikraft.io/faq, or this blog post: https://unikraft.io/blog/kraftcloud/

Thanks so much for reading all the way to the end and looking forward to your comments!
Just to state the obvious, "we" are not doing anything here. "We," as in "the general public 'we'" don't have much of a choice when someone has lots of money and lawyers and wants to use those resources to sneakily and deceptively make more money. Unless "we" elect better representatives who are willing to write and enforce laws governing the wealthy's ability to effectively do whatever they want, then "we" don't have much of a say.
>How many people even want to own empty land in the first place?

My experience, based on the price of property, is that a shit ton of people want to own empty land, in the anticipation of it not being empty at some point in the future.
THe value of a college degree is signaling.

Your ability to graduate college signals to future employers that you have some combination of intelligence and work ethics. The more prestigious the institution, the stronger this signal is.

At the top end of the scale, it's not even about course difficulty but admission requirements. A lot more people would be able to graduate from Harvard if given a place than can actually get into Harvard, legacy admissions who are still able to graduate being the perfect proof of this. There's research that shows that Harvard courses aren't that much more difficult than those at other, far less prestigious universities, but the admission requirements are far stricter.

This phenomenon is a self-perpetuating feedback loop. If your average college graduate is slightly smarter than a non-graduate, employers will prefer graduates over non-graduates, as it's an easy thing to check. People notice how much of an advantage the college graduates have, so in the next generation, even more people choose college over other paths. This makes the gap between graduates and non-graduates even wider, which makes employers favor them more, which makes life harder for non-graduates, which causes even more people to go to college, and so it goes.

At the top end, other things start to matter, it's advantageous for smart kids to mix and network with rich kids and vice versa, hence legacy admissions, but this is what matters for most graduates.
What the product ?
I don't think PR and formal coalitions have a monopoly on deadlock. The USA can have something similar whenever there's not a single party holding a trifecta, and even then between the Supreme Court and filibustering it's not really streamlined unified government.

> Meanwhile in Germany, it’s impossible for a voter to predict ahead of time what kind of government to expect from voting for any given party because almost any party could become coalition partners with just about any other party.

You have to trust that the party you're voting for will negotiate in a way that is acceptable to you. I'm not convinced that's worse than your situation in a two party system where you're guaranteed a coalition that's probably not exactly what you wanted.
In Michigan, agricultural land is treated as if it is posted, so you are trespassing if you go on it, no notice required.

I would think that is not uncommon.
I dunno, I've found ChatGPT (and its clones) have been immensely useful as a learning tool for me. Having it summarize stuff in different ways and being able to immediately ask clarifying questions has been sort of a game-changing learning tool, at least for me.

I don't think they should allow use of AI during tests because yeah, it'd just do all the work for them and they wouldn't learn anything, but I absolutely think there's value in being able to use it as a 24/7 instant tutor, particularly since ChatGPT can be coerced into explaining things in basically any style that you'd like.

Something I've found fun and bizarrely useful is having ChatGPT explain stuff in terms of scripts from King of the Hill. It's fun to hear Hank Hill compare ZF Set Theory to something as reliable and efficient as propane while Dale goes into tirades about how the government imposed the axiom of choice to distract away from System F.
>Eventually, you understand how the equation is solved. No human teacher would be able to achieve this.

One of the things I have hugely enjoyed about LLMs is asking the same question again and again until I finally get why it is the way it is.

No human could deal with "I don't get it, try explaining it another way..." after the 10th time.
While I somewhat doubt it was done by design, this is getting far more attention than the GPT-4o announcement did and in the end will likely benefit OpenAI even if they have to make some kind of settlement for misuse of Scarlett Johansson's voice. Wouldn't surprise me though if they knew there would be attention getting blowback and went this way after seeing the GPT-4o announcement mostly get "that's kind of neat" and shrugs.
Fixed! , Thank you
Its ugly code - why would they show it off.
Whoever said anything about communism? The idea of trickle-down economics is something that only seems to appeal to the rich and people who eat up the libertarian propaganda they produce or patronize.
And this comment is asked every time a Common Lisp submission comes up. Perhaps go and read prior answers?

> If Lisp is so good, why isn’t its use more widespread?

What does "good" and "widespread" have to do with each other? Mildly orthogonal concerns. As a tech junkie, one experience that has been consistent all my life is "the best stuff is almost never widespread". When I was in to digital cameras, the "best" camera was rarely the widespread one - both pre-DSLR and after. The best file management utility is not the widespread one. The best radio is not the widespread one. The best TV is not the widespread one. The best SW for a task is often not the most widespread one.

I know I'm not answering the question. Instead, I want you to ponder the faulty premise in your question. Instead of tying your question to "widespread", why not simply ask why people like Common Lisp so much?

It's like asking "If that job is so awesome, why doesn't it pay well?"
Fixed , Thank you
The consumer internet is a blessing and a curse. Without consumers the internet doesn't have much economic benefit. To use the internet to sell things you need the normies- so you pull all the non-technical people onto the internet where they are scammed, hacked, and manipulated at scale.
Well they're writing to change minds like yours.
Why UX research is not important?
Hey builders! I am launching this guide on a topic that's a hot discussion on social media - UX research. Wondering if it's truly valuable? The answer is yes. That's why i created a practical guide condensed into only 43 pages that will provide valuable information whether you are a startup founder doing the research on your own, a product owner trying to create better procedures for their team or even a UX designer who wants to know better ways to do research. Just check it out, no BS, i promise
> In reality though, dickheads, the people who don't respond to social shame basically, ruin it for everyone else.

Then you use other laws to address them. Littering, destruction of property, etc.

It sounds like a law like Scotland's, that makes a distinction between roaming on a motorized vehicle, would go far to exclude the dickheads.
TSMC EUV machines equipped with remote self-destruct in case of invasion
It would be fun to have a law that said once your family's net worth rose above some factor of the poverty line you'd be ineligible for higher office.

Yes, I recognize the multitude of problems this presents, but it's fun to consider the implications.
Avoid casing entirely and use single letter function and variable names

Case insensitive, of course
But does a typical teenager actually need to "keep up in math"? I would hazard a guess that only maybe 5% of people would need to ever utilize any math beyond basic algebra. Wouldn't it make more sense to leave these kids to do something else with their time, while offering personalized (possibly AI supported) math programs to those who actually intend to do something with it?
CPU usages seems very very high for this.
Yes but we still develops
Or when you tell it you think the answer is something else it agrees with you and apologies that yes, now it can see, 2+2 does equal 5.
A human teacher can see the problem from the students perspective and understand the error they make and why they make it. No current ai would be able to achieve this.
But alas, few human teachers can or will take the time to do this per student. Infinite time and patience really are the ai's superpower here IMO.
2.5G is pretty common on new hardware, 10G is relatively common on high-end prosumer hardware. So not exactly zero progress.

I think a lot of it is down to the realities that most people are only really interacting with the internet at home, and for the most part, speeds over 1gb outside data centers was pretty rare. So very little need to upgrade.

No mass movement to upgrade, means fewer component sales, lower production means economies of scale don't apply. Meaning you're stuck in relatively early adopter territory for a while.

I upgraded my home lan as well last year, my main switch is now 10gb copper, my desktop and nas are the only devices with 10g nics, a few others are 2.5, and my secondary switches are all 2.5g to save money.
Solve one problem with the help of a LLM, then solve three problems of the same type without the help of a LLM. Might need a human teacher to explain to the student why this approach is necessary, though.
we have updated the docker file.
Thanks. Will check it out!
The argument regarding representativeness is fair. But I think it is just as important for the basics to be fast, as they represent a constant overhead most other code makes use of. There are edge cases where unconsumed results get optimized away and other issues that make the results impossible to interpret, and these must be accounted for, but there is also a risk of just reducing the discussion to "No true Scotsman" which is not helpful in pursuit of "how do we write fast concurrent code without unnecessary complexity".

I have adjusted the example to match yours and be more expensive on .NET - previous one was spawning 1 million tasks waiting for the same asynchronous timer captured by a closure, each with own state machine, but nonetheless as cheap as it gets - spawning an asynchronously yielding C# task still costs 96B[0] even if we count state machine box allocation (closer to 112B in this case iirc).

To match your snippet, this now spawns 1M tasks that wait the respective 1M asynchronous timers, approximately tripling the allocation traffic.

var count = int.Parse(args[0]);

Console.WriteLine($"spawning {count} tasks");

var tasks = Enumerable
.Range(0, count)
.Select(async _ => await Task.Delay(3_000));

await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

In order to run this, you only need an SDK from https://dot.net/download. You can also get it from homebrew with `brew install dotnet-sdk` but I do not recommend daily driving this type of installation as Homebrew using separate path sometimes conflicts with other tooling and breaks SDK packs discovery of .NET's build system should you install another SDK in a different location.

After that, the setup process is just

mkdir CSTasks && cd CSTasks
dotnet new console --aot
echo '{snippet above}' > Program.cs
dotnet publish -o .
time ./CSTasks

Note: The use of AOT here is to avoid it spamming files as the default publish mode is "separate file per assembly + host-provided runtime" which is not as nice to use (historical default). Otherwise, the impact on the code execution time is minimal. Keep in mind that upon doing the first AOT compilation, it will have to pull IL AOT compiler from nuget feed.

Once done, you can just nuke the `/usr/local/share/dotnet` folder if you don't wish to keep the SDK.

Either way, thank you for putting together your comment - Elixir does seem like a REPL-friendly language[1] in many ways similar to F#. It would be impolite for me to not give it a try as you are willing to do the same for .NET.

[0]: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/performance-improvemen...

[1]: there exist dotnet fsi as well as dotnet-script which allow using F# and C# for shell files in a similar way, but I found the startup latency of the latter underwhelming even with the cached compilation it does. It's okay, but not sub-100ms an sub-20ms you get with properly compiled JIT and AOT executables.
That is the entire purpose of LLMOps. Provide guardrails to prevent hallucination and ensure precise control of GenAI output.
That requires a young student who is really self-motivated to keep asking it to clarify things. Plenty of teachers, parents, and tutors are willing to keep trying new ways of explaining things to kids until they understand it. The kid giving up is way more common than the adult without someone pushing him to keep trying or coming back to it regularly. Obviously, not every child has someone in his life that cares enough to do that, but I can't see AI as anything other than a subpar substitute.
Calculators keep us from having to practice a certain skill and we accept whatever consequences of that, we've survived it. But yeah, imagine if the skill we no longer had to practice was critical thinking period.
Upnext spent about two years developing a "reader" that could deenshittify most pages in the context of a "read-it-later" application. They pivoted to start Brief which does AI recommendation and summarization and shut down Upnext. I think they are still using the back end of the reader to get a clean extract of text to feed into the AI.

But it's very telling that users are supportive of Google's agenda of not sending you to people's actual web sites because web sites have gotten so bad. Europeans will deny it but I think those cookie banners broke the dam so that now it is normalized that you can pop up four different modals asking for an email address.
Just make it so that the people in your system don't do politics. Obviously.

Workable at tiny scale in religious communes, or maybe for a different species.
That was the first thing I looked for.
Why would you assume this? Wouldn't Sal Kan want to design his version of a teacher AI to avoid that behavior?
Where is the opportunity, there is a crime.

The most of the students will not use it for improving their own text or iteration process, unless the penalties for cheating are very high. They instead copy-paste the instructions, add some adjustments, and then copy-paste the output. This will give them results in the shortest amount of time, if there are assignments where something needs to be returned. But how to detect cheaters?

Too many students do tasks as in "completion" oriented way, not in learning oriented way. I am mostly talking from college/university perspective.
I live in the US, and I have a "large" amount of property that is clearly marked for no-trespassing. The reason for this is the prior landowner was forced to sell when a trespasser drowned in the pond on the property and the landowner was sued, successfully, by their family.

If there were clear laws regarding trespassers and liability, I would gladly take the no trespassing signs down. I don't care if someone wants to go swim or fish on the very nice pond we have, but I absolutely will not lose my house for someone I don't know.
It's an exuberance bubble. Every tech company on earth is racing to "do something with AI" because all of their competitors are trying to "do something with AI" and they don't want to be left out of the excitement. The excitement and exuberance will inevitably cool, and then a new thing will emerge and they'll all race to "do something with that new thing."
Raspberry Pi Confirmed Intention to Float
Both Bill Gates and Sal Khan (and, for good measure, Mark Zuckerberg too) have tried revolutionizing education with technology before. If we look at exactly how and where past attempts went wrong, we might find some challenges for this one too.

I remember when MOOCs were the future of education, as students across the world would have free access to the best lectures from the best teachers and could watch them over and over again at their own pace. That ... didn't result in the second coming of Christ, to put it politely.
Khan Academy is great. It's their agreement with Microsoft that will be their fall.

https://educationblog.microsoft.com/en-us/2024/05/enhancing-...
I do wonder about this.

Is there something about ARM that prevents having a PCIe slot with an AMD / NVIDIA card?

And I suppose the game can be recompiled to ARM, for as long as you're not using any architecture specific code?
> But drawing on his experience creating Khanmigo, an AI-powered tutor, Sal makes a compelling case that AI-powered technologies will be different. That’s because we finally have a way to give every student the kind of personalized learning, support, and guidance that’s historically been out of reach for most kids in most classrooms. As Sal puts it, “Getting every student a dedicated on-call human tutor is cost prohibitive.” AI tutors, on the other hand, aren’t.

Personalisation fails for a simple reason - people don't really want to learn.

Classes work because the teacher can inspire (or at least push), and there's peer pressure to learn (or at least keep up with the herd). I'm sure there's a dozen or so self-taught Python or Rust programmers here who will loudly refute what I'm saying, and point out that they were perfectly capable of learning something they were very interested in, but I bet a lot of them would also like to learn a foreign language or quantum physics and haven't gotten that done.

AI will fail for the same reason Youtube, DVDs, video cassettes, radio lessons, and phonographs all failed to be a revolution. If you want to learn something, and have the motivation, then reading the textbook is easily good enough (for theoretical subjects) and for less theoretical subjects you barely need a textbook, just lots of practice.

Yes, you can probably learn a little tiny bit faster with AI, if you (or someone staring over your shoulder) have the motivation to play some AI learning game rather than a more fun-optimised game that's purely about having fun, but it's a small optimisation.
> No one says it was "stolen from common people", because they have always owned it.

Not true. Common land, in particular, was stolen during the agricultural revolution and enclosed. This also created the cheap labour needed for the industrial revolution. The modern world was built on theft from the rural common people.

> Good thing nowadays you can emigrate relatively easily.

As an immigrant (as a child) I have already done that. I even have dual nationality so one emigration option is easy. The problem is I do not know of anywhere much better.
You are right. We simplified the Arancini al Burru: Rice Balls with Butter on our own. Also "Frittata di riso" is a very good match (relaxing the regional requirement).
Getting XXE in Web Browsers Using ChatGPT
Yes, that does help a bit—elaborative processing. But it’s not something I’d consistently spend more than a few seconds per question on, generally speaking.
No it's not, it's dead easy. What restrictions are you referring to? GPL doesn't care what you apply it to and there's no restrictions on its use. The only restrictions that would matter are those of the original licence, BSD, which is permissive.
I'm only saying you don't excuse it because they are teens.
All the articles I've read about AI improving education make the same assumption: AI will help students learn that same things as we teach them now easier.

If AI will be so revolutionary to me that first mean a complete overhaul of what students should learn? We haven't even properly done this reevaluation of the curriculum even for being constantly connected to the internet.

Students really need to learn a lot fewer things on average, but the fundamentals matter even more now. Honestly, 90% of the population doesn't need more than elementary math, but they really need to understand how percentages or pro-rata work.

In the end, looks like a puff piece by Bill Gates is still a puff piece.
Shameless self promotion:

If you’re interested in high level disk activity with the feel of old school blinking lights, check out DriveLight[0].

0 - https://apps.apple.com/us/app/drivelight/id6446650999
Picture this: you're a high school junior struggling to understand simple free-body diagrams. You ask the AI tutor for help and it gives you a pile of bullshit. Unfortunately the bullshit is written in the exact same authoritative tone as your (correct) textbook, and the AI temporarily gaslights the actual human teacher into accepting a wrong answer, even though the teacher has a B.S. in physics.

(Source: a very smart science teacher I know and won't name. Keep in mind most high school science teachers have weak scientific backgrounds. This technology is poison.)
Data (and interactive maps) of building ages in the Netherlands
A Crash Course Guide to Nostr – We Distribute
Ah, makes sense: The hump is in the middle. (Though yes, camels have two; should be dromedaryCase.)

But then again, camels have heads at about the same height as the hump, so...
Welcome to Pathways: Developing for Apple Platforms
> And now we have OpenAI showing that they have no qualms about deep-faking a voice actor if they don't get the proper rights.

No, that isn't established. They are claiming they used a different actress, so no deep-faking involved. If the actress turns out to not be real, then yes Sam A is guilty of lying and some pretty gross behavior. If it turns out to be true though, what they did is a bit scummy, but not dishonest ~and not illegal~, unless you believe that people who sound similar to Scarlett Johansson don't have the same rights to their voice as Johansson does to hers.

Edit: It may actually be illegal given the intent. There is court precedent on this