skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Show HN: PBT – A property-based testing library for Ruby
Hello HN,

I introduce a property-based testing tool for Ruby.
Ruby's ease of test-writing and rich ecosystem are widely acclaimed. However, property-based testing is not as widely used as in other languages such as Haskell or Elixir, and I think this is because there is no de facto testing tool.

This gem currently not only has the basic functionality of stateless property-based testing but also has the following features:

- Support verbose mode that allows you to see its shrinking procedure and algorithms.

- Support several concurrency/parallel executions of each test. As of now, Ractor/Thread/Process are available. (The default is sequential, considering benchmark results and actual use cases)

Happy hacking!
I agree with this principle in general.

But for SMTP libraries, that's often part of stdlib (Ruby, Python, PHP, ...).
"I cannot recommend X too highly. X always served as an example to their colleagues. The quality of X's code was unequalled in our department, and X's work always merited special attention." (etc)
> Of course, pretty much any political news story would count as propaganda.

Based on the standard you are suggesting, yes. But not based on the Merriam-Webster definition you're quoting.

Criticism -- even the harshest criticism -- is not inherently for the purpose of injury.
Ask HN: RAG as a Service?
I know the various different solutions for building RAG systems using a vector store manually but I'm working on a new project that could benefit from a RAG assisted version of GPT-4o.

I'm aware of the OpenAI Assistants API (still pretty early stage) but I'm wondering if there's any other options out there?

To be specific: I'm looking for an off the shelf solution where I can easily drop in a bunch of documents or a list of URLs and then ask search or summarization type questions on the dataset. I'm trying to avoid building it since it's a bit of distraction from my primary objective. Most of what I've found is pretty simple and DIY and still requires you to figure out document parsing and chunking. I just need something that works for existing web pages (with some non-static content).

My best solution is to download pages after a delay using a Chrome extension and load them into the OpenAI Assistants API but that's limited to returning 20 chunks and can be a bit limited on summarization.
Daily marijuana use outpaces daily drinking in the US, a new study says
You're not answering what I'm actually saying, and the "footnotes" are just a cheap ploy for gravitas.

Assange is the only one who had a serious chance at actual, meaningful political change in the west. In Russia - and for that matter, in Israel - there are far more who might be able to affect power with their journalism. So they murder more journalists, yes. I already said this.

There will be no accountability for Israeli war crimes. And they are genocidal, because they actually want to kill or drive out everyone in Gaza who is Palestinian. And they can.

Putin, by comparison, doesn't care about ethnicity as long as you're loyal to him personally. You see this directly in the lower number of hospitals bombed and children murdered. Remember what a scandal it was when Putin bombed a hospital? And rightly so! His excuses were identical to the Israeli ones. He is a murderer and a war criminal, but he's not on a mission of extermination. Netanyahu is.
> so you're much better off just buying batteries that are made for the purpose

Or even just used EV batteries. I personally don't think that battery recycling is as big of an issue as some people say. But, if I'm wrong, a cheap worn-out EV battery with "only" 50% capacity is still very useful as a home backup.
No, comparing against a general population average is way too low, because automated cars won't randomly replace drivers. They need to be at least as good as the sort of good driver that self-driving cars would replace. Taxi drivers, for example, are much better drivers than average people.

Further, I think a variety of factors, including politics and liability structures, mean self-driving cars will have to be radically better than the average human driver. For example, each car-caused death is seen as the responsibility of some human. But every Waymo death will be seen as the responsibility of Waymo. Responsibility for the current 100 deaths per day is diffuse, and so accepted. But if it's 40 deaths per day for Waymo and 60 for Musk, nobody's going to shrug at that.
Well that's... concerning? I'm not sure I disagree with the decision there but to apply it any more widely would be a problem.
This is an odd question. Web services are great with CL. But you already have languages you prefer. So yes, you must be interested in CL to want to replace one of those.
For modern phones, I guess Python is a better option, e.g. Pydroid.
So, here's a few pointers of things I came across the past few years, and that you might like:

=== 1: Artifical Chemistries

You could check toward 'Artificial Chemistry',
I bought one book[1][2] out of curiosity a few years ago, and while I haven't really touched it that much, but it's a really interesting perspective on computing that I haven't really seen talked about here (or elsewhere).

[1] http://www.cs.mun.ca/~banzhaf/AC-home.html
[2] https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Chemistries-Press-Wolfgang...

=== 2: 'Alchemist' esolang

Semi-related to the first point is 'Alchemist', "A non-deterministic programming language based on chemical reactions" that was shared here on Hacker News[3] a few years ago.

[3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20150179

=== 3: 'Hexagony' esolang

Still playing with esolangs, I particulary like 'Hexagony' [4], which seems inspired by Befunge[5], but with Hexagons. It has a super cool online IDE [6]. If you don't know about it, then definitely check-out the Esolang Wiki, it's a treasure trove.

[4] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35581768
[5] https://esolangs.org/wiki/Befunge
[6] https://hexagony.net/

=== 4: Soviet/Russian programming languages

Going back to the history of computing, there's the whole soviet side of computing that aren't well known in the west, but probably has fascinating stuff. I only can give you a Stack Exchange question[7] I found a few months ago about some soviet spacecraft, with one answers hinting at some soviet computer languages such as as 'PROL2' and 'DIPOL'.

[7] https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/64366/reasons-behi...

=== 5: APL

It's a recurring subject here in HN, but on the off chance that you might be one of today's lucky ten thousand, then check out anything related to APL[8]. It's a fascinating language with extremely powerful construct to play with tabular data. Another APL-related thing is the BQN language[9].

[8] https://dfns.dyalog.com/n_sieve.htm
[9] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35913241
(and obligatory XKCD: https://xkcd.com/1053/)

=== 6: Urbit

Last one, not my favorite, but definitely high on the 'esoteric' part, is 'Urbit', which is a very ahem special ecosystem that basically eschew anything familiar about the current state of computing. I personally feels that it's weird for weirdness sake, but it's something of a UFO. If you're insterested in Urbit, I would suggest to start with this article titled "Urbit: The good, the bad, and the insane"[11]

[10] https://urbit.org/
[11] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27268462
What tokai said was OK: English is also classified as a Germanic language even though it includes a lot of French words, not to mention Hindi etc.

For that matter, a German word like „Dolmetsch“ doesn’t make German a Turkic language.
Neural network representation spaces seem to converge, regardless of architecture: https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.07987

It would make sense for the human mental latent spaces to also converge. The reason is that the latent space exists to model the environment, which is largely shared among humans.
I found FPGA programming a mind-bender, coming from conventional (if low-level) programming.

In sequential software programming, you avoid computation until you need it. With hardware, if you have the logic to do the computation, you use it. Think of having all expressions always evaluated. Instead of conditional evaluation you select which output you want.

This applies somewhat to software on modern processors with abundant functional units (adders, FPUs, load/store units). They're running ahead evaluating as much as possible, then discarding what wasn't selected.
> were found out to have done this

A political party running a troll farm is not the same as the intelligence apparatus of a state being used to harass journalists.
> They need to understand that this miracle they want does not exist, too!
> I just feel like you complain about the fact that I split my argument in 3 points and would rather have it stand on one point :-).

Which is your point 2). :-)

As succinctly as I can: I think my argument now is that 1), redefined by you (or reunderstood by me) during our conversations is not worth making.

Initially in my original post I interpreted 1) to mean that "since E2EE is used by 80+% of people today, it can't be made illegal" which I argued against (because I think this is false). Then you expanded upon it / I understood better to be "the technology exists, it can't be made to disappear", which I agree with - but think is a meaningless or naive way to look at legislation. Australia e.g famously enforced strict gun laws in the late 90's, telling legislators then "the first thing you need to understand is that guns will still exist" is true in a meaningless way that doesn't convey anything.

I think a reason why I felt the need to argue about this is that I think a lot of techies / HN people have a very black-and-white view on the legislative process, "if it's still technically possible it's not worth/possible to outlaw". Not saying you fall into this category though!
The real beauty is not visiting people’s horrible web pages.

Oh how I want information. Oh how I don’t want your newlsetter modal to obscure that information.
I Wrote My CTO Book with My Own Tool
Physicists now question the fate of the Universe
Another data point. Interesting.
Show HN: I created Jira inside VS Code, it uses GPT-4o to implements Sprints
Hey guys, here is the link to the VS Code extension

https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Sixth.si...

Please check it out and give me your reviews
> BBC fought tax evasion in the courts and lost the case

Sorry, what’s the relevance of this?
It's already easy to put to rest
- They asked her twice
- They tweeted many references to Her
- She declined
- Everyone on Earth heard the voice and thought it was Her
- OAI doesn't give a fuck even tho they could have just picked any other voice that could possibly exist, because they should be able to do anything they please without consideration of humans

I thought the amount of "Weirdo defending Musk on Twitter' energy for Elon was amazing, but the amount of reality-denial that the OAI defenders have is quite a different beast. They wanted SJ's identity, she declined, they effectively cloned her against her will instead. That's about as sick as you can get. Future really looks bright!
Yes, but other countries are not the sole major super-power with almost an imperial presence across the globe.

America is, until now at least, the closest thing to Rome we had since its fall, but far bigger and with much farther reach.

I bet that if space.com looks at their analytics, they will find out that they are widely read across the globe, and the same applies to every other big media in the US.

Being a global empire comes with certain privileges, it is only natural that it would also imply some costs. One of them being aware that you have a global audience.

Like it or not, America is the new Rome, and Americans would benefit a lot from remembering this if they want America to keep its global influence.
I'm a pedestrian in SF, and I definitely trust the automated cars less. I pretty rapidly slot a given driver into one mental model or another. But I have no idea what the automated cars are up to, and so have to give them a very wide berth.
Not all kinds of late-binding is good. Python uses dicts which has more runtime overhead than symbols, but make it hard to develop code interactively. Consider

foo.py

def foo1(x): return x+1

bar.py

from foo import foo1

def bar1(x): return foo1(x)\*2

I can modify foo.foo1 in REPL:

foo.foo1 = lambda x: x+3

but bar.bar1 will still use the old definition!

bar1 lookups foo1 via a dict which is constructed when bar is imported, so it won't be updated unless I reload all files.

So dicts are just wrong for this, there are too many of them. Symbols are basically perfect for this as they provide an easily manageable point of indirection and also much more performant.
not kidding. Starbucks 25 years ago was pretty much like the friends one.
Thank you for your honest perspective! Sincere thanks. I guess it’s the approach of 45 years of age that I am unfazed.

I’ve heard a number of
times that my persona in writing absolutely does not make sense to some people – until they meet me.

I think I can assure you of my non-arrogance. The wry, cynical, even flippant? note is directed at myself. My limitations and recklessness and jumping to conclusions.

If you find me, I offer you a cup of coffee. In return I’d like an equally honest reassessment.

(Full sincerity here!)

edit;
Ah. Also. Another thing I can assure you of: Sometimes, afterwards, I come across my own writing and find it awful. in exactly that way. Like an annoying and arrogant 15yo had written it. Which is my greatest fear. To become that 15yo again, the person I certainly was for a decade or so. (Starting at around age 12-ish.) I knew I was annoying but I didn’t know I was arrogant. It turns out the two were related.
Zenith: Like top/htop with zoomable charts of CPU, GPU, network and disk usage
We have a hybrid car, and I don't think it makes any extraneous noise at all while driving on battery, other than the standard electric motor noise.
> where a swab on the water glass tells potential employer much more than the interview?

More likely RNA, because DNA doesn't mean traits are actually active. Also, only if you believe nature>>nurture and that experience doesn't matter. The level of understanding of your issues and how to counteract them makes a difference too.

In practice you probably want someone with issues they know how to cope with and lots of enthusiasm for $job rather than a rando with great generic potential and hating every minute at work.
I didn't realize we were going so far back. In that case, Perl may be more convenient than Python/Go, and almost certainly a better choice than bash.

Still,

> If you want to write some code (e.g., a launcher, installer, utility code, etc...) that is almost certainly going to run on any computing device created in the last several decades, bash is your language.

Can you give an example of a "several decades" old device for which you'd want/need to write a launcher or installer?
That's a good thing. Will also probably help move the needle of politics to the left a bit.
It is common practice to describe the actions of a government in this way. Mostly because what else would "India's campaign" mean?
The great heliocentric conceit. The sun does not rise. Even the phrase “the sun” is heliocentric - which sun? There are many.

https://mindpop.blankenship.io/index.html
How do you delete or update entries in a vector database?
People often modify their environment to make their concepts work. This is true even of counting:

https://metarationality.com/pebbles
Marketing, sales, market testing, and doing what customers want are inherently messy processes. I think people who spend too much time immersed in purely technical work start to think that messy processes are inherently wrong, because there are no definitive right answers.

Probably the best thing to do would be, at the university level, to give engineers more business experience and marketing/sales types more concrete-problem experience. But that would be vocational, and I think universities systematically dislike seeing their work as vocational training.
There is no way in hell you have any kind of backing for the 50% halving number at each version. Prove me wrong.

It's remarkable how many comments on "hacker news" are basically "I like it, trust me it works great". Line noise.
When the language has builtin safety, it has better ergonomics, so there's merit in switching language.
Thanks for posting the original title. I thought the post was about the mental state.
In my experience GPT-4o is better in coding. I tested it with old C and Go. Both gave me better results.
Oops, There Goes the Opsec
I consider them both to be fairly interchangeable in this context, it's obvious that crime isn't linked to whether someone prefers croissants or bratwurst.
libraries are really popular for this, but you don't get to enjoy the drink.

wondering if libraries instead should start to serve drinks.
Pretty much every possible word is an English word, it seems.

"English is a whore, sleeping with every language she encounters, and with a very successful sideline in pickpocketing, rifling through all their pockets for any word she can find", or however the old quote goes.
I find the Wikipedia article also a good summary of the "joke" and is quite chilling to read.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27No_Way_to_Prevent_This,%27_...
What makes you think this hasnt already been done?
same as in any other database
Heightfield fluid sims are much less compute intensive. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/97880.97884

You will trade away details, so this depends entirely on what you need for visuals and interactivity; heightfield fluids won’t give you splashes or bubbles or swirling. You could try to mix a heightfield sim on most of the bottom with a thinner SPH layer on top, but that might be treading into research territory.
Personally, I would say writing compute shaders to do nontrivial tasks like parsing, sorting, and handling data structures. There's a lot of this in Vello. There's a small community of people doing this, which I think will be growing as WebGPU catches on.
TH has been my 3rd place since forever. You can actually get a medium coffee for under $2. The same at Starbucks would be 3x the price. Canadians can be very quick to put it down though.
You need to do drugs to think politically left? Why?
Over time I suspect India-US relations will be more difficult than China-US relations.

China has a largely separate cultural, media & technology spaces from the US and both are doing as much as they can to disentangle other sectors. So they can be enemies at a distance.

India overlaps in so many ways that it's hard to resolve disputes. Is it okay for YouTube host content that promotes the caste system or Khalistan independence? Should Mastercard to business with Indian banks perform transactions against the spirit of US sanctions?
Cyber-resilient approach for warfighting platforms
I don’t do marie but smoking as an everyday thing sounds more pleasant than drinking as an everyday thing. But I’m from a binge drinking culture.
I am very glad for your understanding. No, no blog at this time. Noted; humbly.
> There are also related restrictions about function call barriers. AFAIK the Rust compiler cannot "peek into" called function bodies to figure out what's actually going on inside those functions (and that information would be very valuable for fine-grained borrow checking), it can only work with the information in the function signature.

I don't think it's so much "can not" as it is "will not". Allowing the function signature to be determined by the body can lead to accidentally breaking callers by changing the body.

That, at least, is consistent with other parts of the signature: the input/output types and how the lifetimes of input/output references are related.
ANSI Common Lisp was criticized when it came out for having a bloated standard library and feature set.

It’s not extensive like python, but it’s not C.
You know how many times I've been teased with something that will only be visible in the southern hemisphere? Maybe it's a grass is always greener on the other side, but I definitely want to spend enough time in the southern hemisphere to balance things out. Of course when I finally do get to spend time there, all the cool things will only be visible in the northern hemisphere. I swear, it's like changing lanes in traffic.
Huh, I just disabled it in Preferences and kept on rolling. This is the other viable option: Settings->Pointer->General and disable cmd-click opens filename/URL.
iPod?
> Or is that just me?

Click around on Karlstack some more.
ChatGPT Down
Google Blog: Google Play Points is leveling up the rewards game
I remember going to a conference at Stanford and I overheard more than one group of students talking about Sam Altman. Around Cornell I hear a lot of conversations of students who, on the other hand. think getting ahead is getting ahead in academia. I definitely find grad students are interested in hearing about adventures in startup land but they aren’t steeped in that the way Stanford students are.
Walking to my own car, just before I passed in front of a Toyota Corolla hybrid it began to silently move two steps in front of me. While nothing actually happened, it was jarring and scary. If i had walked faster I might have been clipped or had my foot run over (not to diss Corolla specifically, it could have been any other silently running vehicle).
No one goes there anymore. It's too crowded.
One side has a basis in neuroscience[0], the other in a need to exploit naive optimism to make the stock go up.

[0] https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/592344/determined-b...
Psychological trait: Openness. It's associated with Liberalism and the political left.

Also see [Big Five personality traits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits).
> Tesla doubling down on vision only and how this would prove to be dangerous and ineffective. A year has gone by and not only have we not seen the catastrophe that was thought to be inevitable, but Autopilot has gotten leaps and bounds better.

Maybe it’s better in terms of customer satisfaction or reliability, but in terms of the SAR J3016 standard, it hasn’t improved at all.
Not at all. Never heard of it. In US, we only have "black ice".
If you disable WebGL you're putting yourself in the 2% of devices that don't support it.

That's not fantastic, but with WebGL enabled just the extension list can be used to narrow you down way further than that - according to https://amiunique.org/ 0.35% of users share my exact supported extensions list. My `gl.getParameter(gl.RENDERER)` seems to be unique to me, for some ungodly reason. The output from rendering a single triangle also narrows me down to 0.8% of all users.
Very long but well written account of facts and commentary.

The summary section describing the cold war environment of distrust ... which made each side assume the worst from the other side ... felt like a mirror of today's political polarization in various parts of the world. Where benefit of doubt is rarely given to the other side.
TIL that city bus drivers making $120k/yr, far more than the average office worker are considered 'blue collar'.
When my wife and I do our morning walks around downtown Phoenix in the early AM, we're always amazed at how much weed we can smell. I mean, 6:30am -- a good part of the city smells like a Bob Marley concert -- how do people get anything done these days?
DBS exists and works. It saves people's lives who have essential tremors.
I didn't propose to migrate to rust.
Not the original poster, but I'd imagine something similar to gay marriage; after decades of "it'll collapse society if people can do x" warnings, it becomes clear they were wildly overblown.
In high turbulence situations, the crew will take a seat from what I've experienced.
A Dog Riding a Skateboard: Some Preliminary Thoughts on Tesla's FSD
I like the blog site, it's using scroll language, cool !