skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
These, technically, are realistic benchmarks as they execute your average web application code...or what used to remotely resemble one.

Comparing purely interpreted languages or interpreted + weak JIT compiler + dynamically typed (Python, JavaScript, Ruby, PHP, BEAM family) to the ones that get compiled in their entirety to machine code (C#, Java, Go, C/C++/Rust, etc.) is not rocket science.

There is a hard ceiling as to how fast an interpreter can go - it has to parse text (if it's purely scripting language) first and then interpret AST, or it has to interpret bytecode, but, either way, it means spending dozens, hundreds or even thousands of CPU cycles in a worst case scenario per each individual operation.

Consider addition, it can be encoded in bytecode as, let's say, single 0x20 byte followed by two numeric literals, each taking 4 bytes (i32). In order to execute such operation, an interpreter has to fetch opcode, its arguments, then it has to dispatch on a jump table (we assume it's an optimized interpreter like Python's) to specific opcode handler, which will then load these two numbers into CPU registers, do addition and store the evaluation result, and then jump back to fetch the next opcode, and then dispatch it, and so on and so forth.

Each individual step like this takes at least 10 cycles (or 25 or 100, depends on complexity) if it's a fancy new big core and can also have hidden latency due to how caches and memory prefetching works. Now, when CPU executes machine code, a modern core can execute multiple additions per cycle, like 4 or even 6 on the newest cores. This alone, means 20-60 times of difference (because IPC is never perfect), and this is with the simplest operation that has just two operands and no data dependencies or other complex conditions.

Once you know this, it becomes easier to reason about overhead of interpreted languages.
I can see why managers would love this, social pressure around doing work and working faster.
"Creatures in nature" also "farm" and have symbiotic and/or co-evolutionary relationships with other species.

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20630-zoologger-the-f...
Here’s the actual report the article is based on:

https://ember-climate.org/app/uploads/2024/05/Report-Global-...
I'm not sure this would be useful to me, because I don't switch between various projects that would benefit from different tab groups, but sounds like it could be useful! Good luck.
The prices being analyzed here are housing prices as measured per-bedroom.

I would suspect that housing prices per-square-foot might have a different effect.

Anecdotally, childcare and education costs seem to be a bigger concern among people I've talked to.
BIOL 104: Principles of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Shouldn't there be enough known-good training content that we can use it to determine if a document is worth including in a training set?
Related: Good Ezra Klein Show with Jennifer Sciubba, that clarifies a lot of the myths around fertility rates. Transcript here:

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/19/podcasts/transcript-ezra-...
> I’m amazed how well their marketing worked to convince people that water is literally toxic unless it comes bottled.

Not too many people think this, there are so many places where the tap water is not good for drinking.

I have never in my life heard anybody talk about improving tap water to make it good for drinking, and when I mention it people dismiss it. And then everybody rages against bottled water.

> not only requested but insisted bottled water during the stay.

Yes, this happens all the time. It is amazing how distrustful people can be of fresh water in nature. I blame it on urbanisation and the cattle-fication of the population by the human farmers controlling schooling and media.
In theory? Nothing. In practice? A few things coalesce to make the situation more complicated:

1. Sex is a fundamentally asymmetrical power dynamic. For a conventional porn actress, it's frequently something that's done to you. These sex workers become passive actors in a transaction that directly taxes their mind & body, something very rare in other industries.

2. Sex work comes with a hefty opportunity cost. Any reputation you create for yourself in the sex industry becomes toxic once you leave -- and eventually you do have to leave it. It's a job that consumes all of your prime working & education years in exchange for little, if any, future opportunity.

3. Sex work is often, by far, the most lucrative job available to a young woman. Some young women simply have no other realistic choice to pay the bills. This in and of itself isn't a problem unique to sex work, however it does uniquely suck for sex workers because of the prior two issues. How do you stand up for yourself when the other party knows you can't walk away? How do you save for the future if you need the money today?
It's self-evidently false because you depend on multiple processes
I used to live in Texas near the biggest deaf school in the U.S. From my understanding, some people in the deaf community do consider the word "cured" to be offensive because they don't consider their condition to be a disease.

I don't know if that's the dominant view and preference, but if that's the case, perhaps we should all learn to respect their culture, as much as we're all learning to respect (up to some point) people's self-identified identities, preferred pronouns, etc. It's a matter of education and cultural change so that more people are aware and respectful.

For those saying that science should not consider people's preferences, that's true but communicating about science definitely should. At least up to some point where they're not offending a large number of people.

(..Hmm, but should they really? What about religious people who are offended by the idea of evolution..)
Right. The current world population growth rate is about where it was at the time of World War II, and that growth rate was the highest it had been in about 8000 years. The baby boom in the 1950s and 1960s was a world-wide phenomena, and we are not at that peak now, but world population is currently growing faster than it did from 4000 BC to 1940.

Some countries, like in the Baltics, are seeing population decline, but human population is still growing fairly quickly.
Another complication for LVDS capture is that HDR content is always tonemapped/filtered (OLED ABL etc) before it is sent to the panel, and that processed version is what you would get with LVDS capture. It might be usable, but it would be a downgrade from other capture or decryption methods which grab the unprocessed HDR video.
IIRC, an early version of myspace actually used a GET form for login. It immediately redirected, but if your browser was wide enough, and your eye was trained on the address bar and knew what to look for, you'd see the password flash by in plaintext.
Indeed, but then there is, "using a query language designed for data analysis in event sourced systems to: read, parse, version, and write system and configuration files instead of using VCS like Git" levels of wrong, and sales/marketing professionals in charge of the system wrong.

Time is measured in quarters, money is measured vaguely by proximity to sales.

Thought using excel as a database was bad? Try working in a system where strings are `eval`ed in SQL, and every state change is stored in intermediate or virtual tables, then thrown away, so no actual version control is taking place; just diffing and merging Unix configuration files.

Why not use diff and patch? Takes too much time and money, they only know SQL.
Lyman Stone, who is screenshotted in this post, attempts to address this [1]. His conclusion is that migration is not sufficient to explain the effect, but I have not looked in detail. In the past I have found his explanations compelling but I can't vouch for this one.

[1] https://twitter.com/lymanstoneky/status/1775154652452999259
Most will probably come from non-major cities and towns so I doubt it will be a problem. CCP knows they can take stuff pretty far. Probably only food production and fossil fuels are their chokepoints.
You make it sound like it's just a theory -- it's a well-documented fact. It's not hidden or nefarious or anything.

Yes, they absolutely generate a wide selection of thumbnails and show different ones to different users based on what kinds of shows they like.

E.g. if you like action, thumbnails will emphasize action. If you're into romance, thumbnails will emphasize romance.

I don't really see anything wrong with it. Any given show may be "about" lots of different things, and any single thumbnail will invariably emphasize one thing and totally ignore other things. It's not like there's any "one true thumbnail".
The "Problem" mentioned in the clickbait title:

> In the weeks following the surgery, a number of threads retracted from the brain, resulting in a net decrease in the number of effective electrodes. This led to a reduction in BPS (bits per second). In response to this change, we modified the recording algorithm to be more sensitive to neural population signals, improved the techniques to translate these signals into cursor movements, and enhanced the user interface. These refinements produced a rapid and sustained improvement in BPS, that has now superseded Noland’s initial performance.

https://neuralink.com/blog/prime-study-progress-update-user-...
At least this one has celebrities making statements, and not just "here's what 10 people who have 15 followers each said"
> I have multiple times wondered which of those two approaches would be better in a given situation, often wanting some aspects of both.

ADTs are closed to extension with new cases but open to extension with new functions, eg. anytime you want to add new cases, you have to update all functions that depend on the ADT, but you can add as many functions for that ADT as you like with no issues.

Traits are open to extension with new cases but closed to extension with new functions, eg. you can add as many impl as you like with no issues (new cases), but if you want to add a new function to the trait you have to update all impl to support it.

They are logical duals, and the problem of designing systems that are open to extension in both cases and functions is known as the expression problem:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_problem
bummer it does not work on Windows.

I develop on Windows, Mac, and Nix
I did some work on a MTA a while back and it was genuinely pretty neat to send legit emails to my real mail accounts by just connecting to a port and typing the raw SMTP commands into it. E.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol#...

Simpler times, when we thought we could trust everyone on the net :)
ChatGPT's hallucinations draw EU privacy complaint
> Symbolica is 10 times faster and uses 60 times less memory than Maxima on a medium-sized problem. The larger sized problem does not run with Maxima

Hah...change "Maxima" to "Macsyma" and "Symbolica" to "SMP" and that is close to a slide I remember seeing around 1980 in a presentation by Wolfram and Cole explaining why they had developed a new computer algebra system, SMP, instead of using one of the already available systems.

I don't remember the exact numbers on their slide, but same situation. Existing systems could handle the medium problems that came up in their physics research but were slow and used a lot of memory, and could not do the large problems.
> People would be vegetarians in a heartbeat if they saw how meat is produced.

No, because most people wouldn't care.
There are plenty of OS written in C++, already that is an improvement over bare bones C.

For example, Meadow uses a C++ mikrokernel, with everything else written in C#.

https://www.wildernesslabs.co/
Misconfig Mapper
Smcin has answered your other point. Let me respond to this one:

> But if you delete your comments, you won't get anything at all anymore. If they remain, real humans will still benefit directly or indirectly. And why should I write exclusicly for openAI? I share my knowledge for anyone.

The goal -- implicitly for AI companies and explicitly for many of the commenters on this story -- is to replace sites like Stack Exchange. Stack Exchange's traffic will instead go to ChatGPT. The most likely outcome of this is that Stack Exchange will eventually shut down or severely degrade its service. If ChatGPT were a supplemental tool, one user out of many, you would be right. But it's not a complement, it's a competitor, designed to make a profit off of assimilating my work without giving me any compensation or credit.
I've seen articles about this: https://www.looper.com/274997/the-secret-behind-netflixs-per...
Sum types are disjoint unions. This `T` has three cases

L = { tag: "a", payload: string } | { tag: "b", payload: number }
R = { tag: "b", payload: number } | { tag: "c", payload: boolean }
T = L | R

whereas a proper sum type `L + R` would have four.
Microsoft's Xbox Turmoil
BEAM has a preemptive scheduler and being able to use all available core is a part of the standard runtime and language primitives, and does not require a separate library. The standard library, OTP, builds on top of those language primitives. The whole language and runtime is designed from its foundations to work with massive concurrency.

This is one of the things I think why Elixir isn't as popular: people think that Nodejs or Python can do with Elixir or Erlang do, but they don't.
I can easily argue that people don't think in terms of boolean logic. For one, the evidence seems as strong that people generally think backwards from the answer far more than they do forwards from the ingredients. This is often why new things are so long to be discovered. It isn't that people couldn't have gotten there, but they didn't know to go for it.

For two, addition is a wildly disparate thing everywhere we use it. We like to joke that computers made that hard, but literally half of intro chemistry is learning how to get thing to add together in a meaningful way, no? Balancing a chemical equation is a thing.
Java's sealed classes are still somewhat more limited than Rust's or Haskell's sum types, in that each instance of the superclass holds a fixed variant (i.e., subclass), so you can't change the variant without creating a new instance. Clearly, this limitation is necessary for references to stay intact, but I've personally ran into this issue when trying to represent a sum type in an ORM.
That seems great if a failure always results in a crash. There are a ton of failure modes where your result will just spuriously be wrong.
Also, a proof that it is updated in real-time: https://play.clickhouse.com/play?user=play#U0VMRUNUICogRlJPT...
> There's definitely use cases where PGMQ wont compare to RabbitMQ, or Kafka, though.

I'd be curious to know more about which sorts of use cases fall into this category.
No, I think fish and avians should be avoided for consumption as well but the article is about beef and we need to start somewhere. Cows are sentient emotional social animals as we are.
Sonos says its controversial app redesign took 'courage'
The Life of a Bug: From Customer Escalation to PostgreSQL Commit
Because it is not by default, you don't really use all the cores by default either.
Did the title change, because can't disabilities also be "cured"?
to you, this is a pedantic argument. but to millions of Deaf people in the US alone, this is a very important political point. for example, lots of Deaf people who prefer to live without cochlear implants face lots of pressure from people who consider deafness to be a "disease" to be "cured", when in fact, they feel their most authentic way of living to be something different. in this way, language is significant
See the first reply to the question linked below. I have nothing more to add.

https://elixirforum.com/t/how-to-make-dialyzer-more-strict/1...
This has always been a dream, because there is a "perfect" way for your body to climb a route but it would be insanely complex to calculate, especially when factoring in every tiny physiological aspect like ankle strength and hamstring flexibility.

This is a really cool step though.

Maybe a more useful variant with the current tech would be isolating a single move and seeing every variation the AI can think up.
These prices are wholesale. Retail power customers don't pay these prices.
Burnout Is Pushing Workers to Use AI–Even If Their Boss Doesn't Know
All my experience with Microsoft in gaming in the last 5-10 years felt like the "corporate gaming" experience. The Minecraft migration, logging into games using Microsoft accounts, and various small intricacies, all give a corporate user experience compared to others in the (PC) gaming space.
Very very well written but seems like mostly author has an axe to grind with spoiled elites, not that that isn't an axe worth grinding.
This article seems to be relevant

>This blog post sheds light on the groundbreaking series of A/B tests Netflix did which resulted in increased member engagement. Our goals were the following:

>Identify artwork that enabled members to find a story they wanted to watch faster [0]

Although it doesn't say that they give different thumbnails to different users, just that they tested different thumbnails for overall performance using A/B testing. So I'd like a source for customized per-user thumbnails. Although I only skimmed the article so I might have missed it.

[0] https://netflixtechblog.com/selecting-the-best-artwork-for-v...
I'm working towards my own language, and I'm sort of stuck on this issue, too:

Namely:

1. Should the "default" (syntactically-sugar'd) arrays in the language (e.g. `int[]`) be restricted to simple contiguous storage, or should they also hold (potentially negative) stride, etc?

2. Should I have multidimensional arrays? (to be clear, I'm talking about contiguous blocks of data, not arrays-holding-pointers-to-arrays)

3. Should slicing result in a view, or a copy?
(naturally, some of these options conflict)

I'm honestly erring towards:

1. "fat" arrays;

2. multidimensional arrays;

3. slicing being views.

This allows operations like reversing, "skipping slices" (e.g. `foo[::2]` in Python), even broadcasts (`stride=0`) to be represented by the same datastructure.
It's ostensibly even possible to transpose matrices and such, all without actual copying of the data.

But there are good arguments for the reverse, too. E.g. "fat" arrays need 1 more `size_t` of storage per dimension (to store the stride), compared to "thin" arrays. And a compiler can optimize thin ones much better due to more guarantees (for example, a copy can use vector instructions instead of having to check stride first). Plus "thin" arrays are definitely the more common scenario and it simplifies the language.

So, yeah, still not quite sure despite liking the concept. One obvious option would be for `int[]` to be a thin array, but offering `DataView<int>` [1]. The problem with that is that people implementing APIs will default to the easy thing (`int[]`) instead of the more-appropriate-but-more-letters `DataView<int>`. Ah, dilemmas.

[1] (not actual syntax, but I figured I'd use familiar syntax to get the point across)
I tend to agree, but it also is difficult for economies that have been built on the idea that growth can and will continue forever.
I'm really tired of having "I should have children" shoved down my throat. I guess I should expect that from something called @morebirths. Now its low fertility?

I'm nearly 40, live in the densest neighborhood in Denver and I don't have a single friend here who has or wants kids. I do have tons of friends with kids - none of them live in the city. And I refuse to ever live in a suburb again.

I can't remember the last time that I saw a kid. I don't even know where the nearest school is.

edit: Downvoted for my personal anecdote, from someone who actually lives in the city. Never change, HN. Even flagged this post.
Cloud-Native Ready Authorization Modeling
Tesla Quietly Removes All U.S. Job Postings
Great link. I love it that RAS Syndrome is an example of itself.

I think a very relevant part of the article is “A limited amount of redundancy can improve the effectiveness of communication”

The prevalence of “PIN number” suggests it’s a useful redundancy.
This is currently downvoted, but it's a valid question. The concept at play is "ghost acres". The idea being that you might have a wonderful regenerated plot of productive land, but if it requires a massive amount of land elsewhere to maintain, you might not have gained as much as you think.
Hear you! Coming soon. There are some OS specific patches we made to Chromium that make this less straightforward
Ever dream? It’s the same thing.

Of course we still need real world data, but it seems like generated data should also play a role. Humans don’t weight dreams equally with reality, however, and that’s a distinction I feel is missing here.
If I could just finally achieve a true kundalini awakening, then I could tell you.
A tale of two downtowns in L.A.: As offices languish, apartments thrive
There is an entire class of YouTube video of the first moments that people see color, or hear, and it is absolutely, without question, the most joyous and wonderful class of video out there. Just so many happy tears.

Little kids hearing their mother's voice for the first time. Friends seeing color for the first time after being given corrective glasses as a gift.

Highly recommended watching.
> Could you not get most of the benefits of ADTs using structs + unions + enums?

The modelling aspects can be simulated, yes, but that's barely half of the benefits of ADTs. Pattern matching is a big ergonomic benefit.
Wanted to add to the usual "why is BEAM not more popular" conversation that there is also Gleam [1], which is an up and coming typed language on top of BEAM. It has the more common C-like syntax and a growing ecosystem of libraries, for example Lustre [2]. Unlike Elixir it has a much tighter syntax without all the macro magic. It also does not wrap around Erlang processes and you have to use those directly. To myself I see it as more of a Go for BEAM, although I am sure people would criticize me for making such generalization.

It sucks that syntax matters but it kind of does. I, for one, am somewhat put off by meta-programming and flexibility of Elixir. The idea of having to learn a syntax per-library I struggle to see the benefits of. I have never programmed Ruby or Lisp so perhaps I have not experienced the joy of what Elixir has to offer...

[1] https://gleam.run/

[2] https://github.com/lustre-labs/lustre
Thanks for the feedback! I will see if I can slow down the slideshow. You can see more demos in the docs and the live notebook.

An expression is very general. Each variable and function is commutative and should hold for the complex numbers. For functions you can set if they are symmetric, linear or antisymmetric. Non-commutativity can be emulated by adding an extra argument that determines the ordering or by giving them different names.

If you use the Polynomial class instead of Expression, you can choose the field yourself. This is especially the clear in Rust where most structures are generic over the field. For example:

MultivariatePolynomial<AlgebraicNumberRing<RationalField>>

or

UnivariatePolynomial<FiniteField<u64>>
Anecdotally, I think anyone who reads HN for a while will realize it to be a negative, cynical place.

Posts written in sweet syrupy tones wouldn’t do well here, and jokes are in short supply or outright banned. Most people here also seem to be men. There’s always someone shooting you down. And after a while, you start to shoot back.
Google Cloud's asteroid hunt could mean better AI models for astronomy
Astronomers are working with Google Cloud to build AI models that detect asteroids, identifying nearly 30,000 candidates in a few weeks. The research has implications for pure science, of course, and to detect potential hazards to space navigation and threats to Earth.
Call for Evidence On the review of the UCITS Eligible Assets Directive [PDF]
tldr: https://news.bitcoin.com/eu-regulator-considers-crypto-inclu...