skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is so interesting!

I wonder if anyone has ever tried an implementation that prioritizes even more minimal memory usage for small strings?

Of the three implementations discussed, the smallest (on a 64-bit system) is 24 bytes.

How about 8 bytes: the union of a single pointer and a char[8]?

For strings of 6 or fewer characters, it uses the first 6 bytes to store the string, one for the null terminator, and the last byte to store the length, but with a trick (see below).

For strings of 7 or more characters, it uses all 8 to store the address of a larger block of memory storing the capacity, size, and string bytes.

The trick is to use the last byte as a way to know whether the bytes are encoding a short string or a pointer. Since pointers will never be odd, we just store an odd number in that last byte. For example, you could store (size << 1) | 0x1

So if the last bit is 1, it's a short string. The size is bytes[7] >> 1, and the data() pointer is just equal to the string itself.

If the last bit is 0, treat the whole data as a pointer to a structure that encodes the capacity and size and then string bytes as usual.
But your answers will still be available on SO, unless you remove them. Your answers were free and publicly available until you removed them. Making them also available to paying customers of chat-gpt does not change that at all.

In fact, chat gpt will probably still be able to answer those questions, so you removing your answers actually only removes them from the public, thus forcing people to use a paid product instead.

You had one goal, and your actions achieved the opposite.

Siuan Sanche's law of unintended consequences ought to be taught in primary school. Unfortunately it isn't.
DNSSEC is complicated as hell, more tutorials are always welcome.
Previous discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37153756
We partially fixed this problem with two actions in my current position.

The first one is the Documentation Owner, each person/team is responsible for some of the documentation and must keep it updated.

But we are documenting the features of the product parts. Like the NLP Search Engine and documenting why we are doing this and the project's scope.

for the coding part, I believe the code should not have any documentation it should be lean
Smarter vehicles could mean big changes for the traffic light
This used to be all the rage when folks were into DSP
Any references to support this?
Myths about Multics (2019)
... or a persistent data-structure [1].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_data_structure
CGI. But once you loose control of your memory in a large code base it is practically impossible to regain it. So you can’t move to long lived server processes when you decide to enter the more modern era.
Feminism was built on the rejection of women being thought of as the “weaker sex” and that women are “equal to men”. For 176 years women have used men as the benchmark for value. Not a lot of self-acceptance in that scheme. That’s ironic.
>the protestors say they are against all car manufacturers

Which is ironic, considering the German economy supporting their education system, healthcare system, and welfare state that gave them that comfy lifestyle enabling them to have the time, money and freedom to protest without starving to death or being in debt for their education and healthcare, was built and funded in large part by that auto industry they're protesting against. There's something poetic about it here.

It's great to live in a country where you have the luxury to protest against investors bringing local jobs, since a lot of people in rich western nations take this for granted, as people in less fortunate nations, even very close to Germany, would kill to have Elon build a Tesla fab in their city and give them jobs (not that I'm a fan of his, quite the contrary, but more jobs on the market is always better for employees).
Which opinion?
The first explanation that really clarified memory barriers for me was from Paul E. McKenney:

http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/scalability/paper/whymb.2...
There was talk of 'voice engine' and the trademarks and details for that recently, I wouldn't be surprised to see that, mixed with the Gpt4-lite model which seems to be floating around (possibly GPT2-chatbot), maybe the lighter model is needed to allow low latency and also to lower compute costs.

I'm hoping that free chatgpt will move on from ChatGPT 3.5 in the process as well, as it seems there are two versions of the new model, I assume the free ChatGPT gets the smaller model and the paid one a better model which seems to be doing really well with more complex tasks, perhaps we shall also see agents involved.

To me, it's got to be fairly big news for them to have an event, it's not often they do, so it is a significant release which Sama has tweeted is like 'magic' but not search (as previously rumoured) or GPT5.
YOu can't make that comment without justification!

Email for sharing documents just works for me and the vast majority of the business and IT world. Frankly, I don't agree with you.
Nice article. Good explanation and good guidelines.

Sometimes the evenly split windows don't cut it. I put the following function in the init.el file and bind "C-x 7" to it to adjust the current window and its peer to 70% and 30% sizes vertically. Same for horizontally with a "C-x 8" key binding.

(defun partial-size-window ()
"Set the two split windows to 70% and 30% vertically."
(interactive)
(let ((size (- (truncate (* .70 (frame-height))) (window-height))))
(if (> size 0)
(enlarge-window size))))

(defun partial-size-window-h ()
"Set the two split windows to 70% and 30% horizontally."
(interactive)
(let ((size (- (truncate (* .70 (frame-width))) (window-width))))
(if (> size 0)
(enlarge-window-horizontally size))))
The “art world” is wildly divorced from the tastes of the majority of people in society - one could uncharitably but not inaccurately characterise the modern art world as a means to arrange for low cost materials to be purchased for vast sums in tax advantageous ways.

If we look at an art form where there is a lot of validation by the majority of people, tv and films, we see people “painting the same thing” all the time because that’s what the “zeitgeist” is interested in

500 years ago there were very few books and the west European zeitgeist was mostly the bible anyway.
It would be really great if they could respond immediately using locally-generated information, and then seamlessly weave in data that comes back from the cloud.
> Walter doing that is why compiling my work project uses 70 gigs of ram and is slow - because nothing stays in the cache

This sounds like guesswork. Do you know the details of DMD's internals? Have you done profiling to confirm poor cache behaviour?

Again, per the article I linked, when Walter made the change there was a drastic improvement in performance.

> everything gets copied so much (because copies are cheap right?)

I'm not sure what copying you're referring to here. Declining to call free has nothing to do with needless copy operations.

> like should end up near like whereas if you have everything going through a single bumping allocator then you can have a pattern of ABABAB where a proper allocator would do AAABBB which the cache can actually use.

A general purpose allocator like malloc can't segment the allocations for different types/purposes, it only has the allocation size to go on. That's true whether or not you ever call free. If you want to manage memory using purpose-specific pools, you'd need to do that yourself.

As for whether this really would improve cache performance, I imagine it's possible, which is why we have discussions about structure-of-arrays vs array-of-structures, and the entity component system pattern used in gamedev. I'd be surprised if compiler code could be significantly accelerated with that kind of reworking, though.
It's just evidence that keeps the possibility of panspermia open.

In the years since the Urey-Miller experiment, all of the bases in DNA/RNA have been shown to form in a huge variety of conditions, many of which would have been present before the oceans even fully condensed so its not considered a goldilocks problem anymore. On top of that, it looks more and more likely that some sort of extremophile archae that would have evolved in those extreme conditions are the common ancestors of life instead of a branch that evolved separately.

Panspermia is possible but there's plenty of evidence that life emerged on earth without external help.
This is one of the questions of AGI: If AGI and autonomy, then what might be their motivations and goals? Which might be the obvious avenues for advancement that we haven't cared about or even noticed? If goo mortality is not a concern, then what changes?

The questions of "galaxy colonized by robots" is only one possible direction.
If the ban was for cheating, then it's very much "cool". Cheating in an online game should earn you a ban from all online games, period. Any other argument is akin to saying "people who do not cheat deserve a worse experience than those who do."
This isn't an uncollectable reference cycle. It's true that with this code in most/all JS engines, if there's a reference to the function `longLived` then `largeObject` will be kept in memory, but reference cycles are collectable in standard garbage collection systems. Both of the values will be garbage-collectable once no outside references to `longLived` still exist. Pure reference counting systems (Rust Rc, C++ shared_ptr, etc) are the kind of system that fail to automatically handle cycles.

You could test this with your code by setting a FinalizationRegistry to log when they're both finalized, unset any outside reference to `longLived`, and then do something to force a GC (like run Node with --expose-gc and call `global.gc()`, or just allocate a big Uint8Array).
Are there virtual corn popping in and out of existance everywhere?
Nerves Notes
> if we're at the point of installing a nuclear reactor on Mars, I guess we would also be actively mining and processing water in large quantities

A reactor should be among the first things we put down, ahead of the arrival of humans. And even if we’re processing lots of water, it would be a long time before it’s so abundant that sequestering (and irradiating) such a large amount of it is cheaper than other methods.
In 2024, what US land is being changed, in a meaningful way, to grow corn?
What a terribly written article. Why they oppose the plant expansion isn't explained at all.

At the absolute end of the article, there's a few passing mentions of clearing of forrest and groundwater, but that's it.
This story originally came out in 2022: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/all-of-the-bases-in-dna-...

Past discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33498586
While the author mentions this is mostly applicable to things like FPGAs, there's also an application in gamedev (or any distributed physics simulation). Floating point calculations are tricky to get deterministic across platforms[0]. One solution is to skip floats entirely and implement a fixed-point physics engine. You'd need something like CORDIC to implement all the trig functionality.

I started working on such a thing as a fun side project a few years ago but never finished it. One of these days I hope to get back to it.

[0]: https://randomascii.wordpress.com/2013/07/16/floating-point-...
I got my autism diagnosis in my early 20s (from a licensed psychologist, before you ask).

It was a life-changing experience for me. Suddenly I was able to understand and validate my experiences and shortcomings, and to improve myself based on that understanding, instead of resigning myself to the fact that I’ll always just be a ‘weird’ human with ‘weird’ opinions, feelings and experiences.

I suppose though that since a random guy on HN said so, this is actually impossible, and I should just go back to having the entirety of my lived experience dismissed as ‘weird’.

Gee, I’m sure glad we cleared that up.
That makes sense to me I think! In things going back as far as command and conquer, mousewheel up zooms in, and mousewheel down zooms out.
I think that's a dangerous way to phrase things. Not because it's technically wrong, but because of its implications. It doesn't make sense to compare things on a purely "above 0" standard when the orders of magnitude are completely different. Pointing out their "above 0" commonality them makes them sound much more similar than they are in reality.

Edit: In hindsight, I probably overreacted due to the many instances of this exact comment I've seen on a whole range of topics that were more egregious than this one, but I'll leave it as-is to reflect on.
GP's comment has been edited since my post. The original said something like "regenerate diagrams according to student questions". It's obviously a bad idea if you're trying to learn vectors and the entire diagram is flipped over the X axis, for example.

Nonetheless, today's AIs still regularly contradict themselves from one sentence to the next. Even if they're only generating text and "modulating" (which I take to mean rephrasing/summarizing), mistakes can and will happen. I stand by my comment even as it applies to the edited GP.
Regexes at the command line are usually about writing a quick throwaway pipeline that you tweak into working once in a specific case. It doesn't have to be a correct or reliable implementation, it just has to get the job done correctly in this instance. Special cases you may have encountered but didn't can be ignored.

If you are doing sometime repeatedly, especially if it's automated, then yes, if possible you should write/adopt a real parser and add error handling and such.

ETA: A notable exception is file paths and similar. Regexes are a totally acceptable way to parse those (modulo issues like escaping user input).
That was back in the early 60s, funded by ARPA as part of Project MAC. The “customers” were the kinds of people who cared about the rainbow books (hint: all government), though the science was open.

ARPA (later DARPA) funded a lot of things that were built under contract, not just pure research.

Most of project MAC was pure research and a lot of it is still fundamental and influential today.
Mining on Earth is already electrifying and going remotely piloted and a little bit autonomous [1].

[1] https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/no-one-behind-the-...
Can you point me.to something about the extrmophile archae hypothesis?
In common use ("don't be morbid", "that's morbid") I agree that 'morbid' has a connotation of death, so I don't think your understanding is wrong. In this case, a 'co-morbidity' is a term of art in the medical literature with the specific meaning of "occurring with".
500-year-old maths problem turns out to apply to coffee and clocks
> This led me to believe B had a literal conversation where a literal CTO was not-literally thrown "under the bus", meaning "authority figure was told the CTO was to blame for $X". Authority figure for a CTO is generally CEO.

Yeah, that whole scenario was made-up by you or speedbird2, or both in unison. You read words that weren't there. Here's what the thread really said:

ronxio: Raise a huge stink.

speedbird2: Throwing the CTO under the bus!

ronxio again: That isn't throwing anyone under the bus. I've literally had that conversation.

ronxio never said the huge stink was raised with anyone else than the CTO. speedbird2 doesn't get to define the terms of ronxio's anecdote; that's not how it works.
Mmm, that sounds rather uncharitable. While obviously Deaf people aren't a hivemind, I think people who are not Deaf (and fully-abled people in particular) should listen when they each speak for themselves instead of coming to broad conclusions of "folly".

For me it began to click due to somewhat similar discussions I've had about my sight (I'm moderately myopic in both eyes and significantly astigmatic in one), where I've explained that:

- yes I actually like wearing glasses, and am not interested in contact lenses at all

- yes I also like my uncorrected vision: I like the softness and the smoothing over of details, and the way that lights scatter, and the fact that I can focus on things that are right in front of my nose

- no it isn't anxiety that's stopping me from getting the likes of LASIK; I actually like having both corrected and uncorrected vision

And it is astonishing how much people who are caught up in their own complexes about vision deficiencies try to convince me that I'm stupid or even lying because I don't share their aversion. It was rather off-putting, to be honest.

So yeah, that was how I began to see how people whose condition (for lack of a better term) is much more strongly linked to their identity[0] would end up with their hackles permanently raised against the idea of a cure for a life experience that they find neutral and/or positive coupled with the prevailing sentiment that they must be so grateful and excited about its existence (and if they aren't then they must be stupid or crazy). Theoretically it's good that the capability exists because it gives the choice to those who do want it, but when a person is part of a group without much societal power to begin with, I don't think it's irrational to fear that it would eventually end up as an imposition rather than a choice (especially when we get obstetric treatment).

0. For example, sign languages are distinct linguistic phenomena and not simply a cipher for spoken language. And wherever there is distinct language, a distinct culture soon follows. This is why "Deaf community" and "Deaf culture" are real things in real life not just something that someone on Twitter made up, contrary to many abled people's assumptions.
Is it really "the economy, stupid"?
It was not just a bandwidth issue. I remember my first encounter with the Internet was on a HP workstation in Germany connected to South-Africa with telnet. The connection went over a Datex-P (X25) 2400 Baud line. The issue with X25 nets was that it was expensive. The monthly rent was around 500 DM and each packet sent also had to been paid a few cents. You would really try to optimize the use of the line and interactive rsh or telnet trafic was definitely not ideal.
My Guilty Pleasure Is My Old Friend, Diet Pepsi
Panspermia doesn’t answer the abiogenesis question anyway. Who cares?
The question is clarified if you distinguish between Buddhism the religion and Buddhism the philosophy. As a Westerner, I can compare it to this: I try to embody the teachings of Jesus Christ but I don't consider myself a Christian because I think the religion has become corrupt in America.
There are also non-autistic people who aren’t able to live independently.
Before people jump to conclusions panspermia really only matters if a) life and its components is extremely rare and/or b) the creation of the precursors for life has to happen in space.

There is strong evidence to suggest that life have started on earth multiple times, it’s nice we find amino acids and other complex compounds on small rocks in space but it would only matter if these compounds somehow don’t form on much bigger rocks like planets.

So the evidence we collected from asteroids and comments so far mainly suggests that the components needed for life can and do form pretty much anywhere at least in our solar system.
True tho detecting untrue maths is a key skill. Unlike software there is no compiler tests whatever step to filter out your own minds flagrant errors.
This looks like a fantastic resource. After a quick scan, I couldn't find any information on how this book was programmed / created. Does anyone know if a particular framework was used, or if this was all coded by hand?
I did NOT read that initially as "clocks"...
FUTO funds Immich with 3 year commitment: best image gallery software [video]
Autism is rooted during fetal brain development. Behavioural and metabolic changes show up later. There is no an egg and chicken problem. The primary disease starts in the CNS and everything else follows
Something worth noting in a lot of these discussions about extraterrestrial organic chemistry is that, assuming that things like electron orbitals and atomic charge work the same across the observable universe, we'd expect to see a lot of the same organic molecules form in similar ways. Life is carbon-based because carbon is the lightest atom that allows for long-chain molecules; oxygen is going to be widely present because its electronegativity allows for a range of interesting interactions; and broadly a number of things like amino acids should be expected to form in similar ways because of the atomic interactions that lead to them. I don't know if we've got a similar theory for why organic molecules on earth exhibit the same chirality except path dependence, but it's possible there's an atomic reason the L-type became dominant here, too. An awful lot of this stuff isn't "a roll of the dice", but an outcome of the physics of atomic and molecular interactions, and we'd expect to see similar elsewhere given the presence of both the atomic constituents and excess energy in the environment.
oh interesting it actually works that way whether you zoom in or out
> it baffles me that someone would oppose a cure to what is obviously a medical condition

Ultimately, not everybody seeks to be "normal", and there is plenty of reason to fear the imposition of normalness when simply being functional would have done just fine.
Interesting they don’t protest at the factory of VW, or BMW, or Mercedes, or Porsche. Maybe it’s not actually the “environment” they’re protesting for.
From my understanding, no one has any idea how life could possibly have emerged on Earth without external help.

The only evidence they have that it did is that all other alternatives seem even less plausible to them.

The corrective to this is for them to question their assumptions.

I recommend the book The Stairway to Life: An Origin-of-Life Reality Check by Tan & Stadler.
It's very soft evidence, of the sort "if there is a roadblock to original of life, it isn't in the production of these particular simple chemicals".
>I'd love to hear where or if you think there is an obvious balancing point between shelf-stable and not in solid food?

Not sure I understand the question - but what I will say is that the longer the shelf-life is (non-refrigerated) the more likely it is that it was made in a lab, not a kitchen.

>I've thought of making my own protein bars, as I work out quite a bit and would prefer understanding exactly what I'm consuming. But I also don't want to throw away food that isn't getting consumed.

That was the mentality the guys who created RxBar had. They were avid gym goers and wanted something better, so they made it themselves. Worked out for the two of them to the tune of a $600 Million exit.

Making your own protein bars is actually surprisingly simple.
Ahh, nice one dares to proffer this. I can plug my own wondering about if one can formulate an aritmetic derivative that instantiates the Kähler differential concept (but I'm supposed not to ask unless I already knew the answer, so what'd'be the point).
I would say that this makes panspermia less likely as it suggests that the components for life emerge everywhere so they aren’t that rare to require a transportation mechanism.
This game is excellent.
Think twice before exercising your stock options
Curious lack of sprintf scaling. (2022)
Your conclusion does not follow from your assumptions. You clearly twisted your reasoning to provide an anti-Semitic argument.
Hmm... I know we're on a startup site, but that's really only a very small part of the business world. Microservice architecture/SOA as we used to call it is successfuly employed at many more traditional small, middle and large enterprises and it has nothing to do with interest rates at these places.
I agree completely. It has nothing to do with what OP wanted to know.