skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Three-point seat belts were not mandatory in 1966. The first law was in 1968 and it required only lap and shoulder seat belt assemblies in each front outboard seating position. Other seating positions could have lap or lap and shoulder seat belt assemblies. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529033515/http://www.nhtsa....

And that was only required as part of the standard equipment. People were not required to use them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt_laws_in_the_United_S... says "Seat belt use was voluntary until New York became the first state to require vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, as of December 1, 1984."

Nor were all passengers required to use three-point seat belts. https://www.consumerreports.org/car-safety/anatomy-of-the-mo... says it wasn't until 1989 that "Cars are required to have three-point lap-and-shoulder belts in the outboard rear seats."

From 1959 to 1989 is 30 years.

FWIW, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt notes:

> The first modern three-point seat belt (the so-called CIR-Griswold restraint) commonly used in consumer vehicles was patented in 1955 U.S. patent 2,710,649 by the Americans Roger W. Griswold and Hugh DeHaven.

before later saying:

> The three-point seat belt was developed to its modern form by Swedish inventor Nils Bohlin for Volvo, which introduced it in 1959 as standard equipment.

The 1955 US patent can be seen at https://patents.google.com/patent/US2710649A/en .
While I don't really agree with US copyright law, I think the issue is that it's relatively easy to make infinite copies of ebooks. It's basically impossible to guarantee that if I sell you my digital copy of The Colour of Magic that I don't have it anymore.

With a physical book, that's much easier; I simply don't have the book anymore. I could technically photocopy the entire myself and have the book as backup, but that's a pretty time-consuming process that most people aren't going to bother with.

The "solution" to this could be some kind of DRM, but of course that has its own can of horrible and problematic worms, not the least of which the fact that central signing servers suck.

I had an idea years ago of trying to have some kind of blockchain-based DRM but I never really figured out how to even get started with it so I never did anything with it. Still, I think it could be worth someone giving it a go.
What constitutes a small pond rather than a mini pond in your opinion? Like, what do you think is the minimum size for a stable pond ecosystem? Does depth or surface area matter more?
One of the things with being first on something cool is that it's a no-brainer 30 years later. Everyone thinks things are obvious in hindsight.
Because the problem is not necessarily coding.

90% of the market is just doing CRUDS, and every year there's a new magical website that will make all websites be built by a WYSIWYG drag and drop editor.

The problem is even defining the correct requirements from the start and iterating them.

My concern is not the death of the market, but more of the amount of not good but workable code that's going to make juniors learning path a lot harder.

As others said, I do think this will help productivity by removing the let's please update the readme, changelog, architecture diagram etc etc part of the codebase, and maybe in some cases actually remove the need to generate boilerplate code all together (why bother when it can be generate on the fly when needed for eg).
There are actually, more than a few options if you're willing to tinker. People use RPis as NAS. They're slow but they work as a cheap local backup. Older integrated NAS devices like DNS-320 can be rooted to run a fairly recent debian flavour that comes with security patches, but you have to be familiar with the CLI given that the specs are very low (cpu/ram).

You could buy an old HP Proliant server (gen8?) and plug in 4 x 16TB HDDs and boot from the 5th drive.
Kev has a great site and videos on all things ponds ranging from mini container ponds to full on landscaping ponds with waterfalls and things.

https://ozponds.com/about/

His specialty though is “bog filters”. These are a natural solution to keeping pond water healthy and crystal clear. They work even for small container ponds.

I followed his tutorials and dug a 8x5m lined pond with a 3x3m bog filter and a mini stream connecting them. It’s the highlight of our garden.

Highly recommend.
I enjoyed footnote 5:

⁵ This feature does enable a neat quine: the Perl program “Illegal division by zero at /tmp/quine.pl line 1.”, when saved in the appropriate location, outputs “Illegal division by zero at /tmp/quine.pl line 1.” The reason for this behavior is left as an exercise for the reader.
30% of Children Ages 5-7 Are on TikTok
And then Czechia in 2021 randomly decided it's not worth it? (Russia did not cut access to their resources as a result anyway). Does not make sense.

The breakthrough in the investigation came only post 2018 as a result of Skripal poisonings where the same agents were involved. It took a while to connect the dots.
> Law enforcement impersonation is apparently, “a thing.” To the point, where police talk about the phenomenon as something they expect to see in the course of a normal career.

To be fair, while law enforcement impersonation appears to actually be something of a thing, if that standard were applied consistently, physically-impossible spooky fentanyl action at a distance would also be “a thing”. Law enforcement expectations are often the result of heavy propagandization (often masquerading as professional training).
Makes you wonder if there is encryption on the uplinks for the first batch and how quickly they will be hacked.

Remember how they didn't have encryption for years on the UAVs during the Iraq War and Afghanistan?

https://www.wired.com/2012/10/hack-proof-drone/
India and Russia strengthen bilateral trade and investment ties
The Day Wise Created 250K Variants of a Calculator
I mean, I don't disagree!

The leading coefficient of these tools successfully getting you to/near the goal is all about clearly articulating the domain and the job to be done

Ergo, it's pretty important to craft experiences that make their core mechanic about that. And that's how Copilot Workspace was designed. The LLM generating the code is in some ways the least interesting part of CW. The effort to understand how the code works, which files must be touched, how to make coordinated changes across the codebase — that's the real challenge tackled here.
(2022) (not that it changes much, all seems up to date)
FT press release (not paywalled): https://aboutus.ft.com/press_release/openai
The observable universe has a size, the cosmic microwave background is what we 'see' at the 'edge' in terms of photons (~400k years after the big bang). We could see further if we could map out the gravitational wave or neutrino backgrounds (1 sec after the big bang).

But for now we can't really say if the universe in its entirety has a finite size.
In-Demand Workers Are Staying Put as US Labor Market Cools
Well on that topic, the French series "The Bureau" [1] was fantastic.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bureau_(TV_series)
> I thought it wasn't a big issue until I saw how hard one side fought to keep the name "master".

They only fight that hard because they know the people fighting to remove "master" are (as a group) acting in bad faith.

On this and many other issues they tend to lie about history and language, extort those who don't comply with threats of sabotage towards their projects and/or careers, and will equivocate and dissemble whenever confronted.

It's perfectly fine want to use "main" rather than "master" (that is probably my preference). And it is perfectly fine to suggest other people do as well. But if you suggest it others and they tell "no" (politely or not), the right thing for you to do at that point is to mind your own business.
This theory of multiple points supports the big ring and other structures outside the “this shouldn’t exist” bubble. The bubble is the Big Bang + rate of expansion. It was thought that there was nothing outside of the farthest point… but there is!
I've seen scripts (self-extracting archives for Linux, for example) that checksum themselves either by some trickery, or just ignoring the first line after the shebang (which itself is the computed checksum of the rest of the file).
Comedians would actually make great politicians because the overlapping skillset is quite similar.
No, it's not Habeck that did it. it's the German chancellor that had to step in and enforce it...

And how is telling the truth a bad faith attack?
update: actually we have perl, https://www.mcmillen.dev/sigbovik/
The IMEI Code: Your phone’s other number
>You can load an entire product catalog into LlamaIndex and the LLM will have perfect knowledge of pricing, inventory, etc. This specific domain knowledge of inventory allows you to have the accurate, transactional conversations that a regular LLM isn't designed for.

Aren't we talking about caselaw? You didn't really respond to the point, which distinguished caselaw from information like a product catalog. And rather rudely at that.
I use Copilot in VS code for work and it is great for auto complete, but the chat experience is very poor compared to tools like Cursor. The inline edits are even worse.

Long story short, is I don’t have a lot of confidence in the product right now.

That being said, I am very optimistic on the product long term and I generally like the vision.
At this point I would really love to understand HN algo.

It says for this post:

- 136 points

- 2 hours ago

- 65 comments

Ok

This is now sitting on 5th page at the 122nd spot.

Ummm?
I think it's fair to say(?) that Larry's adoption of regex as a first class aspect of perl was one of its unique strengths. My opinion is that none of the subsequent languages (Python, Go, Rust, etc) that incorporated regex really embraced it - was more of a bolt on. So there has been a syntactic barrier to incorporate or improve regex within those languages. Not so with Larry's raku which had the vision to build on the perl basis and to address many of the inconsistencies that have been baked in elsewhere.
Not these spies apparently. They had meager official income, yet managed to live quite luxuriously.
Scanning the future: the startup behind chipless, metal-free, paper RFID tags
Maybe you value your free time more than me :)
I think that's a bit silly to say. We don't know how the web would have evolved without these languages, but it's pretty evident that modern web development has had some sizable influences on programming in general, and it wouldn't have happened without it's humble beginnings.

I also suggest both languages have evolved quite a bit since. Between these, though, I think modern JS has had the most impact. This can mostly be attributed to the node community, with a great deal of insights from ruby.

Things like async patterns and quality package management have changed our standards for what we expect out of modern languages, despite the coerson based parlor tricks chuckled at by those who don't use the language.

PHP, on the other hand, is still a templating language that lives and dies in a request response cycle.
Disagree. India has a vibrant startup ecosystem that is growing everyday and has produced some good companies like Zomato, Swiggy, Meesho, Zoho, Postman etc and their pay is definitely "somewhat" equivalent for the India cost of living.

In addition to the Indian startups like the ones I mentioned above, India is also a favored outsourcing destination and, because of the population its a huge market for many companies. Most global tech companies have development offices in India and pay good enough salaries for the local market. I'd say that in terms of raw numbers US >> India, but in terms of mobility and options and pay that matches cost of living, they are pretty much the same, with US trying to reduce employee mobility via hostile visa programs.

I am not Eastern European, but I have not heard of many eastern european startups that made it to billions of users. Nor do I hear it as a favored outsourcing destination, not nearly as favored as India. So its not surprising that its hard to find equivalent jobs over there.
Then the thing that confuses me is what other companies are affected by this bill?

It seems like it's worded to specifically target TikTok?
It was mentioned in another comment to the parent. There are no alternatives currently, the whole thing has been built upon llama.cpp since its inception.
Not sure if you’ve heard of Privateer, which generates a viz. of all satellites functional or otherwise. It’s in a similar vein.

https://wayfinder.privateer.com/
As opposed to downloading a binary install file?
It has a surface, though, which is what PP was asking about.An answer to the question is, yes, nesr the edge/face, one side is dark. But relativity and expansion makes the situation a bit more complicated.
Sounds interesting. If you don't mind me asking, what sort of computation requires synchronization across data centers? And why couldn't it be done with NTP?
Well, no. The density in the observed universe is used to extrapolate the number of galaxies in the non-observed universe. The size of that universe is extrapolated from the rate of expansion and the time since the big bang.

The size and shape of the observable universe also changes. A moving observer, say someone doing 30% of lightspeed, will see further in one direction than another. Accelerate quickly enough and the "dark" side of your custom observable universe might catch up with you, causing all sorts of havoc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_effect
> To me that reads like gibberish.

Perhaps you could be more charitable in your reading.

> Common Lisp is used in large-scale commercial and industrial applications, why isn't it "as popular as" Java?

Because those large-scale commercial and industrial Smalltalk applications are mid-1990s business-critical legacy systems!

"Over six months in 1996, Smalltalk’s place in the market changed from the enterprise darling COBOL replacement to yet another disappointing tool with a long tail of deployed applications that needed to be maintained.
…
the commercial Smalltalk vendors were unable to counter the Java hype cycle and development of new Smalltalk-based enterprise applications stopped.
"

https://wirfs-brock.com/allen/posts/914
Sure, but as the commenter above you was saying, it wouldn't be an "invasion." It'll be a series of escalation provocations. Blow something up "by accident", poisonings of escaped dissidents, "little green men" stirring stuff up in the "persecuted" Russian-speaking minority, and then using that as a pretext for more and more strident interventions.

And at each point NATO has to make a decision whether it's "worth it" to escalate into armed conflict over it, and Putin can just keep "bending the stick" until he finds where it's about to snap, and not push any further, while the stick gets a bit weaker and weaker...

I do think the Russians are vulnerable right now in the sense that if they provoked excessively in the fashion they were used to before the invasion of Ukraine, they could open the floodgates to more serious support for Ukraine.
Have to say I also disagree[0]. For my money, the Keyboardio Model 100 has been the best keyboard in terms of functionality and acceptable compromises, but it’s not perfect either. I miss the Kinesis Advantage’s key wells (note: if you’re looking to buy one, buy the 360, not the Advantage2), but the Keyboardio’s thumb cluster and palm keys offset that loss.

Looking at custom keyboards, the Dactyl is probably quite good.

[0] Even if it’s a huge step above normal keyboards.
For people using make and vscode my plugin is a must have:

https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lfm.vsco...

It allows you to click above target to run target.
This is a problem I have a REALLY hard time with when discussing with people, often about scams.

A lot of people look at scams and think "I'd never fall for that" because at face value something looks obvious and you think you can use these obvious filters. BUT in reality there's tons of fuckups like this that make the space confusing because the "red flags" just look like flags.

For example, in the scams where people fake a voice of a loved one people think they'd know. But there's bad connections and scammer makes it feel like an emergency so you'll let little weird things slip by. Or how every year or two Google changes its login page format (and currently I seem to hit two very different formats...). Or a week ago with the rabbit leak I said this was a reason not to push people to download a file[0] and people concentrated on the part of it being a zip and not that 1) you download something and 2) that zip has to be opened even if a zip alone can't do anything.

This really is one of the big dangers of enshitification. It becomes difficult to distinguish legitimate things from scams.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40135671
I assume you're talking about space junk cluttering up those orbits.

Upscale those laser zappers which are now being fielded to combat drones and put them in high-flying aircraft or on mountaintops. Start zapping the debris and clean out those orbits. Larger pieces of junk can be collected by some iteration of MegaMaid™ (in essence an orbiting Roomba). Problem maybe not directly solved but at least postponed to be either solved this way in a number of years or naturally through orbital decay of circulating junk.
Everyone says this, but nearly nobody does it.

Just like security through open source, it's more a nice myth than a reality.
These are high spec cpus for the socket though. Lots of room for people with compatible boards that want to upgrade.

There's a lot of low budget hosting with old Xeon systems (I'm paying $30/month for a dual westmere system; but I've seen plenty of offers on newer gear); you can still do a lot with an 18 core Broadwell, if the power is cheap.
That sounds pretty great! I adopted intermittent fasting this year, so I skip breakfast anyway.
It was either going to be ice or concrete
https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-concrete-fleet...
Woah this is an awesome resource! Thank you.
It's not just "first-mover advantage". I wouldn't even say it's mainly first-mover advantage.

It's the need to maintain super legacy systems and interoperability. There are entire CPU architectures that LLVM does not support and are only commonly supported by C and these things are still everywhere and are really gnarly problems to replace them.

Even if you throw everything away on the software side and start over from scratch, that's going to _force_ you to replace some hardware somewhere that you won't or can't replace.
> a terrifyingly large amount of history would suddenly blink from existence

One response to that is the "The Offline Internet Archive" [0], which includes software to crawl Internet Archive collections and store them to a local server [1].

[0] https://archive.org/about/offline-archive

[1] https://github.com/internetarchive/dweb-mirror
For a full size keyboard, I'd highly recommend the Glove80 [0] instead. For something more compact and portable, look at ZSA's own Voyager [1].

The reason I'd recommend the Glove80 is because a keywell is just so much nicer to type on, especially if you want to actually be able to use the number row without straining your fingers. Their thumb cluster is also the most sane one that I've come across, and the absolute though put into the design is astounding and commendable [2]. The article is definitely worth a read.

I recommend the Voyager especially if you are a believer in 1DFH (1-distance-from-home)[3]. It has very few keys so you'll have to learn about layers [4] and/or home-row mods[5] or my favorite callum-style mods [6].

[0] https://www.moergo.com/

[1] https://www.zsa.io/voyager/

[2] https://www.moergo.com/pages/glove80-ergonomic-keyboard-desi...

[3] https://zealot.hu/absolem/

[4] https://blog.zsa.io/layers-explained/

[5] https://precondition.github.io/home-row-mods

[6] https://github.com/callum-oakley/qmk_firmware/tree/master/us...
The "real problem with capitalism" always boils down to:

1. Lack of competition.

2. Lack of information to reliably choose between competitors.

Which are at odds with each other. In order to ensure sufficient information, you need some kind of framework that keeps out any competitors that cannot satisfy the expected information disclosure, which generally ends up narrowing the field to the small few able to tick the right boxes. Thus, you get the tug-o-war between wanting information and wanting competition.

At the political extremes, some believe that competition is most important above all else, at the other it is believed that information is most important above all else. Interestingly, both extremes tend to lead to socialism. "Competition above all else" means that there are no encumberments in seeing co-operatives form. "Information above all else" means that government becomes so intertwined that the public ends up owning the capital. It's the middle ground where we find the "moats" that keep capitalism alive.

Socialism doesn't really change anything, though. At best you are just moving the problem around as the problem isn't actually capitalism at all. You can see the same dynamic play out even when capital isn't involved. It is much more fundamental.
I think CA propositions have been a boon. CA is a democratic machine state. So you can't get representation for ideas left or right of the centrist viewpoint of CA pols - except, you can with propositions.

The bad props that passed (prop 65, prop 13) are only exceptions that prove the rule.

I would definitely not want to live under royalty. btw, King Charles doesn't make policy. He's a figurehead, not a head of state.
Ask HN: How to use a lot of NVMe M.2 drives?
As a consequence of my embedded systems work, I have a surplus of large M.2 drives (2TB each, in the 22110 form factor) that I would like to put to good use. There are several possibilities that I have discovered or considered:

1. PCIe adapters: Requires free PCIe slot, but most systems have limited number. Best performance and low cost, but it would leave a lot of modules on the table.

2. USB3 adapters: Allows expanding systems without PCI, but I can't find adapters that will safely a 22110 module. Less performant, but allows expanding storage almost indefinitely. Still, a relatively low cost option, even if I include the need to design and print suitable custom enclosures. Note: this does not seem to allow low-level access to the M.2 drive using `nvme`, so it may not be possible to upgrade the firmware for these drives.

3. COTS NAS: Safely utilizes numerous modules in one place with the least effort and disruption to existing systems. Sadly, I have not found an off-the-shelf option that supports 22110 M.2 modules, though this should be a high performance solution (if I'm willing to eat the predictably higher cost).

4. Custom NAS: I could do the initial design work (e.g. board layout and modeling), attract others with complementary skills, and then launch a crowdfunding campaign that aims to build a suitable product in order to serve this niche market.

As the last should suggest, there are no bad ideas here, just limited resources to pursue them.

What would you do, fellow HN reader?
I didn’t say it was low cost or free for everyone, only low income people.

I’m sure you can dig up some exceptions where someone was denied coverage for some reason or bureaucratic screw up, but my above statement is broadly true.

Also, I wouldn’t consider John Oliver a good source for anything. His show is biased infotainment pandering to a specific group.
I love the splatters — what’s the copyright on those?
was able to get around waitlist: copilot-workspace.githubnext.com /<owner>/<repo>?task=<description>
It's true.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis_israele...