skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think the type-theoretic outlook on formalized mathematics is actually great, much nicer than set theory anyway. Set theory is a bit like an untyped programming language. You get to ask 'interesting' questions like whether the trivial group is equal to the number 5 which makes sense because both of them are actually a set.

What I am dismayed about is giving yet another area of computing to Microsoft. We all know that Microsoft ensures great care of the long term quality of software, right? Like when you click 'delete' on an email in outlook and have to wait 20 seconds for it to actually disappear.

Why not use coq instead?
I think systems like yours could become extremely valuable sooner than people expect, as the alternative is effectively 100% noise.

As others have mentioned, there are numerous ideological issues. However the alternative might be never encountering a real person online again.

And if not applicable for the broader internet, then probably in smaller or even country-sized gated communities, where people will expect to interact with 'real humans.

Also while IDs may be traded, the relatively small number of fake IDs compared to the infinite bots that can be created today is not even comparable.
They're easier to make than ever, all you need is Twillio and a bit of Python code. There are quite a few in the US alone, both provided by carriers as well as enthusiasts and other companies in the industry.
To be fair, when ISN’T Gary Oldman fantastic? He’s got to be one of the most talented actors Hollywood has ever had.
Do they? The designers I’ve worked with all absolutely loved Figma.
The Vinod Khosla Interview [video]
Data centers will likely provide boost to nuclear energy
No, because I am not in any pertinent product line. And I would never use corporate resources for personal use.
Ethanol is a poison, what, outside of prejudice, would make you find it more likely it's simply a lack of studies? Maybe it simply hasn't reached me, but I never even heard about cannabis being chiefly blamed on a car accident, mind you, people can drive recklessly sober, but, again, if anything cannabis is going to make them be more cautious. For one, surely you have heard of the "paranoia" that cannabis users often get at higher doses, where they feel distant objects are closer than they really are.
Apologies in advance for the super naive question; but assuming that we can create vectors that encode for the meaning of entire sentences, what prevents us from training llms to predict those vectors instead of single words?
I really would like to be able to install Linux with Windows installer, just to make the switch easier.

I wanted to switch on my laptop and gave up. I didn't have large enough USB stick, so it just became to complex

Give me an Windows installer, and I'll switch today. Windows has really started to be slow in areas it shouldn't be, which translates to: it sucks
Building a Study Companion App with STT, TTS
Hi everyone,

I'm exploring the possibility of building a study companion app that utilizes large language models (LLMs) like Mixtral, Claude, or LLAMA.

The idea is to provide users with a standalone tool that can:

Adapt to slight changes in the PDF content in the future (presumably through RAG).
Offer Text-to-Speech (TTS) functionality for reading the material aloud.
Integrate Speech-to-Text (STT) capability to allow users to interact with the LLM through voice commands or questions.

I would love to hear from the community:
-Has anyone attempted or seen a similar project using LLMs and large PDFs for educational purposes?
- Are there specific challenges I should be aware of regarding RAG, TTS, and STT integration?
- Any general advice or recommendations for building such a study companion app?
How long do you stay in jail?
Agreed, would love more hardware options. But not sure how a gadget based on AOSP helps with the smartphone duopoly.

From the first looks of it those will just end up in the drawers or landfill in no time which is a little sad.
When the deal was agreed, it wasn't worth anything close to $55bn. It's only worth that now due to the incredible rise in value of the stock under Musk. A deal is a deal. As a £six-figure shareholder I am voting for Musk to be paid what he is owed (in the June 13th meeting). And voting for Tesla to incorporate in a state where judges don't make arbitrary decisions on executive pay

We don't know the full details of the Supercharger team's "firing" yet, so let's not speculate.

Reuters speculated when they reported about the cancellation of the affordable Model 2, and they got that reporting horribly wrong (damaging the stock price with their error).

As for Superchargers being a major competitive advantage, that's no longer the case, as the network is open to cars from other brands.

Tesla hasn't lost its first mover advantage. Name another American or European carmaker that sells as many EVs as Tesla. BYD briefly caught up in terms of raw sales figures, but that trend quickly reversed when China's economic woes weighed on the company.

As for "failing to improve products," the Model S has been improved in so many meaningful ways, it's practically a new car. The performance (0-60 in 1.99s) is absolutely mind-bending, and Tesla's innovations such as the carbon-wrapped motor are responsible for this.

> I think it’s reasonable to want an engaged, full-time CEO who is not distracted by executive responsibilities at several other ventures, half of which are actively failing as well.

Which ones are failing? SpaceX is untouchable. Neuralink successfully implanted a brain/computer interface in a paraplegic man. X.com delivers features at a greater rate than Twitter 1.0, at lower operational cost, and -more importantly- it is defending free speech. xAI just secured $6bn in funding, with its value soaring to $18bn. All of which was acheived by a man who is "distracted."

And other companies that Musk co-founded (e.g. OpenAI, PayPal), seem to be ticking along nicely also.
Looks like handwaving it as the fog of the future will do for now.. I don't see any progress made in this area. It seems like most of the investment is going to the interesting "look what the AI can do" stuff instead of correctness. I'm assuming the interesting stuff is easier to market.
Many species went extinct during Earth's history. Evolution requires quite aggressive competition.

The way the habitat got destroyed by humans is stupid because it might put us in danger. You can call me "speciesist" but I do care more for humans rather than for a particular other specie.

So I think progress should be geared towards human species survival and if possible preventing other species extinction. Some of the current developments are a bit too much on the side of "I don't care about anyone's survival" (which is stupid and inefficient).
This would definitely benefit from a bit more explanatory text as I'm struggling to understand what you've shown. The crux seems to be that if a^n+b^n=c^n then (c-a)(c-b) divides (a+b-c)^n. I haven't been through all the details of this, but I also don't see how that implies FLT.
Dalewyn simply posted a substantial truth in imprecise terms. Some interpreted it fixated with its literality - which was irrelevant.

A search for the use of 'Generative Processing Unit' can reveal that the expression may be far from widespread. Nonetheless, GPUs today are importantly that. Explicit adoption of that expression matters little in this context - it is not the point. In fact, I initially misread the text in the post as "General Processing Unit", and it still made sense.
I had a similar realization a few weeks back while trying to purchase a new electricity contract. In the EU, this is made even worse by the definition of green electricity which includes biomass but excludes nuclear energy. For those curious, I wrote up what I found here: https://integralreview.com/green-electricity/
Simple and elegant, powerful indeed.

Or did you mean something else? In which case please elaborate.
We could end up with a non-constructive proof of P=NP. That is, a proof that the classes are equal but no algorithm to convert a problem in one into the other (or construct a solution of one into a solution of the other).
They just throw the predictions for +1 and +2 away, and only generate them for more efficient training.

The abstract doesn't make that clear, but from the description of figure 1: "During inference, we employ only the next-token output head.
Optionally, the other three heads may be used to speed-up
inference time"

Maybe you can use all three heads if you take the top prediction from all of them, but that prevents you from doing any of the common sampling strategies. I'm not sure how many people actually run an LLM with temperature 0 outside of benchmarks, unless they do something even better than applying a temperature
I'm not surprised to see decades of propaganda and clichés have done their work on many of us.
This is about companies buying from grid suppliers. Obviously if companies have on-prem energy generation that is used this analysis does not apply. No company is going off grid though, so for evaluating "carbon free" goals it's relevant.
This is not universally so, but as far as I can see in the US it is.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-determination
> “This is a big problem already,” Prager told me.

My boss was fond of saying "We don't have problems, we have challenges and opportunities!"
Wasn't it closed source UI/UX from Not a Number Technologies?
A genuine question, why is that a bad thing? The worst thing that could happen is someone would get curious about the word and try to learn more about it, consequently reading about Hindu mythology.

There's tons of material in Hinduism + Buddhism would be amazing if adapted in books/movies/shows/games, but it hasn't happened because everyone seems to be so touchy about it (despite the fact that the religion itself doesn't have a singular book, god or commandments specifying what's good/bad).

Also before the usual retort comes back, my family is Hindu.
I had a European peasant in the 1600-1700s in mind when I wrote about the amount of work. During the season, they worked all day; off-season, they had "free time" that went into taking care of the household, inventory, etc., so it's still work. Can't quickly find a reliable source in English I could link, so I can be wrong here.

"Better" was referring to what OP wrote in the top comment. I guess 10x faster, 10x longer context, and 100x less prone to hallucinations would make a good "10k x better" than GPT-4.
LLMs can't do probability
If anyone wants to do this without relying on the EFI/boot/bootx64.efi fallback, I wrote https://github.com/endlessm/rufus/blob/master/endless/src/en... a while back[1], which allows configuring the boot variables from under Windows.

[1] which has since been improved by Endless, so linking to their repo
I mean technically rasterization means taking any vector data and plotting it in a 2D space... so I guess it is correct.

But yes, I know what you are getting at. This would normally be done via a software/shader pipeline rather than a GPU's polygonal process.
China will soon. So, Chinese pocket knives then, for you?
I’ve totally forgotten about Haxe!
You can make a new partition and write the ISO there.
> Just the cost is almost twice that of a standard, expensive cancer treatment.

But unlike cancer treatment a lot of it is mechanical engineering and hence amenable to optimisation if the market were large enough.
You still need to convert between words and sentence vectors somehow. You could try using a faster model for that, but I suspect that the output quality will suffer.
For reference, that "illegal stuff" were just fireworks (too powerful, I guess) [0]. Those "attacks" are fully explained in his recent book "Hijacking Bitcoin: The Hidden History of BTC" [1]. He didn't fork Bitcoin, he just proposed its name: Bitcoin Cash [2], which is not "bcash" [2][3].

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ver
[1] https://www.hijackingbitcoin.com/
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Cash
[3] https://medium.com/@jonaldfyookball/why-some-people-call-bit...
My last job was at a UK bank. All our *nix systems were configured with a specific whitelist of commands that could be run via sudo.
We found this an enormous pain in the arse when the powers that be decided to deploy ansible everywhere, and found that none of its "become" methods would work if sudo was set up like that.
Maybe just nitpicking but he _specified_ the target version for the zig compile.

(Haven't tested what it would link against where that not given)
Okay but if the content is automated, the author avoids making publishing decisions about specific output.

I take your point about mirrors and consent. But if the mirrors are installed in a public place such as local park, passers-by are opted in.

One question is, should we feel offended by algorithmic insults? Isn't that like being offended by a thesaurus? If it's an "AI insult dog" web app you're visiting, you'd expect insults.
What you get when you add politics to science.
I think for a person to understand programming better they must learn as many programming languages as they can. Each and every language has something to show in terms of (software programming technologies).

Perl taught me to use and appreciate regular expressions.

C it taught me how to be cautious when working with pointers, how to use external libraries. It also taught me an art of not-wasting memory, by passing by references that values. This made me to love variable mutability better.

Lisp (Common Lisp) taught me the power of creating functions at runtime. The power of (lexical scopes although I was also shocked recently to some other dialects that use dynamical scopes) and Emacs lisp which allows a programmer to switch to their preferred ones.

Python and Java, object orientation. With Python teaching me rapid prototyping. They also taught me about exceptions.

Lua taught me an amazing world of generators (coroutines). That made me to appreciate Python iterators. I was surpised that on many of the languages I mentioned above a could actually yield a closure. I love the ideas of pcall.

There are also languages like vimscript, javascript and many others I tried them to be taught some software programming "technologies". These technologies exist in often many languages, whats crucial is to understand those technologies and you will be at a level to nearly " grok" anything you want in programming.

Merely learning one language, makes you prone to blurb paradox!
That's pretty cool, but what would really be useful is making Linux boot from a Microsoft-signed .efi. I don't see why it couldn't be done.
Wirecutter tested them: https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-multitool/
I use Plasmo. Strongly recommend it. So much so I gave them a shout-out in a blog post just this Sunday (https://moddable.app/blog/unofficial-mod-support).

I don't really use the framework stuff but HMR that works really well is just chefs kiss.
Given the recent size and snappiness of modern UIs I think it's a bad thing.

Too much design, too little value.
IMHO, This was done in case you want the installation of Linux to take much longer than needed :-)
> I feel like Lisp and Haskell attract people that love programming more than shipping code.

this! but I find Clojure incredibly pragmatic, we grow our codebase, ship things, just the line of business work with Postgres/Clojure and Rum(React) on frontend.

We do it with super small team, where one person owns the entire sub system
Anything on the display or reported by Linux Kernel can be faked, so no.
The FOMC's interventionist three decades of LIRP made it tough to compete with tech companies for ROI. All the corner cutting and personnel squeezing in every industry stems from dipshit centrally planned monetary policy.
Neat! Never heard of this.
And designers seem to be far removed from perfomance of smartphones and download speed.
OpenLLMetry creator here. We’re building the most popular OpenTelemetry instrumentation for LLm providers including OpenAI, Anthropic, Pinecone, Langchain and >10 others since last August [1]. We’re using import hooks (like other otel instrumentations), and offer an sdk with a one line install.
I’m also aware of other OSS initiatives doing similar initiatives, so I wouldn’t say no one has ever done what your doing.

[1] https://github.com/traceloop/openllmetry
That's not even the half of it - I saw a player the other day with six phones, at least one of which was concurrently running three copies of PoGo. Nine accounts! See also people cheerfully announcing online that they spend $100-$200 per week playing that game... It's quite incredible how deeply hooked some people are.
> additional deaths that could have been prevented

Imagine taking someone off ECMO to save others but they all die too. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
It’s Monte Carlo all the way down
Some YouTuber bought one of these (not specifically an S24) and found a hidden app that "told" the phone what it should be.

You could set how much RAM you wanted, how much storage, what CPU and so on, and then that info would be shown in all the "about" screens. They went to a few Tb of ram if I remember correctly.

Changing any of these parameters didn't have an impact on what the phone could actually do, just to be clear.
...anymore*

These headlines misinform people who e.g. generally mean well but are also doubtful that corporations aren't pulling their leg with things like green energy contracts. However, the article says it did make sense back when it funded build-out:

> While a win for the status of renewable energy technologies, a side effect of cheap renewables means that new corporate or institutional agreements to purchase power from solar and wind projects have an increasingly limited impact in driving long-term, system-wide emissions reductions.

"increasingly limited impact" has quite a different vibe than the headline's "they do little" as a general statement
Ah interesting. So does that mean nonviolent prisoners may have already been released in the states with “legal” weed?
Need to change the title it’s browser extensions not
Web extensions.
If you're settling for Quartz, why not split the difference and get a good Atomic Time watch for under $500 like a Citizen?

https://www.citizenwatch.com/us/en/collection/mens-atomic-ti...
to me the problem is not the language per se but the emerging complexity of a project written in a language. I.e. say I'm familiar with go and a k8s user. Does that mean that I can understand the architecture of k8s project and be meaningfully productive in a short period of time? Far from it.

Sometimes I think we focus too much and formalize on the first order tooling we use, language being one of them, while we neglect the layers upon layers of abstractions built on top of them. I wonder whether a meta-language could exist that would be useful in these upper layers. Not a framework that imposes its own logic. More of a DSL that can capture both business logic and architecture.
With all these "wonderful" tools and frameworks how comes that the UX of the web is less and less pleasing?

It's like we keep improving the brushes to please the artists but the pictures are crap.

Since the rise of web applications I mainly learned one thing:
Waiting.
Better late than never I suppose

https://twitter.com/cperciva/status/1785402732976992417
Stop using the wrong words. You're saying Wayland is too simple and feature incomplete.
Nah. Google is free and clear on this. It sounds like they have something in their policy about disruption of business. If the employee signed the contract, he/she is SOL on this.
Can you point a country and how they ensure secret ballot?

France works exactly the way you have described Sweden so far.
The other side to this is that after decades of zero to negative inflation (deflation), prices in Japan are finally starting to go up. My personal economic barometer, the Yoshinoya nami gyuudon beef bowl that was 280 yen from the 1990s straight through to the mid-2010s, is up to 448 yen at last check. Not by coincidence, their primary ingredient is imported beef.

Japanese salaries, however, are by and large not going up (certainly not at the same rate), which is obviously causing even more pain and further dividing the haves from the have-nots.
Why would the use the live database instead of importing snapshotted dumps?
You can get German versions for most Swiss and German watches I believe.

For instance: https://thewatchguy.de/watch/18039-day-date-the-german-tropi...

It's a matter of replacing a dial: https://jmpwatches.com/products/rolex-datum-tages-scheiben-d...
I would assume Niantic and every other serious OSM user has just downloaded the OSM dataset and uses a local copy. Even most OSM smartphone apps do that.
Some VPNs don't work with Netflix, for example, though. I've never used Nord, so can't judge them, but there's definitely a difference between VPN providers when it comes to streaming support.
1. Dockerize everything

2. Self host through Cloudflare tunnels. Works fine enough for little traffic as long as you are not maxing out bandwidth for data transmission.

3. When you grow, easy enough to move the containers to the cloud.
> It hasn't had a war on it's territory since the Civil War.

American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865)

Black Hawk's War (1865–72)
Red Cloud's War (1866–68)
Comanche campaign (1867–75)
Modoc War (1872–73)
Red River War (1874–75)
Great Sioux War of 1876 (1876–77)
.... 10 more ....
Ghost Dance War (1890–91)

Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
New Mexico Navajo War (1913)
Bluff War (1914–15)
Colorado Paiute War (1915)
Posey War (1923)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Wars
Flagging is not for discussions unworthy of your standards. Check the guidelines.
> Hasn't it always been cheaper to make at home?

Of course it was. I make much better coffee at home than I could get at Starbucks. For me it's about something else: hanging out with friends or working on my laptop in an environment that's more interesting that my room or office. This is what I pay $10 of $11 for. (But admittedly, this happens rarely these days.)
correct me if i’m wrong, but i believe the point that is trying to be made is;

a system user/admin has an intuition about files. saying that ‘journalctl -f -u’ (fu, indeed :) and whatever else is inherently undiscoverable, and is a.. basically orthogonal mechanism for handling what should be a simple task. i.e., viewing some logs. it’s far easier to compose and extend from files (what if i only care about the mtime of the log, for instance), than this.

look, i think systemd isn’t.. terrible. i also think it’s suffered a bit of complexity fetishisation, and it seems as though that this resulting complexity may have become invisible to you.

run0 doesn’t seem like a bad idea. but i am wincing a bit at the thought of unrestricted javascript determining access control.
The fact we have released code before the paper is wild. Typically the promise of open sourced code never comes to fruition
Ask HN: How to handle user file uploads?
hey, i work as an SRE for a company where we allow users to upload media files (e.g. profile picture, attach docs or videos to tasks..the usual). We currently just take a S3 pre-signed URL and let the user upload stuff. Occasionally, limits are set on the <input/> element for file types.

I don't feel this is safe enough. I also feel we could do better by optimizing images on the BE, or creating thumbnails for videos. But then there is the question of cost on AWS side.

Anybody have experience with any of this? I imagine having a big team and dedicated services for media processing could work, but what about small teams?

All thoughts/discussions are welcome.
Try subscribing via Google Play, it works around most of this and it makes unsubscribing dead easy (because otherwise NYT makes it very hard).