skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
submitted four times in the last 2 weeks alone, give it a rest already

https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=bioniclabs.org
Here it's paper tickets by default. There is one primary kind of ticket which you have to stamp at your origin point and it entitles you to move away from that point, anywhere in the city, for the next 2 hours.

The value of having just one kind of ticket (for most uses) with a fixed price is surprisingly high, since you can even pre-purchase a bunch of them if you're an occasional rider. Then riding on the train without a card is: get ticket from wallet, stamp it, wait for train, get on train. The stamping machine doesn't seem very expensively complicated, though it does know the current time to within 15 minutes.

Subscription tickets (monthly fee, unlimited travel) are RFID cards and ticket controllers have suitable readers. Obviously most travelers are ones who travel often and therefore bought subscription tickets, and few stamping machines are needed, for the occasional travelers who didn't. The process is: go to train platform, wait for next train, get on train.

They don't do credit card taps here probably because German people are resistant to electronic tracking of people's movement (you know, after that big thing the government did some time ago). If they did, they'd probably have a place to tap your card in each station to validate it for the next 2 hours, same as a paper ticket, and then the ticket controller's handheld scanner would check where it was last tapped.
For the 8086 they had a gate level simulator called LOCIS. The problem is that intel historically designed everything at the transistor level, so the 8086 didn't map onto a gate level simulation very well.

The "Coping with the Complexity of Microprocessor
Design at Intel – A CAD History" paper [1] goes into details of what they used in the 80s and onwards, but it does briefly mention what they were doing before that.

[1] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Avinoam-Kolodny/publica...
I love the thoroughness annd precision of aircraft accident investigations. Amazing watching these folks do their jobs.
IIRC this is what the people making swap-in accelerators for 6502 chess computers are doing
> I honestly think the very readable specification has been a boon for RISC-V and possibly part of the reason why people continue to find it easy to pick up.

Totally agree

> If you are unsure about something in the spec, there's also a multitude of RISC-V emulators out there, probably several in your favorite language already.

...but this is a problem. This means that it's not the specification saying what the standard is, but an implementation. People copying different implementations get different behaviours.
Getting a python readability review seems downright impossible in my org.
That will be a tough game to chase long term as batteries need to be removed and replaced regularly. Assuming the storage capacity needs continue to grow, CA would need to replace larger and larger stocks of batteries on the scale of 5-15 years depending on what kind of warranty the battery manufacturers are providing.
YouTube has this feature
I don't think this bill would be that effective, but I do feel that if we as a species don't do something drastic soon, we won't be around for a whole lot longer.

And I'm not sure if it's even possible to do something drastic enough at this point - regulating datacenters would just make companies move to other countries, just like this would probably just make companies move out of CA.
Heh right nobody buys the mini lathe over a Monarch as a matter of preference! I got it when I wanted to learn some machining and didn't have a ton of space. Over the years had a few mods including the usual (tapered bearings on the spindle, 4" 4 jaw chuck…) and some funny ones.

It's an okay machine but the design isn't rigid enough, it really needs the double amount cast iron for the bed given its swing. Still I did a lot of precision work on this that came really handy professionally later, when interacting with MEs and toolmakers.

It looks really banged up now, and I had to change the leadscrew that became visibly worn. Funny enough the much derided Derlin change gears look pristine!
Wait until you read his poetry. Truly a twisted soul. Even the worst dictators thought they were helping their own people at least; Marx just wanted everybody dead.
Landscape videos were more pleasant on landscape screens, which are rarely used now, so they aren't more pleasant now.
>(2) “Hazardous capability” includes a capability described in paragraph (1) even if the hazardous capability would not manifest but for fine tuning and posttraining modifications performed by third-party experts intending to demonstrate those abilities.

So if I hand-write instructions to make a chemical weapon, and aggressively "fine-tune" Llama 7B to output those instructions verbatim regardless of input, Meta is liable for releasing a model with hazardous capabilities?
Any Z80 based (not eZ80) TI calculators on the market today have the Z80 core built into an ASIC instead of a discrete chip, meaning that they wouldn’t be impacted by parts availability.
GrapheneOS for mobile. Any Linux distro on desktop.
If you have all your application code in headers you'll get the fastest build times (for full rebuilds at least) by including all headers into a single main.cpp file and build just that, since that way there is no redundant code for the compiler to build at all.

Of course the downside is that every tiny code change triggers a full rebuild then, but it's quite likely that the most time is spent in the linker anyway, so maybe worth a try.
I’ve previously worked heavily in digital identity and continue to talk from time to time on it - I honestly can’t see any value to this. It’s worse in some dimensions than existing systems (certificates can at least be validated offline) and offers no upsides (assertion of identity validity is the hard and valuable part).

I’d do a deep dive on verifiable credentials and ask yourself truthfully what PolyKey offers to both users and relying parties.
Very interesting software/app. My current company has a lot of Excel files with a lot of business logic embedded as Excel formulas in them. When we import Excel file to PySheets, does it also recognizes formulas in the original Excel file? Are there any videos that show what PySheet can do? Thank you.
The bill only applies to new models which meet these criteria:

(1) The artificial intelligence model was trained using a quantity of computing power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.

(2) The artificial intelligence model was trained using a quantity of computing power sufficiently large that it could reasonably be expected to have similar or greater performance as an artificial intelligence model trained using a quantity of computing power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations in 2024 as assessed using benchmarks commonly used to quantify the general performance of state-of-the-art foundation models.

…and have the following:

“Hazardous capability” means the capability of a covered model to be used to enable any of the following harms in a way that would be significantly more difficult to cause without access to a covered model:

(A) The creation or use of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon in a manner that results in mass casualties.

(B) At least five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) of damage through cyberattacks on critical infrastructure via a single incident or multiple related incidents.

(C) At least five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) of damage by an artificial intelligence model that autonomously engages in conduct that would violate the Penal Code if undertaken by a human.

(D) Other threats to public safety and security that are of comparable severity to the harms described in paragraphs (A) to (C), inclusive.

…In which case the organization creating the model must apply for one of these:

“Limited duty exemption” means an exemption, pursuant to subdivision (a) or (c) of Section 22603, with respect to a covered model that is not a derivative model that a developer can reasonably exclude the possibility that a covered model has a hazardous capability or may come close to possessing a hazardous capability when accounting for a reasonable margin for safety and the possibility of posttraining modifications.
The state should have reviewed the footage and not charged you in the first place.

That should be codified into law because the state is doubly incentivized to do nothing about false positives. If you pay it, they get free money. If you don’t, they get free labor.
> is Open Source AI even a thing at this point?

What do you mean? You can download llama.cpp or Stable Diffusion and run it on your ordinary PC right now. People make variants using LoRA adapters and things with relatively modest resources. Even creating small specialized models from scratch is not impossibly expensive and they often outperform larger generalized models in the domain they're specialized for.

Creating a large model like llama or grok takes a lot of resources, but then it's entities with a lot of resources that create them. Both of those models have open weights.
Yes, but for a brief and beautiful moment, the rich and powerful lose their power, and the people are united. We just have to make that moment last longer.
If you're the kind of person who goes to the comments first, I'm here to tell you there's no need to read the article. Just say "bossware" to yourself 10 times.
Certainly there has been almost no pushback. I don't think most users really care for native applications, what they like to see is clicking on something and having it work instantly, web apps deliver that.
Batteries don’t have to be the traditional ones we use and think of.

They can be things like pumping water up a hill and releasing it to spin a turbine or using rocks storing heat.

The storage capacity can be added, it’s just don’t going to be banks of lead or lithium batteries
Why would platform maintainers want to encourage the lowest common denominator apps that such an API would undoubtedly result in (as a standardized UI API by definition cannot leverage platform strengths)?

Apps like that get made anyway but as it stands at least there’s a healthy crop of smaller/indie native alternatives which often best the behemoths in UI/UX. That would likely disappear with the addition of a standardized UI API, as it would probably also come with the abandonment of the old specialized APIs.
So use a server side rending framework such as Turbo. I've tried so many client side frameworks (what the kids tend to demand these days) and they're all slow with lots of data... except for Turbo.
That is 4,200-6,000 $/yr. In the US, a junior developer in a software company costs (all-inclusive, not just salary) around 150,000-200,000 $/yr. That is 2-4% of yearly cost on tooling. That is not very much.

It might not be worth the price, but that is hardly ridiculous. It is quite believable to get a 4% productivity improvement from appropriate tooling. You need to do a cost-benefit analysis to determine the answer to that question.
Future cash flows is usually pretty strongly related to the current state of things, but adjusted based on expectations of how it will play out in the future.
And yet it worked....

Your knowledge of Japanese orthography gives you an interesting perspective. I'd be fascinated to know, given the obstacles you note, how exactly the prisoners overcame them. Did they have someone in the camp with basic knowledge of Chinese orthography? Did someone know enough to note carefully the way in which the characters were written? Did they keep the paper with the characters on it, and then hand-reproduce the precise structure? Were the guards generally illiterate, and therefore not notice the errors? All of those would be spurs to further research, which your reflexive dismissal of the premise would preclude. An open-minded approach to historical texts usually generates more-interesting questions and answers than a closed one.
looking forward to trying this out
My first ever macOS native app! Would appreciate any kind of feedback from HN, thanks :)
> and now things are back to mostly snappy.

This is the inverse of my experience. There are few applications that have a UI that I would refer to as 'snappy'. In fact, I am trying to come up with a single example, and atm I can't even think of one.
Not that it's very relevant, but your comment made me wonder: for the purpose of making these comparisons, does it make more sense to compare GDP to a company's revenue or earnings? Why?
Download link is actually live on the website! Go try it out!
I guess I think we should hold models used for non-academic reasons to a higher standard, and there should be oversight.

I don't know if all the language in this bill does what we need, but I'm against letting large corporations like a META or X live test whatever they want on their end users.

Calling out derivative models are exempt sounds good; only new training sets have to be subjected to this. I think there should be an academic limited duty exemption, models that can't be commercialized likely don't need the rigor of this law.

I guess I don't agree with affuture.org and think we need legislation like this in place.
if you like that idea and science fiction, see the second book in the Greatwinter trilogy by Sean McMullen (read them in order, though)
That issue is a real bear right now, probably our top problem. Feedback on precompiled pythons has been super positive and in fact the top feature request I've had several duplicates for is the ability to _force_ mise to use the precompiled binaries. If anyone thinks they can crack our portable pythons running poetry I'll buy them a steak.

It is funny to me something can so well liked while also causing a lot of problems. Maybe not too dissimilar from the whole rtx -> mise debacle :p
...because it knows that the next token in the sequence "the 5th letter in the word _illusion_ is" happens to be "s". Not because it decomposed the word into letters.
Yes, consumer rights in Europe are great for buying various goods and services!

For example, the EU regs for flight delays are a great example of consumer protection that is actually beneficial. You get paid cash compensation (which often exceeds the face value of the ticket) if you’re delayed more than a certain amount.
Basically what we had in Word 6 is what I use today in the newest Words.

It only takes longer to use while finding what I want among the bloated set of other things added.
Even if we accept automated evidence gathering we don’t have to accept automating charges based on that evidence.
ccache is one solution, or a script/IDE plugin that will create both the header/definition from a signature you provide?
Los Angeles doesn’t have a meaningful process to contest parking tickets: it’s an automatic denial, regardless of merit. The only way to get actual review is to go to civil court.
> Maybe it’s a laptop killer for creative professionals?

Nope. I'd argue developers are actually the best served professionals by iPads, simply because a terminal-drive workflow via SSH is at least possible.

I've written about the situation of creative apps not gaining traction on iPads (Procreate being the main exception) https://blog.robenkleene.com/2019/08/07/apples-app-stores-ha...
> I can't think of another statically typed language that screws this up so badly. It just keeps getting worse with stuff like Optional and @NotNull.

Java might be the only language where a simple assignment `x = y` can throw a NullPointerException (due to auto-unboxing)
I bet you half of the codebase is dedicated to support python's bizarre idiosyncrasies.
Depending on how far you want to go, you might like to read The Knowledge by Dartnell. It covers smelting, etc.
I thought this was 17% of all online sales! Like all of the stuff that Amazon sells.
“My father told me he wanted Microsoft Word on his laptop. So I told him to use Google Docs instead. When that turned out to suck, I installed Libre Office instead.”

Why didn’t you just, like, get him Word? Why did you make him try to use a shitty web app that assumes everyone’s computer is brand new, then install an open-source program that’s going to be constantly playing catch-up with Word’s updates and may cause problems down the line when Dad wants to work with someone else’s Word docs?

Maybe there was a perfectly good reason for this choice. I can think of a few. Maybe you helped Dad enter The Year Of Linux On The Desktop recently. Maybe Dad didn’t want to pay for Office. Who knows. Whatever the reason, you didn’t put it in this post. And you ended it with a plug for your completely unrelated SAAS, too.
> we won't be around for a whole lot longer.

Why do you think that?

> regulating datacenters would just make companies move to other countries

To say nothing of the potential issues regarding free society going down this route will yield - and has arguably already yielded.
I work on Bun. Happy to answer any questions.

One of the things I’m happy about in our UDP sockets implementation is socket#sendMany. Internally, it uses sendmmsg on Linux and the undocumented sendmsg_x API on macOS which let you send multiple datagrams to multiple addresses in a single system call. Internally we do this automatically when reading messages (recvmmsg / recvmsg_x)
I am part of a few projects where for organizational reasons (e.g. corporate-community partnerships), we use `repository_dispatch` to trigger builds across repositories. PATs are great here, as they can be scoped down to single repos and permissions.

There is a miniscule attack vector from using PATs here (maximum someone could do is trigger many GH Actions builds, but they also could do that otherwise), and to rotate the PAT, two people have to coordinate (as the origin repo has tighter permissions), and even though docs exist in the repo for how to rotate them, as it's a rare task people didn't find them the first year (second year is still coming up). For that use-case I'd greatly appreciate if PATs would exist that have a longer/no expiry.
We can quibble on definitions here, but a reference in C++ can not be null. The undefined behavior happens before any assignment to a reference is executed so that at the moment that the assignment happens, the reference is guaranteed to not be null.

In your example, it's the dereference of the pointer to p that is undefined behavior, so anything that happens after that point is also undefined behavior. Note that means there is never an actual assignment to r if p is null.

As I mentioned earlier, this might seem like quibbling with definitions, but this is the proper mental model to have with respect to C++'s semantics.

Having said that, I don't disagree with the main crux of your point, which is that C++'s semantics are terrible and there is little that the language provides to write correct code, but I do think there are subtleties on this matter that are worth clarifying.
I just sent in some comments.

It's too late to stop "deep fakes". That technology is already in Photoshop and even built into some cameras. Also, regulate that and Hollywood special effects shops may have to move out of state.

As for LLMs making it easier to people to build destructive devices, Google can provide info about that. Or just read some "prepper" books and magazines. That ship sailed long ago.

Real threats are mostly about how much decision power companies delegate to AIs. Systems terminating accounts with no appeal are already a serious problem.
An EU-type requirement for appeals, a requirement for warning notices, and the right to take such disputes to court would help there. It's not the technology.
Centiqs may be great, but I've seen 100 artists using an iPad for every 1 artist I've seen using a Centiq.

I would say the vast majority of artists do have client meetings, whether they're employed full-time or freelance.

And artists need to work on the go just like the rest of us. Whether it's a dad trying to do 30 min of video editing in his car while he waits for daycare to get out, or somebody in the city doing an hour of website design in a cafe while they wait for their next meeting.

I'm baffled by your assertion that artists don't use iPads or shouldn't need them. It's just not the case, if you work with professional artists.
Create an entire Hexcrawl world online
I'm not sure what you're asking. Are you in touch with some founders you would like to meet? What do you hope to accomplish in person that you haven't been able to do online?

What does "involved in the AI space" mean? It sounds like you're looking for co-founders - what would be your contribution to a possible new venture?
> all the apps I need for work

The whole thing is like an intentional vicious circle. People buy the systems because certain applications are available on them (or rather because that's what everyone does), and the application manufacturers support the systems where the most customers are expected. But if one takes an impartial look at which applications or functions are really needed for a company, there are certainly alternatives.

Unfortunately, the open source community sabotages itself, e.g. by constantly changing the ABI of essential functions and thus undermining the portability of non-open source applications (see e.g. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32471624).
I think convenience is the keyword. Users (not us HN crowd, the rest of the world) don't want to struggle with installing software, most of them don't know the difference between Internet, Browser, or "app".

They just open up "internet" and work on docs, and for 99% of the cases Google Docs works fine despite running in a browser that is much less efficient than a native "app". For most cases it's more than enough for the regular user who is used to "computers being slow" anyway.
I’m not familiar enough with kotlin to comment fully but from your description the checker framework [0] appears to do the same thing in Java.

I confess I’m not fond of checker framework. I find the error messages can be obtuse but it is very effective.

0 - https://checkerframework.org/
To be clear, the issuance of debt by the US government does NOT increase the money supply. It would if the US government took loans from the banking system, but that's not how governments get funding. I'll leave it here, because I don't think that this conversation is going to be productive for either of us. Don't take it personally.
The text says “in a way that would be significantly more difficult to cause without access to a covered model” and in another place mentions “damage by an artificial intelligence model that autonomously engages in conduct that would violate the Penal Code if undertaken by a human” so that probably doesn’t count. Though it might be open to future misinterpretation.
Once made a tape-loading like pattern, and tried to get it as stable (not moving up or down on screen) as possible.

Managed to produce a program where with key presses, you could change delay in the loop in +/- 1 clockcycle increments. Mind you: fastest Z80 opcodes take 4 cycles.

How then? Well, there's also opcodes that take 5 cycles. Or 6. Or 7. And 8=2*4, 9=4+5, etc. Program just automated the insertion/removal of those in the inner loop. Of course I had to pick instructions that didn't mess with some Z80 registers.

Great fun (& educational) figuring out stuff like that. Fun times...
agreed, but i know firsthand words are hard, and names are more specific words and can be very hard (especially for developers) - esp with shorter names ,and will have a higher chance of a name collision
That's what i'm saying. The frequency with which the site just loses the plot and fails to load, or fails to carry out some action or other, is orders of magnitude higher than anything else i use.
"10,000 megawatts" is not a measure of storage capacity.
DIWYDU sound like a better tool than IWYU.
I am in favour of nuclear but a politically unpalatable solution is useless for decarbonisation.