skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The problem with typing continuations -in my opinion - stems from the fact that nearly all discussion of continuation starts from a functional context/view/programming language and often also in an untyped language/formalism.

Additionally, CPS ends with "style" suggesting that it's fully expressible in the original programming language. But if we truly type it after a style transformation we need to introduce polymorphism everywhere, see e.g. the first example for Haskell on https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style

If we use CPS as an IR, typing the continuations as functions is wrong and unnecessary - a continuation does not return anything and more precise: it does not return. This means it's type is constructed just from it's argument type(s). In an IR we can simply add constructs for continuations and their types.

A lambda \x:Nat.5 has type Nat -> Nat, or in one non-infix syntax: ΠNat.Nat (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_cube). A continuation c with argument Nat simply has type `Cont Nat` a type constructor taking the argument type.

A `Cont Nat` isn't something you would see in a CPS IR, because it's mostly useless: it's type describes a computation that takes an argument and then diverges. The only place such a continuation has, would be as the single `exit` continuation of the program provided to the main entry point of the program. More useful is e.g. a `Cont (Nat, Cont Bool)` and this brings us the "passing" part of CPS.

Some like to use the syntax `Nat -> !` and that highlights the non-returning nature, but I think this is again too confusing in the context of functional programming - just leave out the `->`.

See also https://okmij.org/ftp/continuations/undelimited.html and note that it argues that the untyped call/cc operator might be the origin of the confusion: it represents the captured continuation as a function and a continuation also has an application operation like a function, but it's semantics are different.

As far as I can tell, there's very few formal treatments of continuations that don't start from the lambda calculus. The only two papers I've found are on the Continuation Calculus (https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.1257, https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.3313) with no other follow up.
This is a great post, very well said!

Over the weekend I’ve been working with NixOS foundation members and other community members to address what you’re describing, and I’m happy to say that the foundation is very willing to delegate governance to the community!

This kind of thing takes time to erect, but I’m doing my best to push this swiftly while trying to limit burnout. Stay tuned for a statement from the NixOS foundation this week!
And yet, unlike Guix, the Nix community doesn't seem to be bothered by using a part of the military industrial (spying) complex that is the Microsoft-owned Github.
It also makes all new readers/writers to wait for that lock, essentially leading to downtime until the lock is eventually acquired and released. This is the classic readers/writers library example, and you want to avoid starving the writers.

Thats why size of data is the least of your issues - its the access patterns/hotness that are the issue.
In some sense life is obviously path dependent, since everything you've done is at least dependent on what didn't happen to you.

In another sense, there are many paths which lead to similar things, and path dependency can be Markovian, wherein the whole path doesn't matter in the first place, just the last bit.
It might be able to produce true data about very famous individuals, and it might refuse to provide information about unknown individuals. But if you ask about a YouTuber, or a smaller star/celebrity, it is more likely to produce a false statement. I asked about the birthday of Tom Scott (the YouTuber) three times and got three different dates (and none supported by a Google search).
MacBooks are basically their own category. Since you can't really install osx on other hardware. An MacBook and a laptop are not interchangable for many people. You could as well say VR gaming and gaming are the same category but that distinction matters as much as MacBooks non-MacBooks.
OpenAI et similia seems to be doing just fine though
ByteDance reveals internal misconduct cases, including Data Leaks and Bribery
Then I would argue for trying to centrally ensure that all roles have INHERIT in your DBs. :thinking:

Doing ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES could be another future footgun of it's own.
I mean GitHub can spy on your... public open source code?
Cool tool!

I think log processing is something that is easy enough to do (stream through STDIN lines) and has specific enough requirements to individual teams that it's worth building ones own little pipe-in binary.

Can start by highlighting common log fields, but later add subcommands to aggregate, or analyze known problems, etc.
How to tell a program from an automobile (1977) [pdf]
While there is a power interested in this stability stronger than powers that would like to undermine it, sure
Thanks a lot for the thorough explanation, much appreciated!
I occasionally still use paper tickets, since if you book train travel that requires changing London terminals (e.g. come in through Waterloo, leave from King's Cross) your ticket is valid for the underground connection, and even if you book it digitally it'll give you a reference to collect a paper ticket rather than a QR code for (I assume) that reason. (Yes, I've made the mistake of forgetting/not realising to collect it!)
Odin must be proud.
In response, NATO should blow up the Russian ammunition depots in Cobasna, Transnistria
Before internet was commonplace you would have to go to a doctor and get a paper prescription which was sometimes done on a paper with watermarks and verification was that this piece of paper has a stamp or a seal on it and doctor's signature.

There were more forgeries with paper prescription than there is with online system.
Thanks, the Bob/Lana example is exactly what it's about.

Responding to the earlier comment, I can't believe people aren't more upset when publishers try to force terms on them containing language that's unreasonable.
Nowadays, Pro at Apple mainly means "extra expensive", often doesn't have much to do with professional use even though sometimes it is actually at the intersection.
I've many regrets similar in vein to that of your friend. Over time I've decided that it's rather reductionist to think that things connect together so simplistically. The "how my life could have been better if X, ceteris paribus" can be a really painful analysis, but -- in this case favourably -- there is no "ceteris paribus" in real lives.
> and an earlier realization that Unicode cannot in fact fit into 16 bits

The Unicode consortium already realized it when they decided on Han unification, they just didn't accept it yet.
Seems within the realm of possibility that it will happen at least once. Several people having come within ~15 years of that already. Of course the odds of reaching 128 fall off drastically with each year nearer, I’m sure.
It took less time in the search to get [0] than for you to type your comment.

> it may not even exist

Why did you even think what NK doesn't have that data?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea
I >think< that this will enable more accurate magnetometers (see OPM-MEG and atomic clock magnetometers). Which can be used, among other things, for measuring neuronal activity.
Applying the Facade Pattern on Spotify for Artists
yeah and consequently users have been trained to ignore UAC warnings or just disable them as irritants.
You do not embed your code into some “React project”. You call React however you see fit. Sure, you pass it some callbacks, but it doesn’t make React stop being a library.
I didn't know about these problems until now and this article didn't tell me anything besides that there are issues in the nix community.

It's a bit like long form subtweeting.
Yes precisely. If I had a pound for each time a dev told me they wish they were a doctor, and another pound for each time a doctor told me they wish they were something else!
Right thanks for clearing that out!
It's not just about privacy, it's about building your project as dependent on an organization that does harm. It aligns you with them and makes you want them to succeed so that you can sustain your project, when without that dependency you may have otherwise wished them ill.
Because it has many bad side effects and it's only treating the symptom, when the real problem is eating too much? Should we keep medicating people for damage that they're continuing to do to themselves willingly?

With regards to caffeine, as a doctor would you prescribe lifetime energy drinks to people who intentionally don't sleep enough?

Insulin is totally different because if you're diabetic and you don't take it, you die. There's no cure for diabetes, so there's no other option but to take it for the rest of your life.

But if you've lost weight (either with ozempic or not), it's possible to not be obese again, you're totally in control of what you put in your mouth. It feels really weird to me to keep medicating people forever when there are well understood ways to manage your weight.

I think it's probably a great solution to help people who have lost control of their weight and need to get back on track. But using it to compensate for an unhealthy lifestyle going forward just seems like bad health policy.
Can science find ways to ease loneliness? – Science – AAAS
This is the equivalent of saying C is safe to use, as long as you use it correctly, or your iPhone is fine you’re just holding it wrong.

If build times are a wide spread problem with a language, that’s a language problem not a user problem.
It is impossible to remove personal data ("any information which are related to an identified or identifiable natural person") from the LLM training data.

As far as I understand it ChatGPT and all other similar systems are blatantly violating GDPR, they would have to for example publish their related training data to conform.

I guess the EU authorities don't do anything for now because they don't want to admit that their funny law basically bans all state-of-the-art AI.

(Ok, Openai also broke the law in almost all countries by downloading shadow libraries, but here they at least have more plausible deniability.)
I've seen that image plenty of times, though I've never seen anyone who's able to comment on whether it actually tricks the system

I feel like it wouldn't work because when reading a numric license plate going 100km/h there are bound to be some errors. I find it hard to believe the programmers who built the system didn't account for that by dropping non-number characters or regexing the OCR result to verify it's in an acceptable format
I believe when people consider using Angular or React they are simply not informed and make a mistake. I was in that camp myself. It’s important to be aware of what you are getting if you go with React, and what you are getting is a far cry from what a framework would offer, with all the corresponding pros and cons.
> caused billions in property damage

Stood out to me... is that an exaggeration or very literal ?

(Looks like the two depots hold together 150 tons of munitions.)
Another US precision-guided weapon falls prey to Russian electronic warfare
Phone Escape: A unique and immersive story-driven escape room game
Can Turning Office Towers into Apartments Save Downtowns?
The Battle for Attention
Nah. Drugs covered by Part D are precisely what they got the right to step in for.

https://www.cms.gov/files/document/fact-sheet-medicare-selec...

> For the first time, the law provides Medicare the ability to directly negotiate the prices of certain high expenditure,
single source drugs without generic or biosimilar competition. Below is the list of 10 drugs covered under Medicare
Part D selected for negotiation for initial price applicability year 2026, based on total gross covered prescription drug
costs under Medicare Part D and other criteria as required by the law.

https://www.medicare.gov/about-us/prescription-drug-law

> For the first time, Medicare will be able to negotiate directly with manufacturers for the price of certain high-spending brand-name Medicare Part B and Part D drugs that don’t have competition.
Thanks to OP for mentioning vfox (version-fox) in the article. vfox as a project just five months ago, there is still a lot to do, welcome to those who use Windows as a development environment, to participate in the construction of the vfox plug-in ecosystem.

https://github.com/version-fox/vfox
Hacker News has no official policy on being funny. It just penalizes you if you’re bad at it
Does anyone know if the raw data behind these maps is available? I'd love the actual high-res elevation data for use in a moon simulator
Imagine if we can send garbage to the moon and keep the earth clean, the ship returns with minerals.
Why We Hate Working for Big Companies (2018)
Ask HN: Are passkeys just another MFA?
When I initially read about passkeys, I understood they'd replace the email/password flow.

However, I have been using passkeys (when I can) with 1Password and so far my experience is that they "just" replace TOTP that were already pre-filled by 1Password anyway. So in terms of UX there is not a big gain.

I guess that the current advantage is that passkeys are cryptographically secure, while in theory 1Password TOTP auto-fill is based on just matching domain names.

Am I missing something here?
SQL is one of the very few places where I deem null to be valid (altough, you could normalize all nulls away, most of the time it isn't worth it)

The null != null thing is something I quite like, as it simplifies a lot of joins/queries.

and as jraph said, null in relational databases has a very different meaning than null in most programming languages.

Don't know vs not assigned
I used to be quite good at FPSs around 20 years ago, and played Counter Strike often. I tried again recently, and got shouted at, called a cheater, etc. No thanks.

I also love a good open world over Xmas holidays, but man - can I be bothered to struggle with a game's "launcher"? (Steam/Linux/Deck player here). No thanks.

Just last night, I tried playing a game for the first time in a month. Wasteland 3, because I loved the original Fallout and the first Wasteland games. I just got a mess of pixels and what sounded like random SFX playing. Not even using Proton. Could I be bothered to search the web for a why/what/how/etc? No thanks.

There's been one little shining light recently. I've always been a fan of "Honey, I shrunk the kids", and saw this game a few months ago called "It takes Two", which is purely co-op. I bought it on sale. I've got two kids (8 and 11), and I got an extra controller and hooked the Deck up to the TV, and boy - that game is awesome. I can watch them play while I cook dinner, and would dip in every now and then when they get stuck (not often, mind). I had a closer look, and it's EA, and I was pleasantly surprised that it wasn't crap and had a launcher, etc. Such varied game mechanics, and beautiful too.

Oh, and then there are the other little shining lights - indie games. No launchers, no crap. Just start playing. Good 30 minutes of fun, then you can crack on with your life. And usually when you come back after an absence, you're not lost. (Looking at you, Witcher 3.) I support these guys whenever I can. In fact, I'm trying to be one. But, bills, kids, house, etc, haha - it just doesn't pay. It will stay a hobby to me forever more.
Does somebody using my "class Foo" really need to know everything about its "std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<NetBeanFactory<RageMixin, DefaultBowelEvictionPolicy>>>" data member?

No, they need know only the size and alignment of "class Foo". Unfortunately, in C++, either a client has to see every type definition recursively down to the primitives, or you give them an opaque pointer and hide all of the internals in the implementation (all they know about "sizeof(Foo)" is "it contains a pointer to something on the heap, probably").

edit: Ok, there's also the copy constructors and other possibly auto-generated value semantic operations, but pretend you've defined those explicitly, too.
But for things like Apple notarization, you don't get the choice of not using the tooling. Besides, that transition already happened with the popularization of Free/Open software, somewhere in the early 2000s.
What if current AI is also crappy, bloated and slow?
Apparently it is about Nix, for the first time, seeing real world usage by a serious corporation, but that usage turning out to be autonomous drones aiding the US in killing random civilians on the other side of the world.
There are also FAISS binary indexes[0], so it'd be great to compare binary index vs binary index. Otherwise it seems a little misleading to say it is a FAISS vs not FAISS comparison, since really it would be a binary index vs not binary index comparison. I'm not too familiar with binary indexes, so if there's a significant difference between the types of binary index then it'd be great to explain what that is too.

[0] https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss/wiki/Binary-indexe...
Maybe if you're up to speed with the internal politics of the nix project. If you're not it reads like a lot of grandstanding, and asking people to resign, without giving concrete examples of what has gone wrong.
As an intern during college I remember installing the OS on a 3B1 at one of my first summer jobs. So many floppy diskettes. Don't remember much more about it other than it seemed pretty primitive compared to the Sun workstations that were prevalent around the office.
I was not able to use the online checkin of TUI on Saturday, got a JS syntax error which broke the form processing. Service person on the phone told me they have no IT support on weekends, so the problem persists until Monday at least.

Airline managers are a threat to our safety nowadays, the whole industry needs a reset.
I apreciate that investigations take time, but a decade to confirm a foreign power was involved?
It's a bit of a shame they abandoned it with Windows Phone, but you can see why developers don't want three completely different mobile targets.
In my experience, the subcommand `direnv exec ...` works just fine in non-interactive scenarios like launchd jobs. I'm not sure if it even involves a shell of any kind in that mode.
Top level logic is supposed to mean the logic the comment I'm responding to uses to justify free. You know, "in this context". And I'm not talking about "optimal", just a single price of 0

Now, what exactly is the point of you insisting on your wrong interpretation?
I feel old too, reading this same argument today. I joined this industry in early 2010 and people were saying the same things about frontend stacks.

Back then, I believed that the people making this argument were onto something, as it felt overly complicated to me as a beginner.

At this point it feels more likely that the people making this argument don't have any kind of experience in frontend development that span multiple teams collaborating on the same UI.

In the backend this was "solved" through mocroservices.
In the frontend you're gonna be in a world of pain unless you're using one of the popular spa frameworks. Well, you're probably still gonna be in pain. It'd just be worse if you didn't use the framework.
Right. My rule of thumb would be "one implementation file per system", or what would be called a "module" in other languages. So that a moderately complex code base ends up with a about a couple dozen source files to build.

And each system should only have a single 'public interface header' to keep the number of cross-system include dependencies low.
I think this is an error in the article, the original source, doesn't mention that distinction:
https://www.state.gov/foreign-language-training/
Would be great to see some documentation of internal data structure and algorithms.
standard football field size, or empirical average?
A new Corolla’s MSRP is $23k, and not every car payment is for a brand new car.

It’s a far more realistic example than the pricey BMW SUVs people are linking with five-year cost summaries here.

The point is “average monthly car payment” and “average money spent per month purchasing cars” aren’t the same stats, just like the cost of a heart transplant doesn’t translate to how much I pay this month for one.
You can help out by posting answer / upvoting good answer.
Thank you very much for this resource!
Reading through the article and the discussion here I was really surprised why nobody discussed using actually existing modules, this clarifies how far that is from a solution.

You should really post this as a separate Show HN story!

"Estimated finish by the year 5134" made me chuckle
Tougher rules for sellers of internet-enabled devices in the UK
It is a mirror of the culture war you see in other parts of the society. One faction wants to apply their values onto the project, some of which are non-universal. Especially, is sponsorship with military ties (i.e. defense sector) welcome.
The other faction do not want to see subjective values to be applied like that.
I think there are gradients here. Anduril is _only_ a defense contractor. It’s fully there. It’s entire raison d’être is defense contracts.
I have found that my mouse usage also "evolved" to a similar efficiency. However this really requires a modern high DPI mouse, as I do intermittently use an ancient (1992) system with an equally ancient ball mouse, which can require a really massive "mileage" to do anything outside of native OS software.
How on earth are any of the Nix foundations project "dependent" on GitHub?

I mean they even have their own independent build system?
Skatteverket (Sweden) puts a plus symbol when you turn 100. "Between the birth date and the birth number is a hyphen (-), which is replaced by a plus sign (+) in the year the person becomes 100 years old."[1]

Whoever processes the Swedish Identity Number, even if they use YYYYMMDD-SSSC _or_ YYMMDD-SSSC, wouldn't break processing with YYYYMMDD+SSSC or YYMMDD+SSSC - as the '+' is a standardised "give away" as to the age of the person (making the 4-digit YYYY less desirable for processing).

[1] - https://www.skatteverket.se/servicelankar/otherlanguages/ine...
People are wondering what is going on and all you're saying is I don't know either, I haven't read anything except the first paragraph of the article, but maybe it's this thing. What purpose does that serve except to further muddy the waters, making the situation even harder to understand?
LIGO operates with quantum noise below the Standard Quantum Limit
iPadOS Identified as Digital 'Gatekeeper' Under New EU Tech Rules
Who will claim priority now?
Exchange rate is 1 EUR to 25 CZK.
Your ideal life at 15 probably included novelty
Well gee, if all we have to do is change our entire culture, that sounds easy!
There are a good few web and mobile apps out there to help you filter through what you want to read.

I'm rebuilding my website over at https://dev.hazumi.news which will soon let you search and filter by categories assigned by AI, e.g. posts by tech news, programming, business, economics, etc.

The iOS version today already has keyword based push notifications (with pro subscription), so you can toggle on notifications for specific keywords like Ruby, Rust, Apple, Google, etc from a predefined list, that I can add to if you request it.

Here's the app if you're interested: https://apps.apple.com/ie/app/hazumi-news/id1670237209
1 USD = 23.5 CZK. 1b CZK = US$42.5m

This is an article written in Czech, about an incident that occurred in Czechia. Assuming USD makes no sense.
baybal2: All your submissions and comments on HN are ”dead” and not visible to users unless they enable “showdead” in the settings. Either way no one can reply to you.

I recognize your nick from good thoughtful discussions from a few years back. My guess HN admins made your account “dead” because of the high number of posts with support for Ukraine.