skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I would just have a script with either all the variables on top of the script for you to set, or have it look for them in a configuration file you might change a little every run. That’s just my preference for this sort of thing, though. If I can avoid using external stuff or spending time learning new syntax, and keep it as simple and stupid as possible I try and just do that. Sounds like your solution is simple enough with shell history file keeping a record for you. Maybe playing with aliases or writing functions in your bashrc could save some typing for you
Not months of silence, months of bad communications.
I create wrapper scripts. I try to keep them simple... they're convenience scripts, not a replacement for a build system.

Here's one for a QEMU dev env where I add and remove bits of command line in a freeform way. I just break out the command line into components, and uncomment the ones I want for a particular use:

#!/bin/bash

set -ex

# Drive created with:
# /usr/bin/qemu-img create -f qcow2 ngx.qcow2 40G

#vga='-vga cirrus'
vga='-vga std'
#vga='-vga qxl'

drive='-drive file=ngx.qcow2,cache=writeback'

tablet='-usbdevice tablet'

#vnc='-vnc :3'

#cdrom="-cdrom base_install.iso"
#cdrom='-cdrom documentation.iso'
#cdrom="-cdrom /dev/sr0"
cdrom=''

#net='-net user -net nic'
net='-net user,restrict=off,hostfwd=tcp::6666-:6666 -net nic,model=rtl8139,macaddr=00:11:82:C3:54:55'
#net='-net user,restrict=on,hostfwd=tcp::6666-:6666,hostfwd=tcp::3389-:3389,hostfwd=udp::3389-:3389 -net nic,model=rtl8139,macaddr=00:11:82:C3:54:55'

monitor='-monitor stdio'

qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -nodefaults -m 768 $vga $drive $tablet $vnc $cdrom $net $monitor

If you have multiple stages to your build/run process, you can chain together a few scripts. build-and-run.sh builds it, and then calls run.sh which runs it. If you want to skip the build step, you use run.sh.
Although 5.0 was the first version to include HIMEM.SYS
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS: first with 12 years of support
I created a tool I called parseArger to create/maintain bash scripts arguments/options/flags parsing code https://github.com/DimitriGilbert/parseArger
It's heavily inspired by ArgBash (https://argbash.dev/) and uses parts of bashly (https://github.com/DannyBen/bashly/) which are very similar tools :)
I hope that helps and please forgive the shameless plug...
Extrapolated annually, that's about 320 Billion. Even if you want to normalize it by number of employees, it's it's over 1.7 Million USD/capita .

Capitalism is nuts.
> It would incentivize prosecution to avoid court at all costs.

Their job is to prosecute. Their only option is to pick cases that can be won. Which isn't hard, as the average person who is charged with some criminal act is not only guilty, but clearly guilty.

> Which means de facto immunity for wealthy people who can easily afford to go to court.

Money can't make a guilty man innocent. If you've actually done something wrong and there is evidence against you, the prosecution should have no qualms about prosecuting. In rare cases bad luck might lead to a payout due to a botched case or other unusual circumstance. But governments have enough money to self-insure for rare cases like that. It probably wouldn't even be a once-in-a-career event for the average prosecutor.

> And it will probably make law enforcement even worse about railroading people who can't afford any legal representation.

Rather the opposite: since full compensation is guaranteed if you win, it would be much easier to get a lawyer to work on contingency if you can convince them you are innocent. Right now that is very hard because even if you win, it's quite difficult to get the state to pay your legal bills so lawyers have no incentive to help you.
We got an Olivetti M24 in the home around 1986 (I was about 13 years old at that time). It had a CGA color monitor, 2x 5 1/4" floppy drives and no hard disk. It ran MS-DOS 3.3.

Sopwith along with Alleycat, Digger, Centipede, Winter/Summer Games, Lode Runner, Bruce Lee, were just some of the first games I played. But I looked with envy at my friends with C64's and one of them even got an Amiga 500 around 1987.

I learned programming with GW-BASIC on that M24 machine.
It is probably massively better for niche technical searches which many technical people here do for their job, that is the Kagis userbase after all.

But such searches doesn't generate much ad revenue, so it doesn't do much to Google to lose them, all the people searching for articles about makeup or clothes or games or other things that has strong advertisement potential Google is awesome as a search engine, I haven't seen anyone say Kagi is better there. Kagi is only better for the searches that Google doesn't care about since they generate so little ad revue, Google uses so much compute per search that I'm not even sure such technical searches would be profitable for them to run, likely that would increase profits to lose them to Kagi.
Apple releases eight small AI language models aimed at on-device use
Most retail shrink is done by employees, not customers.
I don't know. If I had the option to downsize and retire, I probably wouldn't go around saying that I expect to never retire.
Time to fade
Corporate Open Source is doing perfectly fine. For over 30 years corporations have exploited the idea (ideology) of open source for their needs. With the cloud this has just become more visible.

Projects have already changed hands in the past and the licenses were changed afterwards. Now they ask the seller to change the license upfront to put that problem on the seller’s table. That’s the only thing that has changed, besides the fact that the old idea of "the software is for free but you have to pay for support" is completely dead in the cloud.

So, everybody open source developer until their project becomes relevant and promises a payday.
I’ve considered using this. Just haven’t got around to it.
They’re expensive to train, not to run. A technical person could produce and run the kind of agent I’m talking about today on pro-sumer hardware. It would take a lot more effort to make something that non-technical people can use.
Video link and more comments from two weeks ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39995112
> but no way I'm letting some LLM book a hotel that might not exist or get me car insurance from StratesFrarm Unsurance.

Ah, scammers targeting your LLM assistant will certainly be a thing, this really sounds like the old "I bought the Eiffel tower" scams.
The simulation would be fine if we hadn’t abandoned it to scammers so that some two-bit VoIP services could make a buck. The result is understandable to young people: you literally cannot trust any incoming call that isn’t from a person you know very well —- because the only people calling your phone are people who want to do you harm or defraud you. And they call constantly. The worst part is that thanks to AI voice impersonation, even the “accept calls from people you know” heuristic isn’t trustworthy anymore. How do you explain to someone who spent 80 years trusting a communication medium that we’ve decided to let criminals run wild with it, and we think that’s fine?
The bulk of Sanskrit literature, including everything technical — astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, politics, etc — is in metrical verse. This was true both when things were primarily passed down orally, and when writing/printing was more widespread. Verse truly makes things more memorable.
I think the important point of the essay was that as long as you are not exploiting anything and trying to add value to the platform, it should not matter whether you are promoting yourself or not.

And yeah, I think HN does a good job of balancing the measures taken against spammers/exploiters vs. providing a place for you to share your essays.
I would assume that with some disassembling 4.01 could be reconstructed from 4.0 without too much trouble.
Congress creates and funds agencies. Agencies write the regulations. This is all specified in the law that was passed. FCC commission makeup is defined by law and their authority is defined by law.
I never thought I would be able to build DOS from scratch, but here we are!
> the main goal was of course to assure whatever they did wouldn't jeopardise tourism as the city's main revenue stream

The whole point is there are boatloads of tourists who contribute nothing to the local economy.

> 5€ is equivalent to a short-term parking fee and won't deter many visitors, except a few that wouldn't have been valuable to the city anyway

This is a lot of cruise ship visitors to Venice. I agree the rate is set too low. But that’s different from judging the primary motivation as a money grab.
It helps for internal servers that don’t have a public ip.
I use this in combination with FZF's ctrl-r command history which allows me to fuzzy search command history.
Even ancient Windows includes many 3rd party libraries. I would not expect any Win 9x or NT 3.51+ version of Windows to be open sourced in it's entirety. I hope I'm wrong.
I have a great appreciation for public libraries. I consider them to be one of the best examples of a public institution. They provide much more than just information. Everyone has the same access and privileges. They are just about the only warm, quiet, and comfortable space that isn't somehow exclusive or privately controlled. For someone without access to their own space (i.e. a stable home) they provide a place to find respite from an often hostile environment.

Libraries are a treasure that represent the best of humanity.

Having lived in quite a few different cities and towns, I've come to the conclusion that the quality of the library (i.e. of the space, atmosphere, and resources provided) correlates with the quality of the community.
It certainly changes the calculus: it's much easier to get a lawyer willing to work on contingency if there is a financial reward for winning. In civil cases it's quite common for lawyers to work on contingency because so many civil cases are obviously winnable, and have an immediate payout.

Of course, in practice what really would happen is it would be far less common for prosecutors to prosecute people when there isn't a solid case against them. If what I'm suggesting was how criminal cases worked, I doubt that Backpage would have been charged at all.

Note that I also think that plea deals should be much less common, or even totally banned.
that is WAY too complicated. not to mention using enough of that probably destroyed compile time/interpretation time. every time I see "advanced type logic" it seems to ruin a language, because people dont know how to use it in moderation.
> we don't need to do anything in generation/distribution infrastructure, we just need to roll out more chargers

I just never heard that argument, if it was common, or was it a Californian thing?

Grid controlled charging is common in Europe where electricity rates are higher (well, outside of Norway who has plenty of cheap hydro). Americans have always seemed to take their car freedoms for granted (cheap gas! free parking! cheap electricity!). Having lived in Europe for a couple of years and then in Asia, it boggles my mind how many free things we get over here.

Diablo Canyon has a warm water problem (that kills fish when the warm water is put back into the ocean), not a radiation problem.

> Seattle doesn't need AC, but a lot of housing does have electric baseboard heating. Those folks would definitely notice if electricity ~quadrupled in cost!

We are basically Norway: we have lots of hydro and a relatively mild climate. Heat pumps are pretty efficient.
Around the time Windows 2000 came around.

Up to Windows 3.11 it was a GUI on top of DOS. Windows 95, 98, Me used DOS to boot and it was still possible to stop the booting process at a DOS prompt (although in Me this was no longer official). Finally Windows 2000 had nothing to do with it as it is NT based.
This isn't sufficient to represent prices which often include fractional amounts of cents in non-retail scenarios. Think of AWS server prices per hour.
The American market is highly over regulated and most market libertarians would argue it hasn't been "free" in a long long time.
That all sounds a lot more complicated than just continuing to use react
LLM responses have also started embedding ads [1], or LLM responses are themselves ads [2]

- [1] https://www.reddit.com/r/ChatGPT/comments/17ky9sg/first_time...
- [2] https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/04/reddit-sneaky-ai-spa...
https://xkcd.com/927/ ?

We still use HDF (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format).

But I wonder, if I would choose a new file format today, what to choose? Nimble is maybe too new and there is too less experience with it (outside Meta).

Is there anywhere a good overview of all available options, and some fair comparison? Some that I found, but older:

https://www.hopsworks.ai/post/guide-to-file-formats-for-mach...

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1085/3/...

https://github.com/pangeo-data/pangeo/issues/285
> That's a recipe for a generation of kids warped and broken by being raised by parents who only see them as a cash cow.

No, unless everyone who currently chooses not to have children is a sociopath.
2038, you say? If your calendar is based on Unix epoch time, then ensure that you have upgraded to 64-bit timestamps before then.
They just changed the folder. All of those files are now in https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/tree/main/v4.0-ozzie
> Alternatively, if your store figures out how to take care and value your workers, your workers will care about your store and the locality in which the store exists, and they will work towards solving this problem.

This is a pretty backwards view of this situation. The workers should not be the one solving this problem, and the store should not be putting them in a position to do so. Locking up goods deters theft at a cost to the store. A worker confronting a thief deters theft but at a potential significant cost of the worker being assaulted (or charged with a crime for assaulting the thief).

The way this should work is that if the workers see the theft and call the police, who intervene appropriately.
Multi-Tasking MS-DOS

Beta Test Release 1.00

Release Notes

Enclosed you will find Microsoft's first beta release
of Multi-tasking MS-DOS. This version is based upon MS-DOS
Version 2 sources, we will be reimplementing the multi-tasking enhancements on top of Version 3 sources shortly.
Interesting if there are benefits over MergeTree (ClickHouse's data format).
We need to wait for the NSA backdoors to expire first ;)
Looks like they were moved to the Ozzie subfolder:
https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/tree/main/v4.0-ozzie
Like this? https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/04/reddit-sneaky-ai-spa...
Git is an example of this. [1]

There are high-level "porcelain" commands like branch and checkout.

And then there are low-level "plumbing" commands like commit-tree and update-ref.

[1] https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Po...
Many stir fry recipes involve heating oil until smoking.
I have yet to see a 5G home internet solution that's actually useful. It seems to be a "budget" internet option more than a viable alternative to most other solutions.

Latency and speed are slow, and some of the providers mess with/block certain traffic (IKEv2 etc).
I'd guess only a minority.

However, we should also remember that Mozilla's main funder is... Google/Alphabet, via a royalty deal for having Google be the default search engine. See, e.g., here:

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2023-05-05/why-go...

And while the royalties arrangement is not that old, Google was a main funder before that happened as well. FYI.
I think the best way to think of it is that it’s an estimation of the outputs of reasoning and knowledge. Of course this means that the models do need to model the reasoning process in some way, but it in no way implies that they model it in a way that’s rigorous or reliable.
I think both PHP and Ruby still have and will keep their niches, but in my opinion they don't provide the building blocks to expand outside of their niche and grow much at this point. If you contrast that with let's say Rust, which at least has the potential to become successful across a wide field of applications.

The problem that I can see with Ruby in particular is that its niche is getting smaller and smaller as the world evolves around it. Interactions with external services that are on the critical path to serving requests are becoming more common. Interactions with actual contents of pictures and documents are becoming more common. Concurrency is a major missing building block to build modern apps compared to 10 years ago, and the answer of the Rails community has mainly been YAGNI (although there are efforts to incrementally improve things, but no fundamental shift in language or runtime design).
If you read the article, it does have to do with the ruling. Part of regulating ISPs as a utility is that they can regulate/enforce rules on how ISPs handle outages.
That is something that you can only decide for yourself.
Cooking on a gas stove without proper ventilation is terrible for you. My stove didn't have a hood when I moved in, inspection didn't even call it out to fix. But I started getting dizzy and feeling sick in my house; and had to install air sensors before I realized it was cooking that was absolutely destroying my air quality. Like from 2ppm to 1000ppm down the hall in the office.

The whole "they're coming to steal your stoves" thing started for a reason, without proper ventilation to the outside (which just isn't that common in the US), cooking can destroy your lungs, even today.
OP's claim/observation is that "trained on the same dataset for long enough, pretty much every model with enough weights and training time converges to the same point [of inference performance]".

His conclusion is that "It implies that model behavior is not determined by architecture, hyperparameters, or optimizer choices. It’s determined by your dataset, nothing else".

There is an implicit assumption here that seems obviously false - that this "convergence point" of predictive performance represents the best that can be done with the data, which is to imply that these current models are perfectly modelling the generative process - the human brain.

This seems highly unlikely. If they are perfectly modelling the human brain, then why do they fail so badly at so many tasks? Just lack of training data?
No, you are thinking of 4.01 this is 4.0.

Those are very different operating systems, this is DOS 3.2 + later abandoned very crude multitasking features. Roughly.

And this matters because DOS 3.3 was a milestone.

4.01 comes from 4.00 which has nothing to do with 4.0 (yay for versions).
If consciousness (and choices, the output of consciousness) is completely determined by the brain's physical process, then there is no such thing as "libertarian free will" which is what people typically mean when they say "free will".
Then you do have expectations.

Of continued maintenance.

I hope whoever was maintaining the software had their expectations fulfilled too. We've all seen what can happen when they aren't.
LOL. Nice find.

Company open-sources old product? Search for curse words...!
Employees may still be able to limit the amount that is stolen. You may be able to steal one item, but are blocked from filling up a bag.
MSDOS 4 was reportedly an overall bad release and was not in wide circulation, in all my days I think I only came across it once. This is why DOS 3.3 and 5.0 were much more common to find in circulation together.

I'm sure the source for 4 will make for some interesting bug hunting. Anyone remember the MUF list? "Microsofts Undocumented Features".
> We have a very high bar for guilt in criminal trials.

If we do, then my suggestion should be easy to implement and will only impact a tiny minority of cases.

Of course, in this case it's pretty clear that the prosecution made up a bunch of charges that they knew they'd lose on to try to drain the resources of the people they were charging, as well as punish them pre-emptively. The prosecution also clearly broke the rules in other ways, eg by getting a mistrial when they kept on bringing up sex trafficking, a crime the Backpage founders simply weren't charged with.

There are plenty of actual criminals in the world that need to be prosecuted. This case is clearly a politically motivated exception.
Maybe that was the problem, Rails and Ruby for this problem didn’t demonstrate enough challenge for the role, so it didn’t show you off enough in the interview.
“Say you host spammers and scammers without saying you host them.”
One of the things the legislative branch can do is delegate their powers to organizations better equipped to understand complex issues.

These organizations, which function as part of the executive branch, are still subject to checks and balances from both the legislative and judicial branches. The legislative branch has the power to change the laws that govern what these agencies can or cannot do, and the judicial branch has the power to determine if their actions go against either the laws passed by the legislature or the constitution.

Banning regulatory agencies from doing their job would hamstring our government's ability to regulate anything, which is probably why monied interests like to argue that their very existence is unconstitutional.
I use DuckDuckGo for search, Apple Maps when on my iPhone, and Gnome Maps when on my computers. My main browser is Firefox, but I use Brave (Safari-based) on iOS due to better ad blocking there. I use local markdown files for all of my note taking, and Fastmail for email.

But I am aware that I’m not typical.
https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/blob/2d04cacc5322951f187...

> ; REV 2.15 7/13/83 ARR BECAUSE IBM IS FUNDAMENTALY BRAIN DAMAGED, AND

Someone was angry that day. Wonder if any IBM dev ever stumbled upon this when MS and IBM worked together.
The Future of MySQL is PostgreSQL: an extension for the MySQL wire protocol
I use this on unicornpoep.nl, a little multiple choice toy i built for my daughter to teach her multiplication tables.

This library is an awesome chromebook killer. I need to find something more optimized. But it does the trick!
I think I am opted into an experiment, but when I use Google search the first results are answers from their own LLM.

https://search.google/
Mistral.rs: Fast LLM Engine
That was literally just added; I have a tab open that doesn't have that folder. This is wild and strangely exciting to see released in real time.
What Blasterhacks Taught Me About Leadership
Different shareholders have different preferences for how money should be returned to them.

A buyback is tax efficient but very abstract as the share price may actually fall during a buyback meaning that it's harder to see the money being returned to you.

With a dividend you actually get cash in your brokerage account which is much more visible, even if you have to pay tax on it immediately.

I guess appealing to both groups of investors is better than appealing to just one?
The point is that you can call the language "assembly" or "assembler" and the hairsplitting difference the other person tried to make is nonsense.
The story of accidentally shipping his phone number around the world in the code is amazing!
Can’t you use aliases or functions in the ~/.bashrc? That’s what I do for complex lines I want to reuse.