skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
By saying "power structure of leaders" you're conflating leadership with power (and governance does not make us any more rational). For example, tribal "war chiefs" in indigenous groups were often seen as analogous to monarchs because that was our Western frame of reference at the time, but in practice their leadership was entirely consensual: if they were no longer needed, they abandoned their role and if their leadership was not considered satisfactory (i.e. poor performance, erosion of trust or abusive behavior) they were readily replaced.

Human groups are first and foremost consent seeking. In order to override consent, you need violence. Any governance that is not consent-based (not consensus-based, those are different things) requires a threat of violence to persist itself. Whether it's the direct threat of the king's men burning down your cottage and killing your family or the state sending armed law enforcement officers to take away your things and incarcerate you or the indirect threat of your employer firing you and taking away your source of income that enables you to have a roof over your head and food on your table.

It's worth remembering that most still widespread beliefs about animal hierarchies are likewise tainted by the power structures in which they were first described. I think the most infamous example is the myth of "alpha wolves" that even its author now regrets ever having published because it was based on a bad interpretation of the behavior of wolves in captivity (i.e. a man-made artificial environment), not the natural group dynamics of wild wolves.
Quite often I have had to help someone on Windows, who prefers Windows to Linux, to use their Windows computers properly. I have never seen someone who prefers Windows to Linux help someone to use their Linux computers properly. Anecdotal, sure, but things be how they be.
> while curl is my hobby, I also work on curl as a full-time job. It is a business and I serve and communicate with many customers on a daily basis.

While it's not my business, I still wonder how this business looks like. Is curl sponsored? If so, is this a common thing for foundational tools alike?
How significant is the difference in Elo scores for the end user? Should I use Claude Opus if I already have GPT4, despite its similar score?

Additionally, how much better is Claude for coding?
My absolutely new favorite heuristic for decision making comes from Mr. Bezos:

Is the decision costly to reverse (costly as in time / money)?
No → Make a decision fast.
Yes → Take your time, consider alternatives, talk to people, think some more.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFwCGECvq4I
The Day after Tomorrow? We have a decade of public warning.
I had this same experience being taught physics and maths. Just a bunch of what feel like pretty dull experiments which ends with a gold leaf moving...

But the STORY of physics is fascinating. Why each experiment was done, by who, to prove what etc etc. All the sciences are like a soap opera of personalities and disagreements that make them much more interesting - and memorable - if you know the back story.

That 'thin deep slice' comment really sums it up. No context, just a thing to memorise.

I think physics students should be give The Fabric of the Cosmos my Brian Greene to read before they start doing any actual learning. I bet there's a biology equivalent of a book that is a 'what we know so far and what we don't understand' - if you know of one please let me know.
> Eww should support minimal CSS rules to parse at least simple pages as HN.

HN does not need CSS to display more or less correctly, just tables. I hear there is a w3m emacs package, maybe try that?
Self-hosted is becoming more and more possible. For the first time in forever I think it makes sense to buy a beefy personal computer.
The best way to use googly, though I confess I have not use googly since about 2010.

https://www.google.com/ -site:google.com -site:amazon.com -site:facebook.com -site:ebay.com -site:shopify.com -site:netflix.com -site:instagram.com

etc etc etc
They don't need to: if you keep going straight in an infinite city you'll eventually reach a place that's virtually indistinguishable from the one you intended.

And just wait until you reach the library!
A Deeper Look Inside PostgreSQL Visibility Check Mechanism
There is no general statement to be made here -- some tribal organisations are hierarchical other's aren't (including the ancestors from my fathers side as recent as 100 years ago). For decades now western ethnographers and cultural anthropologists seem to have projected their dissatisfactions of their own world onto their subjects -- which is something more insidious than the frank judgements you get to read in first-hand encounters during the early modern period. This has reached a certain pitch in current years by the overt activism of modern X-studies.

> today's hierarchy was invented by the modern Christian church.

On the contrary, the Church was responsible for destroying the hierarchical structure of my father's people via colonialism. Just to repeat: I am trying to point at a strange phenomenon that one notices in modern western academia: it is precisely the unaddressed universalising, really, Christian beliefs of, say, a current professor of cultural studies coupled with a dissatisfaction with her own culture that leads her to attribute what is considered good under her ideological commitments onto the natives and the other way round. For example, the idea that all men are equal would be flat out 'devilish' to my father's people even 100 years ago.
House prices in the UK are awful. The health system is dire. The education system (in Scotland at least) is awful too (I know several teachers here who will tell you the same, and the international ratings speak for themselves. Tax is high, salaries for tech are way lower than US too. State pensions are chump change.
From Daniel's contact page:

> Just don’t send me private emails about the open source projects I participate in – unless you want to pay for commercial and private support!

So it's support basically, I suppose.
Truck (Lorry) Driving in the UK paying what it does is an economic aberration caused by Brexit and Covid 19 - e.g. 16,000 fewer EU nationals working as HGV drivers in the year ending March 2021.

In the end they had a shortage of nearly 100,000 drivers and had to massively incentivise new entrants to the industry. It's a complete outlier as far as blue collar vs white collar jobs in the UK/EU for the most part.

https://www.bbc.com/news/57810729

That said, overall the EU is paying somewhere around €80-120k for Senior Developers in the HCOL areas and as low as €45k in places like Spain. Overall, individual Contributor salaries outstripping even minor middle management is rare below architect or principal outside of FAANG.

This leads to the situation the commenter above identifies - that fairly vacuous softer-skill based IT Roles like Scrum Master or ART or Release Manager out-earn the median Engineer and are seen as a viable alternative for motivated people.
I think applying RLE to the file might give a better estimate, because files have blank space throughout, not just at the end. Just tried it on Super Mario World and the estimated size was 479,154 (468K) bytes.

If you don't have an RLE tool handy, you can force Pucrunch to act as an RLE-only compressor by using the -r 0 switch which disables the LZ compression feature.
The crypto people are very concerned about what happens to them when they believe they will inevitably become an oligarch.

It's all a bit "temporarily embarrassed billionaire"
I'd like to hear how he'd kick the bad actors off the network. Bitcoin is fundamentally permissionless.
It was basically true for all 16 and 8bit era consoles
Is the narrow waste concept useful? Sure everything is bytes but most things overlay structure on top of bytes, and treating those structures as bytes is probably not useful.

You could use “wc” to count the lines/bytes in a json file but counting bytes is likely one of the least useful/interesting things you could do with that json file.
>I discovered this when first learning how to program. The textbooks never worked; it all only started to click when I started to do little projects for myself. The project wasn’t just motivation but an organizing principle, a magnet to arrange the random iron filings I picked up along the way. I’d care to learn about some abstract concept, like “memoization,” because I needed it to solve my problem; and these concepts would lose their abstractness in the light of my example.

I think that's why we see people who've learned to program before college get that much more mileage from their courses

They're not smarter, they've just faced the problems we're trying to solve, which gives them the motivation to care about the solutions they're presented with
Doing micro optimizations is precisely the compiler's job - so I don't have to worry about it.
This is the number 1 reason to use macbooks instead of windows laptops at any job. Security compliance software is like a cancer on windows, macos has some of this kind of crap as well but is nowhere near as bad.
It seems to be a CEO issue. Nextcloud needs to focus on a replacement of Dropbox, which is fast, easy to install, secure, bug-free, and aesthetically appealing. In order words, replace only the Dropbox, not Dropbox and Microsoft and Google and a lot of other applications.
If you look around, you'll see the sponsors page: https://curl.se/sponsors.html

Some sponsorship is through opencollective, which includes transparent information about donations: https://opencollective.com/curl#category-BUDGET

So opencollective has it at $280k USD since sometime in 2018, not bad, that's like half of what the average Googler makes in 1 year (except spread over 5 years).

You can also see there hadn't been many big single donations in 2020 from this post: https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2020/01/03/curl-receives-10k-usd...
My point is that for a weekend PoC that you want to use for yourself… it’s rather a non-issue. Further, you need to create a lot of primitives before you can even tackle the problem correctly, so initially, it is an unsolvable problem until you have those primitives.
Its a political problem much more than a technical problem cuz all people wont accept the purely tech solution.

And technologists are still learning how to incorporate the political dimensions into their solutions. Its non-optional to ignore them - https://jacobin.com/2023/12/evgeny-morozov-interview-technol...
yes absolutely.

But it's been going strong for 15 years now, completely open for attack 24/7 and with an enormous bounty for anyone successful. And yet, tick-tock, next block.
Short Ruby News – edition 87
Yeah, and there used to be "subsistence farming" and "living in the forest" and "making everything out of sticks and stones because we don't know any better".

How far back do you want to go to find the optimal configuration of society? Or does it just coincidentally match the configuration that you personally grew up with?
> You can run USB drivers in user mode on both Linux and Windows.

Yeah, but you'd need to rewrite the whole Windows app for a native Linux or macOS port because WINE to my knowledge can't access devices even if there were a Linux/macOS driver.

> Active Directory servers could have some open source competitor too, aren't they mostly Kerberos?

AD is so much more than just LDAP+Kerberos. You have a fully integrated file store, native and direct integration into Exchange (on-prem and cloud), group policies for users and machines, DNS, DHCP, NTP... one vendor, one tech stack, one management way. Set it up and you're done, and even a novice can set up a minimal working small-business environment in a day.

With Linux, you have to integrate/configure Samba (LDAP, GPO, file storage), Heimdall/MIT Kerberos, postfix/exim (Mail), no idea what one could even use for calendar sync, BIND (DNS), ISC DHCP server, Jitsi (Video calls), Mattermost (Teams chats). Each of these software pieces have their own configuration syntax, nothing integrates automatically on its own, guides are sometimes horribly outdated, there's subtle differences in behavior between distributions, some of these tools have web UIs for management, others are CLI, and all of them look and behave differently.
No because you still have to trust the client.

With Kerberos a hacked client where user 1 has authenticated can't impersonate user 2 unless that user has also authenticated on the client.

With sec=sys the client is simply trusted without any per-user authentication.
> With their current approach, they can share one content authoring environment over an API that splits all render concerns to the consuming client.

Do you need an SPA for this? You have to write some code to handle different devices, I don't think it makes a lot of difference if it's being done in JS on the client side or rendered as HTML and spat out to the user direct?
He probably still works for WolfSSL [1], who I think lets him work on Curl full time.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Stenberg
For (1) there's stuff like BTRFS snapshots, or you could use Git on top of the FS
> My favourite for "local area" usage was the old New Zealand Map Grid .. not a polyconic projection, rather a custom complex polynomial optimised to reduce grid error in toto (by multiple metrics) for the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

Paper link: https://www.linz.govt.nz/resources/research/conformal-mappin...
Off topic but I find it wild that SF has API ads on bus shelters. Is that unusual/right in a dev hotspot, or have I been well underestimating just how intrinsic the tech culture is there? (I’m an Australian, so I guess my question applies to the US as much as SF)
Pathfinding algorithms are absolutely artificial intelligence. A* and so on were invented in just that sort of research.

It may not be AGI, but that was never claimed.
The issuance, which is the main source of bitcoin for sale on the market (from the miners) is halving.

value = demand/supply.

It takes a few months for the supply reduction to filter through to the market, but then things get wild.

Any other physical commodity such as gold for example, will naturally see a supply increase as the value increases (retired miners dusting off their picks to profit on the high prices) but bitcoin's issuance is hard fixed. No amount of effort will produce more bitcoin than 3.125 every 10 minutes. Mankind has never seen anything like this before.
> For example, a Google IC5/6 in Paris would make between 150k-200k vs ~500-700k in the bay area.

Having worked for Big Tech(TM) in Ireland, I'm a _little_ sceptical of those numbers. There's a big gap, but, at least in the mid levels, it is not _that_ big.

Levels.fyi seems to have paywalled most of their data, so I can't find what Google pay in Paris, but the lowest they show for total compensation for an L6 is $390k, highest $720k. Both of those are serious outliers; median is $550k. While I'm always a bit suspicious of levels.fyi data, I think you're seriously exaggerating how big the gap is, at least in big tech (it can be a lot bigger in small startups).
> C and C++ are still unfortunately prevalent

come now, they look nothing like they were 30 years ago.
Stopping immigration will also stop housing construction, a large proportion of builders are immigrants. Official numbers that say 90% of builders are British are hilariously inaccurate - construction is notably a cash-in-hand informal industry in the UK, and neither employer nor employee has any incentive in reporting their relationship. Source: several unrelated friends in the industry.
The same thing stroke me, I assumed it is specific to an area where there are many software engineers.

I think people mostly don't know about Curl and PUT requests, it probably would be a huge waste of money to advertize like this in the wild. Not that I don't think ads are a huge waste in general.
I know this is a discussion of Unix in general, but on your own Mac, you can get `trash` packages for the terminal [0] [1].

I use the former, I haven’t tried the latter. But afaict, they should be pretty much identical – they both supply `trash <path>` which could, for most intents and purposes, probably be aliased as `rm`.

One thing to note is that none of these tools seem to support the “Put Back” feature of Finder. Trashed files don’t remember their original locations. But I’ll personally still choose that over being nervous before every `rm`.

[0] – https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/trash
[1] – https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/macos-trash
So many comments posted using dictation in this thread!
You are extremely forward thinking or just crazy
> I would personally perhaps protest against the use of PUT for POSTing JSON, but nobody asked me.

Just wondering, if the resource ID is known, I thought PUT is the recommended method? We usually use POST for creating a new resource for which you don't know an ID yet.
Just query each archive for the total uncompressed data. While the 'real' code+data is less than the size of the banks, the banks are always ^2.
opentelemetry metrics?
Will take this as an opportunity to complain about how sub-par dominos ordering is in Canada compared to Belgium. In Belgium, they have a modern website with a real-time tracker for when the food will arrive. In Canada, they have a progress bar that just says “out for delivery” without any indication of how long it will take.

Their website and ordering experience in Canada is so frustrating that I mostly stopped getting Dominos, except for exceedingly rare occasions
Largest economies in Africa in 2024 – IMF
Most P&C adventures can be reasonably completed on your own if you have the right mindset. But if you do get stuck and don't have the patience to figure things out then consider UHS [0] first before resorting to a full-on walkthrough.

[0] https://www.uhs-hints.com/
I think that there is completely different reason why they dont participate in improving the linux. As its fundamental mantra of "move fast, break things" is creating bigger and bigger gnordian knot, while FreeBSD mantra is being well though, designed and stable. SystemD will never get into FreeBSD. Docker is still behind FreeBSD jails (released 2000!) that are a security feature since the start. And so on. And people using and developing it, like such system, which linux is absolutely not.

For fun check this beauty: https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=setfib&apropos=0&s...

This why we use FreeBSD. As not only its kernel but also its userspace is well designed.
Id30: Humanized IDs for URLs and More
Ask HN: If you could print your Twitter feed on something, what would it be?
Some possible choices are:
- Beach Towel
- Poster/Stationary
- Legging/Jogging

or let me know why you would never ever do such a thing
Didn't work for me on Firefox Android for some reason.
The goal here isn't to tell the real file sizes, the goal here is to estimate the "effective" file size without any padding. Padding can be at places other than the end of the file.
I didn’t realize until another comment mentioned it, but before you start spinning, you can click a part of the world to center the map on it.
The technical fix to this exact issue is remove or SRI and review third party code. None of these features are a must have requirement for online banking.

However, the breadth of this problem indicates the fix is bigger, else this will just pop up again without being noticed and should be tackled from two directions.

Technically: in the context of non-repudiation, web browsers are insecure for users. Significant user requests (make a payment, consent to terms, etc) are not stored client side, not signed and were a user to discover an audit log feature there is no distinction between what JS did and what a user did. This should and must change for the web to evolve to protect users.

Business: the failure across most of the banking sector suggests that all who should be holding the banks to account (share holders, creditors, regulators, customers, etc) are failing to monitor the banks and given there has been prior warning of this for some (regulators) failing to act. If a third party uses their remote access to hack customers, then I'm sure they will react but that may be too late. When we want security in our physical environment we have watchdogs whose responsibility is not just to react, but to proactively monitor the environment: spot the river has chemicals in it. Banking is significant enough that it probably needs a watchdog tasked with specific objectives regarding information security.
It's not meant to be a replacement for Dropbox but rather for Google Drive + Google Docs + Google Photos, all of which is fine by me as it's been working well for me as a replacement for all of those since 2020.
>As a musician myself, I don't want fans, I just want a vast audience to hear my music so that a percentage of people out of it connect with it and collect it. No merchandising involved beyond the music, and streaming it is free... Social media dictates that all musicians need fans to grow, and that is toxic towards good authentic music happening.

If you don't make any money from distributing your music or from merchandising, how exactly do you make a living? It sounds like you're not a professional musician. Professionals could make a living just from selling concert tickets, but they need to be popular enough to have a strong following and sell a LOT of tickets when they play a venue.

>I'm glad I don't make Pop music, and I'm working to make timeless music, the POP life is not for me.

The music I listen to isn't so popular these days, but these bands still generally need to make a living if they want to be full-time musicians, and they typically do it with concert tours and merchandise. (Streaming and CD sales seem to be mostly only good for advertising for them.)
Rumination is also great.

Just focus on the problem. Let imagination flow, but just focus on the problem, on the obstacle. Don't get lost on solutions, just inundate your mind with the problem, on the bad aspects, don't try to make you feel good with wishful solutions.

Then let it rest. Or keep ruminating. It's amazing how fast, and how frequent, you get some kind of epiphany or eureka moment.

Then do numbers or study your answers with a rational mindset.

Values are also and awesome and usually unknown compass. "Get out of your mind and into your life" from Steven Hayes has a great definition of what values are. It's a great book, I know about it from hackernews.

This book also tells a interesting idea. Some times you don't have to decide, you have to make a choice. A choice is arbitrary, there a lot of crossroads in life which don't have a objective solution.
Why shouldn't it advantage early adopters? Back when bitcoin was $100, $1000, even $10000, it was far, far riskier than it is now. Those people buying it then were coming onto boards like this, only to be ridiculed and dismissed as scammers. There was no Blackrock ETF, there was no Michael Saylor. There was Mt Gox, the block wars etc.

You buy bitcoin at the price you deserve.
I mean... have you considered a _train_? :)
Singapore has disappeared as well.
Apple ecoPhone sold on the Apple website would have no brand awareness?
When in an Uber from the airport in San Francisco, I remember seeing a giant billboard for Twilio. I had a similar reaction.
Penguins in the pond, kiwi in the back yard: how a city brought back its birds
As a safety inspector, I find to be more successful in teaching safety when I explain why some rules are in place. If not explained explicitly, people will figure an explanation on their own, and then sometimes they will be wrong - e.g. I'm safe to enter the hazardous zone, as it's a break time so no one works above = no risk of things falling down - except some things could be poorly secured and still fall down, or there could be a radiographic testing pending, or there could be holes in the floor… Knowing the reasons for a rule also make it easier to remember the rule.