skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
"""
Under the final rule, existing noncompetes for senior executives can remain in force. Employers, however, are prohibited from entering into or enforcing new noncompetes with senior executives. The final rule defines senior executives as workers earning more than $151,164 annually and who are in policy-making positions.
"""

Given in tech industry / FANG, most people earn above the $151,164 I wonder how they define "policy-making positions" ?

As I read the above sentence I understand that this is a binary and and not an either you earn that much or are in policy making positions?
Suppose I own 0.01% of the company I work at. If that company is publicly traded, I can sell those shares to anyone.

If that company is a co-op in which only employees are allowed to own shares, the only people I can sell my shares to are other employees.

In general, more willing buyers (who in turn know they can they sell those shares unrestricted in the future to any buyer), increases the people willing to bid on those shares at any given moment in time. (It’s the same basic reason that you’d rather have $100 in cash than $100 gift card for Starbucks.)
“it’s ok because it has always been like this” is both a fallacy and a really bad argument.
Please, US doesn't need to prove anything w.r.t freedom vs. China.
Others have brought up this issue when I’ve discussed it with them. I wonder if there’s a solution. Perhaps something in game theory? When productivity is more easily measured then there’s little debate - like making commission on sales.
Keypirinha (a launcher) works well with Everything. Both are free. The former hasn’t been updated for a few years, but it still works for launching applications, performing quick calculations, currency conversion, etc.

[1]: https://keypirinha.com/
That's the amount that would be released by burning 50,000 gallons of gas, which is about that ten typical cars will burn throughout their entire lifespan.

Done once, I agree, that's very little.

But if each of those 600,000 other models used that much (or even a tenth that much), then that now becomes impactful.

Releasing 500 tons of CO2 600,000 times over would amount to about 1% of all human global annual emissions.
> should ban any Chinese social media app or network

The law permits the President to similarly designate any entity that meets the law's thresholds for a covered company [1] controlled by a foreign adversary [2].

[1] https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7521... § 2(g)(2)

[2] Id. § 2(g)(1)
Far fewer than 600,000 of those are pretrained. Most are finetuned which is much easier. You can finetune a 7B model on gamer cards.

There is basically the big guys that everyone's heard of (google, meta, microsoft/openAI, and anthropic) and then a handful of smaller players who are training foundation models mostly so that they can prove to VCs that they are capable of doing so -- to acquire more funding/access to compute so that they may eventually dethrone openAI and take a piece of the multi-billion dollar "enterprise AI" market for themselves.

Below that, there is a frothing ocean of mostly 7B finetunes created mostly by individuals who want to jailbreak base models for... reasons, plus the occasional research group.

The most oddball one I have seen is the databricks LLM which seems to have been an exercise of pure marketing. Those I suspect will disappear when the bubble deflates a bit.
It has 480B parameters total, apparently. You would only need 512GB of RAM if you were running at 8-bit. It could probably fit into 256GB at 4-bit, and 4-bit quantization is broadly accepted as a good trade-off these days. Still... that's a lot of memory.

EDIT: This[0] confirms 240GB at 4-bit.

[0]: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/6877#issue-226...
There formed a subculture inside Ruby community, of people who love code that is as structured and declarative as possible, with an abstraction over anything that has a name, and a hierarchy of namespaces that map onto paths or grouping of similar things, rather than parts of a module or a library. There are many examples of libs like these out there (I won't name names). For example, libraries that let you write "service objects" declaratively with some block/lambda trickery.

I find this to be a fun way to play with and explore Ruby, but once it comes to building stuff for production, I encourage to take a bunch of steps back and rethink what is really being gained. Many of these libraries end up turning Ruby almost unrecognizable. And the fact is that if you sit down and try to rewrite the same thing into plain imperative ruby, you'd lose nothing (it won't even be longer), but you'd gain clarity and maintainability, because code becomes simple and obvious. I know this because I've done all of the above in the past, and it humbled me a number of times. I wish more people were trying to do this exercise of ruthlessly comparing their lib's solution to the same thing done in plain ruby. It may feel bad at first because it bursts the bubble of excitement one may've inflated while building a lib. But then I find it actually makes you more excited about Ruby again.

I haven't personally used Hanami, been following it from a distance, and I might be wrong in this impression, but I found it to be leaning a little too hard into the camp described above. That said, performance gains are certainly welcome.
Is anyone else concerned at the societal effects of technology like this? In one of the examples they show a young girl. In the upscale example it's quite clearly hallucinating makeup and lipstick. I'm quite worried about tools like this perpetuating social norms even further.
Been there twice. Love the place and it's ultra dark skies.

Once we were driving on the road from Calama to San Pedro de atacama at night and we felt that it's weird that for 50kms these clouds are in the same position in sky and haven't moved. Only till we stopped and realized that those clouds were the Magellanic clouds that were visible with naked eyes from inside the car. That's the darkness of this place. It's worth preserving.
You can choose data residency. My account is hosted in Europe
Is there any evidence that the content on TikTok isn't a result of the beliefs and interests of its users in America?
Electricity is fungible though so how do you track consumption?

I agree it's a problem though, like where Germany just reduced total production and then imports (mostly nuclear) electricity from France and Sweden.
It really the only option though, so if it bothers them that much, they should avoid SB. Maybe if enough people boycott, SB will stop using plastic tea bags
Firefighting foam company reaches $750M settlement for PFAS in drinking water
Exactly. You can prototype heavily and make sure peripherals, firmware programming, etc is working/to your advantage before doing any pcb work

That said bigger mcu,mpu +fpga type devboards will still absolutely price out hobbyists
Yeah but that's a 70B model. You can see on the Inference Efficiency chart that it takes more than 3x as much compute to run it compared to this one.
Why on earth is trading onion futures illegal in the us
It’s obviously not the same situation so blindly assuming that precedent means the same outcome is wrong.

In particular TikTok is not being “banned” based on content, so it’s likely strict scrutiny will not apply.
What sort of adversarial actions have they taken against the US?

The most recent one I can think of is responding with tariffs against the US after we put tariffs on their solar exports.

Beyond that... the Korean war I think was the last time we were any sort of direct/semi direct conflict with them. And Taiwan is the touchiest aspect we have with them.
> high-speed trains running from Merced to Bakersfield

I lived in CA for 15 years. I've been all over it (incl central ca). This would be such a pyrrhic victory, that I lack words! Who the hell needs to commute enough between those two god-forsaken places to justify the billions spent on this?
and security (handled by someone much better at it than me) in particular
https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/815/... is the relevant text of the bill presented to the President. It's restricted to companies with 1M+ MAUs that allow users to create profiles and share content, and only then if the President makes a public notice and public report to Congress of that determination for a specific company.

Covered countries are here: https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php?width=840...

In theory, this could be used more broadly. Not a lawyer, but there's a reading that it would give a president the ability to unilaterally force divestiture in companies that have as little as a "choose your username for your online account" functionality. It's unlikely to affect B2B supply chains, though. Presidents have many existing tools at their disposal anyways if they want to disrupt those.
Tourist facing 12-year prison sentence for ammo in luggage in Turks and Caicos
Ask HN: Any rising concerns about H5N1?
Not sure if this is paranoia, or the flames of a conspiracy, it does seem like the concerns are growing at a pace akin to early covid. What do you folks think?
How would you enforce it internationally though?
Aren't those just iframes, which is effectively just youtube loading inside an existing web page instead of its own tab. I would assume first party cookies would work just fine for this.
Most of those are fine tuned variants of open base models and shouldn't be included in the "every tech company" thing you're trying to communicate. Most of those are researcher or engineers learning how to work with these models, or are training them on specific data sets to improve their effectiveness in a particular task.

These fine tunes are not a huge amount of compute, most of them are doing these trainings on a single personal machine over a day or so of effort, NOT the six+ months across a massive cluster it takes to make a good base model.

That isn't wasted effort either. We need to know how to use these tools effectively, they're not going away. It's a very reductionist and inaccurate view of the world you're peddling in that comment.
> That thing retails new for 10k. You got awesome friends if they have such a thing lying around unused and willing to sell it to you at a discount!

Tactical eBay (or whatever is the robust 2nd handmarket in your region) can yield similar discounts on such hardware. Retail price is often list price, and that is often a large mark up regardless. The 32x100G port version of the same switch goes for around £2000 in the UK 2nd hand market

> what's the smallest and reasonably affordable Mellanox model that has a similar featureset in terms of native Linux support?

The SN2010 is likely the smallest, the SN2700 is likely the cheapest
The answer is the same as to the question "Why a cat licks his balls?"
Whenever I open YouTube in Private mode, I get nonstop soft porn material. US companies are doing enough harm all on their own.
Nonsense. A free and open system does not require foreign adversaries to be given free access to manipulate and control the population. That's not an open system, that's pure stupidity.
Enemy of the State (1998) was prescient, that had a ridiculous example of "zoom and enhance" where they move the camera, but they hand-waved it as the computer "hypothesizing" what the missing information might have been. Which is more or less what gaussian splat 3D reconstructions are doing today.
I think the problem with open source in today's day and age is that old school programmers were all about making the landscape better, because they enjoyed computers where they had a passion for it. Modern-Day programmers, as a general statement, want money. Open source software is generally a terrible way to make money, but modern-day programmers believe that they can just create a really nice program and then make money from it. From a financial perspective, open source software is basically terrible for the people that make it, but really really great for the people that use it. That kind of goes against capitalism, almost, because basically every other capitalist-based business rapes all of the benefits for the person that develops the thing, so coming from a very american-centric perspective, it seems kind of wild to think that I can develop something that is really the backbone of a bunch of different stuff and very good, and make absolutely no money from it.
The Five Most Likely Explanations for Long Delayed Echoes
This is not true in theory (you can't get infinitely far away) or in practice (if you're far enough away to approximate orthographic projection you are too far away to see any detail with the naked eye).
I don't really have a lot of sympathy for people who post links as "examples" causing readers to witch hunt people on social media (GitHub in this case) regardless of their conduct. The user mentioned in the article has now been harassed so much they have deleted most of their GitHub and is threatening suicide.

This letter reads hollow and I've seen a number of them before. If everyone operated this way OSS would be an apocalyptic nightmare.

I'm also not really sure what the author expected here. Having popular stuff garners unfair criticism. It's part of the gig. You can't control it. It feels like a rant - I understand, completely - but when you send people to a specific comment and tell them "see what this asshole said about me!" you're sending emotionally charged people behind the defense of their computer screen to gang up on that person. It's no longer an example, it's an abuse of power. And it feels like the author knows this, given they felt the need to write an announcement article.

This feels incredibly poor taste.
> The US has had rules against foreign ownership of media since forever.

Why doesn't this apply to websites hosted overseas generally, or for other countries besides china. I can access media at www.abc.net.au just fine.
What about mutts? Would be cool if dog physiognomy is so advanced it could identify distinct breed percentages. Then we could apply it to humans. That would be useful!
Your TV never receives per pixel data. Why would you use a NN to enhance the data which your TV has constructed instead of enhancing the data it actually receives?
They're actively undermining our interests all over the world. What else are they but an adversary?

Just look at the situation in the Philippines at Second Thomas Shoal. They're actively baiting the US.
How much better do you think public transportation is in the US (35 people per square kilometer) than in Finland (16 people / km²) or Sweden (24 people / km²)?

While you're checking the provided citation, you might want to compare those countries' fertility rates too (and others as well, of course – France's for instance is quite a bit higher than that of the US': 1.82 vs. 1.67). You have yet to demonstrate that your hypotheses are well supported by data.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependen...
I’m kind of in favor of term limits (though I would make them a bit longer) but there are surely some downsides, like increasing campaign spending and this the influence of money in politics.
You contradict yourself by asserting "arbitrary action X, which will prove this" implying the party is guilty by mere speculation about unknowns.
I believe this is called "moving the goalposts".
> How does reduced liquidity equal lower share value?

1: Lower liquidity usually goes hand in hand with higher transaction costs, which means a bigger gap between how much the buyer pays and how much the seller walks away with.

2: Time value of money: Suppose some liquid asset can be exchanged for $X right now, and an otherwise equivalent illiquid asset can be exchanged for $X by, let's say, a month from now. $X today is more valuable than $X in a month, so no one is going to buy the illiquid asset today for $X if they could get the liquid one instead.
I wonder what is greater, the CO2 produced by training AI models, the CO2 produced by researchers flying around to talk about AI models, or the CO2 produced by private jets funded by AI investments.
What makes you say that? What do they possibly have to gain by selling their main product?
To have more than one type of green. You can use Tailwind with only one green if you want, too, but it doesn't make any sense (either in Tailwind or in FCSS)
> The story back in the ancient history of ~1989->2021 was our free open liberal system was so obviously superior that we were just going to wait around for China to realize their dumb mistake

That story worked out fine until US companies started sending all their IP over to China for manufacturing which resulted in 3 key outcomes that broke the initial strategy:

1. It funded and supported the buildout of China's manufacturing base. China now has the best manufacturing base in the world, and in some cases is the only place in the world certain things can be feasibly made.

2. It guaranteed an export market for Chinese goods which helped to drive their economic engine.

3. It allowed unfettered industrial espionage. There is a reason that nearly every product in existence has a Chinese clone/counterfeit available within a week of launch.

The strategy failed, because the Great Firewall only keeps information out of China that the government wants kept out of China, but any other information goes in, but it prevents pretty much all information from flowing out. Firewalls are not binary, they are tunable with policy, and the Chinese government has historically had a strong strategy and nuanced policy, which has allowed them to see great economic success despite reducing freedom of information. Fundamentally, it's economics that drives the rise and fall of governments.
I'd love a VS code extension that lets my type css and converts it to Tailwind.
TypeScript: Branded Types
If TikTok tells users "our app is being banned, so just use the website instead", I predict America will move towards a national firewall.

Let's see, it will be interesting to look back on these comments in a decade.
Before 2019, the year most people who had issues with Google Search gave as the last one it was decent was 2012, so that tracks.
https://esphome.io/components/modbus_controller.html
The US is requiring social media to not be owned by China. That seems to be a consistent rule for all companies.
Not much of one.
Your phone can do that though. It's built into iOS, and I believe on Android it's part of Google Lens.
Prior to Gpt4 there was PowerSet, which was specifically targeting search. They got bought by Microsoft and then... nothing.

While you can use Gpt4 to do the job, you have to ask yourself why there isn't a search engine just using it.
Her fiancé has been in prison for 49 years. She's trying to free him
$12 billion for 351 km is $34 million per km.

France is planning a new 410 km high speed rail line between Paris and Lyon for €12 billion [1]. That's $11.2 billion at current exchange rates, giving $25 million per km. That seems to be a pretty normal price for high speed rail in Europe [2] for routes that don't need tunneling.

So this US project is about 36% more expensive than a typical EU high speed rail project. Higher, but is it really enough higher to qualify for "what's wrong in the US"?

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_France#Unde...

[2] https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-r...
Basically, dabbling in PCs used to be really expensive relative to today. ((The details matter of course) but basically a PC and software in the early eighties was many thousands of dollars in today's money.
Pretty much everyone agrees that the existence of a distinction between zombie and non-zombie Chalmers is inconsistent with strong physicalism. That is the whole point. Regarding empathy, I'm saying that you appear not to understand why physicalism might not be the non-negotiable ur-assumption for someone else that it is for you. Chalmers is arguing against physicalism, so to point out that his position is inconsistent with it is not a very interesting response. You're certainly free to make your own judgment about the centrality of physicalism to your belief system; it just doesn't work as a rejoinder to Chalmers' arguments.

We could have an extended discussion of exactly which aspects of privileged access Dennett denies, but the broader point here is that he himself acknowledges the counterintuitive nature of his position on it.

> [Physicalism] is everybody's default assumption when dealing with anything that matters in practical terms.

No, it isn't. People assume that things which they take to be physical objects (such as cars) will obey physical laws. They can perfectly well do this without the additional assumption that the contents of the universe are exhausted by physical entities. Indeed, when dealing with people (who surely matter in practical terms!) it is probably a minority of the world's population who assume them to be wholly physical. The idea that non-physicalists must be worried about their cars exhibiting ghostly non-physical behavior is just silly. It is like saying that someone who does not believe that everything in the universe is made of wood must be worried that their wooden table might actually be made of chocolate. Believing in the existence of non-wooden things doesn't preclude treating wooden things as instances thereof. Almost everyone believes that there exist wholly physical objects governed wholly by physical laws, even if they don't think that all objects fall under this category.
It's a statistical model of language. If it wasn't trained on text that says "I don't know that", then it's not going to produce that text. You need to use tools that can look at the logits produced and see if you're getting a confident answer or noise.
http://archive.today/vWDWX
Not that it would be worth sactioning the P670, since XiangShan already has higher SPECint2006 scores.
For me, the part that is most wild is that I have never heard a Japanese onomatopoeia that sounds remotely close to what I would actually assume the sound to sound like. when I was a little kid and I was studying Japanese, it always made me think that Japanese people had different ears than I did, because if they're hearing all of these sounds the way they are and I'm hearing them all the way I am, there's no possible universe where we are describing them the same way, which would mean that we have to hear them differently. I now realize it's likely more of a societal thing, but it's still interesting nonetheless
There was a Star Trek: Voyager episode in which Voyager finds one of the original Voyager probes on a planet. The episode is called Friendship One [0].

[0]: https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Friendship_One_(episode...
All the good stuff starts out looking like toys.
> it's entirely possible for humans to be using a completely different process to catch balls etc, than kinematic equations.

This all turns on what you mean by "completely different". Yes, obviously when you learn to actually catch a ball your brain is not doing anything that maps straightforwardly onto the kinds of symbolic manipulations that happen when you do math. On the other hand, it has to map onto doing math somehow even if that mapping is not straightforward. The only other possibility is that your brain is actually doing something that doesn't map onto math in any way, but still somehow produces the same results that math does by sheer coincidence. If you could actually demonstrate that, it would be one of the biggest breakthroughs in the history of science because it would refute the Church-Turing thesis.
Question: Why do so many people ask if it's needed "24/7"? I've been on 2 calls this week where someone asked about my project "Do you need it available 24/7?"

I'm wondering where this question keeps coming from and why people ask it - of course if I'm launching a public product it should be available 24/7. Is that what the question is?
Side note, I find old mailing list discussions like these very enjoyable. Kinda like good old c2.com wikiwiki. I miss that a lot nowadays.
Investigation of a Cross-Regional Network Performance Issue