skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The world does not want for lack of Political Science graduates.

I don't know about that. I think our electorate could use a lot more political science education. In any case, your statement takes for granted the student loan system. Would the world want for lack of polisci graduates if there were no student loans?

> It's pretty high on the list of "I have no idea what to study but I need a degree" choices, as evidenced by me gravitating toward it after successively eliminating basically everything else

That's just your personal anecdote. My personal ancedote is that I also got a degree in political science, and it was because I was genuinely interested in political science.

> It is objectively a "dumb" thing to do to bank that you'll be one of the minority who gets a job and you'll survive the grind long enough to make a decent living.

I would say objectively "risky" rather than dumb. It does pay off for some. Would you say the "winners" were dumb? Would you say that professional athletes who are now fabulously wealthy are dumb because it's "dumb" to pursue a career where most people fail?
What’s his theory at this point? Let’s say this works and new bot accounts are delayed 3 months. What’s the next step?
https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1
>>But it’s not just the contract that is useful for business-the very process of getting a contract can teach you a great deal about the person who you are thinking about joining in a business venture. Indeed, if done correctly, before you sign on the dotted line, the negotiation itself will tell you what is likely to happen.

THIS.

And a corollary I have found very useful is to examine any contract presented to you for how the terms are presented. If the terms are even-handed and mutual obligations, then fine.

But I often see heavily one-sided terms, with weasel-out clauses for them, and hard lines and penalties for us. In these cases, my rule is to simply withdraw from the negotiations, or do so after only one failure to try to negotiate fiar and equitable terms.

The lesson learned is that if they are trying to set you up in the contract with your hands tied behind your back, they WILL take advantage of you in any way they can. The one chance to fix it is in case they've just got an attny who 'thinks he's doing his job by being a bulldog' and they aren't paying attention to how it looks; if they fix everything immediately, I'll give them a pass, but it usually goes poorly, which is very revealing. Every time I've broken my rule, I've regretted it.
See my highest level comment for a discussion of why blaming the family is intellectually lazy.
How Many School Shootings? All Incidents from 1966-Present
I don't think you want a vacuuming robot. Those already exist, its called a Roomba, and they have a lot of limitations that are completely intractible in their given form factor. You have to modify how you use your house to make it actually useful enough. Some examples:

1. Stairs. Roomba's can't vacuum stairs, so you still need to do those yourself.

2. Stairs, Roomba's can't traverse stairs, so you need one for each floor.

3. Doors. If you want the Roomba to vacuum the whole house, you have to have all the doors open for it.

4. Can't have anything on the floor, the Roomba will either get stuck or avoid it. But I shouldn't have to never leave a backpack on my floor if I want it vacuumed.

5. Corners. Roomba's can't vacuum in corners or in tight areas between furniture and walls. or any other weird geometry. ie: I have a wire shelf. Roomba doesn't fit under it but its easy to use a stick vacuum to get between the wires and to the floor.

And this is before we get to the limit on suction and capacity in that form factor.
I do think there is a big difference between an invasion and the war that is happening here. Yes I realize both are a war, but there is a big distinction.

That being said, if we need to apply it universally and avoid situations like this that may be the better situation. Once we start making special cases we open it up to this exact situation.
Can't test, but what happens if you paste with Shift-Ctrl-V?
It's fun how this makes me both agree and disagree at the same time.

For whatever reason I manage to re-sign in to LinkedIn or Twitter once in a while, and boy do I hate the tone of people who act like they're some sort of business guru. Beyond the point of the article, there's a pretentious tone that I think one should avoid.

But stuff like:

> Blogging is fun and therapeutic. Grammar and editing aren’t

I have to disagree with. I like the craft portion of any activity. It's the type 2 sort of fun, where it's not necessarily fun when you do it, but the result makes you proud and happy, so it's worth it.

I think a better advice might be to do things for yourself rather than trying to please others?
Would it be analogous to say instead of having a single Von Neumann who is a polymath, we’re posing the question to a pool of people who are good at their own thing, and one of them gets picked to answer?
That's totally fine, but benchmarks are like standardized tests like the SAT. They measure something and it totally makes sense that each release bests the prior in the context of these benchmarks.

It may even be the case that in measuring against the benchmarks, these product teams sacrifice some real world performance (just as a student that only studies for the SAT might sacrifice some real world skills).
Was this 1080 mode a limitation of your graphics card? I drove mine with a Matrox G400 Max (360MHz RAMDAC) and it was good for 1440p.
Can confirm. A fresh boot of plasma eats up around 666MB of RAM. Not much more than the so called lightweight distros, sometimes even less than them, and plasma is a full on DE not a gimped WM.

For benchmarks, just Google them yourself or spin up a VM yourself.
You will find that a disproportionately large amount of work and innovation in an AI product is in the backing model (GPT, Mixtral, etc.). While there's a huge amount of work in databases and the open web, SaaS products typically add a lot more than a thin API layer and a shiny website (well some do but you know what I mean)
It's really a kind of enforced sparsity, in that it requires that only a limited amount of blocks be active at a time during inference. What blocks will be active for each token is decided by the network itself as part of training.

(Notably, MoE should not be conflated with ensemble techniques, which is where you would train entire separate networks, then use heuristic techniques to run inference across all of them simultaneously and combine the results.)
Sure, but how much will you bet against the draining system being neglected because the historical climate had little need for it?
For the record, Occupy Wall Street didn't disturb Wall Street. It was a small protest at a park a few blocks away. If you actually live in Manhattan it's hilarious how big of deal the media made what was ultimately an incredibly small and insignificant event.
The actor model is still prone to many forms of race conditions, among others, live and dead locks.
I mean, it's not like linear algebra has changed that much in 4 years?
Any idea why everyone seems to be using 8 experts? (Or was GPT-4 using 16?) Did we just try different numbers and found 8 was the optimum?
I'm also pretty sure there are more human skeletal remains than any other species on the planet, whether comparing by count or mass.

Whether or not that's already making it into materials used in fancy house decorating materials is a more complicated question I guess.
The usual idea is that there’s something more fundamental. Threads to weave the fabric out of, to extend the analogy.

Nobody has yet created a fully convincing model, but it certainly would be elegant if spacetime itself arises from something that doesn’t need four-dimensional semi-hyperbolic space to be assumed.
On a similar note, the Danish government issues ID system doesn't work well with password managers. If the password managers fill in your username, you need to hit space to unlock the sign-in button. The password field, while it does support copy-paste, somehow manages to lock out password managers, so you need to open the password manager, copy your password and then paste (for some reason that field doesn't have the "forget to unlock sign-in" on paste feature.
FF has force paste now too
No mention of Google embracing Bitcoin even though it's not just legal tender in El Salvador, but it was the first country to recognize it as such. Seems like it would be an important element of their Digital Government program to accept payment of taxes, fees, licenses, etc in Bitcoin using Google's infrastructure.
https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~dbalmer/eportfolio/Nature%20of%20...
This is the same guy that said Russia wasn't going to invade Ukraine.
> I doubt it's a new phenomenon -- presumably in the past people bought sneakers because some celebrity wore them or recommended them.

Ancient Romans bought specific brands because gladiators advertised it, and their most parasocially attached fans bought their bottled sweat as perfume.

So it's been around for as about as long as true commercial enterprises in the "modern" sense have been around.

> But it's probably more ubiquitous?

I think it's far more obvious today, because it's so hyper focused and fractured and short lived today that these phenomena are no longer society wide, decade long "fashion trends". In the era of mass media, everyone got influenced by the same handful of celebrities and wasn't really aware of what was happening since everyone did it roughly at the same time, now you have thousands of bubbles forming around thousands of micro-celebrities, and everyone thinks what people in the other bubbles are doing is weird.
a macbook with 64g of ram
Ignore the "experts" part, it misleads a lot of people [0]. There is no explicit specialization in the most popular setups, it is achieved implicitly through training. In short: MoEs add multiple MLP sublayers and a routing mechanism after each attention sublayer and let the training procedure learn the MLP parameters and the routing parameters.

In a longer, but still rough, form...

How these transformers work is roughly:

```
x_{l+1} = mlp_l(attention_l(x_l))
```

where `x_l` is the hidden representation at layer l, `attention_l` is the attention sublayer at layer l, and `mlp_l` is the multilayer perceptron at sublayer l.

This MLP layer is very expensive because it is fully connected (i.e. every input has a weight to every output). So! MoEs instead of creating an even bigger, more expensive MLP to get more capability, they create K MLP sublayers (the "experts") and a router that decides which MLP sublayers to use. This router spits out an importance score for each MLP "expert" and then you choose the top T MLPs and do an average weighed on importance, so roughly:

```
x_{l+1} = \sum_e mlp_{l,e}(attention_l(x_l)) * importance_score_{l, e}
```

where the `importance_score_{l, e}` is the score computed by the router at layer l for "expert" e. That is, `importance_score_{l} = attention_l(x_l)`. Note that here we are adding all experts, but in reality we choose the top T, often 2, and use that.

[0] some architectures do, in fact, combine domain experts to make a greater whole, but not the currently popular flavor
> Mathematics is a priori

Sure, but the discussion here is about a software library not the math concepts
A lot of people are saying there are advantages to visual quality for CRT monitors. I don't disagree, but most what I remember from my gaming obsessed childhood are strong headaches from prolonged sessions, which disappeared after move to CRT.

I don't play games anywhere close to what I used to do, but I can't imagine working for 8-10 hours on CRT monitor and not losing health.
In my experience, these decisions are usually made by product or design people.

The one that annoys me most is whenever someone needs to enter a code with a fixed length. Like a 6 digit OTP code. They want to have a UI with 6 separate input fields: _ _ _ _ _ _ that behaves like one input and only allows the correct values and has the cursor behave correctly jumping from one box to the next as you type / backspace. Turns out, creating that UI element is kinda time consuming and adds NOTHING and at best results in the same user experience as just tossing in an HTML input element, and more often than not results in some non-standard behavior that breaks something (auto-fill, paste, arrow key, accessibility, etc, etc). Just use a standard input, throw some css on it to make it the characters big if you want.
You mean "Project Ginger" aka "IT"?

https://www.wired.com/2001/01/ginger-may-be-motorized-scoote...
> I can't say race "dominates" my daily life -- but as a matter of politics it probably ranks #2 after issues directly related to income (mostly taxes).

I'm sure it does for many, but the question is why does it rank that high? Is it because it materially affects your life, or because of other qualitative, personal reasons that don't have much material impact? You just said that material impact ranks higher than race (eg. income, taxes), so do you think race has a higher material impact on you than foreign policy, or education policy?

> And I can confidently say that almost all of the negative in-person interactions I've had in my life have almost exclusively been because of race.

I'm genuinely curious whether you think a white person in your place would not have had most of the same negative experiences, all else being equal. You said "almost all", so if we put that at 80%, do you really think white people in your same circumstances (education, socioeconomic status, etc.) have only 20% of the negative interactions you experience? Doesn't that seem a bit implausible?

Isn't it also plausible that at least some of those people were already angry at you for other reasons, and then used racial insults because they knew it would anger you in return? Also a shitty thing to do, but it's meaningfully different to say that you had a negative interaction caused by your race, as opposed to a racist insult caused by a negative interaction.

> Why do you think racial politics works so well?

Because human beings are tribal and love defining in-groups for solidarity and blaming out-groups for their problems, justified or not.

> Why do Black women align more strongly with racial causes than gender causes? Is it because gender issues aren't really important?

Yes, most gender issues these days are relatively unimportant compared to historical norms, and shared culture defines in-groups more strongly than gender.

> Do you think that if there was less identity politics that things would actually be better for minorities? Or would it mostly be better for the majority?

I think this is a false dichotomy at the core of identity politics. The most significant objective group that materially impacts literally everyone is class, and identity politics is an excellent tool for destroying class unity. Power intentionally amplifies identity politics to play on people's tribal instincts for exactly this reason.
Agreed.

On the other hand, it'd be highly amusing if the future did involve humanoid robots out mowing the grass with a push mower, or getting into their car to drive to the grocery store.

I'm reminded of this Adam Savage video of BD's Spot pulling a rickshaw (23:00).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyaocKS3sfg

Maybe in the future the passenger will be a humanoid robot being taken to its laundry folding job?
Four V100s will do. They're about $1k each on ebay.
It will be quantized in a matter of days and runnable on most laptops.
Are you near/talking about Norfolk? That's the only exception I've ever heard.
We've come a long way from the 2015 DARPA Challenge, where the robots succeeded only in falling down:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0TaYhjpOfo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Robotics_Challenge
Isn't GPU access from JavaScript supposed to be a feature, not a bug?
I hope HN doesn't go the Slashdot route.
Getting Started in Open Source with Eddie Jaoude [video]
... a rendered video, i.e. it doesn't exist.
Advancing pigment chemistry with moon-inspired reddish magentas
I don't expect it to but that doesn't mean I can't criticise its tendencies when the opportunity arises.
The dumbest medium for political discourse imaginable. We are doomed when people cannot digest more than one sentence at a time.
No, it optimizes cost, which includes pages read from disk _and_ things like CPU use. Cost is an arbitrary unit meant to correlate with time spent, not by disk loads, so it's completely reasonable to compare plans with everything loaded in RAM. (Cost is by convention scaled such that one page read from disk is 1.0, but that's a different things from “the optimizer will try to minimize the number of pages read from disk”. It could just as well have been scaled so that 1.0 was 1 ms on some arbitrary machine.)
Trying to say a car is a murderer does not make sense. ChatGPT is a symbol generator, with local high probability of resembling to a person, so it is not a person, how can it be a racist?
Ollama with WebUI https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui
Another good PGA library

https://github.com/jeremyong/Klein
The world is slowly back at full scale war, or at best a second
cold war, globalisation is over.
I'm sure the NT kernel is a marvel but I'm afraid it's too late for me now :-)
The golden ratio is found throughout nature and specifically the proportions of limbs to each other. The golden ratio is an observation that the fibbonacchi series occurs in nature and that the next step is 1.618. For a generalist robot, applying these kinds of "natural efficiencies" make sense, but constraining to the human shape is probably just to get investors to empathize enough for funding.
Food is not a luxury anymore. The past couple of decades have seen immense improvement in the food industry as a whole. It was inevitable that those improvements and savings spill over to customers. And since even rich people only have one belly each, eating well became less of a luxury and more accessible to the middle class. The inventory in normal supermarkets have improved astonishingly in the past 15 years. But nobody takes note, because it's a gradual process.

Eating in restaurants is as much a marker of wealth and a luxurious lifestyle as owning a wireless telephone – ie not at all.

But owning your own home has by monetary policy means been turned to something only achievable with huge wealth – or selling the rest of your life to the bank.
"Something to hide" specifically makes sense in the context of the phrase "if you've got nothing to hide, you've got nothing to fear".
> but the system is absolutely intended to suppress

This seems asinine. I am not psychic, I can't always deduce intentions, but sometimes I can see the lack of intent. Things evolve, they develop, and though there might be many factions hoping to steer things in directions they want it to go, the net effect of many factions doing this is our ship just swirling around randomly in the ocean.

When you talk about "intent", it's just rabblerousing. You hope to rile people up, so they'll do what you prefer they would do. It's unnecessary to talk about intent. Whether the system was intended to suppress the power of the masses, or whether the system randomly and quite accidentally developed to do that is moot if it suppresses the masses. The only thing reasonable people should be discussing is:

1. Does this system suppress the power of the masses?

2. Should that change? It's not all that clear that the masses should have power. We've seen what mobs and riots are like, and most of you are ill-informed, opinionated, and susceptible to the effects of rabble-rousing.

As for answers, I think yes, it does suppress power of the masses. I would be skeptical the intelligence of someone who suggested otherwise. And on the second, I'm uncertain... there are days where it seems like only a lunatic would want the masses to have power. But, if they don't have it, others do, and whoever they happen to be, I've not seen many outcomes I've liked.

> the cap on the number of reps in the house

Haha. Do you want that to change? I stumbled upon a weird political science hack a few years back, and I'm convinced that as few as a dozen people (nobodies, even) might change that by the time the next census rolls around. Low effort, you might have to allocate 15 minutes to go talk to a state rep/senator (plus a few hours to prepare... rehearsal, haircut, getting your nice clothes dry-cleaned). It'd bump the number up to something like 5800+ reps in Congress.

The other stuff's all dead in the water. But I know how to ruin the rep cap.
"After Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Telegram has become the main source of unfiltered - and sometimes graphic and misleading - content from both sides about the war and the politics surrounding the conflict."

Are there other platforms where both sides are represented?
> I know very little about political science and am asking a sincere question. No agenda.

Are you expecting me to explain the field of political science to you in a Hacker News comment?
I'm loving the BSD announcements these days. Getting more and more tempted to put maybe NetBSD on an older machine some evening and have a play around.
I have a fondness as NetBSD was the first Unix I ever installed (circa fall of '94)... for about 4 hours or so, then I had to restore my Amiga4000 back to AmigaOS for work on Monday :).

I set up a NetBSD VM (on my Macbook) that I had intended to use but there was just enough friction/lack of pkgsrc knowledge that I never made the leap.
The Ultimate Guide to Managing Your Ideas
Sorry I can't give details about my specific job.

Companies that require C programmers:

- Companies that manufacture hardware (drivers are often in C). People often think little when they think about Hardware, but it's much more than usually comes to mind. I bet you didn't think about Cars and Tractors when you thought Hardware.

- Companies that develop operating systems (like Google, which develops multiple OSes, Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo, Cisco, Synology, Apple, Samsung, etc).

- Companies that use or write low-level system libraries or software that needs to be absolutely fast (think OpenSSL (security), networking stuff, databases, gaming engines, virtualization, compilers, AI, virus scanners, etc).

- Companies that do Open Source stuff (a lot of Linux stuff is still written in C).

Good luck!
Honestly a big issue in my view is that we don't have more dynamic sinks.

Let's overbuild a mix of renewables and nuclear, then use the excess power to do things like green hydrogen.

Or maybe we will find other uses when electricity becomes too cheap to meter.
Not that simple. Tax is levied based on source and residence. Employment income is "sourced" where it's exercised (where your body is as you're clicking that mouse and changing the coloured rectangles on your screen).

This is also unqualified non-advice.
(Safe) Rust only gives you data race freedom, you can still deadlock and livelock. Don’t pretend that it’s a solved problem, because it is not even close to that.
It doesn't perform better and until recently, MoE models actually underperformed their dense counterparts. The real gain is sparsity. You have this huge x parameter model that is performing like an x parameter model but you don't have to use all those parameters at once every time so you save a lot on compute, both in training and inference.
I see many Europeans write in English but still use European number formatting - they are sort of different things.
The families need money. Kids from impoverished and broken homes make poor students that ruin the experience for the everyone in the school. Their misery is contagious. Throwing it at schools won’t solve it because teachers are doing everything they can to support kids but teachers have no control outside the school day. Increase foster care budgets and social welfare programs. If America can afford Musk naziposting on Twitter we can afford to eliminate poverty, hunger, homelessness, and untreated /under treated medical conditions.