skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Maybe they do belong together.

Here's my picture.

Let's say you want to use helium as a lifting gas. Hydrogen can be used too, the numbers don't really change. Helium has a molecular mass about 14% the molecular mass of air at the same conditions (pressure and temperature).

Imagine now you build an airship the size of the Hindenburg. About 200000 m3. Each m3 provides a lift of very nearly 1kg, so you can lift with such an airship 200 tons of stuff, but that includes the balloon itself, the cables, everything.

Now imagine the balloon has folds, like an accordion. As it goes up, you expand the balloon until it becomes some sort of very long and very fat sausage. It could even be mile-long.

Where will the balloon stop ascending. Let's say you design the internal pressure to exceed the external pressure by about 1% at sea level. The balloon stops roughly where this 0.01 atm pressure is about 7 times higher than the external pressure (because helium compressed 7 times more than air has the same mass). That happens where the atmospheric pressure is about 0.0015 its sea level value, and this happens at about 50 km height [1]. You could say you are half way to space.

Once you get to this point, you need another source of lift. This is airplane type of lift, except that you don't need wings, because the entire balloon can be tilted slightly upwards and function like a gigantic wing. In order to not suffer from the tyranny of the rocket equation, you need reaction mass. For this you have an outer shell around the balloon that works as a funnel. You scoop whatever air is at that altitude and direct it to inside of a combustion chamber, and you push it at high velocity on the other side. You accelerate slowly over many days. Maybe during the day you use solar panels to heat up the air, and during nights you use hydrogen that you have onboard, and which has a huge energy density. On second thought you might even use hydrogen as a lifting gas, so you have plenty of it at hand.

As you accelerate at some point you reach supersonic and then hypersonic speeds. We are used to thinking these speeds are very destructive to the airframe, but at extremely high altitudes, where the air density is, let's say 1/10000 the density at sea level, maybe they are not so destructive. As you pick up speed, some of the lift comes from the orbital motion. Little by little you keep going up and keep speeding up. I don't see why you can't reach 7 km/s.

[1] https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/standard-atmosphere-d_604...
The article rightly points out the industrial impact of more powerful and compact lasers but I cannot wait for those PCSELs to reach the small workshop market. Having a cheap laser able to cut metal at home / small shops would be so useful (And sneakily dangerous as lasers are).
Why do you have favorite CEOs? That seems like a weird hobby.
40%-45% of Google users use IPv6[1]. I wouldn't call that "barely adopted".

[1] https://www.google.com/intl/de/ipv6/statistics.html
This is super neat but am I the only one kind of disappointed it's not an extension of markdown like mermaid charts? Itd be neat to be able to share these on GitHub and have them render directly in projects
> If a technology is useful, you don't have to shame people into using it. At some point we will have to admit we made a big mistake.

I think you're looking at this the wrong way.

"If it ain't broke, don't fix it!" is probably the correct way. Amazon is surely aware of IPv6 but if everybody who is on IPv6 can be tunneled through IPv4 to your storefront why bother changing the site?

The new technology doesn't have to _just_ be better than the current one to cause adoption. It needs to be so much better that its worth adopting. Although judging from the fact that tiktok is on the list; it seems like new-er websites do not consider IPv6 to be better than IPv4.
How could anything be "partial zero"? lol
Enjoyed that very much, as I do all small blog pieces written with
heart. Good to read your contrast of Big Chill with Roderick's
take. (He's a serious joker, for me a kinda Bill Hicks who took the
job title philosopher instead of stand-up comedian)

> they are only honest with themselves about this in the private setting

I'm sure you're aware of the phase "social cooling" [0] TBH I am
astonished by the extreme difference between the thoughts I hear
expressed in real life, and those "safe" ones people put online
now. Things have completely flipped. 20 years ago we put our edgy
personas online and kept IRL reserved and acceptable. Other than on
4chan etc, which are performance dramas, people have it the other way
about now. So you're right; there is a "big chill" in blogging, but a
counter out there in the streets and bars.

> I feel a chill coming over my desire to write and publish freely on
the internet

Seriously, don't let the bastards get you down :) Don't get me wrong I
love code (python too :) and I love writing about my own corner of
comp.sci (DSP), but in 50 years if anyone's still here to read, which
are the essays they will still care about? That thought only gives me
more courage, in a way what I'm writing [1] is for "the survivors",
not the audience out there now.

[0] https://www.socialcooling.com/

[1] https://cybershow.uk
> That these folks hit the jackpot is great for them but quite senseless from the perspective of "you get rewarded for your efforts" perspective.

How is that senseless? Their efforts, in whatever way, contributed to the massive increase in the sale of the GPUs, right? And they were awarded for it.

If it wasn't Nvidia, but a start-up that was grinding for 10 years before they did well (eg Figma) would you feel the same way? Dig into that.
Oh, awesome! Thanks!

Unfortunately, I'm not seeing much value-add over Clerk or Auth0. Looks like Stych is going to lock me in to a vendor just as much as the other two, so I'd have to compare them based on those merits alone.

So far, Clerk has a more permissive free tier for B2C users.

Also, it's a pretty big red flag - for me, personally - when a site promises that I can export my data, but requires me to request it via email rather than having a straightforward automated process that will provide me an export in an exact, known format. Put simply: if you haven't figured out how to automate data export (even with many complex options), then I don't have much faith in you to do other stuff with the care I would expect.
Show HN: Python.cards – Learn Python with spaced repetition
Hi HN! During the last year, I've been building python.cards: a site to learn Python using spaced repetition.

My goal is to make the most of spaced repetition by making it extremely simple to use and by providing high quality flash cards.

The site has been live for a month, with a few daily users who had joined the waitlist.
The feedback has been quite positive, with most of the users using the site every day.

Currently, we have a free deck (A Tour of the Stdlib) and a paid one (Pathlib in depth, for $9.99).
I have other decks in the works, covering topics such as f-strings, collections, nomenclature, built-ins, exceptions and more.
Your feedback is very welcome for me to prioritize which decks to build first.

In my way to launch, I've open sourced simple-spaced-repetition, a Python module that implements the classic Anki algorithm (https://github.com/vlopezferrando/simple-spaced-repetition/),
and I released some videos live-coding the site and building the decks (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyWUj9r0soytotuuh2JnPrw).
> Did the NYT not do the most basic research on Elon, which would have shown his consistent history of this kind of behavior they are now criticizing him for.

Twitter wasn't as big back then as it is now. Earlier all his thoughts were kept mostly to himself and social media wasn't as big. Twitter amplifies his inner thoughts. People don't seem to like it.
You a climate change denier too, by any chance? The rhetoric is the same. Using the word "alarmist" to dismiss valid concerns, conveniently ignoring all the negative consequences that already have occurred and sprouting nonsense like "nothing has happened."

What's happened is that everybody has been forced behind NAT, completely obliterating pretty much the whole point of Internet to begin with, and that addresses that could be essentially free are super expensive. But la la la nothing has happeeeeeeeened!
I've learned more about the Unicode - Unicode grapheme clusters are fascinating.

So, the Hindi bug has been fixed - when you have a chance - please give the 1.4.0 release a spin.
This - the study sheet shows that only 11-15% of company owned hybrids are ever charged and driving on electricity.

It's better for private owned ones... but it's still only 45-49%!!
by talking to politician from Urban areas. (This is just my real life experience). I live in an urban area, also talk to people from car friendly places and they complain about lack of parking areas which is no surprise in a city (and stupid to build more)
Politicians from Urban areas otherwise hate cars and want to forbid everywhere including rural areas. I just wonder why people cant understand that different places need different stuff.
As a car owner, I wish to see governments to invest in public transport. Cars mean freedom, and I love mine, but we shouldn't really use them for regular routes, like for commuting to work.
Alpine for instance, but by taking care of not installing non-free stuff. I already run a libre kernel, so most of the stuff I installed it's fine, such as mosh and dependencies.
If you emit more to build them yes.
So what is your solution?

The ruling regime in Russia has already neutralized all opposition politicians, stifled free speech, streams endless propaganda to its population, and continues to send thousands of men to die in another country, in a war that it started.

How should the world react to that?

More to the point, how should Russians react?
> It's absolutely possible to own an EV without a garage

If you value your time less than the savings (if there are any savings) on electricity vs gasoline.
The dev in question has a heart of gold, imo the border agent was just an asshole. He asked him a leading question, lord knows why. Obviously our lawyers at the time hold some responsibility for not warning us to be wary of that kind of thing but still.

Do you mind if I ask though, do you feel it's acceptable that one's level of kindness is all it takes to change whether a State bans someone from the country for 10 years, or, allows them in after grilling them a bit?
Here's a link to the PDF summary of the study if anyone wants to avoid popup spam on autonews: https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/cce/...
I think much more of "The Homer", the car that was designed solely to Homer Simpson's specification...

https://simpsons.fandom.com/wiki/The_Homer
Ahh, I see, thank you, so this is by design. Yeah, this much tension on your front teeth really can't be good :(
Based on the screen recording demo it looks unexpectedly slow. What's the bottleneck?
The cars are so expensive, that fuel costs are insignificant to the people who buy them.
They don't have lots of money, that's for sure. But "saving" money by doing slashing costs on things which will literally cost you much more money in the short to mid term (like the whole dengue epidemic, for which prevention was cut, resulting in many more cases resulting in lots of healthcare costs and lost productivity) is not a way to govern a country.

Using a different form of mismanagement to "fix" a mismanaged country doesn't really help.
Worse is how susceptible otherwise intelligent people are to propaganda. Depressing.
NAT has state that needs to be tracked for packages to be routed correctly. The state memory is limited, so at some point it will be dropped and you will get the famous "connection reset by peer" which has been plagueing the internet for the last decades.

Do the same with IPv6, omit the NAT, and you do not need to keep that state in sync. P2P applications stop being a routing/port forwarding problem and are only a matter of firewall settings. Cut away all that SIP and IPsec debugging.
Honestly I'm kinda surprised there aren't handheld laser engraving devices made for quick and permanent graffiti.
Tesla lays off more than 10% of its workforce
Since 2011 at least: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBgMeunuviE
With that context, it feels like layoff at Tesla aren't all that difficult decisions, despite what Elon Mush said about the layoffs.
Is there something with it, or does it just have growing pains?

IPv4's address space is fundamentally too small, so there has to be some kind of alternative or replacement.
> I think people would be better off if they all spoke the same language.

This has some problems related to the resulting intellectual monoculture.
The Czech government mandates IPv4 to be turned off by 6/6/2032 for the official institutions and it will probably involve state companies too. https://konecipv4.cz/en/

IPv4 hurts innovation by basically charging for numbers more than an administrative fee hindering newcomers to enter the market. Everybody suffers a little because of the networking effect. However, IPv4 seems to be a pain for the big companies too. Some, like e.g. Facebook are really pushing it.

With the supposedly "top tier talent" why does e.g. Azure have such a bad IPv6 implementation? Why is Cloudflare or big parts of GitHub IPv4-only? Isn't that meant for developers? What about e.g. Twitter?

The biggest problem is not the infrastructure. All the important programs like DNS servers, operating systems and hardware do support IPv6 more or less for the last 10-15 years well enough. The problem is developers that are stuck in IPv4 mentally, doing GUI windows, that only accept IPv4, only testing on IPv4, specifying database columns to hold only IPv4 etc.
> It's not a strictly zero-fluid solid-state chemistry, instead utilizing a semi-solid layout that includes solid material suspended in a liquid electrolyte.
What do you use for writing markdown? Any recommendations?

I use org mode very lightly, mostly just collapsing information I don’t want care about as I’m writing and making formatted tables. I’ve thought about exploring markdown and other editors but I haven’t really seen evidence it would be much of a gain.
>say a ubuntu desktop, a macbook air and a windows [...] -- but they all can read exFAT at decent performance.

Fyi, it's somewhat common knowledge in tech circles that exFAT is an unreliable way of permanently sharing data between different operating systems: https://www.google.com/search?q=exfat+corruption+macos+windo...

exFAT is ok to use as a secondary file system for transferring/copying data between systems (aka "sneakernet") but not as a critical primary disk drive.

EDIT reply to : >the more reliable file system to use if different operating systems need to use it is UDF

UDF like exFAT does not have journaling feature in HFS+ and NTFS. Without journaling as a self-check feature, it makes the filesystem very fragile and prone to corruption. Similar to this explanation:

https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/7609/what-are-the-...

For permanent data sharing between macOS/Windows/Linux, the more reliable setup than exFAT is network shares such as SMB/NFS mounts on a NAS with ZFS/btrfs filesystems. Unfortunately, that costs more money because of the extra hardware.

EDIT reply to: >If you just want to share files between 2-3 computers, by far the fastest and cheapest will be to wire the computers together over Thunderbolt.

When I researched the idea of daisy-chaining Thunderbolt with mac + Linux + Windows, I ran into stories saying it was not reliable. Example:

https://macperformanceguide.com/blog/2023/20230213_1022-Thun...

I could see where Thunderbolt daisy-chaining macos+Windows might work 100% perfectly for some but others have flaky issues because of various interactions of Thunderbolt chipsets, TB dock/hub quality, drivers, etc.
Even at the current stage I find it bad enough. Even famous series like Friends get edited and don't match what you remember. You are looking for this or that scene and get confused - maybe it was your imagination and it's never happened? So I keep the original copies for this precise reason. (And, to be honest, the vector space of possibly politically incorrect utterances seems to increase year by year, so this phenomenon is likely to increase, too.)
Absolutely - though for me it's a personal anecdote. I remember within the first week of ChatGPT becoming generally available, I spent 2 hours crafting a response to a pull request, detailing a "security vulnerability". It didn't matter that this wasn't a vulnerability; it didn't matter that the reporter didn't know of what they were speaking.

What mattered was eliminating the time I had that morning, to do meaningful work. Responding to that (and since, several) PRs was not the desired outcome. It also kicked off internal, processes - which in turn added more time. If you think about it, it's an interesting hack at least!
Back to Phones with Plan9, Or, RFC; the Datasheets of the Internet [video]
It’s like when these AIs were released someone threw a giant rock in the pond. It’s still rippling, but it’ll eventually settle down, because there’s obviously a middle ground, which is what you’ve described. I think we will get there.
A lot of commentaries were crap but I really enjoyed some of them and, in a streaming world (whether subscription or a la carte), it really doesn't make sense to devote any resources at all to making them for the handful of people who buy DVDs or even own a DVD player.
FBI Opens Criminal Investigation into Baltimore Bridge Collapse
This is the same Germany who recently “halved” their plastic waste numbers by attaching milk bottle caps to the actual bottles so they’re counted as a single piece of waste instead of two…

None of it is about the environment.
I have a magic enter plugin that just runs 'll' when I input no command and press enter, I haven't typed ll in months!
I feel nostalgia most strongly for my grandmother’s house I used to live in and for Japan where I lived for a year. In both cases I believe the feeling is most acute because these are places I can’t return to or in the case of Japan, am afraid I won’t return. It’s like grieving a loss of a loved one
For those wondering, the submission is a library / tooling usage that generates a single binary that executes across Linux, Mac, Windows, and BSDs. The author defines that as Actually Portable (which was the confusing part to me as we all know that python runs on just about everything)
> I've forgotten almost every word. It would be quite difficult for me to relearn, at 61

Have you tried? It would probably be a lot easier than you imagine.
Wherever they can find a parking spot. Why do you think you get much of a choice in the urban jungle?
If they can already tell easily whether or not a submission is bad, what is the relevance of an AI ban? It will push out good contributors who use AI responsibly, and presumably make zero effect on people just wanting to abuse AI to get a patch into Gentoo. You still have to do the exact same work to tell whether a contribution is good or not.
Is there a reference which describes how the current architecture evolved? Perhaps from very simple core idea to the famous “all you need paper?”

Otherwise it feels like lots of machinery created out of nowhere. Lots of calculations and very little intuition.

Jeremy Howard made a comment on Twitter that he had seen various versions of this idea come up again and again - implying that this was a natural idea. I would love to see examples of where else this has come up so I can build an intuitive understanding.
Open source versus Microsoft: The new rebellion begins
Tesla customers are the "liberal coastal woke elites" Musk hates so much. What is he mirroring exactly that they would appreciate? It's the complete opposite of what you said.
I'm one of the iceoryx mantainers. Great to see some new players in this field. Competition leads to innovation and maybe we can even collaborate in some areas :)

I did not yet look at the code but you made me curious with the raw pointers. Do you found a way to make this work without serialization or mapping the shm to the same address in all processes?

I will have a closer look at the jemmaloc integration since we had something similar in mind with iceoryx2.
They had a ton of demand for them, but when the reality set in that stainless steel is a nightmare to align (sub 10-micron accuracy!!) and a nightmare to maintain, the car fell into the niche category.

How it got this far will be written about for a decade, a great example of not performing real world testing and validation.

You know somewhere deep in Tesla product people and engineers we're warning of the issues to come, but Elon had to have his Halo warthog.
There are abundant portable galvo head lasers out there. A lot of them targeting the hobby market, but also more powerful ones (that are less cheap) meant for marking or engraving parts in situ.

Everlast now has a laser welder, too.

I think it’s only a matter of time before we get cheaper cutter in the 1kw range.
Bad facts are not useful. The article compares the consumer sentiment index from the 80s with today's. That's a made up number, only relevant for short term relative comparisons. Long term absolute comparisons have little value. What's the Y axis on that?
hey hn, supabase ceo here

we just announced GA, after ~4 years of beta. for those who don't know: supabase is a postgres hosting company. we also host other open source "backend" tools that make it easy to get started with postgres (tools like PostgREST for auto-generate APIs [0])

we owe a lot to the HN community. you launched us 4 years ago [1], when we were just a few developers. since then HN has been a staple in our journey, one of the best sources of product feedback [2]

the GA badge is mostly to signify organizational readiness. we're at a stage where we can take any profile of customer. we have a support team that works 24/7, and a success team that will help customers improve their postgres usage. we released our Index Advisor [3] yesterday, and we'll be releasing a few more products this week that helps customer with performance and security.

on a personal note: i read HN most days, and love going through the ShowHN's to see what devs are building. thanks for being an awesome community and my favorite place to lurk on the internet. i'll stick around to answer any questions

[0] PostgREST: https://postgrest.org

[1] Launch: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23319901

[2] HN journey: https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...

[3] Index Advisor: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40028111
But is it also calculating the depreciation of the battery, which has a totally different lifetime than the rest of the car and causes a lot of emissions? Or is it insignificant?
Stop shilling your Ponzi schemes on Hacker News, and to the rest of the universe, scammer.
All the "prestigious" large tech companies will also have offices in half a dozen (or more) other US cities. And most of them still allow remote work especially for senior folks. The only benefit I see to being in the Bay Area is if you want your entire career to be Employee #1 of newly-VC-funded startups, not because of the VC funding necessarily but everyone who is trying to get that funding spends at least some time in SF.
What do you mean it has never been tried? That's how a lot of mobile providers and home internet providers operate today.
My provider in Germany was already using DS-Lite (native IPv6 and IPv4 is tunneled over IPv6 to CGNAT gateway) more than 8 years ago.
Mobile phones often use 464XLAT where IPv4 is translated to a region of the address space within IPv6 (the backbone is IPv6-only).

The problem is the inverse direction (IPv4 -> IPv6) since IPv4 is lacking any mechanism for forward-compatibility.