skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This idea of 'letting grief in' is a really interesting way to put it and captures something I've struggled with, and would love to learn about. Do you have any resources you could send me? (I've used a throwaway account and have a temporary email in my bio.)

Thank you.
> It was first copied by iTunes, then by Spotify, and now is considered a standard function.

You're forgetting Pandora somewhere in that timeline, probably between iTunes and Spotify.

That was my first introduction into the concept at least.
I'm not familiar with stedi, but the healthiest company I worked in ticked all these same boxes and points. These are all solid rules/guides/laws.
Define "working"?
I'm not sure I believe it, but they could reasonably make profit on economies of scale that individual organizations wouldn't get managing their own hardware - merged hardware utilization, sharing engineering efforts, standard hardware procurement, etc.
> TBF there is no good explanation why it works

I thought the general consesus was: "transformers allow neural networks to have adaptive weights".

As opposed to the previous architectures, were every edge connecting two neurons always has the same weight.

EDIT: a good video, where it's actually explained better: https://youtu.be/OFS90-FX6pg?t=750&si=A_HrX1P3TEfFvLay
> The template uses passwordless sudo

This is easy to change:

https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/vm-sudo/#replacing-passwordless...

and

https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/replacing-passwordless-root-wit...

See also: https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/passwordless-sudo-selinux-under...

Although I'm convinced that passwordless sudo helps a lot to make life easier for new Qubes users.

> For QubesOS reasoning for not needing hardened templates to make sense, I would need to have a completely separate AppVM for each application and I don't think QubesOS was meant to be used like that.

This is not necessary. You can group your apps with the same trust level in the same VM. Again, it's especially helpful to the new users. Advanced users like you, with strict threat models, can use minimal VMs to compartmentalize much more.
> Hard to believe Cameron thought this looked better than just a normal 4k transfer, yikes.

Torrent people do this too, and movies is not their dayjob, but their hobby. I guess some people prefer the machine denoised look.
What? You mean capitalist nation rather than communist right?
If learning in real life over 5-20 years shows the same result as a LLM being trained by billions of tokens, than yes it can be compared.

And there are a lot of people out there who do not a lot of reasoning.

After all optical illusions exist, our brain generalizes.

The same thing happens with words like the riddle about the doctor operating on a child were we discover that the doctor is actually a female.

And while llms only use text, we can already see how multimodal models become better, architecture gets better and hardware too.
When I used Emacs I went for nano, it’s pretty.
I liked roti canai a lot, when I was in KL, and used to have it and roti telur often, in those Malaysian neighborhood cafes.

Nostalgia ...
Why do you trap yourself into vendor lock-in to a proprietary Google service, instead of easy open source BI solutions such as Pretzel (https://pretzelai.github.io/) or Datami (https://datami.multi.coop/?locale=en)?
barebox can be compiled as EFI payload and used on Desktop systems. The main impediment is packaging it for the OS and scripting the hooks that would write e.g. bootloader spec files on kernel updates.
It's extraordinarily difficult to imagine how it feels not to understand something. Great educators can bridge that gap. I don't think it's correlated with research ability in any way. It's just a very rare skill set, to be able to empathize with people who don't understand what you do.
A breathing specialist (on a podcast, so take that with a grain of salt) said that breathing through your nose uses less overall muscles than through your mouth. This was focused on athletics training. By nose-breathing, the athletes were getting enough oxygen without heaving their chests so much, which uses more energy. The idea was that when you suck in air through your mouth, it works your chest more than is required, so you are wasting effort doing that. I tried it, nose breathing while working out, and it is incredibly difficult. Another guy on the podcast, the presenter, is an ex-rugby player and said he had to tape his mouth shut to be able to try it, and his nose was pouring with snot while jogging because he was not used to it.

I'm not saying it isn't to do with muscles, perhaps a sort of "muscle memory" due to years of breathing through your mouth, but my feeling is there's also a large psychological aspect to it. I nose breath when I remember, but it has to be a conscious effort to sort of clamp my mouth shut. Otherwise I'm :-O like that breathing. I feel like I'm going to suffocate if I nose breathe, but that's not the case of course when I actually force myself to do it.
Refute what? It's just a random doctor giving some general caveats about side effects. Anything we currently use to great effect, from aspirin to chemo, and from leg casts to band aids will have such generic caveats.

"Skin irritation" from some allergic reaction to the adhesive or fastening the mouth tap too hard? Sure.

"hampered breathing" sure, if you tie it wrongly, or have other issues.

It's more like a random physician's advice for caution than some voice of science. Also, they write:

"There's no research to support the measure"

Well, there's some:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9498537/

"Our study provided a simple and effective treatment modality using 3M mouth tape for mild OSA patients with open-mouth-breathing. The AHI and SI were reduced by nearly half after mouth-taping during sleep; the more severe the baseline AHI and SI, the greater the improvement after mouth-taping. For mild OSA mouth-breathers, mouth-taping could be an alternative treatment before CPAP therapy or surgical intervention are tried."

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25450408/

Novel porous oral patches for patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea and mouth breathing: a pilot study. Conclusion: The POP is a useful device to treat patients with mild OSA and habitual OMB.

https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202109-105...

Mouth Closing to Improve the Efficacy of Mandibular Advancement Devices in Sleep Apnea. A combination of an adhesive mouthpiece and MAD is a more effective therapy than MAD alone. These findings may help improve clinical decision making in sleep apnea.
> Reality has surprising amount of detail.

Another one that few implement, and which can have a quite noticeable effect in certain scenes, is polarization of light[1].

[1]: https://www.giangrandi.ch/optics/polarizer/polarizer.shtml
Exactly. It looks airbrushed as hell.
>the possibility of suffocating in your sleep just terrifies me

If you're to suffocate, in your sleep is the best time to do it!
A particularly well-known example in the German automotive industry is Leoni [1], they mostly make wiring harnesses for vehicles, but also for one-shot projects (e.g. spare parts for long-since discontinued models). Bit pricey from what I hear, but if you have a need just contact them.

[1] https://www.leoni-special-vehicles.com/de/produkte/
AI Strategy Guide: How to Scale AI Across Your Business
Agreed, it’s truly mind boggling. My moment: coming home from a computer show with a spectacular deal — $80 for an 80Mb drive to be installed in our Compaq 286 suitcase unit. (Imagine having 100mb!)
What are the applications you have in mind?

I'm no RF guy, but I imagine you quickly will have to care about areas where the wavelike properties of EM radiation dominates, in which case ray tracing is not the right tool for the job.
Gödel Scheduler: a unified scheduler for online and offline workloads
It is open-sourced!
>What the?! Who's sleeping with their mouth open?

People with apnea. Ever heard people snoring? Think they do it because they like the sound?

>I specifically hate going to sleep with my mouth open

Which is irrelevent, as once asleep you don't control it. And if you have sleep apnea issues, you can't just will it.
This would be the code to beat. Ideally with only 8 cores but any number of cores is also very interesting.

https://github.com/gunnarmorling/1brc/discussions/710
There is also the problem that most of the LLMs of today will somehow lose (or ignore) the middle if the context and prefer beginning and/or end.
YouTube site is unusable — maybe better in Chromium browsers? My solution is downloading the videos I want to watch or streaming them via VLC/IINA. Another idea is using an Invidious instance.
I feel you are reading it backwards. They are increasing infra costs and decreasing eng development cost - they promote using dynamodb over making your own key value store. And if that doesn't work for some reason, then use open source, maybe foundationdb or redis. And if that can't work, then build it. Building it will take longer and system stability will almost always be worse comparatively.
That's not really an explanation that tells people all that much, though.

I can explain that car engines 'just' convert gasoline into forward motion. But if a the person hearing the explanation is hoping to learn what a cam belt or a gearbox is, or why cars are more reliable now than they were in the 1970s, or what premium gas is for, or whether helicopter engines work on the same principle - they're going to need a more detailed explanation.
I don't know what your motivation in comparison is; mine is science, ie., explanation.

I'm not interested that your best friend emits the same words in the same order as an LLM; i'm more interested that he does so because he enjoys you company whereas the LLM does not.

Engineer's overstep their mission when they assume that because you can substitute one thing for another, and sell a product in doing so, that this is informative. It isnt. I'm not interested in whether you can replace the sky for a skybox and have no one notice -- who cares? What might fool an ape is everything, and what that matters for science is nothing.
Why anybody would like to store their sensitive business data on a public cloud such as Google Sheets?
Remember you can replace solar panels with RTGs if you need consistent power further from the Sun.
We give lithium to folks with depression.

Modern day medicine is at times the same as folk remedy.
I don't understand why knowledge graph would be an alternative to RAG? Knowledge graphs can (and are already) used as part of a RAG pipeline.
Quicker to Mars also means less shielding for the same radiation exposure and, therefore, more payload.
Seems like he actively fought against equal rights and a level playing field. That position should be morally repugnant in a modern society. I’d say doing nothing (I.e. too little) was actually too much.
Someone should sent this news to Argentinian government so they do something about the problem they're having right now instead of looking the other way. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/apr/12/i...
Show HN: Create sharable AI chats for your documentation site in seconds
If you have developer documentation and want to boost your community with AI this is for you! Just pull in the base url of the site add some customization and get a sharable link for your chat, link it anywhere you want.
I saw this trend in some places like gcp with Gemini, or Langchain or Supabase ask ai, but they're all custom-implemented solutions, not everyone wants to advocate developer resources to create the rag, deploy it and maintain it, you just want devs to build with your stuff, the more they can do the better, the quicker the better, and if they get a smooth experience while doing it that's legendary already.

Just some clicks!! With one base URL you are halfway through. Check it out at https://explainit.mzslabs.com
That image on the top of the article doesn’t inspire much trust.
I'm not that astounded at all. Hard drive sizes have barely changed in 10 years.

Sure, flash storage keeps increasing, and 4TB on an SD card is pretty amazing, but it's not a hard drive, and SD cards aren't really that reliable, nor can they be used as long-term offline storage.

Good ol' spinning rust HDs are the only thing that make any sense for archiving data right now, unless you have enough data to make LTO tapes economical (and here you have to worry about the tapes being readable with newer generations of drives, so you still have to cycle the data to newer tapes). (Re)writable optical discs were supposed to serve this purpose, but they utterly failed at it.
No, they are not flying non-stop from Himalaya as you assume.
I did a rough calculation using [0][1]. Not including the land part, just the sea route, it is 5396 nm [0], roughly 9993 km and that is indeed halfway the globe.

By the way, from Antwerp, Belgium to Boston, MA is 3607 nm, roughly 6680 km, much shorter actually.

- [0] http://ports.com/sea-route/#/?a=4063&b=4693&c=Port%20of%20Ko...
- [1] http://ports.com/sea-route/#/?a=3042&b=682&c=Port%20of%20Ant...
>If you strip away the artificially gate kept services like iMessage, why should anyone spend a lot more on an iPhone?

I think your qualification of Apple-ecosystem-services is a big part.

There are stories of statistics that say more people switch from Android to iPhone than vice-versa[1] and the big reasons I see are ecosystem related:

+ Apple Facetime calls. If some family & friends are using Facetime, it has a gravitational pull to get you to buy an iOS device so you're not missing out on the conversations

+ Apple "Find My" to keep track of family members. When this feature first came out, the Android ecosystem didn't have an equivalent without downloading an extra app.

+ Apple Watch integration. The Android watches from Garmin/Samsung/Fitbit are not as seamlessly integrated as Apple.

The areas where iPhone is worse than Android such as voice assistants Apple Siri vs Google Assistant, or cloud photos A.I. tools, or no sideloading vs sideloading, etc -- are not deal-breakers for most mainstream Apple consumers.

[1] https://www.google.com/search?q=more+people+switch+from+andr...
I have one, and it works well. It's the default treatment here, where CPAP is reserved for the morbidly obese.

But the effect of jaw displacement is real. Every morning it takes a few hours to move the lower jaw slowly back. And I've visited a dentist in another country, who advised against it (and had apparently rarely seen it).

It's all local.
>Also, why would you want to build Unix on top of seL4?

Thank you very much for the link, and yes you are absolutely right. I should have wrote unix'i or plan9'i or better just a universal operating-system, i meant with that not just a hypervisor but a "real/full" os on top of seL4.
> Product should have nothing to do with refactors on the systems.

Which really sucks when product is the one that gets the say on what gets worked on ...
I've spent lots of time in India. It's good to learn what the mosquito that can carry Dengue looks like. They are smaller and fly much faster and more erratically than a common mosquito – way harder to swat! If they settle down, you can see white stripes on their long legs and body.

If you notice them, you can sometimes figure out why they are congregating, they need blood and standing still water to procreate.

At one place I stayed, next door there was a construction site where the workers also slept bare skinned at the site. That's the only time I caught it. Another place I stayed was also seriously infested, I couldn't sit outside. I went looking and found two barrels of rain water on the roof, full of larvae. I added a small amount of dishwasher liquid to the barrels, which worked. Mosquitos went away in a few days.
The about-us page says it started 2012.
I wrote a similar article a while ago: https://blog.platypush.tech/article/Deliver-articles-to-your...

In my case the purpose was to share saved links to my e-reader and used Markdown as an intermediate format through the mercury.js scraping API, but the possibilities are endless.
A veritable shrubbery, Ni!
It worked out for the best; we probably wouldn't have Brave otherwise.
Apple explicitly makes it so that they keep the keys to the machine in ways you cannot deal with.

Microsoft, in order to support enterprise and government clients, pushes certain policies onto hardware manufacturers. While it's not the same as pushing it for everyone, enterprises being at times stingy means you can acquire relatively cheaply hardware that is "certified" for Microsoft Windows Enterprise - where Microsoft certification requires certain owner-friendly policies (including complete removal of vendor keys from secure boot and resigning everything with your own).
> Seems like
Using types properly is always annoying. Seeing MyPy report no problems makes it worth it.

I find myself doing a lot of isinstance() and raise TypeError, but that's still a huge win, protecting everything after I've asserted the duck type is what it should be.

I also use beartype for runtime protection.

Typescript is pretty amazing though. I really like how integrated the ecosystem is.
Awesome tool! I tested it and worked really great!
The problem with Unix is the abstractions it provides, not its implementation. Basing Unix off seL4 changes nothing of what makes Unix inadequate in 2024.
What people are not always considering is that RAG has many more applications than just selecting the relevant context chunks. After all, the R in RAG is not for Vector Search, it is for "Retrieval".

With RAG tools that exist today, we can already do things like

- providing summaries

- hierarchical summarization

- generation of questions / more prompts to nudge the model

- caching

- using knowledge graphs, function calling, or database connectors for non-semantic data querying

etc.
And former Boost and C++ standard committee contributor. In particular he was one of the main authors of the classic C++0x Concept proposal (as opposed to the concept-lite that eventually made it into the standard).
It explains the LLM/NN. If you want to explain why it emits words in a certain order you need to explain how reality generated the dataset, ie., you need to explain how people communicate (and so on).

There is no mystery why an NN trained on the night sky would generate nightsky-like photos; the mystery is why those photos have those patterns... solving that is called astrophysics.

Why do people, in reasoning through physics problems, write symbols in a certain order? Well, explain physics, reasoning, mathematical notation, and so on. The ordering of the symbols gives rise to a certain utility of immitating that order -- but it isnt explained by that order. That's circular: "LLMs generate text in the order they do, because that's the order of the text they were given"
What are you talking about, it's there clear as day, cuba beats the US on life expectancy: https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/CUB/cub....
This is wrong, or at least a simplification to the point of removing any value.

> NNs are a stat fitting alg learning a conditional probability distribution, P(next_word|previous_words).

They are trained to maximise this, yes.

> Their weights are a model of this distribution.

That doesn't really follow, but let's leave that.

> Why does, 'mat' follow from 'the cat sat on the ...' because 'mat' is the most frequent word in the dataset; and the NN is a model of those frequencies.

Here's the rub. If how you describe them is all they're doing then a sequence of never-before-seen words would have no valid response. All words would be equally likely. It would mean that a single brand new word would result in absolute gibberish following it as there's nothing to go on.

Let's try:

Input: I have one kjsdhlisrnj and I add another kjsdhlisrnj, tell me how many kjsdhlisrnj I now have.

Result: You now have two kjsdhlisrnj.

I would wager a solid amount that kjsdhlisrnj never appears in the input data. If it does pick another one, it doesn't matter.

So we are learning something more general than the frequencies of sequences of tokens.

I always end up pointing to this but OthelloGPT is very interesting https://thegradient.pub/othello/

While it's trained on sequences of moves, what it does is more than just "sequence a,b,c is followed by d most often"
> "this is exactly the way the human brain works"

I'm always puzzled by such assertions. A cursory look at the technical aspects of an iterated attention - perceptron transformation clearly shows it's just a convoluted and powerful way to query the training data, a "fancy" Markov chain. The only rationality it can exhibit is that which is already embedded in the dataset. If trained on nonsensical data it would generate nonsense and if trained with a partially non-sensical dataset it will generate an average between truth and nonsense that maximizes some abstract algorithmic goal.

There is no knowledge generation going on, no rational examination of the dataset through the lens of an internal model of reality that allows the rejection of invalid premises. The intellectual food already chewed and digested in the form of the training weights, with the model just mechanically extracting the nutrients, as opposed to venturing in the outside world to hunt.

So if it works "just like the human brain", it does so in a very remote sense, just like a basic neural net works "just like the human brain", i.e individual biological neurons can be said to be somewhat similar.
if you're high enough they don't need much air in them at all
People tear down beautiful things and replace them with crap, because what's wrong with the beautiful thing is that it wasn't made by them. They want to leave their mark, like a dog pissing on a lamp post. We see it all the time in software UI, so it doesn't surprise me that it also happens in architecture.
That is actually already what is happening, tools like llama_index are trying to provide all the necessary integrations.
If it weren't attributed to the company, I would've guessed generative AI.
Ghurkas:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha

I didn’t realise there were Ghurkas in the Indian army.
The problem was that he was CEO of Mozilla - pretty sure they have had am outsized sample of LGBTQ people in their employ and other tech organizations which they interacted with.

How could he lead an organization when his personal biases was made clear by these donations which was to deny them what most people consider to be a basic human right - the right to life and happiness.
Read about Oxitec[1] a while ago and found their approach quite interesting!

[1]https://www.oxitec.com/
> I would think that any online service that has GPU access can easily fingerprint you.

Only Whonix provides a reliable protection against fingerprinting:
https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/can-websites-track-me-across-di...

> in my experience VMs also tend to report a lot of system information that makes it apparent what hypervisor and virtual devices you are using

Hiding that is almost impossible: https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/how-to-hide-the-fact-that-im-qu... (have a look at the whole topic, too).
Try calling your bank. When we have customers where suddenly the (via Stripe) credit card stops working it's usually the bank who can unblock it.
For that a model needs to recursively parse its output. That is not possible with the current architectures, we need Agent Frameworks for that.
Not strange.

You can go to the doctor to get advise on how to prepare for a sports event, you can also go to the doctor if you are sick. You can also go to the mechanic to tune the performance of your car and also to replace a broken head gasket. And while computer engineers are not repair technicians, they usually know better than the average person on how to fix a computer.

When you know about a subject, you are generally in a good position to both give advise and deal with problems, though you can specialize in one or the other.
The tongue and jaw muscles slack and relax when you fall asleep, like much of the rest of your body. For many, this causes apnea and heavy snoring.