skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Also the result is somewhat counterintuitive. We know that by low level of understanding, if we ask a student a hard question and he tried many times, the most accurate answer is often not the most popular one but a single answer.

This is a bad analogy.

Here’s what is actually happening with no “common sense but wrong” understanding of it:

- You have a set of probabilities per token.

- You randomize them.

This is not a “bad student being asked multiple times” it is a system with randomized probabilities, creating a probability distribution.

If you want to see what a probability distribution looks like (eg. An electron cloud) then sampling only once is the wrong way to do it.

You basically have two distributions; the first one is the LLM, the second one is the shape generated by adding the random factor in the temperature.

This allows you to escape the “local maxima” encoded in the LLM distribution to find highly probable solutions that are outside the sample space of the “zero temperature”.

If you want a better analogy, look up at the night sky full of stars. Draw circle in the sky; that’s the LLM distribution.

The result from a zero temperature will be the brightest point in that circle.

When you push the temperature up, you blur the sky randomly. Some points become brighter, some dimmer, but the radius of the circle increases.

If there is a very bright point outside the sample circle 10x brighter than the brightest point inside it then repeated random samples will repeatedly find it.

It makes perfect sense that an expanded probability distribution sampled repeatedly could find a “good average solution” if that solution is significantly better than the best “zero temp” solution.

This is the same reason we have 'temp' at all; by widening the solution space probability distribution, you can find better maxima. Turns out, sampling multiple times lets you have more chances to find better maxima.

This is more like "well that seems obviously like a good idea" than "somewhat counterintuitive"; it's just slow and expensive to do it.

You can also adjust the probability distribution by other existing methods, obviously, what's surprising here is not that it works, but that it seem to work so well; probably (and I note they did not try this in their paper), a multi-sample + voting on the output from other methods would also be highly effective.
While I somewhat agree with the premise, "Plop one in Virginia and you can get the English speaking world in under 100ms of latency." is just false (unless you only count the US+UK as "English speaking", ignoring the rest of the Commonwealth...).
Oh nice that you mention that. Didn't find an equivalent open-source web-based diagrammer. I found:

- ISC license, renders to SVG: https://github.com/softwaretechnik-berlin/dbml-renderer

- DBML community contributions: https://dbml.dbdiagram.io/home/#who-s-behind-dbml
re: sauntering, compare https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flâneur
Eh. Take a look at other state-sponsored attackers. We know they have 0-days for iOS, we know they've been used, but even Apple doesn't know what they are since they are so good at hiding their tracks. I don't think a state-sponsored attack would upload their payload to the git repo and tarball for all to stare at after it's been found out, which only took about a month.

NSO Group built a turing-complete VM out of a use-after-free exploit in some JBIG2 decompression code. Uploading a payload to the world wide web and calling it bad-3-corrupt_lzma2.xz is clownshoes by comparison.

My best guess as to what this is is an amateur hacker ring, possibly funded by a ransomware group.
Alternative to thereaderapp.com:

https://nitter.poast.org/bl4sty/status/1776691497506623562
There is definitely potential for something like this but the symbols seemtoo simplistic - with software they don't need to be easy to draw.
In theory they should probably be testing against the CI pipelines of Debian and Fedora / CentOS, as that's the moat their backdoor has to cross.
Eh? What I pay for with my cheap-shit cellular connectivity is to use as much data as I wish, either on the phone itself and/or for exactly 1 hotspot-connected device, at speeds of up to 5Mbps for that singular hotspot-connected device. I can stay within the operating parameters of the service I signed up for by using up to 5Mbps with hotspot (along with literally-unlimited[1] bandwidth on the phone itself) all of the time, 24/7.

I absolutely do get what I pay for, and I absolutely do what I want with it, and let me tell you: I am not paying very much. I have nothing to complain about here.

But I am not alone when I occasionally extend that to more than one device (using a router), and/or using TTL mangling to negate the 5Mbps limit. I've never witnessed anyone being banned for this (and I've paid close-enough attention to the noises people make that if banning were a common thing, I'd have seen the screaming at least one time by now).

Indeed, some people (in some areas, with some devices) don't seem to have either 5Mbps nor 1-device limits on their phone's built-in hotspot -- without any hacks at all.

And while I have used it (and hacks to improve it) rather extensively at various times and for various reasons, I don't typically use it as a primary Internet connection at home:

While my (also inexpensive) DOCSIS connectivity at home is often slower than what my phone can provide on a given day, I prefer the stability and consistent latency of DOCSIS compared to using my phone's hotspot, and I like having my home LAN always-connected regardless of whether I am at home or not, and also I enjoy having my phone's battery last for days instead of hours between charges (wifi hotspot is a huge battery suck on a phone).

In terms of visiting the States: I don't know what to tell you. I've lived here my whole life so I don't ever travel to the US, but this service is not really intended for visitors. It can probably be made to happen with the help of a friend who does live here, but I don't think anyone but you was ever trying to address any issues of visiting the US here in these threads.

Is there a particular aspect about that concept that you'd like to more-thoroughly address?

I can answer questions.

[1]: Everything has limits, and bandwidth cannot ever be infinite, so "unlimited" is with a grain of salt.
The question is interesting, the conclusion says basically nothing:

> The cost of housing comes from a variety of sources. In most cases, for both new construction and existing housing, the largest line item is the cost of constructing the home itself. For new construction this is on average 80% of the cost of a home (including hard and soft costs), while for existing construction it's still in the neighborhood of 60-70%.

> It’s only in dense urban areas that the cost of land begins to dominate the cost of new housing, driven by regulatory and zoning restrictions that limit how much housing can be built in a given area. Another way of looking at it is that in the areas that we need housing the most, zoning and regulatory factors are responsible for the lion’s share of housing costs.
Oh yeah, I mean that in the Googler in a van, everyone here knows that Google pays a lot so he IS choosing to live in a van to save 90% and he could def pay for a house to stay at.

My point is that most people here don't know the level at which jobs pay in Ibiza in summer, so I brought that up as a familiar comparison (people there work 3 months and live off that the rest of the year).
It’s what you oughtn’t to do, but you do anyway!
While I think the article does a good job breaking down the costs, the top comment does a better job highlighting the arbitrary restriction of supply as the primary source of housing costs (though, the article does get there in the end and makes effort to highlight zoning in the conclusion.)

It should be considered that, in a market where supply is limited, the economics of scaling housing development are also limited, such that the associated costs of building go up. Fewer opportunities to build means fewer materials suppliers, fewer labourers, etc. which can mean price gouging when demand is bursting.

Zoning restrictions and building code are the primary causes from which (virtually) all systemic issues originate.

They are also the easiest to fix, and can be rewritten overnight if needed. We just don't see enough outrage yet, but I believe the pitchforks are coming for city councillors across Canada and the US.
Slow Boring frequently discusses academic studies and quantitative evidence around the relationship between housing supply and affordability, if you're actually interested.

But what really requires evidence is the extraordinary claim that housing is some kind of special case market where prices don't respond to supply, despite the fact that places with high supply elasticity (Texas, Tokyo, Vienna) are more affordable than places with tightly limited supply, and despite the fact that housing prices took off in the U.S. just as strict zoning became common.

Prices increased during covid because everyone was suddenly spending much more time at home and wanted more space, a home office, etc. This is well understood.

The top 1% have more money to buy everything, not just houses. But most other goods are getting more affordable over time, not less.
For coding and maintenance, compared to SPL, Python is THE nightmare（~-~）.
Python provides so many types of set data, each has its own adaptation scenarios and operation rules, which is dizzying. And the transitions between them are particularly smooth, and if you're not careful, you'll calculate out something you don’t recognize. A a result, programming basically relies on googling, and you don't know why even you are right, and you’ll have to google again next time.
SPL has just one type of set data, which can fit in any case.
Autonomous self-recharging drone using powerlines for long-duration operations
So basically brutalism just means "distantly referential to the past?

> incorporate elements of glitch, retro, video-game saturated colors

This doesn't seem related to the ethos of "real" brutalism, nor Neo-brutalism.

> modernslick web design, these creations invoke something similar to the spirit of brutalist.

How? Because people generally find them unappealing?

Brutalism is a minimalist movement characterized by showing the raw construction and function over superfluous elements and design flourishes.

Neo-brutalism is a similarly minimalist design style that focuses more on color and layout, but caries with it the simple and clear construction, with simple shapes and typography.

Adding "glitch" and retro video game references seems directly opposed to the core intent of both movements, both the minimalist nature, and the shying away from superfluous decorations. Even the user of Emoji iconography instead of plain text is non-brutalist. Neo-brutalism the re-imaginated design movement carries the original ethos with its focus on the raw elements that make up the design (eg. typography) over decoration. The classic gumroad example is a perfect demonstration - clear, focused typography, boxes with simple, stark borders to delimit various UI elements, etc.

I feel like I can say this because I'm Gen-Z, and not some old man yelling at the clouds, but let's not use the name of random styles to reference new and unrelated styles.
King Ptolemy once famously asked Euclid if he couldn't just watch a few YouTube intros instead of working through the Elements.
Google claims to stand for small business, but (my understanding is) part of the justification of DMA is to reduce the xonpetitive advantage of mega techs.

That is, Alphabet is required to separate their various products and not use data from one to influence the other.

I am guessing this is what is making Flights more cumbersome. But i think we need a legal expert to explain exactly how the law is causing this.
I use the modernc driver as well, which is where I ran into this. AFAIU this is not a driver issue, but a SQLite one. See https://www.sqlite.org/inmemorydb.html
>That really is what a competitive insurance market should be like right?

Should be. But states like California cap insurance rates in such a way that insurers are dropping (non-renewing) policies, since they can't charge market rates.
Show HN: A Postgres extension to save you from accidental mistake(s)
Thanks for the shout-out regarding Depot, really appreciate it. We came to the same conclusion regarding Docker layer cache and thus why we created Depot in the first place. The limitations and performance surrounding GitHub Actions cache leaves a lot to be desired.
If you can't run a program by telling your computer what you want to run, and what resources you trust it with, and know that it will respect those choices, you're never going to have Cybersecurity.

This is a solved problem for other domains where you have resources you want to safely utilize a portion of.... wallets for cash, circuit breakers for electricity, etc.

We don't need legislation, or banning of "C" to chase the latest hemline of Rust.

Long ago we collectively decided that MULTICS was too complex, and we really didn't need all that security. At the time, it was reasonable, but now... not so much.

We keep reinventing it, then deciding our ersatz version of capabilities is too slow, and make it faster, easier, etc... until it's broken security wise, and repeat again, and again.
Landlords: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6izshH4ymtk
Unrelated? Japanese derived from Turk languages, sorry.

Ant the whole study doesn't take into account the speed of spoken languages, where and how the vocals or consonants are formed. Guttural consonants need much more time to be formed than labial. We had that simplification (ie speedups) with the German Second Lautverschiebung (and elsewhere), and then we can see how English bypassed Bavarian German in terms of simplicity and speed. or the esp. new greek, which consists mostly of labially formed sounds, just to be able to speak faster. Greek is missing which is highly suspect, because because every linguist should know that Greek should be the fastest spoken language. Now slow guttural sounds.
Feature creep will do this one too
In my entire life as a programmer, this is the one thing that I've found most confusing. Our old codebase used a lot of curried Ramda functions and nobody on the team could read any of it. We spent a week ripping every single instance of it out and replaced it with regular lodash and never looked back and never had an issue with it again.

After like ten or fifteen hours of trying to understand what currying is, I still have no idea, and frankly don't care. If I see it in a codebase it'd just be a big red flag to avoid that job altogether.
This is definitely a direction to try. But if its faster Docker image builds and a layer caching system that actually works, you should definitely try out Depot. We automatically persist layer cache to persistent NVMe devices and orchestrate that to be immediately available across builds.
Neo-Brutalism is an accurate way to describe GumRoad's design, but not the OP.

Neobrutalism adds color and bold design to brutalism, but maintains the simple focus on structure and function. NB features prominent and simple shapes to delimit UI elements and buttons, and bold and prominent typography.

NB is not "Retro" nor "cyberpunk", and it doesn't add in superfluous details and decorative elements. You wouldn't use Emoji in NB when a simple bit of plaintext would do.

Good for the OP for working hard to create something very fun and unique, but it is not Brutalism nor NeoBrutalism.
I'm going through the list of US presidents https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Unit... and take their first names (if there are severeal with the same first name I only take it once) in order from oldest towards today. The latest computer is called Abraham, so there still many left before I have to call one of my computers Donald.
They've also just completely refocused to AI in the last two years thanks to the microsoft/ChatGPT situation.
Hamilton Technologies Inc
Thanks for the feedback! The "1" and "n" labels are assigned first to the foreign key then to the primary key, e.g. if you pick "Many to one" the FK side will be "n" and the PK will be "1". Let me know if you find this unintuitive or if I didn't get the question right.
the actual article: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2304748120
OP here, yeah it’s definitely not specific to SQLite. However, I personally don’t find it intuitive to “create database” for short-lived CLI apps because it sounds weird to have such “heavy” dependency — but this experience made me realize SQLite isn’t “heavy” at all and should probably be considered more often!
Obviously this also needs to be a library in Zig, Rust, Go, Elixir, Haskell, Java, C#, F#, OCaml, PHP, Python, Ruby, Perl, C, C++ & Lean

So, it now lives as an Extism[0] wasm plugin you can call from those languages:
https://modsurfer.dylibso.com/module?hash=2050e7f7a129a48df0...

[0]: https://github.com/extism/extism
I've been building distros for years, and the most wasteful part of it is running zillions of auto. process that waste most of the build time of each projects looking for mostly the same things.

I always thought it was insane. Perhaps it was a good idea 30 years ago when we were actually building for dozens of 'unstable' variants of UNIX with a dozen compilers, but these days?

And yes, MOST projects can be compiled just fine with a 2 pages Makefile, more often than not with -j for parallel build, and as a bonus, won't keep around a dozen turd files.

Oh also, it is supposed to help 'portability' but MOST of my time is wasted trying to fix autotools configs when it invariably break in some new interesting and arcane ways.
If you had read-only database replicas on your edge servers then you would only be paying the latency cost to us-east-1 on writes.

I haven’t done that, though. It doesn’t seem widely available yet, or at least not for hobbyist programs like me.
You need to be on the edge, they say.
Be close to your users. Minimize latency.

How much of an issue is latency in practice?

Here is an example. My book recommendation project Gnooks, which I run on a server in Germany:

https://www.gnooks.com

Does it feel too slow for anybody?

Over the last years, I have gotten many thousands of suggestions from users on this project. Yet, as far as I can remember, nobody ever touched the topic of latency. While the largest group of users is from the USA.
I had the answer clear 15 years ago, then I had a different answer clear 10 years ago. Now after having lived and traveled all around the world, I'm more unsure than ever of why it's the case and I don't think there's a SINGLE strong reason. I can give you reasons criticizing both sides of the political aisle, and both other sides will complain, but again in the end I'm not sure how much each reason does contribute.

Few reasons that seem to influence to some degree: impossible bureaucracy, very difficult to open companies, vicious cycle of stagnant economy, lots of "underground economy" that skew the official numbers, talent goes to work for other countries with better pay, a general hopelessness attitude that has permeated the culture, corruption at all levels.
>People concerned about building more housing are right to pay attention to zoning and land use rules: over 100 million Americans live in places where most of the cost of residential property comes from the land itself. But they should not neglect the physical costs of building homes, which are overall more important.

I think the author misses the reason people focus on the post-construction demand/supply issues, rather than the cost of construction parts and labour. You can only reduce the cost of parts and labour for newbuild properties (improvements in prefabrication techniques for example, will not reduce the construction cost of a 1930's townhouse). The price increase from building a home becomes essentially irrelevant, as far as construction costs are concerned, the second it's complete.

Supply-side changes & reforms impact all houses - new builds and existing properties. Increasing supply or reducing demand lowers the price of all homes, which is why people focus attention there.
I can "visualize" motion with proprioception (e.g., imagining the motion of fingers opening and closing, but I don't actually see a hand) but also without any proprioception. Like, seeing the motion of a non-specific object bouncing around a box.

Try it!
Roiquant awarded USD $50k to winners of its 2023 preseed startup competition
In case you missed it, 2 Malaysian and 1 Filipino startups won USD $82,700 worth of cash and in-kind prizes to grow their business.

1st prize USD $30,000 winner: Jeshua Choong from carching (Malaysia; https://www.carching.co/)

2nd prize USD $13,000 winner: Raymond Rodis from Digest (Philippines; https://www.digest.ph/)

3rd prize USD $7,000 winner: Willie Ng from Global Cerah (Malaysia; https://globalcerah.com/)

If you'd like to catch the recorded sessions of our virtual conference, view the videos on our site: https://www.roiquant.com/roiquant-meets-2023/program
Ramda, lodash, no idea what currying is, ...

Software is in good hands.
> You can serve the world from a single box.

If you're comfortable with a single point of failure.

> Why do we need Docker, serverless, horizontal scalability again?

The above and I don't ever have to run security updates or patch an OS.
Exposure therapy for arachnophobia can benefit unrelated fears, study finds
It's implied from context that he means "US-English" :)
audio (22min)

The transcript doesn't seem to mention the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Accord ; I know what germany got out of that (reunification; using the stronger Mark to LBO east germany from the soviet union), but it's unclear to me why japan agreed.
besides fixing a pc tower many things are just too expensive to repair, if it's several hundred to repair and similar price ratio for a new one or buy a used one same price then people opt for that
That's why I mentioned the recent story. [0] [1] "Apple doesn't know" when the chain uses an internal backdoor in Apple hardware is a... stretch. And the chain gives the strong vibes of corporate-style development, with all its redundancy and mismatch between two parts. It's not alchemy, really.

[0] https://securelist.com/operation-triangulation-the-last-hard...

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38783112 - HN discussion
> Plop one in Virginia and you can get the English speaking world in under 100ms of latency.

Never start a fist fight with an Australian. Let alone 26 million of us at the same time.
Unfortunately, this blog post is completely untrustworthy, because the data isn’t public. The only public thing are the links in this section: "Many European users are raising concerns on message boards and in our help forums that they no longer see a useful Google Maps tab on our Search results page."

"Many Europeans" being tens of concerned users. Underwhelming.
You're discussing it.
I wonder how much traffic Google has lost in Europe due to the steady collapse of search quality due to mismanagement?

Is DMA going to hurt users of new generation AI products built by the next generation of market leaders?
The typical you'd expect from a summer party place is what blows up (food, accommodation, bars, clubs, etc), but also even in non-seasonal jobs there's a lot more shopping and people going around so they temp-hire, again at high prices.
Yet people will still claim blockchain has no usecase