skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
At least five interesting things for your weekend (#32)
Exactly. 8 character password in the 2010s as the only factor was fine. It was only my money we're talking about.

Now I have to wait for an SMS. Great...
My reading is that "in the plane" literally means in the plane, +- a couple or tens of meters, depending. The paper is concerned with effects on the earth's surface, in an aircraft or orbit the duration of exposure and lack of stuff for neutrinos to run into probably means it's less of a concern. To put a number on it, they give examples of accelerators buried at 300 meters which would create a radiation hazard at a radius of 62 kilometers where the plane exits the surface (assuming earth is spherical).

As far as the danger, the paper estimates up to a few mSv/year if you hung out in the wrong place all the time. You definitely wouldn't want to have a town in the way of that, but it's not an immediate danger on an individual level. The danger would be greater/more concentrated if there were straight segments in the accelerator, or if it was closer to the surface (smaller circle of intersection).
By "original" I mean coldtea's suggesting that counterfeiting "_a_ stamp" should not be a "serious federal felony".

You're suggesting a lot of loopholes that don't work.
How The New York Times beat me
Just to correct the record a bit, while you certainly can spend $1K+ to fine-tune a model we've found that the average user on openpipe.ai spends less than $30 per fine-tune. It actually takes quite a lot of data (likely more than the OP has produced in their interactions with the forum) to crack $100 in fine-tuning costs!

Of course this is heavily dependent on what you're using for source data. And in any case, the OP would certainly be spending far more than $30 in time trying to get their data in the right format, which may or may not be a good use of time based on how excited they are about learning the process end-to-end. :)
If there is going to be a default, it is inarguably more reasonable to pick ext4 than ext2.
Theres also a kernel option to sync PPS on a gpio from a gps clock
No. But if you have any centrifuges they will probably exhibit inconsistent behavior.
This is a lot of words but yes anything that’s not deprecated is an obvious sensible default.
Like alcohol or cannabis?
So is car exhaust. Probably an order of magnitude worse than phones.
I don't agree that you can decide for someone what a net transfer to them is.
I don't think most people would be able to afford an emotional support lawyer
It's an interesting story for those who haven't heard about that an think the NSA could only be up to evil. You may not have read it as the guard only ever lies, but that doesn't stop people from thinking that anyway.
None that I could find have included it. Not even NixOS 23.11.
A two pronged attack: One, adults encourage permissive smartphone use and also become authentically engaged in all the relevant online spaces. Two, adults just stop paying attention to kids at all in real life, no safety, liability, regulation, best practices, bureaucratic systems, nothing, unless informally as an urgent matter of certain loss of life and limb. End result is online stops being the place for kids to a brief respite from overbearing busybodies.
This a worldwide phenomenon, nothing to do with American suburbs.
Are LLMs on the trajectory of word processors or digital advertising?
I can't help but feel surpassing $250,000.00 at auction is no big deal for a city with ~88,000 residents, in this age of crowdfunding and otherwise asking for donations the old fashioned way.

So this is less a question of whether the residents can pay, but rather whether the residents value this archive at all.
For starters, the backdoor was technically really sophisticated.

For example, the malicious code circumvents a hardening technique (RELRO) in a clever way, which would otherwise have blocked it from manipulating the sshd code in the same process space at runtime. This is not something that script kiddies usually cook up in an afternoon to make a quick buck. You need experts and a lot of time to pull off feats like that.

This points to an organization with excellent funding. I’m not surprised at all that people are attributing this to some unknown nation-level group.
One thing I'm really interested in is if/how a generation "banned" from anything finds a way to circumvent and/or improve upon things.
Please recommend a better article! This was the least-bad one that I could find on the topic, after my unsuccessful search for a blog with tests based on science.
http://archive.is/BQngO
China definitely does it better than India. That's my whole point. The Indian education system and culture around business is really poor.
GitHub suspended this project
Chrysler tried it in the 50's and 60's

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Turbine_Car

The ideas and innovations back then seemed amazing
Don't spam here
I suppose the money is good but if you don’t like the company… why wallow in it and work there?

Go work somewhere you like…
The acknowledgement from Chloe Happe on the one still active pseudonymous account:

https://twitter.com/bronzeageshawty/status/17738225524583795...
Ross Anderson is a giant, but the discourse about whose passing does or doesn't merit the "black bar" is --- unintentionally, in virtually every case! --- toxic. You can mail hn@ycombinator.com with the suggestion. I share your sorrow, regardless.
I’m pretty sure most people’s objections are the cavalier attitude to safety throughout the FSD program.

> Tesla’s technology is on track to save 100,000 lives a year worldwide

Where does that number come from?
> if you get caught later, they can sue you for it if they find out

Is it illegal to have 2 jobs in your country?
So ignoring that you're the only one that suggested smaller batches would be entirely legal:

All a prosecutor needs to do is show that you made two batches. If you make a batch every 15 minutes, how do you expect not to get caught?

If they catch the middleman delivering two batches, and the middleman snitches, you're done. Or even if they have one batch, but they get offered a reward to say where they got it. Then the authorities only need to get evidence you made 1 more stamp.

And don't tell me you're going to sell to a brand new middleman every 15 minutes.
In my mind, the greatest strength of awk as a scripting language is its widespread availability. Whether you're using a modern Mac fresh out of the box, GitBash on a windows machine, or talking to a router over SSH, you can be confident that some version of awk is close at hand. The cost of this ubiquity, however, is extreme fragmentation. As is usually the case with GNU extensions, gawk provides a variety of shiny baubles which absolutely cannot be counted upon if you want to write a portable script. As a result, they're traps for the unwary to at least the same extent as they are handy tools.

There are a variety of small features which could greatly enhance the flexibility of awk, including things described in this article and more ambitious ideas like making associative arrays first-class values, but if they aren't broadly supported, I don't imagine they'd have much impact. If I need to install a specific version of awk to run a script (and I have the ability to do so), I could just as easily install one of dozens of other capable scripting languages instead.
I bought AMD for $3 and Nvidia for $90. I got lucky, you got lucky.

Building companies is much more work than a lucky trade or two.
Depends on your setup, if you are working as a self employed then nobody can check that. But only works in certain countries.
I wish employers would better encourage and reward those who put enormous effort into their job. Far too often you just get dragged along with a promise of a promotion down the road. Then its a 5% increase. Meanwhile the sub-par performers collecting the average salary are getting better compensated for their time.

This is one reason why entrepreneurship can be appealing. Not only is there potential reward for hard work, but you are the captain of the ship too. Its not for everyone, but I think its for far more people than who currently try. The world would benefit from more entrepreneurs providing real value through their efforts.
We certainly can't. And should not try, as this would make it worse.

Damage is already done, and it might worsen, but I am 100% confident that this generation will adapt, and the next ones.

Meta cognition at the collective level is very powerful, even if slow.

I have a similar opinion about conspiracy theories and the management of information and trust on the internet. The transient effects can be nasty, but it is worse to over-react.

Don't treat people like children.
That's why we have emissions standards.
At the expense of other families not a party to the monopoly.
I liked the username, password and TOTP combination. I could choose my own password manager, and TOTP generator app, based on my preferences.

I have a feeling this won't hold true forever. Microsoft has their own authenticator now, Steam has another one, Google has their "was this you?" built into the OS.

Monetization comes next? "View this ad before you login! Pay 50c to stay logged in for longer?"
Annoyingly you still have to show ID at Climate Pledge Arena
usually every contract for a job will have some clause like working hours etc. You would be breaking that clause.
A lot of what you need is already written, you just need to find the right libraries and write the bindings. From my encounters with Python ML it seems like "just use Pytorch" is a bit like "simply walk into Mordor".
I have kids. This is absolutely an overblown moral panic. I'm sure screen usage is a problem in extreme cases, just like TV watching was back when it was the moral panic du jour. For most kids, it's just not gonna have a huge effect, and at any rate I'm not convinced it'll be a net negative.

Just like with so many other iterations of "X is ruining kids these days", if X fills a void it's probably better to focus on the void instead of X.
A suitable replacement could be made from an iron coat hanger of the proper gauge.

Cut the hanger, square off the cut end with a file, maybe taper it a little, and lightly tap it into the Torx screw teeth.

The coat hanger was a much softer metal than the screw, so the Torx teeth would bite into the hanger wire, producing a wrench which was good enough for a few uses at least -- more if you were careful on replacement and future removal.
Just say BofA.
Yes but don’t start thinking they’re immune to compromise
I haven't read Castaneda since I was in high school. I wonder how different I would feel about those books if I read them now. What would you say the deep flaws of that series were?
Sad to see the other comments are so contemptuous. When you see one of his pieces in person, you will gain an immediate appreciation for what he was trying to do. Essentially Richard Serra’s iron sculptures were playing with the architecture of the spaces they were placed in. Turning an open plaza into a twisty maze and so forth. As far as art is concerned, one of my favorite people, and I’m glad he did what he did.
Oh please with the karma-farming.

Suburbs, for better or for worse, have been around for a long time. They cannot explain the massive decline in Generation Z's mental health compared to its predecessors.

PS, next time try to link to housing costs -- that one gets better karma yield. Bonus points if you can somehow denigrate cryptocurrencies while you're at it.
Depending on what you learned first, dots and parentheses are a lot simpler to understand than math expressions.
In the same sense that the epicenter has "nothing to do" with an earthquake yeah.
Suburbs have been a thing decades longer than smartphones. With the exception of helicopter parenting, nothing's changed with options available for kids to play outside.

Smartphones altered the meaning of "interesting things to do" to exclude everything that doesn't give a constant dopamine hit every couple seconds. Maybe people should detox and learn to live life without constantly needing something interesting.
As far as I know literally all you have to do is mount with -t ext4 (which presumably will just happen by default for ext2 superblocks after this.) As far as I know, it will definitely not automatically enable ext2/ext3-incompatible features, you have to do this manually (though doing so is relatively easy.)
This was a fairly prominent moment in his raise to the “mainstream”:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilted_Arc
What if we colonize Mars in 40 years? A: The author would still find something to complain about. Skip this one.
How so? In Europe there seems to be plenty of stuff fot kids to spend unstructured time.
Yes please. The amount of people flying blind for minutes on end is insane.
They just signed each other's keys around that time, and one needs to redistribute the public keys for that; nothing suspicious about it I think. The key fingerprint 22D465F2B4C173803B20C6DE59FCF207FEA7F445 remained the same.

before:

pub rsa4096/0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [SC] [expires: 2027-12-27]
22D465F2B4C173803B20C6DE59FCF207FEA7F445
uid Jia Tan <jiat0218@gmail.com>
sig 0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [selfsig]
sub rsa4096/0x63CCE556C94DDA4F 2022-12-28 [E] [expires: 2027-12-27]
sig 0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [keybind]

after:

pub rsa4096/0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [SC] [expires: 2027-12-27]
22D465F2B4C173803B20C6DE59FCF207FEA7F445
uid Jia Tan <jiat0218@gmail.com>
sig 0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [selfsig]
sig 0x38EE757D69184620 2024-01-12 Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
sub rsa4096/0x63CCE556C94DDA4F 2022-12-28 [E] [expires: 2027-12-27]
sig 0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2022-12-28 [keybind]

Lasse's key for reference:

pub rsa4096/0x38EE757D69184620 2010-10-24 [SC] [expires: 2025-02-07]
3690C240CE51B4670D30AD1C38EE757D69184620
uid Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
sig 0x38EE757D69184620 2024-01-08 [selfsig]
sig 0x59FCF207FEA7F445 2024-01-12 Jia Tan <jiat0218@gmail.com>
sub rsa4096/0x5923A9D358ADF744 2010-10-24 [E] [expires: 2025-02-07]
sig 0x38EE757D69184620 2024-01-08 [keybind]
the meaning is explained in the next sentence
We will look back at kids using smartphones the same way we look at kids smoking and wonder why we were so careless.
Just reporting what I've noticed from my own cats. There's an entire aspect of their personality that doesn't come out when they are restricted to indoors. I don't think it's possible to fully replicate what cats get from being outdoors, but a lot of people convince themselves it is.

Of course going outside is dangerous for cats. It's dangerous for people too but we still do it.
Is that version truly vetted? "Jia Tan" has been the official maintainer since 5.4.3, could have pushed code under any other pseudonym, and controls the signing keys. I would have felt better about reverting farther back, xz hasn't had any breaking changes for a long time.
It's an interesting story, but I still don't know what you wanted as an answer to "What about".
That's not an impossible claim, UE5 Nanite does it.
Definitely this.

I’ve been a package maintainer for a decade. I make it a habit to spot check the source code of every update of every upstream package, hoping that if many others do the same, it might make a difference.

But this backdoor? I wouldn’t have been able to spot it to save my life.
Neutrino cross sections increase with energy, so these are much more dangerous than from a supernova. Note that when they do interact, much or all of the energy of the neutrino manifests in a form that can then interact further, so the more energetic neutrino also creates more secondary radiation when it does interact.
Looks like GitHub has suspended access to the repository, which while it protects against people accidentally compiling and using the code, but certainly complicates forensic analysis for anyone who doesn't have a clone or access to history (which is what I think a lot of people will be doing now to understand their exposure).
Just running Debian is a wonderful start.

Some of the reviews have said there's a ton lacking about disk management. Only being able to have symmetrically sized disks. Understandable but also needing to grow.

I love Ugreen as a company. I bought a early 35w usb-pd charger in 2019 for absurdly affordable $11 expecting it would probably fail, but it still is in use & fine. There's a ton of audio cables & doodads from them that have all been fine. Their entrance to bigger class products while picking solid tech bases (Debian) is exciting, especially for a market that's become fairly staid.
SSPL is Bad for Users. As simple as that.

Thouse who belive they are fine with SSPL are not looking at bigger picture. SSPL promotes mononopoly and reduces community engagement both of these over time impact every user
Ah I was trying to convey WHY it’s cheap A BECAUSE the videos are reused for other students
FYI github already supports using passkeys as a combined login/2FA source. I haven't used my 2FA codes for a while now.
For bad-3-corrupt_lzma2.xz, the claim was that "the original files were generated with random local to my machine. To better reproduce these files in the future, a constant seed was used to recreate these files." with no indication of what the seed was.

I got curious and decided to run 'ent' https://www.fourmilab.ch/random/ to see how likely the data in the bad stream was to be random. I used some python to split the data into 3 streams, since it's supposed to be the middle one that's "bad":

I used this regex to split in python, and wrote to "tmp":

re.split(b'\xfd7zXZ', x)

I manually used dd and truncate to strip out the remaining header and footer according to the specification, which left 48 bytes:

$ ent tmp2 # bad file payload
Entropy = 4.157806 bits per byte.

Optimum compression would reduce the size
of this 48 byte file by 48 percent.

Chi square distribution for 48 samples is 1114.67, and randomly
would exceed this value less than 0.01 percent of the times.

Arithmetic mean value of data bytes is 51.4167 (127.5 = random).
Monte Carlo value for Pi is 4.000000000 (error 27.32 percent).
Serial correlation coefficient is 0.258711 (totally uncorrelated = 0.0).

$ ent tmp3 # urandom
Entropy = 5.376629 bits per byte.

Optimum compression would reduce the size
of this 48 byte file by 32 percent.

Chi square distribution for 48 samples is 261.33, and randomly
would exceed this value 37.92 percent of the times.

Arithmetic mean value of data bytes is 127.8125 (127.5 = random).
Monte Carlo value for Pi is 3.500000000 (error 11.41 percent).
Serial correlation coefficient is -0.067038 (totally uncorrelated = 0.0).

The data does not look random. From https://www.fourmilab.ch/random/ for the Chi-square Test, "We interpret the percentage as the degree to which the sequence tested is suspected of being non-random. If the percentage is greater than 99% or less than 1%, the sequence is almost certainly not random. If the percentage is between 99% and 95% or between 1% and 5%, the sequence is suspect. Percentages between 90% and 95% and 5% and 10% indicate the sequence is “almost suspect”."
AKA "the Restroom Post"

The document also describes but does not quote another, AKA "the Refugee Post".

The assertion from the Happe filing is that:

On October 30, 2023, Happe had a Google Meet call with Block’s HR department. Block HR claimed to have received reports of things Happe had said on X. Block HR showed Happe screenshots of the Refugee Post and the Restroom Post.

Block might respond acknowledging that, denying that, or listing other posts.
As things continue to get increasingly dystopian, I will remember this comment.
I see your point and you're definitely right about that. If you're going to publicly scold someone in front of their peers, you better be ready because it's going to personally insult them in very deep ways, to say nothing of their social standing.

If you're scolding someone you should probably be a badass drill sergeant, literally made of muscle, many times their superior in rank and with enough balls and testosterone to unblinkingly look them in the eye while heaping abuse right at their faces without one shred of hesitation, so that the sheer audacity of it all shocks and intimidates them into total submission. And you would also do well to remember that at least one movie depicts exactly one such drill sergeant getting shot in the chest when a certain scoldee went postal over it.
This is basic economics.

The rise of income and wealth inequality is directly tied to the weakening of collective bargaining, corporate consolidation and globalization.

Source: https://home.treasury.gov/news/featured-stories/labor-unions....

Unionized workers are the only real backstop against corporate interests.
Probably something simple to start with like upvotes and flags
Really strong binary results. So strong it was fishy. I hope someone can explain my confusion below.

> We compared the performance of the Llama2-7B model in three configurations: FP16 (full precision), HQQ (without fine-tuning), and HQQ+ (with adapter layers) using a group-size of 8.

Interesting, what is "group-size of 8"?

From their HQQ post (https://mobiusml.github.io/hqq_blog/), it's the block size at which they add scales (presumably 16-bit) and shifts (in that post, it's 8-bit).

So for every 8 binary weights we have a 16-bit scale and 8-bit shift?

> Fine-tuning with Low-Rank Adapters

They say they inline the shift into the LoRA but how can you do this, block-wise, without increasing your LoRA rank by num-blocks (they claim to only use 1 additional rank)?

Then, the reported 7B sizes, in GB:

> 13.5 (fp16) 1.76 (HQQ 1-bit) 1.85 (HQQ+ 1-bit) 2.72 (quip# 2-bit)

those numbers would make sense if it was _actually_ 1 bit. But if you include the overhead of 16-bit scales (and why is the shift inlineable into lora? still unexplained) it'd be more like 3-bit.

From their HF page:

> This version offloads the meta-data to the CPU, so only the binary weights and the low-rank adapters are stored in the GPU memory.

Interesting, so we have to go back to CPU to rescale? Is this how they counted GB? This should have been clearly caveated in the table. I also am amazed they got latency lower than quip if they pingpong to CPU.
Capitalism is free markets, private property, voluntary exchange of labor, capital accumulation, etc.

What you're complaining about is greed. Greed has existed throughout human history (and probably before). Greed is found wherever there are people (and probably animals), including in non-capitalist arrangements.
In Europe, smartphones are a problem for kids too.
I was going to point to openBCI as another option, but the definitely are not a low-cost option. I don't remember spending this much on the Cyton board a few years ago.

https://shop.openbci.com/collections/frontpage
I struggle to understand how someone with enough tech awareness to be on HN doesn't feel appalled by palm scanners.
The drop in O2 levels is a long way from being noticeable by animals.

280 > 420 PPM for CO2 is just 209,640 ppm > 209,500 ppm PPM O2 a drop of under 0.007%.