skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Using encryption on ham bands is illegal yes. You can use it on commercial bands if you buy a license from the FCC and ISM (common 2.4ghz/5Ghz) is mostly fair game as well. The practical reality is people are probably getting away with abusing it because the FCC is not omniscient and has limited resources. For an individual to draw the ire of the FCC they need to make a nuisance of themselves. Occasionally you hear of people getting arrested for using illegal cell jammers and the like. I can't recall hearing of someone getting caught using encryption.

For something like this to really get a crackdown you would need a watershed event like RC aircraft had with cheap drones. The point where very capable hardware became extremely cheap and accessible to people who know nothing about the hobby. The RC aircraft community effectively self policed for decades because the bar for entry was high enough that anyone getting involved had to engage with the community. Drones changed that. And the FAA had to step in and regulate. I think we are getting close with cheap Chinese radios. But even Baofengs still require programming and educating yourself. Devices like the flipper zero are far more damaging. Even though they are limited in their capabilities, they make it trivial for the user to make a nuisance of themselves in ways that are hard to ignore. Its probably a matter of time until a cheap radio hits Amazon that does everything for you and permits non hobbyists to ruin everything. Imagine something as capable as a HackRF but as easy to use as an iPhone. Then we have problems.
Teams sucks on Linux, here's what to do
Rant time, with a tip.

My company use Teams because it's bundled with office 365. I use Linux. Microsoft released a beta Teams app for Linux, but I had lots of issues with it so I started using Teams in the browser.

Slightly better, but my whole browser would occasionally crash (OOM on a 16gb Ryzen laptop). Thank eff for restoring tabs. Since Firefox is my default browser I installed Chromium for Teams. Occasionally Chromium would crash. Fine. But sometimes the whole laptop would grind to a halt as Chromium sucked up a few GB of RAM and my machine would swap itself to death. The OOM killer doesn't always save you, and sometimes you need to hold a pillow over the laptop's face for 5s... (shhhhh, it'll all be over soon). First thing I did here was enable SysRq kill (disabled by default on a lot of distros) so I could force an OOM immediately to stop the machine from swapping myself to death.

But stability got worse over the last few months, and recently Istarted getting a warning the Teams classic was being discontinued. And MS have also discontinued the Linux app and pulled it from the repo.

Someone told me they're was a fix! "Just append'v2' to the URL!" But this had no effect in any browser on Linux. So is this it? Can I not use Teams on Linux any more??

A colleague said "try changing your browser agent to Chrome + Windows 10".

Lol, said I. Microsoft don't hate Linux any more! Except... it friggin' worked. Teams happily "upgraded" and now works, if I lie and tell it I'm using Windows.

Badly done Microsoft. Badly done.
There are some issues with this code: https://gist.github.com/ceving/6e65886e04563ed9e6e42cc5f8d3f...
Let me just provide a counter-point. As an early crypto advocate, and someone who has lost thousands of USD to hackers and scammers, I did not ever expect the government to bail me out. As you said, the whole point of crypto was to free ourselves from these regulations, which means high risk high reward investments, and the opportunity to create truly innovative products. High risk means sometimes you lose your money, even to illegal and unethical actions.

The real tragedy is that NFTs turned into digital trading cards and DAOs turned into pump and dump scams. The really interesting use cases will appear once the USDT Tether books are exposed and Bitcoin price plummets. Imagine NFTs attached to shipping containers tracking custody throughout a series of mutually distrusting last mile carriers. Or DAOs that allow people to organize for collective action with radically transparent finances to prevent corruption and grift.

Of course I'm sure this will not go over well here on HN, where everyone reflexively hates crypto and loves government regulation. It's a bit ironic for a forum where the majority of members are engaged in the business of "disrupting" one or another traditional industry. Of course the industry of finance is too sacrosanct to risk such disruption. Why should Uber have to pay for taxi medallions though?
>Well it's good that the world has stopped changing

I'm not sure you're paying much attention to politics, but there are massive movements that want exactly that, if not to drag us back to the past kicking and screaming.

I think the premise of we are like our parents is actually incorrect.... Our parents are like our culture would be the more correct assessment. In conservative more hierarchy based cultures you're much more likely to be like your parents, because if you are not you'll be shunned or worse.

Western culture in general has more of a "make your own path" ideology that increases the chances you'll be different from your parents.
Elders here I think means “the kind of people who care more about personal status than any actual value to the company”, so that means most C-suite asses.
Dang. He certainly called it.
The big problem for SBF I think is that he's been shown to have "no filter", or no regard for accepted norms. That could bite him even in federal prison (and he has to go to a medium security, I believe, because of the length of the sentence).

Piss off an inmate and get in an even slight altercation, lose some of your good behavior points.

12.5 years would be possible only if he scored 100% on good behavior.
https://slate.com/technology/2023/09/sam-bankman-fried-paren...

In short, the forensic accounting for FTX claims they have adequate evidence they were complicit, and they've been sued for such, so far.

But, to your point, that's rather vague.
Amazing. This is very inspiring, thanks.
> But it is also dangerous for our society to continue to call literally everything an addiction in informal contexts.

As someone who dies inside when people use "on premise" instead of "on premises", I understand your battle, my friend. Thank you for the reminder.
We Tested Kids’ Smart Toys for Privacy. Here’s How You Can, Too
Nuke subscribe & save from orbit.
I wouldn’t recommend panther or a SIEM for small startups.

D&R is a bit less important for startups beyond some python scripts piping in the boilerplate alerts via API that gsuite, SSO and cloudtrail generate for you. Prowler is going to buy you a lot of overhead that just enabling GuardDuty and SecHub would do for you quickly and pivot back to revenue ops.

What will get you, and secure infra providers wont do for you, and is a blind spot often with startups who focus all on infrasec (like you mapped out), is enterprise sec, which goes beyond phishing.

- are y’all all still on personal laptops? Personal emails anywhere, those laptops have any sort of EDR on them? Personal phones? What’s your SIM swap plan and setup?

- is a pw manager in place? A corporate account vs individual accs? Are you storing secrets on BYOD, any hanging out in envvars or apple notes?

- phishing: I here you, but devs are often the biggest phishing failure stats. And MFA measures in half of it. The other half is you click, doesn’t push you to a login page, just drops something on your endpoint, and no EDR there to tell you it happened.

- is there someone there telling you not to get social engineered by an annoying hackernews account into listing out large chunks in detail of your security stack, which is very closehold data?

Also - going back through six months of comments to find something about Panther is odd
What safety does society get with him in prison that it wouldn't get with him outside prison and restricted from any "financial" type job?

I don't really see the harm in him working at McDonalds, for example, except maybe he'd embezzle from the till, so put him on fries.
Ah, so this is for organizations controlling the server side (and who were configuring non-ephemeral key exchange methods so far)?
That’s an old tweet from 2 weeks ago.
It indeed is. An attention mechanism's key and value matrices grow linearly with context length. With PagedAttention[1], we could imagine an external service providing context. The hard part is the how, of course. We can't load our entire database in every conversation, and I suspect there are also challenges around training (perhaps addressed via LandmarkAttention[2]) and building a service efficiently retrieve additional key-value matrices.

The external service vector database may require tight timings necessary to avoid stalling LLMs. To manage 20-50 tokens/sec, answers must arrive within 50-20ms.

And we cannot do this in real-time, pausing the transformer when a layer produces a query vector stalls the batch, so we need a way to predict queries (or embeddings) several tokens ahead of where they'd be useful and inject the context in when it's needed, and to know when to page it out.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.06180

[2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.16300
> All of these hypersonics companies are targeting mach 5 for a reason, which is that the material science hasnt caught up yet.

My understanding is that mach ~5 is when ramjets hit their limit and you have to transition to scramjets if you want to go faster.
I agree, the average citizen would have expectation that the government would enforce these laws. However, I do think OP can be more clear that when they say "people" here, they don't mean your average citizen, but proponents of crypto who would agree that 99% of the "point" of crypto and a Bahamas-based exchange was to avoid all the laws.
I really appreciate how you mapped out those four concepts and the language you used for them, I feel a lot more clear on it. Thank you.
Quantization in this context is the precision of each value in the vector or matrix/tensor.

If the model in question has a token embedding length of 1024, even if it was a 1 bit quantization, each token has 2^1024 possible values.

If the context length is 32,000 tokens, there are 32,000^2^1024 possible inputs.
> you should be just fine with this result.

Some people are. Some people who have been victimized do forgive and ask for leniency.

There is an emotional and personal aspect to that, but typically we don't set laws that way.

I'd also argue that "it's all good" is not a fair measure for when we consider justice to be served. Practically, when there's nothing left to gain, the scale tips from justice to pure retribution.
> Without trying to make anyone ...

Thanks for engaging, and have no fear of that :^)

> I legitimately believe religion as a concept is obsolete

I think this is correct, from your world viewpoint. But the key to our difference is in two viewpoints:

A ship is sinking. Do you dispise the weakness, and strengthen the ship? Or do you say the sinking is inevitable, we must abandon ship?

The first group must dispise the second for giving up. The second is Christian -- this world will end, we cannot hope in our own strength, we must hope in Christ

The first group is Nietzschien. We must throw out the weak and become masters

These two viewpoints are deeply opposed

I have two notes here: One is, I think Nietzschien thought leads to a society you don't want to live in. The second is that science says the universe is a sinking ship: we began in nothing, we end in meaningless heat death. Nietzsche hoped to escape this by becoming the overman, a strong enough master to create his own meaning

A third note, against Christianity, is that the second group must become slaves to Christ, and this is a hard route to take. I believe this is the reason most people choose to join that first group

But anyway, I appreciate your time. For me this has been my second most positive and enlightening conversation on HN, so even if you step away, know that I appreciate you and your forthrightness
Jamming signals is way easier in that regard, but I don’t know how effective it is in practice.
"commit a violent crime with a silencer on your pistol" is an odd way of saying murdering someone.

There is quite a difference between murdering someone, and stealing a bunch of peoples money to the justice system. I am not saying that makes sense, but it's really hard to judge a crime when the year count starts getting into 10+ years. Would you be happy if it is 5x lifetime? Or some other silly number that means nothing?
Murder is still murder even if it’s a dispute between two criminals. I suppose the same is true of fraud. Law enforcement is always a socialized cost.

Though, there are fines. Apparently, FTX might owe $9 billion in fines and penalties and $10 billion other government litigation [1]? The creditors might not get much at all.

I don’t know what the users of a cryptocurrency exchange expect. I think there’s always some chance of a “rug-pull?”

[1] https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/US-v-...
This makes sense, observation requires a durable identity, which structs don’t have.

Two struct might be the same, but when I observe for changes in one, but not another, a distinction arises which is best captured by object-based identity
Lewis also soft-sells the polyamorous relationships and complications that caused around SBF's relationship with Caroline Ellison. Caroline wants to go public, and why that would be a much bigger deal in the polyamorous world they were living in.

It's similar in many of Lewis's other analysis of SBF's relationships. Lewis avoids context that makes SBF look much worse.
This feels like it turns into an ESB?

We went from ESB's because the were opaque. And this seems like it's very opaque.

All that work that you put into queues... its ugly but it's transparent. You can rationalize it, you're not abstracting things away into magic.
The scale of SBF's fraud was so enormous that the money could have been used to save hundreds of lives that have now perished. So if we use a little bit of EA napkin math, we can conclude SBF's crimes were on par to hundreds of murders.
How do you know the spammers and job seekers are separate groups?
> $20 of theft? 5 years away

Who in this day and age is going to jail for half a decade because they snuck a 20 dollar bill out of the cash register when no one was looking?

There are almost always violent actions involved that are conveniently glossed over whenever someone bemoans “life in prison for stealing a loaf of bread!”
NotepadNext – a cross-platform reimplementation of Notepad++
SBF was not indifferent to going to jail...

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/05/technology/sam-bankman-fr...

https://nypost.com/2023/08/24/why-sam-bankman-fried-likely-w...
This seems similar to replicating substructural type systems like linear or affine types via interfaces.

I can't remember who gave this talk, but a prime example is a `File` type. A `File` type shouldn't have a Read() method until the file itself has opened. And calling `Close()` on the File should prevent further reads. Substructural typing - and this pattern - allows you to refine types based off of the type's instance state.

There's a ton possible here but I haven't really kept up to date with type systems in the last 5 years. Stuff like this has probably advanced a ton!
>> Or does the training truly _NEED_ every book every written + the entire internet + all knowledge ever known by mankind to have an effective outcome?

I have the same question.

Peter Norvig’s GOFAI Shakespeare generator example[1] (which is not an LLM) gets impressive results with little input data to go on. Does the leap to LLM preclude that kind of small input approach?

[1] link should be here because I assumed as I wrote the above that I would just turn it up with a quick google. Alas t’was not to be. Take my word for it, somewhere on t’internet is an excellent write up by Peter Norvig on LLM vs GOFAI (good old fashioned artificial intelligence)
Like others said, using dev tools in a browser, I have been able to make my life easier many times.

Also I have found many toys for babies and toddler are really loud for no reason. I usually open such toys and remove speakers or if sound is important I would add a small resistor from some other toy.

Another thing that is sort of related to tech skills is ability to research and learn new topics. I was absolutely not handy but in last few years I have learned various home improvement/maintenance such as changing toilet flush, masonry, taking care of pool, and probably many more such things. But this can be a little bit of curse too. There are many times where I took on a project after watching various YouTube videos, only to find out that it is not as straightforward. For example, masonry needs a lot of practice and that project needs to be redone.
Salt-Sized Sensors Mimic the Brain
Do you think it used to be more populist?
Not all violence is wrong or illegal, and not all screaming is violence.

Words are defined by people. By seeing violence as a spectrum you can see the spectrum of possible responses to violence. We can then distinguish the different forms of violence with other words, like "physical"
A possible match would be the Typestate aka Type State pattern.

For some reason I only see Rustaceans talking about it, though it's perfectly applicable in any language with static typing.
Lists by random people on IMDB are not an accurate representation of anything more that that their personal opinion.

But if that's the game you want to play, here are rankings by Rotten Tomatoes[0] that say otherwise.

[0]https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/star-trek-tv-by-t...
I found one of the most interesting aspects of memory to be its non-locality. There were a lot of experiments in the 20th century (lesions etc.) showing that memory is fundamentally non-local. You could remove large parts of brains and the memories were still there. This is difficult to explain with "local" / neural-network-like theories of memory. If you lesion specific parts of GPT4, the "memory trace" will be gone.

I find this incredibly interesting. Is this still the primary view?

The hippocampus is involved in formation of new memories. Without it this process is not working at all.
85 years and 3 months

with an extra 10 years for respected scholars
I was referring to an internal org with the ability to employ, e.g. DNS white/blacklisting, URL protection, hardware keys, and not sending official links requesting passwords and TOTP in the first place.

As far as customers go, good luck. I'd drop a business that treated me this way without a second thought. The method only works if administered from a position of authority.
VR headsets vulnerable to 'Inception attacks'
Oops, the technician was having some problems one day, so they plugged a wireless device on one bus and another on the other bus so even after pulling the fuse hackers still had control.

Of course, if they are connected by default, it's very likely the hacker could establish control of a device on the secure side of the bus and load up something in NVRAM on it maintaining control even after a disconnect.
So, legal theory provides three reasons for punishment:

1) revenge ("an eye for an eye") - that's not considered a factor anymore today except as an upside-limit on the punishment, ie, the punishment should not exceed the damage caused. Here, the damage caused was immense, so don't think that'll be a limiting factor.

2) specific prevention - keep that particular perpetrator off the streets, so they can't commit crimes again. There's some argument that old people commit fewer crimes, so when the perpetrator is old enough, one can let them go. Maybe one shouldn't let SBF out until he's older than Madoff was...

3) general prevention, aka deterrence - make sure that the punishment (in conjunction with the probability of being caught) is sufficient to discourage others from committing the crime. This is problematic as apparently most perpetrators seem to think that they won't be caught (which is why capital punishment doesn't necessarily reduce crime rates). I think in this case it's good that the many, many crypto "operators" see that there is some downside in scamming people.
The issue is whether there a compromised device is in the ship systems bus. Even removing internet wouldn't fix that.

Remember the sabotage of Iranian nuclear centrifuges
NASA's New Asteroid Sample Is Already Rewriting Solar System History
It seems "the victimless crime" [1] became a normal line of defense when billionaires commit financial fraud. Insanity.

[1] https://youtu.be/EDMinX6t1Zk?t=420
From the article, SBF will likely be out in 2036, at the age of 45. There’s a good chance he’ll get himself into shenanigans again, if not already from inside prison.
Two life sentences for charges that had nothing to do with the alleged murder-for-hire. Those charges were dropped. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Ulbricht#Trial
That was based on a sentence of 20 and he got 25 -- so closer to 2044, I guess.
And everything he said still applies.
> It’s also questionable whether they even ended up losing money given the rising price of crypto in the past year.

Shkreli dealt with the "making people whole/replacing money you took": it's not okay to steal or defraud people just because you later make them whole or they don't even realize that you did.

But even moreso, to your point: Please don't conflate the rising crypto price with SBF's intent. He didn't care about that. The fact that crypto rose and may have lessened the losses is entirely orthogonal to his intent, just a "fortunate" coincidence. It could equally have cratered. The people who are being recompensed are only being recompensed in part because of something entirely outside of SBF's control and intention.
The bridge closure was so fast because there were already police on the bridge for traffic control around the repair crew.

Had it happened during the day, police may not have made it to the entrances in time. Or, if during rush hour, there may not have been time for the bridge to clear even if the entrances were closed.
I very much agree with your last paragraph. I would go so far as to say that white collar crime is worse than violent crimes because it is the pernicious ability of white collar crime to perpetuate the environment that it flourishes that can lead to the social decay that you're talking about which ultimately causes violent crime.

Another aspect of white collar crime vs violent crime is that there's no real legal concept of self defense against white collar criminals while in most places there's varying degrees of force you can use in response to a violent crime being committed against you or a stranger. With white collar crime a psychopath wearing a corporation can act with impunity and ruin your livelihood in all kinds of ways and there's nothing you can do about it.
> micro-wars

That's an interesting choice of worlds, I'd just call them wars, maybe proxy wars. Some of them look like candidates for what future historians might call the early conflicts of WW3. There's also lot of noise about declaring war on China too, which honestly sounds like a bad idea, and the grievances I've seen range from fake to you're-doing-the-same-thing and what's left is not really worth fighting a war over.

From what I've seen, the loudest proponents demanding everyone have more kids are also the worst offenders in making the world a worse place to be a new kid or a new parent.
I think you're thinking of the Builder pattern. That's a bit different, because you return the same type and same object on every chained call.
It shouldn’t be, but this is a pretty honest take and message.

Visibility is different and harder remotely.
- Nancy Pelosi Hype +45%
- Krispy Kreme / Mc Donalds Hype +43%
- Reddit Hype +46%

If you missed out on those hypes, you missed out on 3 opportunities to get +45%.