skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I built a site for my dad recently. There was no delusions that it was going to become the next YouTube or anything, but it does require a lot of number-crunchy stuff, so I could justify a slightly-beefier-than-the-minimum box on Hetzner.

I had to resist every urge to do an elaborate Docker Swarm or Kubernetes setup, with replicated databases and async processing across message queues across different machines. I want to do that stuff, but realistically this site is going to get like 12 users a day at most, and doing that would have drastically increased the cost for really no perceivable benefit.

I ended up just installing NixOS, and doing everything with Flakes, on a single machine with a Postgres database. It was cheap and easy, and it probably has saved me a lot of unnecessary headaches; most websites aren't going to be the next Google.
Unicode's "Han Unification" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification aimed to create a unified character set for the characters which are (approximately) identical between Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese.

It turns out this is complex and controversial enough that the wikipedia page is pretty gigantic.
This. I work in a startup and told upper management we need to keep focusing on ML models that bring tangible benefits to our customers and then, try to integrate LLMs into their current flow instead of pivoting completely to LLMs. It seems they valued the input and now we're going for a hybrid approach.
Hey ! I click on a button to deploy. Turns out that button does the sshing but that still counts, right ?
> websites and apps get <10 rps and 50 on a busy day.

This is very different from the majority of requests. The majority of requests are going to Google/Youtube/GCP, AWS, Azure, Meta, Netflix, and Clouldflare. I'm sure I'm forgetting someone, but you get the idea.

Medium-sized companies are also past the single server point, and a lot of us will end up working at these companies. While the poster's statement is true, it's only relevant for hobby projects (unless your hobby is devops) and early-stage startups.
It's not a dead language, Im sorry the valley stole your title but that ship has sailed.
Dannon probiotic yogurt has 6-7 cultures alone.
For my personal projects (that right now seem to revolve around April 1st jokes for people in my industry) - I've found a good middle ground to be K3s on a single Hetzner VM that I scale up and down if I think more/less people are going to be looking at it (i.e. between the 5 - 10 dollar/month price range)

I set this up with Terraform and some bash scripts. Infra as code is just too convenient to pass up on for something that I might not come back to for months at a time (and then ask - how did I set that up?), and containers too mean that I can play with some shiny fun technology one time, leave it in a box, and then come back to a clean-slate for the next thing that I want to play with without having to pay for a new VM etc.
Wouldn't you also need two load balancers then? Otherwise you've still got a single point of failure. And how do you keep the failover system in sync? It's a whole can of worms to promise 100% uptime. It's super rare that a server physically breaks and suddenly goes dark with less than a day's warning, and for most applications such a once-in-5-years event is tolerable if that means the hosting costs are divided by five as well (so far I'm ~10 years in and haven't experienced such an event yet; disks in RAID have broken but not a cpu or other SPOF)
Recraft model scores higher than DALL-E 3 and Midjourney on PartiPrompts
Recraft launches 20 billion parameter model that scores higher than DALL-E 3 and Midjourney v6 on PartiPrompts benchmark
I think we have all knowledge we need to produce and store it much more cheaply.

It’s just that governments and research institutions don’t have that incentive. Look how fast reusable rockets, and fairing reuse happened once money was on the line. (To use some space examples)
It is trivial to fine tune these days. RAG is already irrelevant with large context windows.
"She's bouncing the ball" – the uncanny way octopuses play
SO I should put my static go binary in a container, so you can deploy a static go binary to deploy the container with my static go binary in it.

Do you see how many extra steps that is.
You’d be surprised.

Most people never even test number 2. If your a novel or niche product, you can afford a “lot” of downtime

For number 3, it really all depend on your load. I’ve run most early stage startups on an incredibly simple setup with a proxy placed in front of an app server.

Occasionally, our monitoring will start reporting high p99’s so we go in and bump the servers to the next tier or scale horizontally just a bit more. Eventually, that breaks down but many startups will be well into Series A or Series B point. At that point, you know your customer’s needs and can hire dedicated engineers to solve reliability and uptime.
The Competitiveness of UGC Games Platforms
The rabbit hole is deeper than you think.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea

FWIW, there are other examples of where securities laws where intent (which is difficult to prove) is needed in order to demonstrate a law has been broken. e.g. Spoofing.
> YouTube's parent company Google was ordered by federal investigators to quietly hand over all such viewer data for the period of Jan. 1 to Jan. 8, 2023, but Forbes couldn't confirm if Google had complied.

I assume they did, or Google would be bragging to Forbes about how they refused and how they care so much about their user's privacy.
Most over engineering is career driven development. You may laugh at the people who unnecessarily use loads of microservices, specialized tools and libraries, exotic cloud solutions etc. But the architects and senior developers who do this stuff now have great high paying jobs. If you choose the simple cheap solution the client might love you (realistically they wont know the difference) but you wont be able to get those high paying jobs. Ask me how I know.
Totally agree. Problem is that if you run your stuff on a single server you are at risk of being unhireable. Every interview I have been to, nobody asked about pragmatic,sp simple solutions that do the job, but they wanted to hear about microservices, k8s, Redis and other stuff. Based on the job postings, my company wouldn’t hire me because I don’t work with the stuff they are asking for. It seems a pragmatic solution for a dev to jump on these bandwagons. Right now it’s probably a good idea to push AI somehow into your systems. Doesn’t matter if it makes sense or not.
Sounds pretty good, especially when you consider that they only have one employee.
Should be “its time has come”
Neovim plugin management inspired by Cargo
Dont deploy docker in production. Podman.

You could but why all the extra overhead?
Rapid biodegradation of microplastics generated from bio-based thermoplastic
You definitely can't in the general case (for example, your 7B model is never going to be able to help much with coding, fine tuning or no).

It can make sense if you have a particularly simple use case.
Amen. This is a full e-marketplace I mixed together as a demo. It runs on a USD$10/mth VPS. No other overheads, licence fees, etc.

https://donate.pcblues.com/

You don't have to worry about spiking because it's a "turn-based" business transaction site. So if you need two hours to shift to a larger server as the number of buyers and sellers increases, you have it.
No lies. A shocking amount of architecture work is resume-driven development masquerading as “best practices” and often ends poorly.

So many difficult to troubleshoot, needlessly complex, and less-reliable services exist for no practical reason.

Lots of people need to remember they are not Google and should focus effort on what matters instead of “scale” they’ll never reach.
For my personal stuff that doesn't get any traffic I cobbled together some scripts to manage containers / SSL here https://github.com/mnahkies/shoe-string-server

I don't think I ever got around to making it self healing if a container dies, but it does support gitops style deployments through a cronjob / conf repo similar to argocd

It's been running happily on a <$10 / month aws lightsail instance for a few years now, though tbh I'd still reach for k8s for anything serious
> Unpopular opinion: I blame the new age devops culture that made cloud app deployments unnecessarily complicated with k8s and cool new tech (that'd get them high profile jobs.)...

Ah yes, time for the annual debate on the complexities of Kubernetes versus the unparalleled genius of custom scripts that seem to work...sometimes. Because reinventing the wheel is always superior to something with a standardized API.

And let's not forget the sheer elegance of a homegrown scripts that rivals the structured approach of Kubernetes. A true testament to intuitive design.

Sure, Kubernetes might have a few minor benefits beyond 'scaling out'. But honestly, who needs the ability to manage complex applications with any semblance of ease?
how many websites out there realistically need close to 100% uptime?
Seems a lot like perplexity, how would you differentiate
> All those things you (a developer) could mostly clone, slightly customize and ship both to a development k8s cluster and to a prod k8s cluster (with all the safety nets already in place).

How did/does the devs create, test new code and debug issues? Can they do that locally on their local laptop? If so, how?
This is worse, much worse. In the past they got in trouble over simply including IE with the OS, where it was just present, and they were not even pestering you to use it.
Tech debt exists for the same political reasons than bullshit jobs.

There are few incentives to simplify, and the bigger your budget the more internal political power you have. It's especially true at larger companies where it's ok to be inefficient thanks to your monopoly.
It’s look is the perfect blend of cozy cartoon and aerial view realism. Especially when building a park in a forest, it was so peaceful to just follow around people as they wandered through your park.
https://jakubmarian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/english-t...
> How did/does the devs create, test new code and debug issues? Can they do that locally on their local laptop? If so, how?

All those questions are irrelevant to how software gets deployed. Do whatever you want on your laptop.
There's a lesson to be learned from the trend to move everything to Kubernetes / Docker / one VM per function.

Aside from the disadvantages of being reliant on others for timely updates and security fixes, people now believe that they need multiple gigabytes of memory to run what used to easily and comfortably fit on a single machine.

This move is being sold through security arguments that attempt to convince people that there's no real security in Unix OSes, that if one service gets compromised, the whole server gets compromised. Hmmm... That seems very familiar... Where have we seen that before? Oh, right! Windows!

Really, though, user-level security in Unix OSes has been refined and well understood for decades, yet now we're supposed to assume that people are too inexperienced to apply user-level best practices, and are therefore expected to just run everything in separate containers / VMs and not care about security because it's been delegated, roughly, to others?

That's both kicking the can down the road and opens up nefarious possibilities like wide distribution of backdoored / compromised images and containers. "Don't learn for yourself - trust us, instead" is what I see.

Really, though, I can, I have, and I do run more services on old Raspberry Pi and similar hardware than many people run on huge, 500 watt servers. It's both a waste of resources and a lost opportunity for people to participate more in their own systems' security, rather than delegating to the rest of the world where evil people constantly scheme to take things from us.

I'll happily keep showing people how to properly set up software to coexist on a single Unix OS, and will continue to call out the "containerize everything" movement for trying to dumb things down.
Boeing can afford it, but the carriers built around 737 locked themselves in. They don't want a new plane.
Because US vs MS (2001) was overturned and a slap-on-the-wrist settlement offered instead. Microsoft was never punished for tying MSIE to Windows.
"Immutable" → reprovisionable, anti-hysteresis
I think you're mixing up cause and effect. Low interest rates caused investors to chase higher returns in things like VC, VC had pressure to make investments, startups had easy money, so they were less scrappy and had more funding for overengineering.
Unfortunately, what you'll actually incentivize is spending as little effort as possible to get the money paid out.
There is a pretty simple way to change all of that.

Academic standards: You are not longer allowed to site a non reproduced paper in yours.

Citations matter as much as the print, put the hurdle there and all of a sudden things will change real quick.
Is it soothing even in winter, when you can get hit with 40 to 50 degree F water?
I wouldn't say complexity and reliability are correlated, worse, it's an inverse correlation.
Wow I love the look of this. Wish listed!
Judith Butler Thinks You're Overreacting
https://archive.is/EcuKE
As I use the terms, the dual numbers are a different thing from non-standard analysis. Non-standard analysis, as I understand the term, uses non-standard models of the real numbers, and its infinitesimals do not satisfy h^2 = 0. In non-standard analysis, f'(x) is the standard part of (f(x+h)-f(x))/h , for an infinitesimal h (i.e. for a non-standard real which is smaller than any non-zero standard rational number). (In order to apply this definition, f should be defined in a way which does not use anything requiring determining if a number is standard, or taking the standard part of something, etc.)

The dual numbers, on the other hand, are the ring R[h]/(h^2) . This is not a field, while non-standard models of the real numbers do form fields.

The dual numbers suffice to define differentiation of polynomials (which may not be sufficient for some purposes! [a]), and something like dual numbers is used in algebraic geometry to define the Zariski tangent spaces for points of algebraic varieties (whether in characteristic 0 or in characteristic p. In characteristic p, one certainly can't use an epsilon-delta definition!).

I really don't see your point about the "gee-whiz factor". While different things, both non-standard analysis and dual numbers can be handled rigorously, and have their use-cases, even though I certainly would at least default to thinking of differentiation in terms of the limits definition (assuming I'm thinking of any specific definition at all).

I assume that the counter-example you refer to is the (dx/dy)(dy/dz)(dz/dx) thing. That indeed doesn't seem like the kind of thing that using the dual numbers would be especially suited for. Though, also, not the sort of thing that should really come up in auto-diff I would think?

If there is a common parameterization of the values of x,y,z by some variable t (on some interval I), on some neighborhood of the point under consideration, where {(x(t),y(t)) | t in I}, {(y(t),z(t)) | t in I}, and {(z(t),x(t)) | t in I}, are each differentiable functions, and where they satisfy the relationships between the variables x,y,z from the larger context, and all three of (dx/dy), (dy/dz), (dz/dx) exist at the point in question, then it seems that the product should be 1.

[a] Though, if the function is analytic (not just smooth), unless I'm missing something, it should also give the right answer (but still not a good definition of course, because should define differentiation before defining what it is for a function to be analytic.)
(of course, just because the function is analytic doesn't make its domain include the dual numbers. One has to take a power series for it, and apply this power series to the element of the ring of dual numbers, not apply the original function to it.)
I don't know if I have decades more experience than you but I can confirm that the amazing language Haskell survives contact with the real world. Here's what I made with it: https://groq.com

(amongst other languages!)
Stealing Strategies from Cancerous T Cells May Boost Immunotherapy
> honestly, who needs the ability to manage complex applications with any semblance of ease?

The argument being made here is majority of applications are rarely complex and hence dont require managing that complexity.

A simple webservice fronted by a simple reverse proxy like Caddy running on a single "modern PC" can do wonders without any Kubernetes needing to get involved.
SpotWx is excellent, use it quite a bit for mountaineering objectives, definitely recommend people check it out for precise data
This is the best joke I've heard all week. Standardized in what way? By who or what governing body?
There are very specific reasons why real time stock market doesn't run in the cloud and there's a lot they're doing that very much aligns with best practices. Your example doesn't really say what you seem to think it does.
I’ve worked a few places that clearly stated:

* we are not mission critical for our customers. Let’s not engineer for disaster scenarios when our customers really won’t care if we have a very very rare outage.

* our customers primarily used our services during US business hours. If we needed risky maintenance, we’d just do it a bit early or a bit la tree in the day.
The game ran on my Pentium 166 with 32 MB of RAM. That was enough for me.
The guy being thrown out of the window meme after questioning the rest of the committee is actually a documentary.
One of my favorite PC games of all time.

There's an enduring player base and online community for it, as well as a really solid open source reimplementation:

https://openrct2.org/
They found that introducing exercise increases fitness/health outcomes. That doesn't solve the problem that the vast majority of people don't exercise.
The reverse of this is "severely deficient autobiographical memory", which has been in the news recently as well (and I think discussed on HN too).

I think it's interesting that I consider myself to have a good memory but it is by far best at verbal associations (e.g. facts about a specific topic, object, word, or concept). The autobiographical part feels quite weak for me: I often find it hard to remember experiences in my life "by theme" (e.g. "think of a time when you felt X", "think of a time when you did Y very well or poorly"), and I very often don't remember what year a particular thing happened, or who was present with me on a particular occasion, or what I have or haven't done before with a particular friend or family member. I certainly have many vivid memories from my life, but they don't seem to be indexed that well by date, topic, or person.

I've been lucky enough to travel frequently, but I feel like I would be unable to answer questions like "how many times have you been to country X?" or "in what year did you first/last visit country Y?". (But I would probably be able to draw a decent map of specific places I've been, on various scales, and remember specific restaurants, train stations, landmarks, foreign language vocabulary, impressions of history and culture of various countries, etc. -- just not necessarily things like "when did you go there?". For example, my nephew recently asked me my impressions of Singapore, and I wrote him a six-page letter in reply with tons of particulars about all sorts of aspects of life/culture/politics/geography of Singapore, but I was unable to remember what years my trips there took place.)

Anyway, all this reminds me that "having a good memory" is definitely not just one thing!
Hot wars between large economies obviously destroy a lot of wealth, but I’d never considered how bad a protracted cold war could get, especially lacking the asymmetry of the first one
Monolith – CLI tool for saving complete web pages as a single HTML file
I think our brains have internal rewards for balancing your body, it's always a little bit fun to try and find a path along a weird hill.
I don't consider FT to be British. It's strongly of international character.
> If you guys don't see the value of being able to click on a button on a website to deploy, perfectly, everytime over some guy sshing into the box and running git pull I dunno what to tell you.

Maybe clicking a button that sshes into the box and runs git pull?
That sounded scary, but after reading into the Retool breach (thanks for pointing it out), it doesn't sound like Google Authenticator is completely to blame.

Retool points out the "attacker was able to navigate through multiple layers of security" [0], i.e.:

1. "through a SMS-based phishing attack" on "Several employees"

2. "one employee logged into the [SMS phishing] link", "logging into the fake portal"

3. "attacker called the [phished] employee" "and deepfaked our [IT team] employee’s actual voice"

4. "the [phished] employee grew more and more suspicious, but unfortunately did provide the attacker one ... (MFA) code" (over the call)

5. "The additional OTP token shared over the call was critical, because it allowed the attacker to add their own personal device to the employee’s Okta account, which allowed them to produce their own Okta MFA from that point forward."

6. "This enabled them to have an active GSuite session on that device." With "Google Authenticator synchronization feature that syncs MFA codes to the cloud", "if your Google account is compromised, so now are your MFA codes".

By #5, I'm thinking GA sync is about as blameworthy as Okta for allowing a device to be added with just a single additional OTP token shared over a phone call?

Here's a different perspective (tptacek) [1]:

>> We use OTPs extensively at Retool: it’s how we authenticate into [Google, Okta, internal VPN and Retool]

> They should stop using OTPs. OTPs are obsolete. For the past decade, the industry has been migrating from OTPs to phishing-proof authenticators: U2F, then WebAuthn, and now Passkeys†. The entire motivation for these new 2FA schemes is that OTPs are susceptible to phishing, and it is practically impossible to prevent phishing attacks with real user populations

> TOTP is dead. SMS is whatever "past dead" is. Whatever your system of record is for authentication (Okta, Google, what have you), it needs to require phishing-resistant authentication.

> My only concern is the present tense in this post about OTPs, and the diagnosis of the problem this post reached. The problem here isn't software custody of secrets. It's authenticators that only authenticate one way, from the user to the service.

[0] https://retool.com/blog/mfa-isnt-mfa

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37503551
At Collimator.ai we built a differentiable modeling and simulation platform for dynamical systems on JAX (think Simulink but in the cloud and with Python+JAX instead of Matlab) in order to enable more efficient optimization, autotuning, MPC, neural network control, etc. Here is a simple example of PID tuning with JAX and autodiff: https://py.collimator.ai/examples/pid_tuning/ (feedback is welcome!)
Whoa this guy says "computation" and not grammatically bastardized techbrospeak "compute" like some neckbeard equivalent of a caveman!

For that alone I commend him.
Huawei ARM chips were pretty good. Now that they have 7nm out, a ARM Linux PC seems feasible.
I need to be in a city the eclipse is passing over, for a reason unrelated to the eclipse. I can't get a hotel room that night, and I think I will have to drive out of its path for one night. I don't even care about the eclipse but this is so inconvenient and I'm very frustrated.
Microsoft needs to learn the meaning of consent. They're the software equivalent of a creepy guy in a bar offering "back massages" (i.e. Bing) to every girl he talks to.

"Would you like a back massage baby?" (Not now / Ask again in one week)