skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
No, the articles specifically say that one reason Apple recruits RISC-V experts is as an alternate backup plan, going well beyond secondary processors.

I don't think that even ISAs today are easy to design. They look easy because the primary deliverable is thousands of boring pages of specification (obviously plus simulators and reference designs and probably other things). The actual issues today are things like concurrency and memory consistency model, which an ISA would require parallelism hardware experts to design it correctly and effectively. And the possible interactions of ISAs at the level of SoCs design, this is basically an open problem. And there are already many nuances about ISAs today which affect microarchitecture, power, ISA extensions like signal/neural processing, etc., and these matter even to consumer markets (in contrast to high performance / industrial computing) because a computer company ultimately wants to be cost efficient going about this.

I did some more reading last night. It turns out the biggest reason given is that ISA is a duopoly between x86 and ARM: that is, this is patent minefield. Anyone who tries to make a new ISA has to avoid patent troll traps, this was from a scholar.google paper. It's a good economic point, that by creating a high barrier to entry, the duopoly has inhibited ISA development for many years. The RISC-V being a way out of that, is one promising answer.

Also I found that Apple pays much less royalties to ARM with its special license compared to other companies (including but not only Qualcomm) that license ARM. The architectural license is supposed to cost especially more, but Apple gets a special discount for historical reasons, like 30 ¢ per chip.

A couple articles also point out that Apple with its RISC-V R&D can use it as leverage when renegotiating - "If ARM doesn't give us a good license deal, we'll just switch to RISC-V!".

A related point is that there's a lot of infrastructure around ISA - testing/validation flows, compiling, etc., and ARM has a huge ecosystem of this. Here I guess Apple could do this, they could grow their own, which becomes a matter of time and cost. So it's more a practical reason to go with an existing ISA and then extend it, or modify the microarchitectural implementation or even redesign it completely.

From a scientific standpoint, there will probably always be a need for new ISAs. For every new HW/SW concurrency model or new paradigm (deep nets looming on the horizon), there will be revisions to the HW/SW interface. Note also that the Spectre authors wrote that proper the way to avoid such exploits is to fundamentally change instruction set architectures. About 15 years ago I met people (professors) who thought computers were basically done, today I'm not so sure any more.

P.S. RISC-V itself is a ground-up creation after its designers looked carefully at OpenRISC and decided not to build on it, for technical reasons. History will probably repeat itself.
+1 for this. currently using this for my project and it works like a charm!
what would your top suggestions be for server or desktop, instead of ubuntu? Arch (too unstable for server?), Silverblue?
Seems not…the AHA article quotes a Stanford PhD: “One of those details involves the nutrient quality of the diets typical of the different subsets of participants. Without this information, it cannot be determined if nutrient density might be an alternate explanation to the findings that currently focus on the window of time for eating. Second, it needs to be emphasized that categorization into the different windows of time-restricted eating was determined on the basis of just two days of dietary intake[.]”
Many things look boring until you actually sit down and do them.

I also changed sub-fields every 5-7 years. One has to change jobs that often to get any decent raises — consistent rockstar performance + teamwork doesn’t cut it!!!

And on each job change, I chose to expand my technical background too (instead of competitor hopping).

For me, it has been a huge advantage and highly enjoyable.
collecting training data
Probabilistic Arm MTE memory safety is a stepping stone to deterministic CHERI hardware, https://saaramar.github.io/memory_safety_blogpost_2022/ & https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39668053

The right kind of mitigations targets the 1st order primitive; the root cause of the bug.

Hardware solutions: CHERI (Morello, CheriIoT), MTE
Software mitigations: kalloc_type+dataPAC, AUTOSLAB, Firebloom, GuardedMemcpy, CastGuard, attack surface reduction
Safe programming languages: Rust, Swift

MTE/CHERI play pretty nicely - they help ensure that whatever bugs we have in these areas are killed at their root cause… MSR, MSRC and Azure Silicon pushed for… scaling CHERI down to RISC-V32E, the smallest core RISC-V specification.

Microsoft Research open-sourced a hardware/software stack for CHERI in IoT devices, https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2023/02/first-steps-in-cheri...

CHERI-based microcontroller that aims to… get very strong security guarantees if we are willing to co-design the instruction set architecture (ISA), the application binary interface (ABI), isolation model, and the core parts of the software stack… our microcontroller achieves the following security properties:

Deterministic mitigation for spatial safety (using CHERI-ISA capabilities).
Deterministic mitigation for heap and cross-compartment stack temporal safety (using a load barrier, zeroing, revocation, and a one-bit information flow control scheme).
Fine-grained compartmentalization (using additional CHERI-ISA features and a tiny monitor).

David Chisnall, U of Cambridge, https://lobste.rs/s/gnjx2n/c_can_be_memory_safe#c_9ohzku via https://eclypsium.com/blog/a-faster-path-to-memory-safety-ch...

> There are around 13 billion lines of open source C and C++, which end up in various TCBs. This number gets even bigger when you include proprietary code… if we all stopped writing C/C++ code now and every software engineer focused on rewriting legacy code in safe languages (and on the assumption that everything can be written in safe languages) then it would take 5-10 to replace everything and we’d likely see a lot of logic bugs because we’d be replacing old well-tested code with new code that would need different algorithms and data structures to fit with allowable idioms in safe languages.

> If we didn’t do the rewriting thing and just stopped writing code in C/C++, then at normal code replacement rates, our TCBs would be entirely safe in around 50 years. If we don’t all agree to stop writing C/C++, it’s at least 100 years.

> In contrast, if the major CPU vendors shipped CHERI CPUs in five years, most machines (and all high-value ones) would have memory safety within 15 years of today, without needing programmers to change their behaviour.
My suburb is on a grid and I'm two blocks from a main street with restaurants and bars, and now my city's light rail connects to it too so I'm like 15 minutes from downtown.

Most modern people would probably consider this a city itself, but it was developed as a suburb and hasn't changed much in structure since then.

These days people live in 'people prisons' with nothing that any person actually wants anywhere near them.

It's actually really easy to build a suburb like the one I live in. You take a farm, you build a grid of streets. Some streets are bigger. These naturally turn into commercial corridors. You then sell land to people to build homes and stick a frequent service bus line to the city center. Build some parks every few blocks.

Eventually restaurants, bars, cafes, gyms, barbers, stores , etc move in and you have a nice suburb to live in. This is not rocket science. I have no idea why people get so confused on this one.

God forbid one suggest this and you'll have everyone from the pearl clutching conservatives to the equity obsessed progressives all punditsplaining to you why this won't work.
Brought to you by Ozempic?

Seriously though, this seems like it is very susceptible to hidden variable errors.
I mean, people suck. I suck, you suck, your mom, and your brother sucks. Not all the time. Sometimes I'm able to be nice and kind and generous, but dealing with people is just so much work that it's easier to just not, especially when there's so much other stuff out there to do these days.

So it's easier to stay at home and not invest time in socializing, leading to loneliness. it feels unnatural to force it after college and high school but you just have to put in the effort and
people just don't want to do that, absent some other motivation.

If there's a group project or something to bring people together, like an art piece, a float for a parade, or anything of that nature then there's space to connect and make friends. But one has to put in that effort and follow through, and without being paid to do it, in order to get to a point where you're not lonely and have friends. it helps if you're not a horrible person though.
Any iOS plugins that work?
Well... That's what suburbs used to mean. It was a 'sub'-urban area. These days people use suburb synonymously with high density rural without agriculture, which is not the historic meaning.
Would this affect GrapheneOS installs as well prior to the March update?
Yes, that's true. Until local municipalities consider wifi a service they provide their communities, like parks and libraries.

Until then, yes, probably some spectrum should be devoted to OTA; maybe in SD, mainly PBS, I dunno, because this would be for the 'no access fee' case. That means cheap folks, or really poor folks. Society should be doing everything possible to eliminate the latter.

If TV receivers were built into smart phones, it would be easier to make this case.
> you cannot ever receive a SIGSEGV during said ppoll

Unless someone sends one with kill(2). Also, I was talking about signals in general, not SIGSEGV in particular. Who uses SIGSEGV as an async work dispatch mechanism?

> unless you passed it bugus fds, timeout or sigmask pointers. A sleeping process cannot segfault.

No, you get EFAULT. System calls don't work that way.

> If you register a SIGSEGV handler, you have zero guarantees that it will only fire at a particular time in your code as it is delivered on any pagefault from any code accidentally generating it

That's why you use sigaction(2) to register signal handlers --- your callback gets both a siginfo_t and a ucontext_t you can use to figure out whether your segfault came from a region of code you know about or some other random thing going wrong in your process. In principle, you can do the non-reentrant thing after having checked that the signal came from the context you expect, and you can do this checking in an async-signal-safe manner.

> If, for example, the fault is generated from an event loop handler (in case of a single-threaded example, most things run off event loop handlers), the signal handler must in turn not touch the event loop (no adding/removing/adjusting events, no dispatch) unless the event loop is fully reentrant.

Of course. That's a matter of program design.
> Find out what games will be played there and the arbitrage opportunities that may pop up

It is advising you to get involved in new communities based on the economic rewards that may be available in the future rather than any actual interest in the focus of that community.

You have a finite amount of time, so yes, ultimately you have to be picky on which communities you will fully commit to. However the author is still advising you to dip your toe into a wide range of "arenas", regardless of personal interest, in order to choose those with the highest economic prospects.
> They did have alt text but it was deemed not good enough.

Did they? Because the suit alleges that they did not have alt text.

> each place has a phone line that can be called.

Ok but what if the person has troubles talking or hearing or dialing the phone?

Accessibility doesn't even take that long. I updated a site I run to be compliant in less than a day. Corporations can afford to meet regulations.

Edit:

According to the lawsuit the phone number was not added too the website until after.

Also from the lawsuit

> But there are substantial reasons to believe that the
phone number does not provide the same level of independence and convenience as does the website and the
mobile app. In particular, as the district court noted,
"callers may experience delays and be placed on hold." Pet. App. 24a. Ambient noise may distract from and interfere with the accurate taking of orders. See p. 8, supra. And giving a credit card number to a live human
being over the phone may create a greater risk to privacy than does submitting that information through a
secure website. See DCt. Dkt. No. 33 at 15.
PCP and dental practices are much harder to roll up. The doctors start a competitor, and bring their patients, the second the non-compete ends wiping the practice that was bought
>My prediction is eventually there will be anti-trust ligitation, they will be required to open the CUDA standard, after which AMD will become a competitor.

If AMD isn't a competitor before government intervention, I don't the government forcing nvidia to open up CUDA changes much. CUDA's moat isn't due to some secret sauce - nvidia put in the developer hours; and if AMDs CUDA implementation is still broken, people will continue to buy nvidia.

There has been a lot of trying to get AMD to work - Hotz has been trying for a while now[1] and has been uncovering a ton of bugs in AMD drivers. To AMD's credit, they have been fixed, but it does give you a sense of how far behind they are in regards to their own software. Now imagine them trying to implement a competitor's spec?

[1] https://twitter.com/__tinygrad__/status/1765085827946942923
The hiring process sounds like it is made to recruit unquestioning human drones.

I guess that makes sense given how closed and hypocritical "the maker of the world's favourite Linux system" is. Employees having any actual interest or passion in what they are supposed to be doing would cause issues.
He needs all the luck with that job or paying it forward for next time
Zig. It's not as safe as Rust, but it's a hell of a lot better than C while remaining largely interoperable.
I absolutely agree, there are very few people resilient enough for it. But, not all of that journey has to be personal... just showing up and being part of the industry, helping others, putting in more than you might ever get out, etc can earn a lot of goodwill from others. But it's still risky in several ways. I know a few people who are wildly successful, and none of them did it without a lot of risk and luck.
About 25 years ago, an automated car wash cost $2-3, the price of 1-2 gallons of gas.

Now they cost $10-15 at least!

I have to wonder if they are actually making profit without the real estate games too!
This is really interesting, thanks.
My mental health _massively_ improved since going 100% remote, it's great I have a better work life balance, get more work done, am more social with friends and am able to switch off at the end of the day easier.
Blackwell Tensor Cores support Microscaling formats for 4B inference
TBH, a lot of the details are fairly standardized across vendors, and/or are discoverable through SFDP. Parsing the SFDP tables would take a nontrivial amount of program memory, though; I don't know as I'd want to embed that logic in ROM.
I wonder if this study accounted for the type of food.

I'm going to guess that the 8H group was more likely to eat a keto/carnivore diet because they have the discipline/awareness to do a fast so they should know about keto/carnivore diets and be able to stick to them.

I also wonder if the 8H group was less healthy on average to begin with - that's why they're trying an 8H fast to get healthier.
This souns a lot like ethanol.
well, the kids were having fun wrong, so we banned skateboarding, or hanging out at the park or the mall (remember malls?) because it was dangerous, so don't do that, or that, or that, which leaves just being at home, because everything else is wrong.
What happened to Red Hat? As far as I see they’re continuing to invest in linux. Im glad they are keeping CoreOs around as FCOS.
8h time-restricted eating might well be bad for you, but this study doesn't show it, as far as I can tell. They make no effort to control for, say, how obese the average cohort is that's doing an 8h time-restricted eating plan, or how fit the non-time-restricted eaters are. Future research, apparently.

The study does seem to show that 8h time-restricted eating doesn't radically lower the risk of death, at least not enough to dominate any selection bias by dieters.

Also, note that it's a self-reported study, so we are really talking about people who claim to be following a time-restricted eating plan.
From The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, by John Koenig.

https://www.dictionaryofobscuresorrows.com/post/23536922667/...

It's listed in dictionary.com, but it's not in Merriam-Webster or Cambridge dictionaries yet.
I can't get over the fact that RSS is not an integral part of web browsers. Stripping its support was part of browsers digging their own (and the web's) grave.
That's an easy statement to make but in practice it's no longer acceptable; the Internet has become far too hostile and code that's "never going to be connected to the Internet" constantly does.
considering taking an internship here... should this affect my thinking?
This thread is ridiculous. First of all, better can mean many things. In some ways Waffle House is better and in others worse. Second of all, Bourdain's comment was obviously tongue-in-cheek. Lastly, despite the name sake, I never go to Waffle House for the waffles (the item Bourdain was eating —slathered in fake butter and fake maple syrup no less—when he made the comment). Obviously hash browns (smothered, diced, and peppered with two eggs over easy) are where it's at.

HN will argue about anything, eh?
It’s probably not a coincidence that he’s the author of the famous quote that may and is often used to deflect any and all criticism of a programming language.
Draft Paper Discovered in Which Joseph Weizenbaum Envisions ELIZA's Applications
hahaha thank you for the reply.. we both win (in tight Richard Simmons type font)
I'd wager Unsafe in Java is far more rare per million lines of code written than unsafe blocks in Rust. Been coding in Java since ~1997. Unsafe just doesn't come up in 99.999% of Java projects.

Now JNI on the other hand, that made up maybe 0.5% back in the day. Not anymore where FFI is the predominant native linkage (but still comparatively quite rare).

(Cue the one weird guy coming out of the woodwork who claims that all of his Java projects in the last 10 years have used Unsafe to great effect.)
Did you just write an LLM generated comment? I will refer you to the disciplinary committee that my cousin also happens to be on. /s
Make sure you're using a SOTA embedding model (UAE, embedding-ada-002, etc) that is capable of creating a vector from a reasonably large token size, see here for comparisons:
https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard

Experiment with a "sliding scale" around the book (paragraphs, pages, etc). Try to use a graph to relate book sections, etc.

Consider setting up a tuner with well defined questions and answers to search for optimality around embeddings.
I would actually consider dense urban cul-de-sacs (or just quieter streets with less road noise in general) for knowing neighbors well. My issue with grids is there's generally an arterial street where apartments are crammed and nobody knows each other due to road noise.

References:

- sebastian hunger anecdote on cul de sacs: https://youtu.be/E9K43cXZg2Q?si=4Z5WgE4izKM5A0SF

- don appleyard's livable streets: https://vimeo.com/16399180

Can't find it but recall seeing a map someone made of a city in southeast Asia (Thailand or vietnam) illustrating how theres lots of cul-de-sacs
The NVIDIA keynote today mentioned on-chip encryption for model data actually. Not sure how entirely that covers your proposed case, but it’s already something they’re working on at least.
This is awesome....do you know if there's any open source directory software out there? I'd like to run my own directory.
One of my garage door springs snapped unexpectedly while my housemate was opening the garage door. I'm glad nobody was under the door at the time since it slammed so hard it put a bend in the bottom section.
Well that’s disappointing, but there were not enough details to understand the methodology. Were the time restricters less healthy at the start?

Also, this gave me a bit of a pause

The study included data for NHANES participants who were at least 20 years old at enrollment, between 2003-2018, and had completed two 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires within the first year of enrollment.

Does this mean they are relying upon two food surveys per year to bucket people?
Not bad? it helps users distinguish between reality and virtuality, the world is becoming more virtual though...
I don't believe that's going to happen. If it were, humans would have stopped playing chess. But not only do lots of people still play chess, people making a living playing chess. There are YT channels devoted to chess. The same thing will be true of almost all sports, lots of entertainment, and lots of occupations where people prefer human interaction. Bar tenders and servers could be automated away, but plenty like to sit at a bar or table and be served by someone they can talk to. I have a hard time seeing nurses being replaced. Are people going to want the majority of their care automated?

I also don't know what it means to completely remove humans from all work. Who is deciding what we want done? What we want to investigate or build? The machines are just gong to make all work-related decisions for us? I don't believe that. It would cease being our society at that point.

Which brings up the heart of the matter. Why are we trying to replace ourselves? It's our civilization, automation are just tools we use to be more productive. It should make our lives better, not remove us from the equation.

My guess is the real answer is it will make some people obscenely rich, and give some governments a significant technical advantage over others.
Civilians can absolutely be targeted if it fills a legitimate military objective. And Hamas doesn't follow the rules of war and doesn't distinguish between civilians and military objectives either. It's like how Hamas and Hezbollah both use journalists as spotters and then complain when they get killed. Communications networks are 100% legitimate targets and so are the people maintaining them.
are there any game engines for AAA development in rust?
The reason for that mostly is CUDA only supports C and C++ natively.
> Then you wake up, drive to work or sit inside and work remotely, then do it all over again.

The mass preponderance of work from home is going to cause major social issues. Most Americans have very little family and social ties, so this just makes things worse. The COVID lockdowns were a huge mistake and have greatly damaged the social fabric of the country
It really impresses me that a typical ICE can run at thousands of RPM for years on end with relatively minimal maintenance, and then then it's not the pistons and engine block that will fail first.
Yeh it’s weird they don’t mention parameter size or other reasoning metrics. It’s a very cool approach to getting structured output from an LLM, but the benchmarks don’t show us the whole picture. I’m wondering if their approach can be used to delegate to different models at each step in a structured output. If it could be run with mistral 8x7B and still maintain its performance then that’s awesome.
While avoiding head injury is a good path to pursue, sometimes the head injury finds you.

It can take very little whiplash of the skull to cause a concussion.
Painting by Roman Numerals