skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
At the time, I think everybody was unaware of this. Everybody followed the development of machine chess, but it was widely assumed that machine go was an entirely different category of difficulty. Chess engines gradually encroached on the very top grandmasters. AlphaGo came out of nowhere.
The Nmap book[1] covers this and a lot of other really cool tricks it can do. I highly recommend reading it cover-to-end if you use nmap at all.

Related to spoofed IP scanning, check out Zombie Scans[2]

[1] https://nmap.org/book/toc.html

[2] https://nmap.org/book/idlescan.html#scan-methods-idle-scan-f...
I wish someone could provide a tl;dr of that answer to us simpletons. His writing style is something I am unable to comprehend.
One of my favorite FPGA gadgets is the mojo 2 headphone amplifier by Chord electronics. The amplifier is nearly flawless. Coming from the old days of tube amplifiers and amazing analogue devices it is nice to see how far the digital circuitry has gone with analog applications.
Let's say I agree to that. How does that translate into an argument that string theory is hogging resources (e.g. funds, infrastructure, colliders, space telescopes) that are now no longer available to alternative projects?

Yours sounds like an argument that it's not making good or testable predictions, certainly an indictment but not (so far as I can tell) responsive to my Q.
You can't just upgrade existing to high speed rail. Turning radius is way too small, and noise levels much higher, and you usually need at least two tracks.
The key point:

> Since about 2013, the Japanese government has tried to make both public policies and corporate culture more friendly to women in the work force

I remember this was a major cornerstone of Abenomics at the time [0].

The current numbers are well below Abe's stated goal of 73% women participation by 2020, but is still a major cultural shift.

I'm not sure how relevant this is for the US though, as the US has always had a fairly higher women participation rate than Japan [1] and it feels like the Byline Editor decided to clickbaitify the title of the article.

[0] - https://www.japan.go.jp/tomodachi/2014/summer2014/womenomics...

[1] - https://ourworldindata.org/female-labor-supply
> But what you cannot do is essentially intercept calls to and reverse engineer NVIDIA binaries in real time because you can’t be arsed to build your own.

And this is precisely what anti-trust ligitation would allow them to do.

Preventing someone from reverse-engineering a product with the sole intention of maintaining monopoly status may be seen as anti-competitive.

AMD makes really, really good CPUs now, but only after ligitation against Intel allowed them to keep up with evolving x86 standards.

It's not about being "arsed" to build your own, the problem is NVIDIA controls the ecosystem-wide standard. NVIDIA can add to CUDA at any point in time and launch a GPU at the same time, the ecosystem would be forced to buy it if they want to stay on the cutting edge, and AMD would never be able to compete or reverse engineer these new standards in time.
A lot of opportunities are locked behind a massive paywall and the system isn’t intended for your average Joe to get through that paywall. If it were, you’d have less people to serve you coffee or deliver your meals or advertise to in order to increase shareholder value which the ruling class do not want. Do not be dense.

Pretending like all 8 billion people have the same opportunity to be the next Jeff Bezos/Elon/Jobs is misleading.

My advice for the 99% is to the best you can and foster family and friend relationships, work less, and get out of the mindless consumerist game.
Ask HN: What do you expect from GPT-5?
Every new generation of GPT models brought a significant improvement: GPT1 demonstrated that unsupervised pretraining of a language model on a large text corpus results in great performance on a variety of specialized tasks; GPT2 which was a simple model scale up and text corpus expansion resulted in a huge output quality improvement (English speaking unicorns story); further scale up in GPT3 resulted in the emergence of unprecedented generalization abilities, and finally GPT4 achieved the understanding of the world and reasoning capabilities that would had probably qualified as AGI just 10 years ago.

In the latest Lex Friedman interview [1], Sam Altman said he expects (hopes for?) a similar level of improvement in GPT5 as the improvement of GPT4 over GPT3. He said GPT5 "just feels smarter" overall.

What do you expect, or hope for, to see in the next big model from OpenAI? What do you think its impact will be on the world?

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvqFAi7vkBc
Thank you. I fail to grasp your P.S. in relation to the Levant passage ?
>It is unfair to expect the investor to invest for free.

Ok, but in the case of negative market returns, the expectation is that you get no returns. If the investor randomly demands not having to get market returns then who is going to make up the difference if not the investor? The tax payer? That is the answer the average citizen has chosen and they like it.
Just use Parcel with .md files
Altman is not a deep PhD-level expert researcher in Machine Learning, but you could be a lot less technical than a Stanford CS dropout who built a tech co as his first swing. He's not exactly a management consultant LARPing being technical.
I disagree with this take. The Federal government was trying to censor by proxy what can appear on social media. One can read, for example,

'Biden White House Pressured Facebook To Censor Lab Leak Posts
"Can someone quickly remind me why we were removing—rather than demoting/labeling—claims that Covid is man made," asked Meta's president for global affairs.'
https://reason.com/2023/07/28/biden-white-house-pressured-fa...
Consider looking into https://80000hours.org/.
Don't you mean later? You ought to have a clear idea of your differentiation from the beginning.
The book "Dark Hero of the Information Age: In Search of Norbert Wiener The Father of Cybernetics" by Conway & Siegelman spends some time on this.
What is "rat**"?
I am quite new to LLMs, so probably something is lost on me. What I don't get is why we need millions or billions of tokens. Like... 3 words=4 tokens more or less, right? Surely you don't need millions of words to build context for something, right? I guess someone out there has tried LLMs with hundreds or thousands of tokens. Is there a noticeable difference for most use cases?

Maybe with image generation tokens have a different significance, and you may need millions or billions of tokens, but when it comes to pure text I don't get that.
Nvidia Plans to Price Newest AI Chips to Appeal to Wide Group of Users
As far as the GDPR goes, only webmasters choosing to ban entire countries of users out of greed (wanting to unfairly profit off users) or laziness (not caring enough about the privacy of their users) or spite (punishing users because you don't like the GDPR) can achieve the splitting you describe. If it happens, it would be their decision, and thus their fault.

Real talk though, again: you say you personally feel the GDPR is vague. If you have questions about the GDPR, ask them, and I'm sure smart folks at HN will be able to help you find answers and overcome obstacles. You can build and not break laws, whether GDPR or ITAR, we can help. If you have troubles building, share them with us, let us advise you. Nobody's saying it'll be zero work, but nobody's entitled to run a business doing whatever it wants with zero work, either, and shouldn't expect to.
but what does Ja Rule think?
Recently, I experimented with various techniques to cache some JSON responses from FastAPI, using Python decorators for both in-memory and disk caching on a single machine. After benchmarking the performance, I found the results somewhat disappointing (500 req/s vs 5k req/s). While caching did lead to a tenfold improvement in speed compared to no caching, I believe the primary bottleneck was Python's inherent performance limitations, which made it X times slower than a comparable program written in C. Consequently, I decided to remove the cache decorator and instead put a simple nginx caching reverse proxy in front of FastAPI. This resulted in performance gains that were an order of magnitude better (60k req/s) than those achieved with Python based caching.
Totally agree. I tried to account for this by saying "for better or worse." But what are its actual, real-world claims on our major experimental infrastructure in the present?
Number of possible game states is a poor measure of complexity. How many game states does soccer or basketball have, when you consider flight of ball and movement of players? Does that tell us anything about whether basketball is more complex than Go?
Emergent systems can't really be intentionally designed.
I think AlphaZero does use MCTS?
when i was the kids' age, a teacher told us "aim at the stars, you might at least reach the moon" and i always found it motivating
No big deal, but instead of running "wakeonlan" as a subprocess:

import subprocess
[...]
result = subprocess.run(["wakeonlan", "MY:MA:CA:DD:RE:SS"], capture_output=True)

The magic packet could be built and broadcast in pure python, without introducing a dependency on an external binary.

For example, one could take inspiration from the code at https://github.com/remcohaszing/pywakeonlan/blob/main/wakeon...
> Or that humans can even do xor with a single neuron.

That's news to me.

I'm not hugely surprised given I've heard a biological neuron is supposed to be equivalent to a small ANN network, but still, first I've heard of that claim.
I'm so going to steal this
> If turing-completeness is necessary, why should there even exist a build system independent from a programming language now?

This is a great question that I will make sure to answer in my Turing-completeness post in a week.

But to answer now, it's because of multi-project builds, where projects can be in multiple languages.

If you have build systems that are not independent from their language, how do you get them to play nice?

I designed Rig to be able to act as a babysitter and make them play nice.

If I play my cards right, Rig will be the reason other build systems become irrelevant. :)
A Flat Place
I wonder if this article was written by AI? The fact that one senator is for it and one senator is against it means nothing. This is about as impactful as me "considering" a 4 day work week with out talking to my employer that currently expects me to work five days a week.
Apple Nuke their entire developer ecosystem from orbit every few years. Using a cross-platform UI like Qt insulates you from this to an extent. But the downside is that you never get it to look quite 100% native and you may not have easy access to the latest bells and whistles from Apple.

Microsoft can't seem to make up their mind on what UI platform people should be using. It's a mess. But they generally do support old platform, unlike Apple. I gag at thought of writing MFC code in 2024. But each to their own.
Reddit, YouTube must face lawsuit over the radicalization of the Buffalo shooter
It's stolen from George Carlin.

Attribution would be appropriate!
I think this distills the crux of the equivocation inherent to this kind of reasoning

Being "the number 1 economy in the world" (Actually kind of debatable by some metrics, but that's beside the point) is a measure of the power of the few that hold it, not the general living conditions of the populace. "Society-wide benefits" being the same as having the richest aggregate economy is to say the least pretty dubious
Simply skimming their resume would probably weed out 50% of that. A better way is to have a few simple questions on the application, like "Where do you see your career in 5 years", "We use Django here, what are some things you don't like about it", etc. With that, just "skimming" will weed out 90-95%. That said, now that everyone will just pipe that to chatGPT, not so sure how any private interview questions or projects are going to work out.........
So Musk whose father owned diamond mines is not an heir.

Arnault whose father owned Ferret-Savinel is not an heir.

Gates father was a prominent lawyer, his mother was an heiress who was on a board with the chairman of IBM.

Even looking at those who are not classified as heirs - Zuckerberg's high school currently costs over $50,000 a year. Buffett's father was a congressman and his family owned grocery stores. Not billionaires, but people with more wealth and connections then even our minority of upper middle class people.
> 8 reached EOL in the last year or two

Java 8 is still under Extended Support until 2030 (and indefinite sustaining support). Java 11 left Premier Support September 2023.

"Java SE 8 has gone through the End of Public Updates process for legacy releases. Oracle will continue to provide free public updates and auto updates of Java SE 8 indefinitely for Personal, Development and other Users via java.com".

https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-support-roa...
Why is this considered the "prehistory" of AI? It's the actual history of AI. . .
It seems like the other part of this is the ability of LLMs to rationalize even answers that are not rational (he says piling BS on BS). That has previously been a very human (and quite distracting/confusing) activity and it's very effective on most people most of the time.
Simon! Still loving your blog posts about this stuff. Thank you for doing that.

Agreed that not everyone lives in the terminal, but you know.
What gives, I am not allowed to create a todo for Today or This Evening when it is already late in the day? That does not make a lot of sense to me.
(Do you remember this btw https://petervandijck.com/xfml/spec/1.0.html)
The end of landlords: the surprisingly simple solution to the UK housing crisis
My budget includes the premiums and the individual out of pocket max. If that's not good enough, what number am I supposed to be looking at? My with a spouse budget is just 2x the individual budget, family out of pockets are usually around 2x individual in my neck of the woods, so that doesn't make a big difference; if there's kids, then it would, but the modelling there gets tricky because you've got to figure out what age you're kicking them off the plan (assuming they don't have a debilitating condition that leaves them dependent on you for their whole life... that falls outside my plan).

> You also can’t withdraw at as high a “safe rate” as people planning for an ordinary retirement at ~65 do, because your fund needs to last a lot longer despite inflation and such. $2m isn’t “retire at 35” (… or 45) money. It might be “take a big gamble and maybe get lucky… for a while” money. Or semi-retire money.

The $2 M is the budged accumulation only to pay for premiums and out of pocket until you hit Medicare; and that's assuming a spouse. Budgeting that based on perpetual withdrawl rate gives yet another buffer, because it only has to last until Medicare eligibility age. Yeah, there's unknowns, but whatever. I'm not saying $2 M is enough to accumulate for early retirement. It could be, but a lot of people want to spend more money than that. $2 M doesn't generate that much income, so you'll likely qualify for health plan subsidies, which would help a bit too.

Edit: I used zipcode 98110, birthday for illustration 01/01/1960. Going into the less expensive side of my state, zipcode 99336; there's no blue cross out there, but the most expensive bronze plan for that birthdate is $14,000 / year with the same $9200 out of pocket max. And yeah, limited networks suck ... I'm not going to shop for hypotheticals there --- I'm pretty sure if there's no reasonable in network doctors, you can fight your insurance to get covered at a reasonable doctor, regardless of the insurance and state, and if you're early retired, you'll have time for it.
depends on definition of wealthy
Yet we've heard about nobody doing training on AMD.
Shame. I've been renting a Polestar (2?) via Hertz for months now. I don't consider myself a car guru, but I do drive a lot of cars for work because of my constant traveling, usually some mid range car. Probably have a rental car 330+ days a year.

1. Split between Polestar 2 & Jeep Grand Cherokee 2018 model(fully equipped)
2. Volvo V60
3. Toyota Corolla
I was going to mention this as well. It's fairly similar:

memory = joblib.memory.Memory(...)

@memory.cache
def slow_func(...):
...
I changed the return stmt to "return sum2" so the for-loop calculations aren't optimized away and fed the code to godbolt.org (compiler explorer).

gcc-trunk at -O3 for x64 will vectorize the loops but there's no register pressure, so the register allocator wasn't taxed much.

No niche optimization pass to convert to using Gauss's shortcut - https://physicsdb.com/sum-natural-numbers/
Get your funnel filled up ... Keep pushing ... That and only that. Persistency with a smile
Cussing into chatboxes tends to demonstrate if its a human or a bot. They don't handle swearing well...yet.
only salesforce is the competitor? not hubspot?
Yes, quite easily, we made a few different versions. There are much more benefits than just runtime programmable asynchronous circuits.
There’s a whole extremely famous book series on this very topic, you might have heard about it. The first volume’s title is ‘Paul is bad’ but it’s more widely known as ‘Dune’.
When your account is stolen someone can create "official" documents in your name and impersonate you. There could be a system for invalidating your key after a certain date to help out with those situations.

For prominent people who actually have to worry about being impersonated they could provide their own keys.

The infrastructure could be managed by multiple groups or a singular one like the government. The point isn't to be a perfect system, it's to generate enough trust that what you're looking at is genuine and not a total fraud.

In a world where AI bots are generating fake information about everyone in the world, that kind of system could certainly be built and be useful.
Nope, does not bother me at all when someone rips off Atlassian software
I couldnt finish reading the essay because I was distracted by the generally smug tone of it.

99.99% of people who read this article are not going to start the next Google. Being a successful entrepreneur requires an incredible amount of luck, timing, skill, and risk taking.

If you choose that path, great, but that in no way devalues the skill building, network building, and predictable income of working for someone else.
now all we need is a Markov Chain trained to produce this, publish YT shorts of them, and retire https://www.404media.co/inside-the-world-of-tiktok-spammers-...
Odd to see ROP and monads as an either/or problem (see what I did there?). Most ROP implementations I've seen rely on the result monad.
Ideally, a build system should be just a simple, declarative thing: here is the list of the files that need to be compiled, go do it. But the simple declarative tends to fail when you start getting to complex logic.

Things start out with a simple "oh, we need to do completely different things on different OSes. Compile only these files on Linux and these on Windows." Then, oops, we also have a feature that requires a long build time that half our developers don't want to build (also it's unstable and has a nasty dependency or something), so only build this files when this feature is enabled.

Then something gets complex and you now have part of your source code being autogenerated from some tool that needs to be built as part of the build. And the autogenerator needs to use the support library. And someone complains about the speed of the debug build, so the autogenerator needs to be built with optimizations enabled even when the rest of the program is disabled. And then cross-compilation is now more of a headache...

I haven't even touched on so many other possible complexities in the build system (autodownloading dependencies is another fun one). The point is that the idealized, simple, declarative build system only cuts it like 60% of the time (even that requires some level of conditional compilation which make can do but not nicely). At the upper end, you're going to need some complex logic to handle complex cases, and not providing some form of general-complexity features to achieve those cases is going to result in people trying to emulate them using existing features--ironically probably making it more complex as a result.

Giving users the ability to have Turing-completeness in their build system doesn't necessarily mean the buildsystem has to devolve into incomprehensiblity. I've come to like Mozilla's meta-build system in this regard, for example, this relatively complex build file: https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/browser/app/moz...
> comeback

Did it fall out of favour?
https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aax6239
EV Battery Prices Dropping a Lot This Year and Next
I disagree, not because methods do not get called, but because the Smalltalk sender is not calling a method, it is sending a message. It says to the runtime, here is an object and I want to send "#collect:" to it using this other object obj as a parameter. The runtime looks in the object's class for a method called "collect:" and, if found, calls the method with the receiver and obj. If not found, it will look in the superclasses until it cannot find it, then it will send "#doesNotUnderstand:" with the context, and go up the class hierarchy again. Because of the message-passing paradigm, the receiver can make behaviors that are unusual, such as proxying and delegation, in a more or less transparent fashion.

If the sender is calling a method, then that is a static arrangement and the result is not different from a function call.
>go to grad school to learn how to find scientific-discovery-based startup ideas these days?

Nope, ended up going to scientific-discovery-based-startup-ideas-R-us instead, by client demand.
CISA hit by hackers, key systems taken offline
Build systems do more than just build files. They find and run tests, analyze test results, analyze coverage. Conditionally generate code based on whether a feature is enabled or disable. Run "find dependency" logic. Read pkgconfig files.
If everybody became an entrepreneur then we wouldn't have scientists working on our biggest technological problems.
The 8080 instruction set opcodes have logical bit patterns, so you can identify the operation and operands through bit masking instead of requiring a huge LUT. Beyond that you can simplify a lot by sacrificing timing accuracy.
Someone better tell that to Elon Musk, Steve Jobs, Sean Parker, and Jack Dorsey.
There is something very fishy in that article: the order of traversal in a hierarchical make should be entirely expressed by dependency rules, not mere existence of a directory. Failure to describe dependencies is a flaw in the creation of the Makefile, not an inherent property of make itself.

Specifically, this idiom:

all:
for dir in $(MODULES); do \
(cd $$dir; ${MAKE} all); \
done

should be banished from everyone's Makefiles. make isn't a just way of cobbling together some collection arbitrary collection of scripts. Each of those modules should be a target with dependencies. The rule to make that module is the recursive make. But the order is determined by the explicit dependencies, not whatever random order glob gives you. ie, what you should have is:

module1:
(cd $module1_dir; make)

module2: module1
(cd $module2_dir; make)

etc etc etc

Every single time in my career that I've had someone complain about a flaw in make, what I discover is a significant flaw in their description of the make rules. If it is not behaving correctly, you did not fully describe the DAG.
14.4 seems to be breaking Docker desktop for some uses too https://github.com/docker/for-mac/issues/7220
I thought she was remembered for not retracting when shown to be wrong about Samoa.