skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The book referred to in this post has some information about this. The method with "dual numbers" is called "forward-mode automatic differentiation". PyTorch seems to use "reverse-mode automatic differentiation", which does not use dual numbers, but keeps track of the computation graph.
I think people get too hung up on the aggregate numbers which can hide large populations experiencing things differently. Wage growth may have been higher than inflation for some quintiles overall, but for literally millions of people in those quintiles who didn’t job hop and got typical raises or got laid off or whatever, the average experience wasn’t their experience. And when prices are obviously going up, most people will feel like they are falling behind even if they objectively are treading water.
> Nobody can excel on the Picotron,

Uhhh... have you seen Pico-8 development. People can excel on that thing. The limitations make the achievements even more remarkable. If you want to see the excellence in coding, combine the two and check out the people who wrote BBC BASIC raytracers in a tweet. If anything, we're in a glut of shitty code today partly because our comparatively powerful machines, combined with a race to the bottom in terms of churning product out quickly, make writing and shipping something extremely unoptimized far, far easier than taking time to polish the end product.

I think you're onto something, in that the Pico-8 and Picotron are going for the "vibe" of retro home computer/console programming but are not capturing the true essence of it. With 8-bit home computers, you started off in BASIC and could build simple games and stuff -- but if you wanted to write anything performant then you had to drop down to assembly and there was a significant difficulty spike there. So even back then we were dealing with "unfun" stuff. (In general, the enjoyment you got out of such work was proportional to the effort you put in.)
So I can count on you to invest in my new startup that will be inventing human flight without any extraneous equipment right?
> Yes, you can call it "pure python" if it compiles to something else

There is an idea that "pure python" means python + python runtime.

For example, pg8000 is a "pure python PostgreSQL driver", but psycopg is not.

Even though both of them only require Python code from their users.
Jobs wasn't in charge at that point; Gassee wanted too much money for too little OS. BeOS was missing a lot of features.

If BeOS had the ability to output graphics to printers at the time, we'd be in a very different world today.
> In dollar terms, he's just saying that the price of gold and the price of houses have inflated by the same amount.

They might be saying, it's just not really true:

http://www.goldchartsrus.com/chartstemp/free/USHomePricesAU0...

In gold houses are about 3x cheaper now than they were back in 1970. Yet in the mid 2000s they were even more expensive than in 1970. What can we make of that besides that the price of gold is very unstable and increase in money supply is not the primary reason of that? (e.g. compare 2000s and 2010s..)

There is nothing special about gold, it's just a highly speculated commodity with very volatile price and that's it. We might as well do the same experiment and use the prices of oil/wheat/etc. and it would make a lot more sense.
> I do think we can pay off the debt. It would require an increase
> in taxation that would cause an S&P 500 contraction.

I was very worried about the huge deficits from the Reagan era. But when Clinton was elected, and he raised taxes, I thought we were done for.

Surely, raising taxes would cause the economy to contract more, which would lead to even less government revenue, a higher deficit, ever more impossible to service, etc etc....

Well. Imagine my surprise a few years later when the deficits turned into surpluses.

What I had forgotten to take into account is that raising taxes causes the interest rates to go down--if the government isn't borrowing billions and trillions of dollars, i.e., if the demand for debt goes down, the price of debt (i.e. the interest rate) also goes down.

So an upper middle-class guy may have gotten his taxes raised by a few thousand dollars--but he just refinanced his mortgage from 10% to 5% and saved a thousand dollars a month. (Yes, interest rates for mortgages were that high, and higher. My Dad bought a house at $14% interest rate in the 80's).

I remember reading an article in the Wall Street Journal by a guy who was scared to death of the surpluses--in a few decades, he said, we'll no longer have any 30-year government bonds. How will Fannie May and Freddie Mac be able to subsidize 30-year mortgages? How are we going to use Black-Scholes to calculate the correct value of derivatives if we don't have a measure of the zero-risk interest rate??

Alas, the supreme court threw away Gore, and installed Bush as president, where he solved those "problems" in very short order.
Government likes to terrify people with stories of depression (and fascism and climate change) in order to grab more power for themselves and the elite. If you play the game then you too can get paid - get a PhD, keep your eyes down and march like they say, and they'll pay you to play with numbers that make them look credible.

But people are waking up. The Internet has democratized information (sorry, it's popularized it), and now the elite gatekeepers in colleges can't stop anyone from gathering economic data with their own eyes and doing economic analysis. I can see how much a loaf of bread costs; I can see my basket of goods and my supermarket receipt.

Just kidding. I really think the lack of humanities education, especially history and literature, makes people - especially in SV and the wider less-educated world - very vulnerable to this nonsense. It's transparent nonsense if you understand it, but if you toss away generations of understanding about its technique and manipulative power and effects, you are a babe in the woods.

"Not to know what happened before one was born is always to be a child." - Cicero
On some days, Claude (and other LLMs) will hallucinate on one input and produce garbage and in the next update it will then believe something else in the next unpredictably.

Perhaps using general purpose LLMs for safety critical use cases without humans isn't a good idea. This is why we have a 'human in the loop' giving the feedback to resolve the trust issue that LLMs lack.

Maybe we should trust LLMs like Claude to pilot a plane without any human pilots on board and raise VC money on the idea on replacing all pilots since we keep having these conversations on LLMs being compared with humans and countless VCs screaming over robots replacing humans in all occupations and 'accelerating everything' which could not be more wrong.
I wasn't attacking your post, merely sharing my lack of confidence in OKRs.

I think the changes you are suggesting are sensible, but I would still not use OKRs.
It should just be Greatly Parallel Unit at this point.
Of course not - but this exact idea was tried and failed. What is Boom going to offer that makes it survive? So far, it seems nothing.

There's estimates that if Concord still flew today, Trans-Atlantic ticket prices would start around $10,000. How many people actually want to fly in a cramped cabin for that fee? You can get very luxurious first class cabin space for much less.

Ultimately, Boom will fail just like Concord. After the novelty wears off, there's very few actual customers - and even fewer repeat customers.
I don't claim to have much more context.

But in my college days, I decided that there was an effect, which I thought of as foreshortening. Professors remembering their own college days naturally remember their peer group, which is to say people similar to those who would go on to be professors. Professors evaluate the present by their students, who are from a much wider range of interests and ability.

Having said that, I have heard and read credible claims made against my generation (in college in the mid-1970s). You could look at John Lukacs's memoir Confessions of an Original Sinner, chapter "Teaching", on the need he found to reduce reading lists over the years.

I suspect that the high school class of 2017 will arrive at college better prepared than my class was, at least in the areas of math, science, and foreign languages.
It would be good to get real numbers, the problem is inflation does not hit everyone equally; for example my house is paid off, the housing components do not affect me at all. So if they are growing faster than the rest of the basket it does not reflect in my life.

So real gains may or may not exist without looking at the individual or individual cohort you are talking about.
That is memory. Ask ChatGPT a basic fact about universe and it will tell you because it has memorized the answer. You are asking it to learn, or incrementally create new memories. That just has not been implemented yet, due to costs.
So what ?
Your reply doesn't make it about anything else than the color of the messages.

It's no different than WhatsApp creating an add saying "I give the same color chat bubbles to everybody".

It is essentially a dispute over people wanting iMessage because people delivers the superior tool. iMessage does nothing that any other messaging client doesn't already do, but with fewer users.
Ask HN: Textbook Regarding LLMs
Are there any textbooks that cover LLMs in depth? I’m looking to read papers (especially review articles) or a textbook instead of trying to piece everything together from papers or blogs or watching YouTube videos, despite there obviously being some good stuff out there.
Many economists and policy makers would agree that a rising tide lifts all boats. So if decreasing the real value of wages via inflation sounds counter intuitive and misguided, it's because it is.

The problem is capitalism only prizes selfishness. An individual (corporation) acts selfishly by paying the smallest amount to workers that it can get away with.

If wages rose with inflation there'd be more money for consumers to buy products, and all else being equal that is better for the economy (and corporations).

An environment where wages rise slower than inflation is a vicious cycle of workers having less money to allocate to goods, thus hurting demand, thus hurting wage growth, thus hurting demand, etc.

You might be tempted to think that these situations should even out over the long run. But that ignores the psychological effect that decreased purchasing power has on workers - making them more likely to be stingy with their money (spend less).
Or you have nothing to say. Either way, why comment?
Interesting. It seems like it would be hard to make much progress.
>Customizable parts. Open choice of components.

He says, gesturing at the robot's groin.
In the context of the thread, both investment and consumption are spending though. Whether one buys a shiny new gadget or a tech stock that pays dividends doesn't matter, because cost of doing either will be less tomorrow in a deflationary economy.
An under-appreciated benefit of inflation is that it reduces the value of debts. All things being equal (and of course they aren’t), inflation is good for debtors and bad for debt-holders. If you owe $500k on your mortgage, inflation at 5% annually is reducing your debt load substantially without you needing to do anything.
I am both horrified and impressed.
Jet engines are a "solved problem" like "moon landing" is a "solved problem"
If you are in need of a diff tool for jupter notebooks use https://www.reviewnb.com/ and for word documents use https://www.simuldocs.com/
1. This isn't as much of a problem as it's made out to be. It's the same problem we have with the uneven distribution of wealth and poor competition in the economy in general. If the banks are all publicly traded and the shares evenly distributed, the wealth will just go back to the general population. If you have a healthy banking market with several competitors the banks will compete to the point where none of them can extract too much profit. Same as how you end up with companies extracting wealth in any market where they get too much of a monopoly.
2. Nobody has even proposed a solution that is remotely capable of improving on the system we have. Because most proposed solutions are formulated by people who haven't bothered to truly understand how the system of money/banking we have today actually works.
you guys are wrong and spreading blatant misinformation - there is no magic number whose square is 0 but which is itself not zero anywhere in pytorch or tensorflow or any other real DNN framework that i'm familiar with. it's all fun and games to participate in math woo but you shouldn't be proclaiming things you don't actually know on a public forum.
I agree. And if I decide to wait a year, I'll be using iPhone 4 for the next year, regardless of which model I'll choose.
There are a few good resources. Here is a good blog post with some introduction:

https://towardsdatascience.com/forward-mode-automatic-differ...

Some thorough notes from MIT:
https://book.sciml.ai/notes/08-Forward-Mode_Automatic_Differ...

Here is a teacher who taught a class using these, calling the dual element dx instead of h:

https://cornellmath.wordpress.com/2007/08/28/non-nonstandard...
> none of which did what they did or believed the way they do because of anything describable as what would count as evidence in science, or a court of law.

Abraham is in that list, and is elsewhere described as the paragon of faith. Yet in Genesis 18/19 Abraham is said to have met and talked with God, and discussed the destruction of Sodom, which Abraham then witnessed immediately. Abraham's faith was not a belief in a God he had never seen.

Likewise Cain, Abel and Noah are in the Hebrews 11 list but Genesis says they spoke with God before they exercised their faith.

In Hebrews 11 the "things unseen" are elaborated as the creation of the universe and the future fulfillment of God's promises (almost entirely the latter). They're unseen not because there is no evidence for them, but simply because the faithful people did not live to see them fulfilled.

"Faith is belief without evidence" is a trope widely believed by Christians and atheists, but that's not the faith being promoted in Hebrews.
I was thinking more of some light weight tools that convert between the two representations and which can be hooked into existing editors.
I love how Reagan openly busted US unions with one hand while secretly funding Polish unions with the other.
I think this is a grand tradition on this fair site. I think we all are looking forward to whatever's coming next.
What's the best way to store a bunch of .zip files that all share some data? Assume that I can't decompress or alter the zip files in any way.

Basically I want a shared encoding dictionary. Is there an easy solution for this?

The use case is maintaining an archive of .crx files.
Glassdoor CEO: 'Anonymous posts will always stay anonymous'
>The economy is rigged such that in the absence of any positive action, workers' purchasing power goes down over time by default. This obviously isn't a problem for the rich, whose money is stored almost entirely in assets which by definition rise in value with inflation.

Look, I'm sensitive to the struggles of the less well off, and that we are in a particularly rough part of a cycle. I don't believe the economy is at all optimal.

But your comment implies that people are getting poorer over time, and it flies in the face of reality, doesn't it? Society has become significantly wealthier, despite the absurdities of inflation and interest rates.
"Cozy" and "general purpose" are not mutually exclusive. Emacs is very cozy, and it can do frickin' everything.

(Maybe Emacs is not cozy to you. But the fact that it is to a significant number of people explains why it still has fans in a world where Visual Studio Code is eating everything.)

Picotron is supposed to emulate a particular form of cozy: that of the very general-purpose computers of the 1980s and 1990s: classic Mac, Amiga, Atari ST, even Windows. What I'm lamenting is a sort of fall from grace wherein even Microsoft, of all companies, tried to shape the computing environment to bring support and comfort to the user rather than exploit them and introduce churn and friction for its own sake.
And is there any integrated circuit process that requires 100+ masks?
It's unfortunate that the hardware isn't open source, but I think he's technically right that his board is not an Arduino derivative from a legal perspective.

"I initially built the prototype with an Arduino board. Later I got my friends designing the NyBoard, a customized PCB based on ATmega328P. We will release the BiBoard, another board based on ESP32. They both support the Arduino IDE but are not using Arduino's brand"
The fix is already here, it's just a matter of time while we wait for the world to understand what it is.

"I don't believe we shall ever have a good money again before we take the thing out of the hands of government, that is, we can't take them violently out of the hands of government, all we can do is by some sly roundabout way introduce something they can't stop"
F.A. Hayek

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBIidtaUCzs
Nostradamus will be right eventually
Duplication, like this user: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39795308
Probably Go because of CGO.
But all things are not equal; lenders take expected inflation into account when evaluating the interest rate they'll demand on their loans. Only unexpected inflation is good for debt holders.
Econ 101: index to 2% inflation, tolerate mild losses.

Elon 101: hire aggressively until product finds PMF, then fire aggressively.
Those monetary tricks only work for a short time, in this case until workers realize that not getting a rise roughly matching inflation is effectively the same as a getting paid less (i.e. Rational Expectations).
Doesn't the "rigorous approach to seeking/knowing truth" seem kind of detached from the reality of life to you? It seems to me that humans are not just disembodied thinking things but agents that actually live in the real world, that (in my view) must live to some end, some purpose.
check pinned messages in @drproxy while it's still up, it's ran by Digital Resistance
I wasn't claiming that SLAPP applied, I was claiming that it's used to avoid even getting to discovery when it does apply, because even letting cases get that far is expensive.
It all averages out among all the banks issuing loans and resolving them.
slightly is doing a lot of work there. I'll admit I'm doing okay myself, and can afford $300 for a commercial plane ticket every once in a while, but there's a gulf between that, and being able to afford a $4,000 plane ticket, and another jump to $10,000 for a plane ticket, to being ever able to afford a to blow $250k on a trip to see the Titanic, however I'll fated that might be.

There's the top 1%, but there's also a .1% and .01% that is, actually, wealthy. But you're right that there's a weird "can't touch money" vibe in some circles that's weird.
> Banks don't print money. The government can.

If you mean "physically print" money, you're technically right. In some countries.

But I think in this discussion, most of us are thinking about "virtually printing" money. That is, creating numbers in your bank account.

Again, you're technically right in that the government is the one steering this process. But the practical matter of actually "printing" the money is handled by the banks. It's their decision when and where to "print" money, as long as they have enough reserves at the end of the day.
Good point! (And it brings back memories of fun with Prolog, although I guess that's `false`.)
Easy installation from source https://difftastic.wilfred.me.uk/from_source.html

cargo install --locked difftastic
Except if you look at history, inflation reliably corresponds with the increase in the national debt.

The US had zero net inflation from 1800 to 1914, and endemic inflation afterwards. What happened in 1914? The Federal Reserve Act, which specifically empowered the Fed to issue money without restriction.

Those other alleged causes all existed prior to 1914.

Did you know that the US experienced inflation when on the gold standard when gold was being dug out of the ground in the California and Yukon gold rushes?

Spain experience massive inflation when they were looting the New World of its gold and silver.

The inflation was so bad during the American Revolution that the Founders did not empower the government to print money. The government found a way around the Constitutional prohibition with the Federal Reserve Act, and then, of course, inflation ensued.

It's the same cause.
I think that point is about it not supporting streaming compression where the output of the packer is immediately fed into something like a pipe or a TCP connection.

You can do this with both tar and ZIP. If all you have is SQLite, you need to fully create the local database (be it in a file or in memory) before you can transmit it somewhere else to be stored or unpacked.
Yeah, just ask the DOJ!?!?!? Is this supposed to be a joke? Unions in the US have been corrupt ever since the Taft Hartley act kneecapped them, but it's absurd to take the DOJ's word for any of this.
Static vs. Dynamic Types
The DMA did not mandate that they decouple their commission structure. That is Apple’s interpretation of the DMA which seems to change every few weeks so far. PWAs on home screens were disallowed and then allowed again. Apple looks like they do not have legal and execution discipline and is being caught flat footed. It is somewhat alarming that they have made so many mistakes (see Epic being revoked from their third party marketplace and then Apple being strong armed to re-allow because of a EU comment about investigation).

The idea that Apple is compliant with the DMA has yet to be tested. There are many direct statements by the enforcing commissioner and complaints from third parties that I think only a direct ruling will settle things.

I forgot about Prime Video purchases having a special back door deal for some of their purchases. I wasn’t referring to the subscription service but the purchase of digital books/movies. My point stands though. Digital goods could be sold and bought without special exceptions or loopholes from the 30% fee. That alone is a huge market opportunity.
They could partner with big industrial labs.
The comic is Creative Commons licensed - can you or someone else put this up on a hosting site?
The supply of money in excess of growth of the GDP is a satisfactory and reliable explanation of inflation.
„ A terrible terrorist attack. After the last terrible terrorist attack "Nord-Ost" we won in Chechnya. We are ready to win again.

Let's give the civilian population of Ukraine 48 hours to leave the cities, and finally end this war with a victorious defeat of the enemy. Using all forces and means.“

See https://t.me/kvmalofeev/2577, telegram channel of this guy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Malofeev
Agree. Quoting from above:

"The breakdown in representative surveys https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7801&id=6963 is more like 8.4% for unification now or later (mostly later), 25.3% for independence now or later (mostly later), 61.1% for not moving in either direction for now or forever"

These numbers will change considerably if China invades against China. The 61.1% are people who merely hope nothing changes ... they're in a bit of denial in other words.

Hong Kong is not particularly happy with what the Chinese did ... there's no second system there.
> The App Store could take a 99% cut, for all most developers care. The point-of-contention is Apple's lack of an alternative, which makes any percentage unsubstantiated because there's no way to deliver software at-cost.

There's a fine alternative I use, called SetApp.

Great deal too.
> We securely confirm our users’ identities behind the scenes and we do not share any personal details publicly or with employers.

I wish they gave more details on how this process works.
Alternate title: "How to scare an engineer in three words"