skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I've been an attorney for over 40 years. While I don't have answers to the political and moral issues involved, I can say with very high confidence that attending law school and passing the bar has zero to do with whether that person is capable of practicing law.

Law school does one important thing: teach how to divine legal principles from reading a written judicial opinion. And, correspondingly, that is the only skill the bar exam measures.

While certainly important, knowing how to read case law is a far cry from knowing how to practice law. There is only one way to learn how to practice law: and that is practicing law.

That is especially true of trial work, which I've done for over 40 years. In my opinion, it takes a minimum of 20 jury trials before an attorney even begins getting a faint idea of the art involved in winning trials; and then spending the balance of their career crafting the art.

The idea that law school or bar exams are essential in any way - either to the eventual lawyer or to protect the public - is way off target. Indeed the myth generated by every judicial branch in the USA that being given a bar card means the holder is ready to offer services to the public, is the most outrageous legal concept I have ever heard. IMO it should be illegal for any lawyer to offer legal services to the public the day after he/she was handed a bar card. That's how little law school prepares - and how poorly the bar exam measures - an attorney's readiness to engage in the actual practice of law.
> It's really not much of a time commitment. You can just lookup hardware with full compatibility and build a desktop that "just works".

Oh JFC. This canard has been floating around the about linux for 30 years, and it's always been a half truth at best.

Inevitably, it always comes down to "Cards with 2361YSE rev 5 chipset" or some other nonsense. Like that makes total sense for a kernel developer, but most people don't know what chipset they have in some peripheral.

So now you're left with assholes saying, "WeLL yOu ShOuLd gEt InFoRmEd. JuSt GoOgLe iT!", and it ain't that easy. If you can even find a brand name to chipset list, it's going to be out of date, or it's going to be something that says "2361Y" or "2361YSE rev 3" or something. Is that close enough to "2361YSE rev 5"? Who knows!

Then the best part? Even when you lookup the hardware with "full compatibility", you'll find that it actually isn't. Then when you ask about it, you'll get, "I just don't use that feature, and you shouldn't use it either."
Somebody has to be working on a Simcity or Civilization MMO.
I remember there being a fairly strict set of encoding tools and formats within the ATSC standards for broadcast video. I did a little searching (Wikipedia and atsc.org) but could only find mention of extensions to add H.264 and then only up to 1080p (in A/72), but nothing about H.265 of any resolution.

This is pretty cool but I'm wondering if it's compliant?
population is still rising into 2050 by conservative estimates, and it's not counting the energy requirements per person that's exploding.

on a century scale, we will fix this by either getting to space or having a lower population. but the pressure is going to crack our systems long before that. I'm still hoping we get better as pressure increases, but there's nothing in nature that says that has to be true. the system will correct itself but how we will look as a species on the other side can be vastly different.
Ask HN: How to get started with local language models?
I remember using Talk to a Transformer in 2019 and making little Markov chains for silly text generation. I've lurked in the g /lmg/ threads, installed the Umbrel LlamaGPT on a Raspberry Pi, and ran webGPU WebGPT (GPT-2) locally. But I don't know how anything works or how to do anything besides following installation instructions on GitHub. HuggingFace still confuses me; there's so much stuff out there to read through, and I have been lost since the release of the llama models. I heard about Mistral. I tried using the Mozilla Llamafiles since it was meant to be easy for the Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct, but apparently, windows won't run an EXE bigger than 4GB, so I have to do something about the weights, and I freeze here. I know where to look and how to learn about any other technology, but I'm completely lost for how to learn about local models when everything is moving so fast.

I'm missing something fundamental.
How can I understand these technologies?
I think u/credit_guy means that with Starship the U.S. could put a constellation of anti-missile missiles in orbit and keep them there for the long haul. If Falcon 9 can put up 5,500 sats in a few years, Starship could greatly increase the rate at which the U.S. can build not just comms constellations but also reconnaissance ("spy") constellations, missile defense constellations, anti-sat constellations, maybe even nuke constellations, who knows.

I suspect that missile defense constellations would have to be truly gargantuan though, because of some N thousand missile defense sats most will not be able to reach the missiles being launched at any given point, thus to counter a 1,000 ICBM/SLBM threat the missile def constellation might have to have 20x -maybe even 100x- that many space-launched anti-missile missiles. That seems prohibitively expensive even if internal Starship launch costs ever come down below $5 million each.
So now they are plagarizing concepts from chaos magick / neurolinguistic programming and presenting them as scientific breakthroughs they aren't.

The methodology of this study is highly suspect, for the other Americans without a sense of another vernacular language than English, the truth is that translation is an art with large margins of imprecision & artistic license surrounding it to accurately convey nuanced meanings between languages even of the same family or subfamily. Due to the way words and concepts associate with the other in both languages, a direct translation at best strips out the nuanced meanings of the text/speech being translated rather rudely and comes off dry and at times as gibberish. Determining such a nuance as that of "relativism" in perception of time would take some real masters of translation which no automated process, and likely no one involved in this captain obvious stunt, could ever hope to be.

Of course language shapes our perception of time, remember Karl Marx came up with the notion of historical materialism (his only worthy contribution) which says that our perception of reality is shaped by our material culture. It is hardly much extrapolation to extend that to appreciate that the way we interpret that material culture is shaped by the conceptual wrappers we use to describe it using whatever variant of monkey vocalizations we use to communicate with each other. This is also discussed in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (1200 years before Marx, why Indian philosophy gets no credit is beyond me but I appreciate it immensely thus credit it whenever I can), as is the next step that will take some other harebrained virtue signalling in the form of experiment to "prove" to the rest of society. That next step is that the word and the mental generalization (the world of forms the ancient Greeks obsessed absurdly about) are not reality, merely a flawed tool we use to address that reality and the object we intend and our own mind perceiving of that object and describing it in words exist independently of the word itself.

As for time, remember what the Romans wrote even on the walls of Pompeii, "Eat, drink and be merry! For tomorrow we dine in Hades!" Indeed, see you there.
Neither one is the right answer.

The right answer is that there's just not enough value in these delivery jobs to ever be enough to support even a lower-middle class lifestyle.

There is a zero-sum amount of value you can extract from a marginal order, and when you exceed it, you get the effect that is described in the article - e.g. people boycotting $32 fast food meals (or whatever it was) and demand collapse.
If you have good tests, you don't need to know the code as well.
At the end of the article, that's my takeaway too. I can't imagine going to this level of effort on the Vision Pro and not keeping it to see how the software develops.
Analog TV needs a lot more spectrum than digital TV, and in the US analog TV spectrum has already been reallocated.
A minute/mile fee are fees per order. Now the companies and employees are being punished as consumers are leaving. So, 40,000 app workers are impacted by the "helpful" bill.

But i wouldnt say the bill is the only cause of hardship, inflation has hit everything from doubling car insurance, and the companies costs for employees is probably a big issue also.
In Japanese, it's ノード, which is no-do.
I have maintained a widely used (250-500k+ unique ip dl/month consistently over the last 6 years) interactive terminal program that had essentially no tests of its interactive behavior. Building and restarting the program took a minimum 15 seconds no matter how trivial the change. It became an absolute nightmare to work with and I eventually stopped contributing because it was so frustrating to work with.

Writing good automated tests for interactive programs has to be done from the beginning or it will be almost impossible to effectively add later. To test an interactive program, you need to be able to simulate input and analyze the output stream. This can be done efficiently and effectively but again only if the program is designed this way from the beginning.

At some point, if they continue on this trajectory, I would expect zed will end up in a similar state to the program I described above. It will become extremely difficult to reason about the effects of ui changes and very painful to debug and troubleshoot. Regressions will happen because relatively common cases (say 1-5% of users) that the developers themselves don't regularly use will not be noticed. Bug fixing becomes a game of whack a mole as manual changes to fix one case break another without your noticing.

I hope they're able to avoid this fate because it was hellish for me.
This isn’t a mystery: we inserted a middle-middle man who extracts their own chunk of change.
To make Jira faster ?
Just curious, are you using old.reddit.com?
I think Hyperscript is easy to bash on due to it's _very_ different syntax than what programmers are normally used to. That said, I think it's a really nice way to add little pieces of functionality without needing to bring out the JS frameworks.

It should be remembered that Hyperscript is meant to be paired with a technology like HTMX. I don't think the creator of Hyperscript would be suggesting to anyone that someone attempt to create a web application out of pure Hyperscript.
Rich Hickey once said something in the midst of my “TypeScript, Haskell, la la la la la” phase:

> I like to ask this question, what's true of every bug ever found in the field? (It got written?) Pff. It got written, yes. What's a more interesting fact? (pause) It passed the type checker! What else did it do? (the tests?) It passed all the tests. So now what do you do?

The basic problem is that we really want tests to somehow specify the contract of the software, but when you are writing “given, when, then” the “givens” pin down too much of how it is done and the “when/then” is scoped to distinct sub-contracts of different parts so it pins down how the work was broken-down...

It hits like a syllogism, right? All tests are software, all software has scope creep, scope creep in testing is contract creep.
Not all read windows are placed at angles that need them. To ask this question implies you are letting the giant toaster model of vehicle obscure your memory that once there were vehicles shaped like beans and before them were actually appealing sleek muscle cars that guzzled the dinosaur juice like no tomorrow but looked like what we all spaceships to look like when the reality is shaping up to be even larger toasters that expand to full size only when in orbit.
This is ridiculous. Many countries will accept investors for passports beyond what is on this list. Also several countries will allow you to become a citizen if you have close ancestry there. Schiffsovereign has links to do it that don't cost anything.
I wish this were more popular. It could work for lawyers in a particular niche (entertainment law, insurance law) where the value of working for a couple years clearly outweighs the benefit of taking regular law school classes.

The main issue is the prestige factor. People will assume that you couldn't get into a decent law school if you went that route. Perhaps some students with sterling undergraduate credentials could try to break through and get jobs based on their undergrad connections.
Using LocalStorage in Modern Applications: A Comprehensive Guide
This artificial scarcity rationale is more of a conspiracy theory than realistic possibility.

It would require hundreds of thousands or even millions of construction workers to coordinate, and also have a way to prevent new builders from competing. If you really think it is true, you should go into construction, undercut the competition, and get rich quick.

The real answer is much more boring. High costs of land, labor, and regulation.

If you ignore these three things, you can build your own livable starter home for ~100k in materials.
> Why build a Linux box and be locked out of tools like Photoshop

That's what VMs are for. You're never really locked out. It may not make sense to go that way if Photoshop is THE thing you work with of course.

> when I could have UNIX workstation that ran commercial software

Because for lots of software MacOS is a second class system. Partially because there's just no way to test things on it without investing lots of money in hardware, so many people don't.

If you're doing lots of sysadmin / software maintenance style work, MacOS just provides unnecessary pain.
Regarding the quality of Google search results - I copied this comment verbatim into GPT 3.5, Claude 1, and Mistral small (the lowest quality LLMs from each provider available through Kagi) and each one explained Punycode encoding.
The hardest thing to do in space is cool off. The only way is through radiation (or maybe launching heat away in the form of hot stuff, but that's not practical at this time). That means that a laser weapon will need long cool-down periods.
My understanding is you get to keep the money. It just has to be invested in a local business that meets certain requirements.

Local consulting firms can build such businesses (for a fee), and they are generally profitable.
this was from my barbri class, hopefully you don't have to know that.
But what effect does firing rockets - or, for that matter, massacring a thousand civilians in their homes - actually has on the outcome of this conflict?

It's one thing to justify something as military necessity, but it's hard to see any in Hamas' actions. It certainly doesn't get them any closer to getting what they want. But it does cost them support that they would otherwise have. Furthermore, realistically, the best that Palestinians can hope for is some form of two-state solutions - "from the river to the sea" is not going to happen. But it's that much harder to argue for a Palestinian state if Hamas are the ones running it, given the kind of governance they have demonstrated internally, and the kind of brutality we've seen on Oct 7.
Ironically, there are opportunities to make the implementation of cond* nicer using pcase, like the big switch in the cond*-subpat function.

cond* could also be written in itself. One way would be to have a minimal bootstrapping cond* which handles just that subset of the syntax which is used in the implementation of the real, production cond*.
Me too because that sounds impossible to calculate.
I’ve worked with a scary number of people with law degrees who passed the bar and could not make a living at it.

Why will reputation matter in a few years? Our judges are elected.
I can't imagine what error message I'll get (or not get) if I have a typo in that DSL.
> law school certainly didn't give me any skills nor knowledge to be an attorney too.

Can I ask where you went to law school? Do you think your experience is common? I gained a lot of valuable skills and knowledge when I was in law school that I used in practice and still use as a founder. I could have learned this stuff elsewhere, but there's no doubt that learning it in law school is one (increasingly expensive) way to do it.
Tests are unbelievably useful for updating libraries. Every time I update rails I see a ton of specs fail all over the app highlighting breaking changes not mentioned in the docs. Stuff that is impossible to anticipate otherwise.
TBH, I've found there are people that can give great sounding answers that don't correspond all that well to reality.

There are also people who struggle to answer, because reality is more complex than what they can easily convey to someone who doesn't already know the domain.

There are pros and cons to both groups.
Poll: Is Dan Luu Right About Website Styling?
On a recent article [1] that hit the front page [2], Dan Luu made some comments [3] about his website's minimal styling:

> Just as an aside, something I've found funny for a long time is that I get quite a bit of hate mail about the styling on this page (and a similar volume of appreciation mail). By hate mail, I don't mean polite suggestions to change things, I mean the equivalent of road rage, but for web browsing; web rage. I know people who run sites that are complex enough that they're unusable by a significant fraction of people in the world. How come people are so incensed about the styling of this site and, proportionally, basically don't care at all that the web is unusable for so many people?

> Another funny thing here is that the people who appreciate the styling generally appreciate that the site doesn't override any kind of default styling, letting you make the width exactly what you want (by setting your window size how you want it) and it also doesn't override any kind of default styling you apply to sites. The people who are really insistent about this want everyone to have some width limit they prefer, some font they prefer, etc., but it's always framed in a way as if they don't want it, it's really for the benefit of people at large even though accommodating the preferences of the web ragers would directly oppose the preferences of people who prefer (just for example) to be able to adjust the text width by adjusting their window width.

Now, I trust Dan Luu; his stuff is meticulously done, even if I don't agree with his methodology.

But I do prefer a little more styling; I just checked my two main sites, and one has 9.3 kB of CSS while the other has 4.7 kB of CSS.

These are not "bloat" to the extent that he was testing, but according to Dan Luu, perfection is when there is literally no CSS. (I checked; his website has zero CSS on the front page.)

And he lays out a good argument for no styling: users can change it to how they want. This is good for many reasons, but top is accessibility.

Is Dan Luu right? Where is the perfect amount of styling?

Also, as a bonus, if anyone has tips about how to build a website that is styled, but overrideable by users, please comment below; I am building a web app, and I want it to be stylish, minimal, accessible, and hackable style-wise.

[1] https://danluu.com/slow-device/

[2]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39729057

[3] https://danluu.com/slow-device/#appendix-articles-on-web-per...
Yes, Dan Luu is right; he is a prophet, and you are a heretic for having *any* CSS at all!
Dan Luu is wrong, but your websites still fatties; keep it under 1 kB.
Dan Luu is wrong, and your websites are perfect at under 10 kB.
Just 10 kB? What are we, brutalists? The sweet spot is under 100 kB!
If there ain't a whole meg, it ain't a nest egg. You can use up to 1 MB.
I WANT ALL THE MEGS!
I’m the creator of hyperscript and I’m happy to answer questions. I know it isn’t going to be everyone’s cup of tea, it’s probably even more divisive than htmx, which I designed it to complement.

The big idea is a higher level and more expressive scripting language than js that embeds cleanly inline in html. It has integrated css query literals, relative location expressions (e.g. add .foo to the next .bar) and probably its most interesting feature, it resolves promises in the runtime so script writers don’t have to:

https://hyperscript.org/docs/#async

The syntax is based on HyperTalk, the scripting language for HyperCard, which was one of the first programming environments I used when I was young.

Again, not for everyone but I enjoy using it and intend on getting it to 1.0 this summer after I get htmx 2 out the door.
Even this "I hate investing time in proprietary technologies, because I know I can be stopped or locked out" is a hard-gained insight. Hackintosh is one of those things that made me understand this. Nothing like spending weeks to get your hackintosh working smoothly with all the hardware just to find out that the next update breaks everything. I've come to see it as a necessary part of the journey
I'm also a long time cannabis user and can't remember dreams at all with THC in my system. I'll vape/smoke/eat edibles daily for weeks or months at a time, then stop cold turkey. A few days after I stop, my dreams become super clear and vivid, and I remember most of the dream in great detail for days. This happens almost every night for the next week or 2 after stopping. It always happens every time I stop. Been doing this for years and I always look forward to stopping cold turkey so I can have those super vivid dreams.

I really enjoy the experience, but granted, none of the dreams were nightmares. I wonder if this happens to other people, and how badly it could affect people who use cannabis to suppress recurring nightmares.
And who evaluates the mentors of these apprentices? What if they are the Weinstein of legal practice? Or they have a tattoo of a bowling ball covering up the swastika they had done when they were 17? Or maybe it's the apprentice who has the tat, and is getting preferential treatment.

Just like utilities written in C, the fact that they have not shown obvious flaws yet is no guarantee those flaws don't exist.

Nah. The more objectivity, the better.
How do you plan to compete with the old school consultants like Henley etc.?
Reminds me of how financial newspapers often use a small "m" when describing millions of something. "$500m", or even worse "500m USD"... The engineer in me says that's 50 cents!
That hello world program is brutal. Truly, the language is the first of its kind.

Hopefully this helps fleets of developers bring their legacy code (more legacy than most of us can imagine) into a modern stack, and start applying modern SWE principles to it.
Please explain how something as inert as lead "leaches".
Not everyone can pass it though, which is the point.
Just because you learned some random fact in your bar prep class doesn't mean "The bar is bullshit" as you claimed. It means your bar prep class included information that wasn't strictly necessary.
This thread really has no purpose if we don't see it as enough of a problem to stand against. I really don't mean that to sound like I'm on a high horse (I'm sure it still sounds that way). There's nothing wrong with being okay with the trade offs, but we don't get to implement these features and complain about how bad they are.
Whatever it is, it sure sounds creepy.
If you have US citizenship, do any other countries unlock more travel destinations?

Do any non-US citizenships let you skip a visa and travel more freely than you otherwise could?

With additional citizenships, do you now have added tax obligations? The US always taxes you, even as an expat, IIRC.

If something bad happens abroad, which embassy helps you out?

Does getting another citizenship put you at risk of losing your original nationality?