skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Fundamental Math Dilemma
Does 35 divided by 7 mean 7 groups of 5 or 5 groups of 7?
Without any units, it means 5 groups of 7. This also makes sense when you consider modulus operator. 37 % 7 gives 2 meaning 5 groups of 7 with 2 remaining in the last group.
However, if we cover 35 metres in 7 seconds it means we covered 5 metres in 1 second and there are 7 such seconds ie 7 groups of 5.
Is there a way to reconcile these concepts or division can mean both depending on the context?
People are different, that is why flame wars like Emacs vs. Vi still exists. It is incredible that we tend to assume that there ahould be just one technical response to problems.
But I bet he still has his resume on LinkedIn. :)
> putting a small team of veterans on making the new system

I talked to someone who was leaving his job because he did this in order to meet a critical date for a product launch. The fact that his group of 3-4 people did what the company could not in a year ruffled so many feathers he said the board told the entirety of engineering that under no circumstance would anyone be allowed to dictate any detail of future projects.
> Lists and trees can be fully captured by sum and product types, but extending this representation style to DAGs and graphs doesn't work--you either get inefficiency (for DAGs) and then infinite regress (for cyclic graphs) attempting to continue the "syntactic" style of representation

You also need "inductive" recursive types to represent lists and trees, in addition to sums and products.

One way of representing the type of a list of T is like:

mu X.1+T*X

(Hence sum and product types, but also inductive or "least fixed point" recursion.)

But you can also use "coinductive" recursive types to represent "processes" (or "greatest fixed point" recursion) with almost the same notation:

nu X.1+T*X

This represents a FSM which at any point yields either a termination (the "1" on the left side of the recursive sum) or a value and a continuation (the "T" in "T*X" is the value and the "X" in "T*X" is the continuation).

This doesn't answer every question about graph representation, obviously, but it's a useful tool for attacking some graph problems you'd like to represent "syntactically" as you say (though you have to think in terms of "coinduction" instead of "induction" e.g. bisimilarity instead of equality).
The title of the post made me think it was going to be a blog post from a third party commentator. For OpenAI to write such a blog post is so petty and desperate.

It is clear that they are full of it.
If it’s at rest encrypted you generally do not manage to get 4TB of data before anyone notices.

If you're talking about your own personal hard drive in your home, yes.

But in this case, we're talking about a huge company conducting literally billions of database queries for tens of thousands of clients an hour.

You only have to have a listening post in one small part of the system that can see things in plaintext for a short time in order to accumulate 4TB in a matter of days.
Scans of Vertebrate Specimens Released
> I used OS/2 Warp which was admittedly very late to the party.

There were 2 versions branded "Warp", OS/2 3 and OS/2 4. Because you said:

> It had TCP/IP, a dial-up stack, Ethernet drivers etc.

... then I think you had 4. Quite a different beast, several versions later.

The main versions were 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.0, 2.1, 3.0, 4.0 and then some point releases for the server flavour only.

So it sounds like you came in right at the end, when it was a bit more polished. You didn't see the horrors of the earlier releases.

> I don't remember the desktop being at all worse than Win95.

It was a _lot_ more complicated. Warp 4 had a kinda-sorta taskbar and a hierarchical start menu thing but nothing earlier did. Warp 3 had a CDE-like Launcher floating bar thing.

2.0 and 2.1 had none: no dedicated app launcher at all. Browse the virtual filesystem to your app, or make your own.

The WPS desktop was weird and complex. No "OK" or "Cancel" buttons. You could only drag with the right mouse button, for no good reason. Strange "shadow" icons that worked a bit like symlinks/aliases/shortcuts but were more complicated in incomprehensible ways. A tree view separate from and disconnected from the filer view. Magic system folders you couldn't modify. Lots of weird stuff that was weird for the hell of it rather than any technical reason.

I bought it, I ran it myself, and I liked it, but it was much much more complicated than either Win9x or NT 3.x/4.x, and it didn't need to be.

> Silky smooth multi-tasking and didn't crash.

It was very smooth. It was also quite easy to crash: I played with Fractint a lot, generating fractals, and just changing to one of the undocumented screen modes reliably killed OS/2 with a kernel panic. Even in a full screen VM.

There was also a nastier kind of crash: a single global I/O queue, in a 16-bit process for most of the released versions. If that died or froze, your OS was still running fine but you could no longer interact with it in any way. Including to cleanly shut it down.

No networking as standard, no way to SSH in, no virtual consoles you could switch to with Alt+Ctrl+F2. Just a perfectly working machine that was no longer listening to the world, so you could only power it off and pray to whatever gods you had it would survive.

This failure mode, I think, is why Microsoft made Ctrl+Alt+Del a magic system-request keystroke that the shell could not redefine and no program could override or stay in front of. If your desktop or full screen session locked up or crashed, C-A-D put you back in control. OS/2 had no equivalent.

Only of course the marketing lizards made them change that later. >_<
I agree entirely, it's important to remember you're not alone in the struggle and it is 100% not personal. I started logging the jobs I've applied for and how they're going with a slightly modified version of the Notion template[0] to track what titles and companies I get best the responses from to help track the numbers.

[0] https://www.notion.so/templates/job-applications
It's because LinkedIn is old in terms of web-age. Really old. They, along with thousands of other companies, had the need for a reactive web front-end when JavaScript had not yet matured to where it is now.
I thought the creators of Rust were creator, singular, in Graydon Hoare. Are they involved with this?
not looking suspicious in ps aux maybe ? at the very least if you hacked into VM hypervisor
SF voters send clear message supporting more aggressive response to drug crisis
Wonder what the economics are if deep water ports around the arctic circle. Might be a modern gold rush of sorts to have that area of the ocean open for shipping year round and in a direct path over the pole.
It’s not that I’m shrugging bugginess off, I legitimately am not encountering these things. I restart Xcode maybe once every 1-2 weeks, if that. Maybe I’ve just learned how to not anger it?

Android Studio (IntelliJ) on the other hand I’ve run into mysterious things with fairly frequently, like it failing to install the app on the connected phone after hitting run for no reason or builds failing with bogus errors, requiring a project clean to fix. Its “smart” refactoring tools also can’t always be trusted to do the right thing, at least where XML UI layout files are concerned.
That's why I said it's an equation, a balance, if you will. Sounds like you are all the way over on one side. We need the Stallman's of the world but most people are not that committed to a single issue.

> The core misconception here seems to be the idea that there is such a thing as a honest for-profit corporation.

And I would say there's degrees. Even if all companies eventually slouch into a google-like organization, at least you can jump on the bandwagon until that happens and find another when it does. And maybe none of the wagons are headed to a strict privacy, user controlled data, and free-software utopia, but maybe not all of them are headed to Gomorrah.
1 & 2 are human behaviors, not a technology. You can argue that a tech promotes a behavior but this sounds like a boundaries issue, not a tech issue.

#2 I agree with you, again Slack is not perfect but better than email [my opinion]

#4 Slack has status updates, email does not. So you can choose to turn this off, again boundaries.
Sure, it ought to be clearer, but apart from maybe the first time, I still would have taken VC cash because it allowed us to do things we otherwise wouldn't have been able to try, and it was a fun ride. Even without any large exits, if you negotiate then you can still come out very well.

But, yes, people ought to go into it understanding which game they're playing, and understanding that your odds are different. Not least because it might make a difference in how you judge advice from your investors.

(There's also only one decision I regret us making due to investors being too willing to take risks; in retrospect I was firmly proven right but whether the board vote going the other way would have made a financial difference in the long run I can't say)
Google already has to implement bot protection for its ads.
> I don't want to affect someone's livelihood

press f to doubt
'Be' Is Nice. End of Story. – By Bradford Morgan White
this way of thinking is outright evil. literally everything can be used for crime, but what do we do when we get to the point where we're all naked and living outside and we realise that we can't ban rocks?
Spark: Real-Time GPU Texture Codecs
That, friends, is a "tell".

It shows they know they are raking people over the coals with intentional, preconceived illegal anticompetitive behavior written into their documentation.

Right from the playbook, they have a sweet marketing wrapup for when they have to walk back their preconceived illegal behavior to the minimum directed border.

Tech corps especially now do this as standard operating procedure (I mean Uber had entire divisions and armies of lawyers to bypass/obfuscate/delay imposition of local cab and labor laws). It's why you can't trust them with AI, personal information, AI, customer service, AI, following laws, AI, or anything.

I know Google in the heydey of the aughts wasn't as "good" as they tried to be, but at least the "do no evil" kind of kept them in check to some degree. But at some point they bought the corporation-formerly-known-as-DoubleClick, and I think in retrospect that was the beginning of the end of functional idealism in the internet.
> 1Mbps in Europe costs 0.08$

Per month?

Anyway, I can’t tell what your point is, but keep in mind that nearly all the complexity you discuss, and nearly all the hardware needed, applies to within-AZ traffic as well, and AWS doesn’t charge for that.
You certainly could amend the EU Declaration of Human Rights to protect abortion. My point is that, in Europe, courts have deferred to the democratic process on “rights.” The EU Declaration of Human Rights even contains an explicit provision, Article 8, addressing the “right to respect for private and family life.” The EHCR could have read that to imply a right to abortion. But they knew that’s not what that provision meant.

The EHCR did the same thing with same-sex marriage. It declined to read Article 12, which guarantees a right to marriage, to confer a right to same-sex marriages.
I don't know, personally I think it is an immense leap of logic to look at someone's surprise that a simple feature is missing in [another] language and conclude that they're saying the feature is unique or novel.
This whole post makes OpenAI look like a clown show.
We are in agreement that the image is shitty!
What is a font vs. a typeface? – The League of Moveable Type
I haven’t heard this one… can you elaborate?
LinkedIn comes across as a not-so-great company to work for. I find their product to be very toxic, off-putting and full of life coaches and scammers.
Public trust in AI is sinking across the board
Indeed he did resign - which is a significant difference.
Sure thing! The collaboration with ChatGPT was like having a friendly coding buddy. I threw in ideas, got feedback, and we built this tool together. We chatted about names, features, and even how to post it. It's like having an AI pal who's great at brainstorming and coding. Fun times!

^ asked Chat GPT to generate this from my earlier prompts :)

Some other notes, I am a developer who love to make usable products, and these years I learned the usability is most important especially when you are developing in the early stages of a product.
So I fed some ideas, asked suggestions, gave some tech stacks (for example, I asked chatGPT to not go with webpack, instead simply load React from CDN for quick iteration. and suggested memoisation on React to render things faster).
So process wise similar to any other product development, but it's like having someone listen to your feedback and instructions and do the work- I would like to call collaboration!
The ugly solution is Swift's if let x = x which is literally the same check, but in a more verbose manner.

Yes, compilers should be able to help in this and many other cases, and not just give up and force the programmer to do all the unnecessary manual work
No. It was removed from pretty much all modern web browsers. But not from the Windows file explorer. Maybe not even from Internet Explorer, since that uses pretty much the same technology under the hood as Windows Explorer.
Most of them don't - they are heavy particulates that fall to the ground.
AI Engineer is going to become about as descriptive as "full stack engineer"
That may be the goal now as they ride the hype train around “AGI” for marketing purposes. When it was founded the goal was stated as ensuring no single corp controls AI and that it’s open for everyone. They’ve basically done a 180 on the original goal, seemingly existing only to benefit Microsoft, and changing what your goal is to AGI doesn’t disprove that.
Is it truly designed well if you didn't find out the target audience and the tools they would be using to view that design?

I love good design. I really do. And it truly is a critical piece of good software. Yet the most painful experiences I've had in my careers are from working with designers who who push their idealized design philosophies onto a reality where they aren't the right answer. Designers need to be as focused as anyone else on understanding the customers and solving the customer's problems.
Japan retailers, restaurants ease up on dress codes amid labor shortage
My opinionated opinion: programming languages have three goals.
1) Be safe, don't make mistakes
2) Be expressive: The Sapir Whorf hypothesis
3) Be easy to use.

JavaScript (new) is +++2, and ++3 (to me). Java is +++1 & --2, -3.

Personally I like OO ("has a") but think Class-ification,("is a") is a big mistake.
Take a truck and a car. Start replacing the pieces of the car with pieces from the truck. When is a car not a car? Arbitrary. When does the car have a tail gate, a flat bed?

That is not a joke. Classes and Types are a way to think (Sapir Whorf) that makes you do strange things.

The interesting thing about Dada is the "borrow", "share" etc and seems very good. But then instead of wrapping it in a class can't we just use an Object?
Good post. Thanks!
> Just pay OpenAI a relatively tiny fee and you can generate tonnes of plausible spam designed to promote your product or service or trick people into giving you money. That's the primary problem we're facing right now.

Is content generation really the thing holding spammers back? I haven't seen a huge influx of more realistic spam so I wonder your basis for this statement.
Came here to say this, so just echoing.

A private banker and their team become problem solvers long term also almost like a modern butler servie. Have a kid that needs picking up across the country, they'll make it happen, or solutions to college applications, holidays planned, they're there to help.
I certainly think so. Or at least I find it very helpful to think about interface design that way. It's DLS's all the way down.
Not quite. A type renderer will cache the bitmaps for each individual letter so it only needs to calculate the vector to bitmap activity once for each individual glyph. This will also be the case if your SVG renders text as text (potentially with embedded fonts), but if it instead has that type as outlines then all the outlines need to be rendered and there’s no cache saving for typesetting, e.g., XXX
Hard to overstate the importance of this ruling. I had to go to the university’s library to read DIN and EN ISO standards but was not allowed to print… printouts only for staff and students due to licensing terms. Nearly every craft in Germany needs access to standards and probably pays 4 figure amounts per year.
Programming Concurrent Systems by Butler Lampson (2022) from Dijkstra Tribute
I don’t work at Amazon nor am I an accountant, but likely your intuition is correct. There’s this managerial accounting strategy called activity based costing (ABC) where you can better map costs (ie real money spent on stuff) to the company outputs; in this case data egress, but it works for all activities (server maintenance, programmer time, etc). You basically take a weighted average of the time and money spent on activities to understand the cost of those activities. This is how Amazon knows the costs of all its services.

The second question is a bit trickier to answer. Amazon has a lot of fixed costs and ABC is one way to allocate those fixed costs (fixed costs = servers). You can also do something similar for the revenues of different AWS services. However, managers will tend to look at revenues and costs together because teasing apart the different revenue streams and their allocated cost structures doesn’t match reality. If you go too deep into that rabbit hole, you lose sight of the true nature of the business. Which is “we buy a shitload of servers up front and rent them to you virtually by the second.” To answer the question, the egress revenue likely dwarfs all the other revenue generating activities at AWS, making the other services look “bad” when comparing revenue to costs. On paper, egress makes up substantially all profit for the business. But this is by design- executives believe that this business model captures the most value so they’re not that interested in jacking up other service costs because overall profitability will be less. Is there subsidization? Yes, but Amazon believes they have the better business by charging users like this vs pricing everything “fairly.”
While that is true it that has little to do with smog. Smog is air contaminants.
Deterministic-Simulation-Testing
By ignoring cryptocurrencies, you've missed out on over 10 years of progress in this space. We have things like zero knowledge notaries and data availability sampling proofs. Actively Validated Services are also a thing. Service providers stake some asset, and interested parties can challenge them at certain intervals to ensure that they are properly performing their duties. Through the magic of Merkel Trees, and soon Verkel Trees (basically Merkel tress, but using vector commitments for super fast proofs) challengers can demand that that service providers generate a proof that some data they hold matches some criteria. The nice thing about it is that because it's a zero knowledge proof, the challenger doesn't even need to know what that data is, and what they get back is a succinct proof that they can check very quickly, basically like checking an md5 some for execution correctness.

It's cool shit, you should really look into it.
No-code automation can be unopinionated and extensible
The download from filezilla-project.org even now has “bundled offers” at least for the Windows version (the Windows download page even has this disclaimer “This installer may include bundled offers. Check below for more options.”).
Until one writes a nontrivial program that properly handles -EINTR errors on every possible point, I don’t anyone should brag about their error handing prowess.

It is also hard to handle errors more meaningfully than instantly terminating the process at the first whif of something going sideways.

And once you do write such a thing, try making automated tests to exercise it!!

How many programs actually check the return value of close() ?

Sure, this sounds a bit Linux/POSIX specific. There are only a few billion devises running such code, perhaps I’m overreacting…
I'm coming from several languages (C, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Ruby, Python) and I strongly dislike the async/await thing.

At least let people change the default. For example

await {
// all the code here
// runs synchronously
async {
// except this part where
// async methods will return early
print("but not me!").await()
}
}

However the remark I make to people advocating for static typed Ruby holds for this language too: there are already languages like that (in this case await by default,) we can use them and let Dada do its own thing.
Tired Light
I worked exclusively in Vision Pro for a week–here's how it went
I also noticed this, along with the warnings that Dada doesn't really exist yet (which is fine, thanks for the heads up).

I predict this project will have its priorities backwards. There's a group of people who want to govern a programming language project, and inject their ideology into that structure, and maybe there's another group of avid language designers in there too. I think there are more of the first.
I always preferred working in Illustrator over Photoshop back when I did more design work, but then I was also almost always targeting print.
You seem to realize yourself that categorizing people just on race/gender isn't compelling, which is why in your examples you also add the economic conditions to make your point sound correct.

The idea you espouse, in practice, justifies injustice. It's asking children to pay for the sins of their parents. And everyone (even the people who supposedly benefit from this idea) will suffer as a consequence in the long run. You unwittingly sow the seeds of _more_ racial/gender animus, not less.
Is someone able to translate what moderates and progressives are please?
Is it still a quote in that case?
Yeah I get that markdown is included in its own block, was just thinking about the non-markdown syntax and really what the plan is in general - i.e. are you looking to keep pod6 compatibility or are you looking to use the overall style but maybe deviate from the some of the basic standards.
What we learned from C++ atomics and memory model standardization
As an avid fan of Rust, the Rust community is incredibly cringe about this topic.
Just for context, the quoted manifesto was originally written in French (https://monoskop.org/images/3/3b/Dada_3_Dec_1918.pdf). In that version, that particular sentence is gender neutral: "tout le monde fait son art a sa façon".

I would say that that their updated quote is a more accurate translation of the original than the English translation they initially used.
His answers on Quora represent a pretty extensive body of work. That's not true of his comments here (which are very appreciated, of course).

Quora's a better place, with a better UI, for that almost-blogging sort of thing.
the email evidence confirms that infrastructure is one of the strongest moats in this space. From Elon:

"Not only that, but any algorithmic advances published in a paper somewhere can be almost immediately re-implemented and incorporated. Conversely, algorithmic advances alone are inert without the scale to also make them scary."

This is reinforced by the fact that infrastructure / training details are much more sparse in papers than algorithmic adjustments.

It's all about 1. researchers (capable of navigating the maze and carefully chosing what to adopt from the research space) 2. clean data 3. infrastructure
I second the sentiment, however I'm not sure that the market is 'saturated' with talent. The need for productive devs remains there, companies just lack the investment money (and/or cannot spend it due to the US tax situation). Products, teams are struggling as a consequence.

The moment investment comes back, so will be jobs. In the end it's that easy.