skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The 1582 document establishing the Gregorian Calendar, "Inter Gravissimas", specifically says that Y2K is leap.

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Inter_gravissimas

"Next, so that the equinox will no longer recede in future from the twelfth day before the Kalends of April [i.e. 21 March], we decree:

that the bissextile day every fourth year shall continue, as the custom is now, except in centurial years, although these were always bissextiles before, and we wish the year 1600 to be bissextile as well;
after that, however, the centurial years that follow shall not all be bissextiles, only every fourth centurial year shall be bissextile, thus the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 shall not be bissextile. But in the year 2000, the bissextile day shall be added in the usual way, with February containing 29 days;
and then the same order of leaving out and adding the bissextile day shall be observed in each period of 400 years ever after."
> The presence of my Chinese aunties online is pretty terrifying

Yeah that was the line that puzzled me. I see your point better
now. Thanks for that.

Indeed, some of the things raised from that PDF maybe seem "silly" to
me too. But then that's the point. "To me". What I'm championing here
is diversity of worldviews.

To parody my own (male) mind I might say "Ah, cmon, threats to an
actual gas pipeline are more 'important' than feeling gaslighted
online". But then, maybe I'd miss that the cumulative effect on 100
million people not feeling safe to participate online is actually a
massive blow to the vibrancy of national life and democracy.

With this hybrid-vigour (Rebel Ideas [0]) kind of thinking, I want to
hear all views on what security means. So far I've found that it's the
women in the room who seem way ahead in moving from the traditional
military metaphor, of perimeters and offence, and we're actually
seeing that percolating through to mainstream thinking that is slowly
focusing more on "Trust" and relational cybersecurity, as with the new
NIST report this week.

[0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/52326253-rebel-ideas
LTCM wasn't caused by anything like mortgage-backed securites.

LTCM was doing ultra-leveraged short-term trades of various kinds. When they started these were arbitrages of various kinds so they had low risk and a solid edge but as more capital flowed into their fund, the capacity of those trades was exhausted and they put money into riskier other trades. Some of their counterparties were big banks who parked overnight funds in LTCM and then when they got spooked by some losses and yanked those funds, LTCM lost a staggering amount of money very quickly as a result and went bust. If you want an excellent book about LTCM, "When Genius Failed" is one of the best books ever written about the history of financial markets.

The origins of the subprime mortgage crisis were a lot more complicated than most people give credit for and in particular I really wouldn't take "the big short" as any kind of reliable guide. For a good critical view of the crisis written by someone who actually knows what they are talking about I would recommend "Fools Gold" by Gillian Tett.

Financial crises and crashes have happened since the dawn of human history and will probably continue to happen. Suffice to say that the 2008 crisis had nothing to do with thing things that caused LTCM to fail, and neither of them have anything to do with the insight behind the Black/Scholes/Merton model other than the fact that Scholes and Merton were I think on the board of LTCM.[1]

[1] Fun fact, the other one of the three, Fischer Black was a quant at Goldman Sachs. So there's your 2008 crisis connection[2]

[2] Or not. Fischer Black died in 1995.
Microsoft has indemnified customers who use its Copilot to generate code. If you use code generated by copilot and you're found to be in copyright violation, Microsoft will pay the fines for you.

"if a third party sues a commercial customer for copyright infringement for using Microsoft’s Copilots or the output they generate, we will defend the customer and pay the amount of any adverse judgments or settlements that result from the lawsuit, as long as the customer used the guardrails and content filters we have built into our products."

https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2023/09/07/copilot...
Maybe. But why should someone take the time to build a technolgoy intentionally without a practical use? With the same effort one can build a useful language, even adding new ideas that will advance development, which is also fun. But actually concluding from the article it seems the author was rather serious about his language; there is no indication he considered it not practical. But unfortunately there is no rationale or reference use case.

EDIT: I cannot believe my top comment was flagged. So have we already reached the point on HN where you are no longer even allowed to ask about the purpose of something or express an opinion?
Everything is on the LM-3 project web site (https://tumbleweed.nu/lm-3). :-)

The current HDL implementation though only works on a unobtanium FPGA board. We are slowly working on porting it over to something that can actually be bought these days. Help needed if you are keen on HDL hacking.
Video game consoles are seen by most people, and marketed by their manufacturers, as appliances for playing video games. iPhones and iPads, on the other hand, are seen and marketed as general-purpose computing/communication devices. It's unprecedented for such a non-appliance to be locked down like this.
>Microsoft's market share was well over 90% in the 90s. The iPhone's market share is 60%. Very different market dynamics.

Couldn't be more wrong. It's not even remotely comparable.

Yes Microsoft had a 90% OS market share but it was an open OS running on open HW platform wich had many players, so users had the freedom to install whatever non-Microsoft SW and HW they wanted on it and SW developers could develop software for it without needing Microsoft's permission for sales or distribution on their OS, or giving them a 30% cut of their profits (other than buying a MS Visual C++ license maybe).

While Apple might have an "only" 60% market share now (though it's currently 87% amongst US teens today[1] so it's only a matter of time till it reaches 90s' Microsoft levels of monopoly amongst US gen-pop) but it's a closed OS running on closed HW with attestation, so costumers and SW developers have absolutely no choice but to run only Apple approved content on them. Vastly more restrictive than what Microsoft of the 90's could even dream of.

>It was a lot easier to see how Microsoft was being mean-spirited for consumers versus Apple.

How? Just like Apple, Microsoft was only being mean spirited to SW and HW vendors and competitors, not to consumers.

[1] https://www.barrons.com/articles/apple-stock-teens-iphone-e5...
Why the 100x analyst doesn't exist
> face computer will ever take off for productivity, not as long as half of office workers spend huge amounts of time on hair an makeup to look nice at the office.

The hair and make-up thing seems like it'll be a thing. But the main thing is that it's just not a productive interface. It might be, eventually... but I doubt it. There's very little usability gain in distributing most "work" data in 3d like this. Most of us rarely need to track or navigate around three dimensions of data in real time, and when we do, 2d projections are usually enough.
> evaluate the content in context, the author is irrelevant

But the author is part of that context. Especially with this kind of content where one explains how they think people should behave we can ask the question if the author embodied the guidelines they are talking about, and if so where did it took them. Did they had an enviable life full of things the reader would find valuable?
Enforcing past behavior under laws that haven’t come into effect yet is not a great approach though…
> people copy paste GPL code all the time into their repo which they randomly chose a permissive license for

Althought at that point, a well-intentioned human seeing the repo would similarly be fooled.
> Git hews too closely to immutable history

Is it a bad thing? How can you have a consistent decentralized system without an immutable history?

If you alter a commit, you create a branch, it may not be explicit, it may be called another name, but there is no way around it. An altered copy of any kind is effectively a branch. In the same way, if I take your modifications to put them in my own workspace, then it is effectively a merge, no matter how you call it.

And long as you allow clones or even just backups, the history is immutable whether you like it or not. Changing a commit on your server won't change it from everyone's computers and tape backups, the real history is there, somewhere and no review is going to change that.

Git simply makes all that explicit. The history is immutable (it is effectively a blockchain), and every change is a branch.

Note: while the git history is immutable, the branch names are not, so you can simulate rewriting history by creating a new branch with the altered commit, and giving it the original branch name. The original branch will then be nameless, and may be removed from the server if garbage collection is active, but it won't make it disappear as it can still be present in clones.

As for change ids, it is not about commits, it is about tickets, something that git doesn't take care of, but it can be done at a higher level. Git only tracks changes, it doesn't care about your workflow. This is what Gerrit, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket/Jira, etc... are for.
I use SVN for game dev and love it. It just works.
How to use an Object Relational Mapper and never learn SQL
I wouldn't say the fanbase is arguing against it. Apple just have a good understanding of their average user. While you may have no issue installing unsigned apps and dealing with any troubleshooting, their average user, or most users, don't.

It's not to say they don't have a financial incentive to disallow app installs outside of their App Store, but there is a predictable cost in terms of support man hours and device troubleshooting they will incur in addition to lost revenue. So long as it is legal for them to continue business as usual, they have no incetive to allow it and the large majority of the userbase don't care.
There's two things in response to this:

Apple accrues benefit from having Spotify in the App Store because it makes iPhones better. An iPhone with no apps is less useful than an Android phone with many apps. This should be a win/win scenario where both parties get value from the platform (they do!)

Also - Apple is welcome to just charge a fee for the costs they feel appropriate for the development platform and App Store distribution. However, that fee (one-off R&D, and per-download bandwidth) seems pretty marginal. I wish Apple had the guts to actually charge everyone to Core Technology Fee (50 euro cents per download), rather than requiring EU developers to opt into it https://developer.apple.com/support/core-technology-fee/
I didn't say it was "out of spite", to the contrary, I said that the measures should have been (and could have been, given a different geo-political context) a lot harsher, such as trying to breaking up Apple's operations in Europe and more.

That type of action is off the table for the foreseeable future, and the same goes for the other big US tech companies that are operating in Europe in defiance of the spirit of EU laws, such as Alphabet and Meta (anything related to Musk is a special case because of politics-related concerns).
I find It fascinating to see the same-ish group of people arguing that "Algorithms cannot be patented" or "information wants to be free" or "free software, free access" and such, now turning 180° and demanding to control where, how and when information is used.

At the very least it's somewhat ironic. At worst it's plain hypocrite.
Your framing is disingenuous by trying to frame this as an uneconomic and non-rational fanboying.

I don't think you truly appreciate how comfortable I am handing my parents an iPhone, and how uncomfortable I was helping them with their Windows computer replete with multiple spyware browser toolbars back in the day.

The onslaught of quasi malware on their computers was sickening, and they'd always ask me about insane popups that would show up due to some pre-installed thing nobody had control over.
Yes, other things can be fun, they can even be fun while being practically useful, but this was still created for fun.
i do get quite psychotic sometimes, but i’m pretty creative too

haven’t heard this before, but i’ve never been to therapy
Eh, there is nothing particularly wrong with

#!/bin/sh -e
TARGET=../$(basename "$(pwd)")@$(date --utc +'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ').tar.gz
tar czf "$TARGET" .

You can even add a fourth line to upload it somewhere automatically...
Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon G12 laptop review: First major refresh in three years
EU fines Apple €1.8B over App Store restrictions on music streaming
Droughts will come again; there's absolutely no reason not to continue to encourage water conservation.
I liked the part where parents who actually listen to their children go to forums that are focused on the child’s problems, such as a forum for parents of drug addicts.
I find this argument kind of ridiculous - yes, app developers (such as Spotify) bring value proposition to Apple's products by being available on the platform. But, apps (such as Spotify) probably wouldn't exist and wouldn't have access to the immense value of an App Store and its tooling if Apple didn't exist.

Luckily, by custom there is another solution - respect each other boundaries and stop acting like whiny little children.
If you really need to get there quicker, there are a few companies offering motorcycle taxi services (where they ride and you ride pillion), which can make a big difference at times of busy traffic (though it does limit the amount of luggage you can bring).
There were, windows phone and android, but neither could prove the Spotify model that offering a free tier led to paying subscribers (and at least Android had enough market share for this to be certain), something their entire existence was built on and something the labels questioned a lot. People seem to forget this part entirely.

Now you could argue everyone on iOS would pay as happily on Android if there were no iOS, but then you argue fiction against reality.
My favourite response, if only for it's brevity, is now on a long-lost repo. The owner replying to a particularly snarky requester:

"If I was working for a big org like you, then I couldn't tell you to go f*k yourself. But I don't, so I can."
You weren't wearing your glasses in real life. That might explain the (apparent) bad performance of the lens compared to simulations? /jk
If there's also MPL 1.1 licensed code in the training set then you end up in an impossible situation where you can't comply with both GPL and MPL 1.1 at the same time.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_compatibility
Amazing idea and execution. Thank you for sharing.
New science! Cool :)

I really need to relearn some QM one of these days.
You can post the blog post as a regular submission, you can post whatever it is you want people to try as a Show HN, you can't post a blog post as a Show HN. That's in the thing I linked:

Off topic: blog posts, sign-up pages, newsletters, lists, and other reading material. Those can't be tried out, so can't be Show HNs. Make a regular submission instead.
I'm unsure what you're getting at, but when people sing copyright songs or act copyright plays that do, in fact, get a license. So yes, if you train a human on someone's copyright content I do expect you to have a license to it.

I'm sure you've heard of covers? Well every cover that is published affords a royalty to (at least) the original authors of both the lyrics and composition. The artist may get some money, depending on how the work was licensed.
Do socially maladjusted people exist in similar numbers everywhere and open source is just a great opportunity to make their presence (unintentionally) known? Or is there something unique to this realm that makes them more prevalent?
> but this was still created for fun

Why/how do you know this was created for fun? Are you the author?
It would definitely make things easy for competitors!
> for the services that have helped make them one of the most recognizable brands in the world

I'm pretty sure Apple did nothing for that, Spotify's own marketing did. It's not like people discover that Spotify is a thing thanks to the app store.
While they're not valid, I believe the browser will still respect non standard headings. The browser will treat them like non semantic elements (similar to a div), but you can kind of make it legit with a couple different aria attributes. I would recommend staying within the standard heading sizes though.
By that logic geocentrism was also accurate.
The US doesn’t need Airbus. Europe needs American tech.
The most physically demanding jobs in America
Surely Spotify wouldn't be able to publish if it wasn't paying $100/year fee to Apple. I guess $100 is nothing to Apple.
On Steam there's a separate "recent" rating. I think SE/SO would benefit greatly from it as well. Allow people to set in their preferences to disregard old scores and use only the new score.
Video games are not general applications, but a niche set of applications.

The tradition I look into when downloading Spotify is WinAMP, VLC, FileZilla and the like.
rather infamously, “it depends!”

https://www.npr.org/2015/09/23/442761620/after-copyright-rul...

https://variety.com/lists/song-copyright-infringement-cases-...
I went through this in my job where the (very) old school boss kept everything as business cards and the CRM consisted of outlook contacts with zero context on who they were and what they did.

HubSpot free has done a decent job of bringing this into the 21st century, in a sort of workable manner.

But equally interested in something self-hosted. (And have played with a couple SH ERP systems such as Odoo, but haven’t been sold on the UI)
I use this - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07LBLWYZF
To reduce the cost of the gaming console, does Apple loose money on selling iPhones?
This is the gist of it, I believe. Too often I see "sprinkle some k8s" on it to fix a problem

... when the problem was lacking config management. They overshot; use the right tool for the job
I am most interested to see if the M4 chip will dramatically improve performance of local LLMs.

I like M1 Pro so far with models up to 30-70b parameters, but the memory bandwidth is my current limit.

With a large jump in unified memory and bandwidth we could see 120b parameter models running on a laptop.

As a side note, why does Apple continue to reference the Intel MacBook Air... It's over 6 years old now, no shit this new CPU is 16x faster...
I am actually doing exactly that to manage my personal KeyPass database, down to using "x" as the commit message; it works reasonably well since GitHub allows you to download files with just HTTPS.
Shouldn't this be an option in the browser print dialog instead?
While audio equipment and algorithms don't care about nice-looking numbers, I think the actually useful property is that 48000 has more favorable prime factors 44100 which can be a useful property for resampling and other tasks.
Discontinuation of Cwicly Development (WordPress Page Builder)
Recent human experience. Local climates were never in steady-states during human experience. California is a great example: during the industrial age it's been in an unusually wet period.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughts_in_California

> Drought is intrinsic to the natural climate of California.[6] Across the Californian region, paleoclimate records dating back more than 1,000 years show more significant dry periods compared to the latest century. Ancient data reveals two mega-droughts that endured for well over a century, one lasting 220 years and one for 140 years. The 20th century was fraught with numerous droughts, yet this era could be considered relatively "wet" compared against an expansive 3,500 year history. In recent times, droughts lasting five to 10 years have raised concern, but are not anomalous. Rather, decade long droughts are an ordinary feature of the state's innate climate. Based on scientific evidence, dry spells as severe as the mega-droughts detected from the distant past are likely to recur, even in absence of anthropogenic climate change.
So what would make a theory wrong then?
Thanks for following up.

I agree, however say Google and Apple have very few of these despite being disproportionately targeted. Doesn’t mean they are doing enough. But it sure as hell makes a difference. In ~15 years my gmail has never been leaked or hacked. That’s better than having an unprotected DB leaking every customers credit score, like we’ve seen.

Certainly this audit-, certification- and checklist based security is a joke. Security isn’t a patch-work. It’s not separable from software development, and cannot be a separate process/workstream either (a thousand faint gasps ring out from middle managers across the enterprise world).

Anyway, I’m rambling. I guess I wanted to say that I’m optimistic for the long term. We’ve already made some significant progress in the last 10 years, for the better. I expect that to continue slowly.
This is just showing poor understandings of personal boundaries.

Yes, Apple is piggybacking on various ISPs infrastructure. That is a deal the ISPs explicitly allowed everyone to do and marketed as a selling point for others to use in their services.

Apple is simply trying to enforce its own boundaries which it established before Spotify came into the picture.
OpenAI, facing SEC probe, to name new board members within a month
Yeah, what would we do without Windows, Facebook and Instagram stealing our personal info and pushing us ads? /s
Its a common thread with the expectations of "Well I have gotten everything for free up to this point, why don't I get all your time and energy for free too?"

I love contributing to OSS but I don't even contribute to MIT stuff just because every corporation doesn't deserve your work scot-free.
Planes, Ferries and Automobiles – How I Hacked Free Travel Across Iceland
> Why does Apple feel entitled to get anything from Spotify?

Apple has argued they do not sell a piece of hardware, but a platform. It includes hardware, software, and a marketplace (like a video game console like others have said). Apple will also say that they have cultivated the platform to have the most affluent users (like a console again). This shows up in the stats. Even with iOS having a minority marketshare in the EU, all developers want to be on it because that is where the money is. What is access to a market and platform like that worth? Apple thinks 15%-30%.

Yes, it has been symbiotic between Apple and devs, but Apple has done something that differentiated it from Android wrt the type of user. Otherwise, all the devs could have left and Apple would have been forced to change long ago.