skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: How to learn web development as a firmware developer?
I write C/C++ at my job where I develop firmware but I want to be able to quickly make useful/interactive web apps so I can charge people to use them. Which framework would you recommend to get started?

A lot of the discussion I've seen online is about how "lightweight" a framework is. I don't really care about that I just want to be able to learn and iterate quickly.
Reminds me of an Otamatone!
Secret cinema Bridgerton was good https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/cinema/secret_cinema_bridge...
R is the PHP of data science. It is productive, it has a large ecosystem, lots of functionality, but it grew fast and organically and not in well planned manner, making it not consistent and a bit messy to work with.

If you have to use R, use the tidyverse.

https://www.tidyverse.org/

I like R and use it often as it find it more concise to work with than Python for simple statistical purposes. I forced myself to use R instead of spreadsheets and don't regret it.

This is one the reasons why (thanks, Zed Shaw)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110702162929/https://zedshaw.c...
I have heard the editor count at Wikipedia has been shrinking for years. Might have been wrong though
All OS’s being required to be memory safe would mean some major changes to linux that I just don’t see a path to from today.
The main problem with this is that half of the infections are asymptomatic. So in the places where immune compromised people go (which is quite a chunk of people about 1 in 50) become really unsafe as they are only getting the benefit of one way masking and people are assaulting those wearing masks. They are being denied access to hospitals and dentists for example as staff refuse to protect them. This has caused an enormous amount of people to be excluded from many public spaces. They are suffering all the consequences of these decisions and being forced into their homes and away from medical care among many other services because people refuse to help.

Covid is going to be an all year around infection that hasn't at any point dropped below 1 in 80 people carrying it, we need to use HEPA filters and UV light to clean the air indoors and adopt masking as a mitigation until we have better vaccines or treatments especially for Long Covid.
Or just maybe —and bear with me here-- there’s a place in the universe for both for-profit entities, and entities set up with different goals?

I’m no Musk apologist, but the idea that he’s inconsistent or a hypocrite because he’s expecting OpenAI to stick to their founding principles whilst also running for-profit companies in highly competitive markets, is just bizarre.
7.6% in the USA if you were wondering (Tesla a little more than half the EV total). https://www.coxautoinc.com/market-insights/q4-2023-ev-sales/
And yet ITER is the only serious attempt at fusion research for power generation.

NIF is a nuclear weapons research program, as are all other (non-scam) ICF designs. Other MCF designs are either more-or-less legal scams (such as the MIT-derived startup claiming to build a working fusion power plant by the end of next or year or so), or woefully under funded.
Most companies have very low IQ. Don’t expect any strong reasoning from them.
Good book, but it has the same formula as most Christie books: slow burn all the way to a huge pay off. The slow burn is usually too much of a slog for me. Two of her books are exceptions to that formula though - ABC Murders and And Then There Were None. Because those two aren't slow burns, they are my favorite Christie books.
Watching him has been watching the second system effect in real time.
I follow him and coincidentally (or not, maybe there's some correlation with this coming back to HN?) he posted a video last week with sort of an epiphany.

According to him, he realized he's been trying to engineer a functionally perfect machine this whole time, and that's pointless, because it's never been about the machine function, but about the artistic expression of creating such machine.

From this, he derived that instead of optimizing the machine for function, he'll begin optimizing for fun, looks and generally the "cool" of the machine. I'm excited to see what's going to happen from now on.
Unpkg serves whatever is published to NPM, and if it's a library intended for the browser, that often includes minified versions ready for use in script tags, for example, https://unpkg.com/mithril@2.2.2/mithril.min.js. Sometimes the default export is CJS (which has require() calls), in which case, you can usually use the browse url that I mentioned to see if there's another export you can use.

https://esm.sh/ is definitely a good option too if you're OK with modules.
“Guns don’t kill people, people kill people” (with guns) :)
And with similar knowledge and care, C can also be safe; after all, memory safe languages can be written in C.
In case this is useful to anyone, there's lots of digitised newspapers freely available in the Library of Congress: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/
What stops fusion from scaling up by building more plants instead of larger plants?
German does have an “it”/a neutral grammatical gender, but many languages don’t.

I wonder how it feels like to learn a three-gendered language coming from one only having two or even one/none.
Background information: Reporter's privilege in the US https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter%27s_privilege

Internationally, United Nations, Council of Europe, and OSCE recognize journalists' right to protect their sources. The European Court of Human Rights has established source protection as essential component of freedom of expression in several cases.
The best minimal phone is a cellular smart watch.
The problem is people are infectious for up to 16 days and almost all are still infectious on day 12. Its not a policy based on the reality of the virus or the disease it causes.
If only there were some way to use harder materials like metal on metal instead of rubber on asphalt. One which doesn't ablade as much. Of course, you'd need to have some system of metal lines on the ground, and have vehicles with matching metal wheels. Those vehicles would be confined to run on these metal road line things, but you could put them in areas where there area lot of people in a small space and people could use them to move from place to place. I know it's a crazy idea so it'll never work but just wonder with me for a second. What if we could build such things? What a wonderful world that might be!
These days it’s surprisingly hard to write memory-unsafe C++ code for not-so-trivial programs. There are still things that can trip you up, like views.
This is proven false by many of his behaviors, like sabotaging high speed train projects with dumb car tunnels. This was a blatant misuse of his reputation at the time to make society worse for saving his business interests. Mars talks were nonsense. FSD was a lie. Tesla is a business success but in the end it’s just cars. It’s improving humanity as much as an iPhone. So no he is only after power, helping humanity is just his marketing angle for gullible geeks.
Training large language models takes an enormous amount of data. Ideally, multiples of Wikipedia and public domain content. Plus you want high quality data, so if you're going to pull in Reddit or something you need some way to separate factually accurate comments from garbage trolls.

Using output from ChatGPT is one way to generate a large volume of high quality data. But this is expressly forbidden by OpenAI's terms of service so you can't advertise the fact that that you're doing this. OpenAI is on shaky ground if they go to sue though, because so much of their training was done on copyrighted material that they hadn't gotten permission to use to begin with.
A broken vintage piano turned into an analog hybrid of 20 instruments
Yes, they do shape America--by making it poorer, more socialist (but I repeat myself), and less unique i.e. more like the rest of the world--low-trust societies with rain-soaked garbage strewn everywhere
Sorry I forgot we're not allowed to criticize open-source maintainers ever. But as a library author myself, it takes less than 10 seconds to add such a section in my README.
The clang driver is particularly bad at this. There is a frequent 'just add one more thing here!' in every section of the driver. Additionally, it is large, somewhat complex, and not very exciting, so those refactors/simplifications don't happen nearly as often as other parts of the clang code base.

The tablegen/macro-gen stuff DID get added at one point fortunately, but before that it was pretty rough as well.
You can refill the jars at the nearest railroad tank car, they don't have to go all the way back to the tomato factory.
Iirc it would affect all current OSes except maybe some experimental/toy ones.

Ring 0 may get smaller and smaller but it’s still there.
I remember encountering Bob many years ago at the Dayton Hamvention. He was an incredibly kind individual, and I vividly recall how he crafted an adapter cable overnight for my friend's then-new radio and microphone. His generosity and expertise left a lasting impression. Rest in peace, Bob.
If you're more accustomed to backend, perhaps you can try first to use the "all-in-one" Python frameworks like streamlit, Panel, etc

Then if that's not enough you can take a look at something like Django (if you want to continue Python) or Expressjs / Nextjs (if leaning towards Typescript)
And programming becomes a licenced profession!
It’s a lot cheaper to set up something like this in a virtual space - it also takes up a lot less space.

VCV Rack 2 is a free way to very closely replicate the experience of building eurorack module synthesizers - without the cost of buying all the rack gear, and without needing to devote space IRL to assembling and organizing all the parts.

I could imagine a similar approach for designing and operating musical marble machines like this (in fact I’d almost be surprised if something doesn’t already exist, akin to roller coaster tycoon’s coaster design tools!)
Moving which letters are the most frequency would help tap encoding but the much worse Morse encoding more than accounts for this.

With tap encoding you need 1 unit for tap, 1 unit for pause between sections and 2 units for pauses between letters. Thus A is 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 5 units 2 letters take 6 units, 2 letters take 7 ... etc and only one Z takes sits at 5 + 1 + 5 + 2 = 13. (The exception is C and K share the same encoding at 1 + 1 + 3 + 2 = 7 units.) Average is ~9 units before considering letter frequency.

For Morse the best you can do is tap and 1, 2, or 3 units of time for pauses. Let's assume tap takes 1 units. Pauses between dot's and dash are the most common pause so that's 1 unit. The pause between taps on a dash the next most common and uses 2 units, and the pause between letters is 3 units -1 because you don't need the short pause after a dot or dash.

In effect a tap is 2 units (tap pause) dash is 5 units (tap, pause, pause, tap, pause) on it's own and every letter has a penalty of 2.

So E is now easily beats tap encoding at 2 + 2 = 4, T is (5 + 2) = 7, but things get much worse, The reasonably common C is 5 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 16. With the worst case Q sitting in at an abysmal 5 + 5 + 2 + 5 + 2 = 19. And that's if you can keep all the taps and pauses strait, I would be shocked if most people could actually pull off Q most of the time.

Feel free to do the time calculation on this sentence for each encoring, Morse code ends up far worse.

PS: Did some editing in the first 16 minutes after posting.
Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with nanowire single-photon detectors
You can argue whether or not the contempt is justified, but if your default position towards others in your field is "they're incompetent and just want to generate work for others", I'll be taking what you say regarding whether or not a given thing is worth working on with a grain of salt.
I am confused by your responses because the "reborrowing" mechanism in the Rust compiler is pretty widely discussed.

https://smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps/blog/2013/11/20/par...

https://haibane-tenshi.github.io/rust-reborrowing/

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62960584/do-mutable-refe...

Meanwhile, you are insisting on reasoning about Rust from first principles and making lists of links to documentation that is, at best, tangentially relevant.

For example, the fact that `&T` implements Deref is not relevant here. Applying Deref::deref to a &T returns a &T. For most intents, it's a no-op.
Mkdocs Material: Insiders
The mentioned price ($400) seems rather low for a new entry phone. I’d rather they charge a little more to give themselves financial to enable faster manufacturing and snag free deliveries.
> [EVs] played a significant role in keeping oil demand (in terms of energy content) from rising above pre-pandemic levels.

Oil demand increased by 2.4% from 2022 to 2023 according to the IEA's own report [1]. In what world is an annual increase considered "curbing demand"? This is twisting the meaning of words to an extreme degree.

The time series analysis in question uses the unrelated pandemic dip to cherry-pick a time period that looks most favorable to EVs. The article makes no mention of the recent annual change (which is the only thing caused by new car sales), taking pains to avoid it.

I'm rooting for the EV transition to work, I really am. But we need to be brutally honest in the assessment of our progress or we'll never get there. A little light greenwashing can be hugely detrimental to our cause; we have a moral obligation to do robust scientific inference.

I have no way of knowing if the omission was intentional or an oversight, either way it undermines the validity of the message.

[1] https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-2023
Unfortunately there is no separate Earth for the "advanced economies" only. The Earth is shared and the emissions are shared, and the resulting greenhouse gasses are shared and the resulting temperature rise is shared. And so far if we skip numbers which can be fudged and manipulated straight to the actual measurements of the atmosphere, and not some "estimations", they show that GH gasses in the atmosphere are only ever increasing.

Nothing to celebrate really.
Could you kindly share a link?
You know, that's actually surprising to me. I would have thought we'd see more EV minivans before so many EV SUVs - given how low the minivan center of gravity is already and the lack of necessity for speed/acceleration tuning.
Groq launches developer playground GroqCloud
Air Force, not Army.
I posted something three days ago about memory safety that I feel like basically could be echoed here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39542875

Albeit modulated since I'm sure lcamtuf is not actively advocating for memory unsafety the way I'm sure some people are.

But I don't understand why anyone is bothering to state any objections to memory safety. Modulo the issue of old code bases in memory unsafe languages that can not be simply discarded or rewritten... I personally have done translation projects between languages, I am well aware of the costs involved and freely acknowledge them... there simply isn't any argument in favor of memory unsafety. There's no benefit to having memory unsafety around. If anything memory safety is a positive benefit, or to put it another way, programming in a memory unsafe language is positively harder than a memory safe language.

The proof of this is the existence of the "unsafe" package/module/library/whatever that exists in your language, meaning that you can selectively call out to it whenever you do in fact need to. That means the rest of the time you don't.

So why give any cover to memory unsafe languages? There's simply no argument for them. You do not need a language that lets you access outside of array bounds. You do not need a language that lets you run a pointer everywhere without regard for bounds. Even if you need bounds check removed or something, you only need it in a particular tight loop, not pervasively throughout your language. There is nothing, no positive advantage they offer that overcomes the overwhelming, massive costs they've concretely imposed on society as a whole.

And I'm Mr. Everything Has Costs And Benefits. But the benefits are so, so wispy here and the costs so large and concrete.
It's interesting to contrast a "Forth OS" with a what might be considered a more conventional one. And by this I'm talking about early small machine systems like CP/M and its contemporaries.

At a fundamental level, you had a kernel of some kind, and free space within which programs could be loaded and executed. With a Forth, you could get that with about 6K of total overhead.

One of the big contrasts is that with Forth, at the time, programs were loaded from source code, whereas everyone else used binary code. But another interesting aspect was that in Forth, when you were done with a program, you had to free up the space, if necessary, to run another program. In something like CP/M, when a program was exited, the OS reclaimed the space, and, to run it again, the program would have to be reloaded from storage.

The next big difference was the file system (or lack thereof). Forth does not have a file system, it simply organizes storage as a sequence of 1K blocks. It was common to have "table of contents" screens to track where programs were stored on disk, these all had to be manually maintained.

CP/M had a much better file system, but its interesting to contrast it with the UCSD P-System, which had a very crude file system. While it indeed had named files, it suffered from requiring them to be contiguous, and really only allowing one file to be written at a time (not exactly true, but only one file could grow freely at a time -- the file "at the end"). However, reorganizing, and compacting free space was a routine task under the P-System.

The Forth system being rock simple was quite easy to make a mistake and lose data, for example if you were relocating source code to make new space, you could easily overwrite something accidentally, since you were responsible for the actual disk locations of the operation.

The final nice feature of the Forth system, speaking of disk blocks, was the crude virtual memory system. Here, disk blocks were arbitrarily mapped to memory buffers, with a simple LRU system, and dirty buffers automatically being flushed back to disk. This made persistent memory mechanics quite easy to use.

Of course, for most micro users this was not as hazardous, as most of the work was done at the "floppy" level in contrast to working on a hard disk with 5000 screens. But that was the reality of native Forth systems of the day, and folks just worked with it, and leveraged it to get work done.

The idea of those basic ideas being scaled up to a modern machine with GB of RAM and enormous hard disks is an interesting curiosity. It certainly gives you a lot of room to be sloppy. Such a system wouldn't happen, the frugal nature of those early Forth systems was no longer required, so adding complexity and space to make the userland more friendly is worth the investment.
For example this study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658713) mentions that "Providing pasture to hens yields egg yolks with a lower omega-6:omega-3 (n-6:n-3) ratio and significantly greater vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotenoid content compared to egg yolks from caged hens".

Also the colour of the yolk is a lot darker - more orange than yellow - and it has better structure - doesn't break so easily when ie baking. And of course the taste is better but then we come back to the subjective part again :)
Yes and every middle- and high-school kid with a "dumb" cell phone could text without looking, holding the phone under the desk or in a coat pocket and using T9 code.
Digital Watermarks Are Not Ready for Large Language Models
> are you saying that tobacco and alcohol are also drugs?

Yes.

> Tobacco should also be criminalized and hard liquor restricted

I want to ban crotchetiness.

> Since you haven't tried it, I don't get why such fuss about it

Have you tried every hard drug?

> LSD is irrelevant for the problem of drug addiction and legalization

Yet you still want to ban it.

> the good ole "trust the experts" logical fallacy

Over zero or hyperbolic evidence, yes. This is rational.

Also, you’re arguing against argument from authority by arguing for continuing to ban already-banned substances? You’re on the authority’s side!

> Why not? I would consider that a compliment

This is fair, but you shouldn’t have an input on policy. Society is not a misanthropic enterprise.

> useless people

I’ll choose the world with Steve Jobs, Paul Erdõs and Robin Williams over a hardline Sharia vision of humanity.
This might also be useful, although it is a paid product https://anvil.works/blog/build-a-web-ui-with-python

Take a look at Flask too if you want something easier to use than Django
Yeah, my thought/question is more about doing so ergonomically. Because C++ has encapsulation and operator overloading, you can make it very ergonomic to write memory-safe code.

I think it's very difficult to do the same with plain C. It's probably possible to make it less painful with macros, but doing so builds something more like a DSL atop of C, and would frustrate IDEs that don't understand the conventions.
They are saying that the Greshgorin theorem that the OP is talking about is simple to prove, not the Polya conjecture that took 70 years from the article.
It’s the fifth that mainly comes into play; you CAN be compelled to testify; just not against yourself (or close family, etc).

(The case is weirder in that it’s basically a suit against the government that wants the info revealed, not the government. Obviously the judge wants someone higher than him to rule on it.)
Break pads also.
But from my understanding:

- AWD, especially of the fancy computer controlled type, in electric cars is much easier to produce, since you don't have to mechanically transfer power to all the wheels, and should decrease tyre wear end emissions by spreading the load from acceleration to all the tyres

- brake pads also a significant source of similar pollution, and there has been an effort to make them rely more on adhesive friction, decrease metal contents and what not, so maybe something similar is possible/being done already with tyres. Also, regen braking is probably more gentle on tyres and does not use brakes at all, so it's a win-win also.

Though both of those might be cancelled out by evs being generally heavier bc batteries and what not.

People being unable to install obnoxiously loud exhaust is a plus too, wish the same was true for obnoxiously loud sound systems.
Not an expert, but this paper explores double descent with simple models. The interpretation there: when you extend into the overparameterized regime, that permits optimization towards small-norm weights, which generalize well again. Does that explain DD generally? Does it apply to other models (e.g. DNNs)?

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.14151.pdf
This seems more practical though, providing access to the full play store rather than crippling user functionality.
Thanks! I'm positive I submitted the URL with the line number, but it's possible HN removed it for spam/remote execution filtering or something.

This very interesting behaviour of clang actually comes from several other places as well.

`IsClangCL()` that returns true if the driver mode is "cl": https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/8ec28af8eaff5acd0d...

`setDriverMode()` which sets the above: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/8ec28af8eaff5acd0d...

This line that actually sets the triplet, the object format, etc: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/8ec28af8eaff5acd0d...

Notice how `IsClangCL(getDriverMode(ProgName, ...))` is called in this line: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/8ec28af8eaff5acd0d...
I wish there would be a flattened alternative in order to read the text without distractions.