skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
What do [PQ] SSL/TLS Accelerators and ML Accelerators / AI Accelerators cost these days, post Proof-of-Work mining (with and without ASIC resistance)?

ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific_integrate...

FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array

Graphcore IPU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphcore

"Intel’s Exascale Dataflow Engine Drops x86 and von Neumann" (2018)
https://www.nextplatform.com/2018/08/30/intels-exascale-data... :

> The new architecture that they have dreamed up is called a Configurable Spatial Accelerator, but the word accelerator is a misnomer because what they have come up with is a way to build either processors or coprocessors that are really dataflow engines, not serial processors or vector coprocessors, that can work directly on the graphs that programs create before they are compiled down to CPUs in a traditional sense. The CSA approach is a bit like having a switch ASIC cross-pollenate with a math coprocessor, perhaps with an optional X86 coprocessor perhaps in the mix if it was needed for legacy support.

> The concept of a dataflow engine is not new. Modern switch chips work in this manner, which is what makes them programmable to a certain extent rather than just static devices that move packets around at high speed. Many ideas that Intel has brought together in the CSA are embodied in Graphcore’s Intelligence Processing Unit, or IPU. The important thing here is that Intel is the one killing off the X86 architecture for all but the basic control of data flow and moving away from a strict von Neumann architecture for a big portion of the compute. So perhaps Configurable Spatial Architecture might have been a better name for this new computing approach, and perhaps a Xeon chip will be thought of as its coprocessor and not the other way around.

FWIU the Intel 486 / 487 was the first CPU with a math coprocessor.

Coprocessor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprocessor

With some newer architectures, the GPU(s) are directly connected to HBMe RAM; which somewhat eliminates the CPU and Bus performance bottlenecks that ASICs and FPGAs are used to accelerate beyond.

High Bandwidth Memory > Technology > HBM3E:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Bandwidth_Memory#Technolo...

AI Accelerator: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_accelerator

Dataflow architecture:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataflow_architecture

Massively parallel processor array:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_parallel_processor_a... :

> MPPAs are used in high-performance embedded systems and hardware acceleration of [various workloads], which otherwise would use FPGA, DSP and/or ASIC chips.

> These processors pass work to one another through a reconfigurable interconnect of channels.

"A PCIe Coral TPU Finally Works on Raspberry Pi 5" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38310063 :

> An HBM3E HAT would or would not yet make TPUs more useful with a Raspberry Pi 5?
> They should never be considered "investments", in my opinion.

100% agreed. The idea that you should be able to buy property, do nothing with it (or worse - use it and incur depreciation), and still resell it for a profit, is a major flaw in our economic system.

The fact that we accept this for property is part of the reason why we have a housing crisis that likely is never going to go away. We might have been able to address this with more supply, but we now have to battle investors who are incentivised to perpetuate the housing shortage to prop up their investments.
It’s originally British and was slightly derogatory there: https://amp.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/oct/01/guardian...

When used in American English I think the derogatory aspect is no longer present but that’s my opinion
Staring at one of his paintings of rectangles at Musée des Beaux-Arts in Paris was when I felt like I for the first time understood abstract art.
That's an interesting perspective. I would be surprised though how long any change would take to propagate given the big intertia behind all of these tools. The fact that you can find awk and (ba)sh on nearly all Linux machines makes it the default choice when writing a portable script or oneliner.
As you can see from multitude retail businesses filed with the SEC, the business' profit margins have not gone up, therefore the business's expenses must be rising. Maybe self checkout was worth it, maybe it was not, those details are up to the business' leaders, but any layman can see that profit margins are not rising to infinity for many (most?) businesses, so new technologies obviously do not simply result in increased profit margins for the business, and hence must be necessitated in order to keep the business competitive or offset other rising costs.

Now, this might not apply to McDonalds, but McDonalds is also not in the restaurant business.

https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/MCD/mcdonalds/prof...

McDonalds is in the real estate and branding business, which has much more scalability and higher barriers to entry, hence they are probably able to increase profit margins. The actual restaurant operators' (franchisees') profit margins, however, are probably not anywhere near as hot since they operate the non scalable and higher liability part of the business. But their financials are not public, so I cannot link you to them.
By the current definition of "AI" (which is not actually AI) any search algorithm that uses a database is "AI". The whole thing is just dumb now.
>that depreciates by 30% the very second you drive off the dealership

Nobody would underwrite loans for new cars with low down payment and low interest if this had been true. Also we would see the year old cars with low mileage selling with >30% discount, which is also not the case.

The reason I buy new cars is customization: I get exactly the car I want with colors/materials/options I selected.
> The popular preparation used to be boiling or steaming, and many people still find that gross with modern varieties.

What is wrong with people? They're delicious, and an absolute must along side a reindeer roast with a creamed mushroom sauce, or similar. Steamed of course.

Though I did learn the hard way as a kid that they can be rather harsh on the stomach when raw...
Sky High Sabotage: Major Airlines Are Using TSA to Shut Down Competitor
It's my biggest concern as well. For real world application I tend to use out of line filters:

filters = [q.field == value1, q.field2 > value2]
sql = f'SELECT * FROM table {WHERE(*filters)}'

It's a little harder to misuse.
(killbill.io co-founder here). Building a billing system is indeed quite complex, and for a variety of reasons: For once thing, most departments within the company will be impacted (finance, accounting, product, engineering, legal, ...), so the cognitive load on the team building the solution is quite high, and requirements are usually poorly defined. Then, as mentioned in the comments above, there are tons of complicated use cases and edge cases (time zones, pro-rations, entitlement v.s. billing, in-arrear/in-advance models, usage-based, credits, coupons, tax integration, refunds, chargebacks, and on and on ...). Another aspect is that once you have built the billing system, this is just one part of a bigger quote-to-cash picture, and the solution needs to fit within the rest of such platform, so it needs to be made flexible enough to integrate with such systems. I would typically not recommend building your own unless you have acquired lots of knowledge over the years, and have a motivated team in place to execute on it.
> when several individuals hoard the majority of money, it leaves less for everyone else

I don't agree with this. Wealth is created everyday. If I start a SaaS business and grow it to become a billionaire, there does not need to be an equivalent loss of wealth anywhere else in the society.

> not a single person can possibly choose well how to employ such resources

What supports this assertion? Maybe they do, maybe they don't. My argument really is that how you spend your wealth is none of my business after you have satisfied your obligations to society (which we collect through taxes).

> Money is violence

Hard disagree. Violence is violence. There are lots of ways to compel people to act that are non-violent. Famously, Mark Anthony foiled a coup with a speech. The Pope has enormous influence without having any tanks, etc. I am really against the use of language to make unfounded logical leaps in argument.

That said, this is he most compelling argument I can think of ie that billionaires have enormous influence over society. It undermines the concept of "one man, one vote". The counterargument is that this concept has never really been true (and cannot be true). All societies have people of influence and that influence is gained in many ways (religious standing, military prowess, good works, hereditary ties, oratory, notoriety, skullduggery, etc). These are intrinsic to human society and cannot be removed. Those people with influence will always have disproportionate impact on the direction of society. I guess it comes down to a value judgement of whether we want money to be one of those things that generate political advantage (for example, most western democracies have removed the ability to wield physical violence as one of those factors that provide a political advantage)
I have a wife and three kids. It's not that.
Do you encourage implementing feature flagging and entitlements in spicedb? I did not see a "use cases" page on your site.
Google starfish prime.
That isn't how it works, flavor sensitivity is orthogonal to heat sensitivity.

Being desensitized to heat does not desensitize you to flavor. Because of a correlation between heat and flavor diversity in peppers, people desensitized to the heat can taste the more complex range of flavors available in peppers.
Being raised in New Mexico, I cannot stand jalapenos. They infect everything vaguely "mexican" themed, and have basically forced me to buy the mildest sauces and whatnot, only to have to add hatch peppers to bring them up to a suitable level of spice. And even then, with the more mild jalapenos we have now, you'll find them in reformulations of mild sauces, and so on a single taste I get that "hot screen door/cat vomit" flavor shining through. So I frequently have to change brands.

I miss territorial house salsa, but Pace killed them over 20 years ago, so I should probably move on
Better engines and lighter materials were about fuel, a serious operating costs that goes into calculating the profit of a route when presuming maximally cheap consumers, AFA I understood.
Thanks so much, sounds like we have quite similar allergies and symptoms, I can really relate to having weepy messed up eyes and comments from strangers! Funnily enough, I think I should hopefully qualify for it with my Asthma + IgE levels, that it could help my eczema would be a big bonus.

I tried allergy immunotherapy (aka. "allergy shots") but it was very rough and it aggravated blood pressure issues and gave me joint pains, so I opted to discontinue after the second attempt.

On hydroxyzine, I've taken cetirizine (2nd gen, metabolite of hydroxyzine) in the past. 1st gen antihistamines usually knock me out. I'm now on Fexofenadine (Allegra, Telfast) which is mostly covered by my insurance and works pretty good still.

One crazy thing for eczema sufferers, if you get bad eczema on neck and arms during summer don't assume you have a heat rash, patch test your sun screen. I now use zinc based sun screen after a dermatologist patch test identified I was allergic too Oxybenzone's. Never has a clue and I live in a country with very high UV levels.
If she is still working as an OB, what would be the difference in premium to renew her claims-made policy with prior acts coverage?

I can't imagine (but do not know) that it is more efficient to pay claims-made AND tail, versus claims-made with prior acts (unless of course your employer is paying the claims-made).

For those not in the medical field, tail or ERP (extended reporting period) coverage is liability coverage for when the original policy has ended - i.e. you were insured for 2024, but in 2025 a malpractice suit comes to you for an incident in 2024. In the auto/general world, this is fairly well accommodated, but in the medical liability world, insurers say it is because of the preponderance of claims that may arrive significantly later than coverage.

However, many insurers absolutely ream providers on it. Tail insurance is typically double the actual claim premium, i.e. insurers are saying that your insurance premium is only covering 1/3 of the claims they expect to pay on your behalf. I ... have doubts ... on that number. And I also suspect that there is a bell curve happening where certainly, complex malpractice claims may take time to be built out and filed, and that may extend beyond coverage, but then at a certain point, you can relatively confidently assume that the incoming claims are asymptotically approaching zero.

Additionally, I cannot exactly remember if malpractice insurers are required to abide by MLR - profit restrictions - like the 80/20 rule, but in your wife's case, the insurers as a whole (claims-made and tail) are implying that they expect to pay out $168,000 a year for her liability.
> can be hard to extract text from them with high fidelity.

Or impossible with scans. Usually I take a look at the filesize as a
guestimate. Anyone know better FOSS OCR tools that run from cmdline?
Thanks for sharing, it's so exciting to see so many OSS BI frameworks
They’re not completely different things. They’re both cured, and they both taste like bacon. Some companies “smoke” their bacon, or add various other flavors, in the US.
In general any sort of produce available in North America suffers from blandness. Try a tomato in Southern or Eastern Europe by way of comparison.
Piracy is not going to save us if the game relies on a server which you can’t run yourself. You can’t even pirate The Crew.
The reason why market economies outperform planned economies is that they mostly eliminate inefficiencies. This remove inefficiencies, I think it's good, no?
There are some additional considerations:

- In California Prop 13 limits your taxes to a value much below inflation if you stay in a house for the 30 years

- In California rent prices rise rapidly. A mortgage payment stays fixed; up until a year or two ago the rate was significantly below inflation.
This is a deal breaker for many HN users, including me. Especially a piece of software with such privileges.
tastes can change too
I am reminded of physicians disliking the idea of checklists[1] and revolting against hand washing[2].

[1]: https://www.flightsafetyaustralia.com/2018/11/one-thing-at-a... (interestingly, I would argue that Boeing Model 299 being able to be accelerated enough to lift off while gust locks were engaged were was a design failure, and points towards the need for safe-by-design mechanisms, even for experienced operators.)

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_reaction_to_Ignaz...

I often see people likening software development with woodworking, which is funny because I think our industry is still at at the "you're not a real carpenter unless you're missing three fingers" stage.
Why Python's integer division floors (2010)
Also possible: your taste preferences changed over time. I know mine have.
I tried what Google would call "long tail" queries. Chat GPT-4 gave me accurate answers, but Mistral gave me nonsensical answers. I can't share the exact prompts because they are personally identifying.
>And the hours that they remain open are not being subsidized, so your initial assertion that off peak customers are being subsidized was not true.

Some off peak customers may be subsidized, for example those who want food at 2AM when volume is low and labor costs are high. Some off peak customers may not be, for example 2PM when the staff still needs to be there and have downtime.

>Since you so accept acting purely in your own self interest, then surely you feel the same righteousness on behalf of customers responding inline with their own self interest, right?

I cannot parse this statement. Everyone should do what is best for them, and try to avoid getting the short end of the stick. Obviously, the seller is going to try to sell to each individual at the highest price they are willing to pay, and the buyer is going to want to buy at the lowest price the seller is willing to accept.

>You continue to conflate this announcement of time of day pricing with just about every other influence on pricing, even those working in the opposite direction. Prices already change all the time, the new thing is just the surge pricing.

My point was that spot pricing can allow costs to be allocated more accurately to ensure the most efficient allocation of resources, including money to hire workers.

>There are many ways to deal with surges, from dynamic staffing to streamlined kitchens to additional locations to what’s presumably the current strategy, all of those plus sometimes making people wait.

I agree.

>Wendy’s seems to believe surge pricing might sometimes be the most profitable option, whether that’s true depends entirely on specifics that we don’t have and customer response.

Yes, it is certainly a gamble like every business decision. The pricing experiment could turn sufficient people off that it costs them more than it benefits them. The difference these days is that technology allows variable pricing to be implemented in a much more granular and economical way than in previous decades.
Why some animals have evolved a sense of humour
> more into brussels sprouts now than you were when you were a kid

You're not wrong, though I actually prefer oldschool sprouts. I grew some a few years back and the nostalgia hit me like a train. Super rich, earthy, bitter, and perhaps a little tougher than what you get today... We ate them a lot growing up, and that was exactly how I remembered them, yet at the store they're more like tiny, slightly bitter cabbages. Still incredibly by all means, I really love them. I eat them all through winter. Even so, I do miss the more opinionated version from my youth.

One nice thing about modern sprouts is they tend to be shaped better and easier to cook consistently. The sprouts from when I was a kid were definitely less like perfect little cabbages, so cooking them now is quite a bit more convenient and reliable.
That's true. Almost nobody knows the principle behind agile. And almost nobody does full scrum either.

https://agilemanifesto.org/
Read this and you'll know agile in 5m. Forget all the buzzwords.

You won't know scrum or any other monstrosity call agile today, but that's not agile.
Indeed. I learned color theory from "The Measurement of Appearance" by Richards Hunter and Harold, and one of the strengths of that work is that goes well beyond simple color into things like gloss, opalescence, etc. Highly recommended.

Also Bruce MacEvoy's in-progress book "Color Experience"[1] looks like it will be a fairly definitive treatment of the topic. It is also rooted in physical colorants (the author is an extremely serious watercolorist).

[1]: https://www.handprint.com/CE/book.html
I don't know that I buy this; I eat sprouts raw (slivered with a food processor) about as often as I roast them. They're noticeably sweet as a salad base.
As someone who's only used SVGs for illustrations, I'm constantly amazed at how much more the format allows for.

See also: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39293093
I'm just a little bit older than the US bacon craze, which was born out of unsold pork bellies, themselves a consequence of the late 1980s "Pork: the other white meat" campaign (itself a response to healthier, leaner chicken's rise). There's no way to produce a loin without a belly, etc.

So ironically, the US turned to more UK-like pork cuts in the 1980s, and then advertising turned it back to full-fat pork belly bacon in the 90s!

https://web.archive.org/web/20141006135510/http://www.busine...
That covers 0.001% of the work - the part that my polit-sci-major no-programming experience sister just explained to me given the prompt. Now do the hard parts :)
This will happen. Count on it.
An anecdotal fact: the bananas I was buying at a market in Thailand when I visited the country tasted so much different (and for me, better) than the bananas I buy in an American supermarket, I am not sure I'd know it's a variant of the same plant if I did not see them.
These are fair points. It does sound like a difficult bridge to build. I don't think it would be impossible, but there's clearly a big gap.
Yeah, that confused me for a bit too; real-life deja vu.
Thanks for the clarification.

The CSAM bit seems to then be propaganda from at least one AI company putting out PR to falsely quell people's concerns about their LLMs being able to generate content involving children that's sexualized.

I've yet to see details of how much compute-minimum server requirements are necessary to run LLMs. Maybe you know a source who's compiling a list in a feature matrix that includes such details?
So you’re saying that Mike would have been just fine had Suits been based in CA?
Free Kubernetes Loadbalancer with Tailscale
I accomplish inbox zero in seconds with just a few effective email filter rules[1].

- The main filter works on the idea the word "unsubscribe" is rarely used in important, personal emails; but almost always present in marketing emails (required by law).

- Then I filter on "boring senders" (a whole bunch of domains/email addresses that only send impersonal email. For example: "noreply" is a "boring" sender.)

[1]: https://blog.leftium.com/2023/11/automatic-inbox-cleanup-wit...
The preparation concept is huge. Growing up way back in the day, industrial canned spinach was absolutely disgusting and pushed on all forms of school cafeterias. They even tried to influence its liking with a cartoon character. Many many years later, fresh spinach was made available and I find it delicious. How anyone thought that mushy slop from a can was ever considered edible is beyond me.
That seems pretty dangerous considering the Google account locked horror stories that pop up from time to time and the quality of their support.
RAG is evolving so quickly.

How does this compare to the performance and capabilities of the OpenAi Assistants APIs?
Rust:
* https://github.com/gunnarmorling/1brc/discussions/57
* https://github.com/mtb0x1/1brc

My friend also claims he is going to try it in Prolog. We'll see :)