skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I'd wager the vast majority of Linux users have never encountered a memory safety issue with the Kernel.

Yes, because they were caught in review and tests, or were patched in a bugfix release before being widely exploited. Rust catches safety issues during compilation, before you test or commit.

> Some crate you're depending on gets hijacked

Rust's safety is meant to protect against a certain class of programmer mistakes. You still need to audit your dependencies and sandbox untrusted code; the language designers have never claimed otherwise.
>I understand there will always be an amount of incorrect information

You don't have to give them the benefit of the doubt. These are outright, intentional lies.
You don't need to compromise Cloudflare, just tell them "this is the latest hash" while pretending to be FB.
If you are a hobbyist programmer, it is not your "job" . So it is not automating your job for the moment but the professional programmers' job, isn't it?
What sort of knowledge did he have of the Martian atmosphere back in the 1950's?
Andrej Karpathy's take from twitter. (https://twitter.com/karpathy/status/1760350892317098371)

Seeing as I published my Tokenizer video yesterday, I thought it could be fun to take a deepdive into the Gemma tokenizer.

First, the Gemma technical report [pdf]:
https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/gemma/gemma-re...
says: "We use a subset of the SentencePiece tokenizer (Kudo and Richardson, 2018) of Gemini for com- patibility. It splits digits, does not remove extra whitespace, and relies on byte-level encodings for unknown tokens, following the techniques used for both (Chowdhery et al., 2022) and (Gemini Team, 2023). The vocabulary size is 256k tokens."

The tokenizer.model file is with this code release:
https://github.com/google/gemma_pytorch/blob/main/tokenizer/...

I decoded this model protobuf in Python and here is the diff with the Llama 2 tokenizer:
https://diffchecker.com/TRnbKRMH/

Notes:
- vocab size is quite large: 32K -> 256K
- add_dummy_prefix is False. Different from Llama but consistent with GPT. This is a bit more consistent w.r.t. "leave the data alone", as there is no preprocessing step that adds a space to the encoding text.
- the model_prefix is the path of the training dataset, which is amusing to look at: "/cns/mf-d/home/gemini-data-access/tokenizers/final_v1_51GB_run1/bpe_coverage_0_999995_v5/255969". Seems to indicate the tokenizer training corpus was ~51GB (?).
- a lot of user_defined symbols (i.e. special tokens) are present, e.g. "hardcoding" a sequence of up to 31 newlines as tokens, and a large number of other unclear tokens. I tried decoding the octal representations but it's not clear what's happening here. Also a lot of more special tokens for what look like html elements, e.g. <table>, <tr>, <td>, <i>, <b>, etc. Not 100% sure what the unused tokens are for, maybe this is pre-allocated space to make easier future finetunes that try to add more special tokens, as there is no need to resize vocabularies and perform model surgeries (?).

TLDR this is basically the Llama 2 tokenizer, except bigger (32K -> 256K), with a lot more special tokens, and the only functional departure is that add_dummy_prefix is turned off to False. So e.g. tokenizing:

"hello world" becomes:
[17534, 2134]
['hello', 'world']

which otherwise would have been preprocessed to " hello world" (note leading space) and tokenized as:
[25612, 2134]
['hello', 'world']

cool
Where would the YJIT 3.3 performance improvements be mostly seen? (eg: task type)

edit: https://railsatscale.com/2023-12-04-ruby-3-3-s-yjit-faster-w...

edit 2: YJIT or truffle these days?
I'm not in this field, but in trades tickets are technical certifications (e.g. journeyman ticket, fall arrest ticket)

Presumably its a certification to weld on or around nuclear equipment.
We've banned this account for repeatedly breaking the site guidelines and ignoring our requests to stop. You can't attack others like this here, regardless of how wrong they are or you feel they are.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Nice!!

Hope you don't mind me firing a bunch of questions

Do you use it as "just" a smartphone or as a laptop substitute?

And how much screen on time do you get?

How long does it take to charge?

Have you tried using steam link?

What OS/ROM/disto do you have installed on it?
At the MIT event, Altman was asked if training GPT-4 cost $100 million; he replied, “It's more than that.”

Training costs are decreasing, but whenever there's an update to GPT-4 (e.g. training data cutoff updated to December 2023), it means the model has been retrained. The compute costs of training a model like Claude 2 are significant.

Also, keep in mind that not every trained model becomes ready for production. Some are discarded, similar to how you might burn a few cookies while baking.
Ask HN: Digital Nomad Guide for International Phone Numbers
I’m looking for advice on how to select a phone number that works for someone who moves a lot.

*Current state*

- I move to a different country every 3-4 years & travel a lot
- I have a UK phone number
- I’ll move away from UK to somewhere else

*Wants*

- Single phone number - have it for rest of my life
- Receive International SMS - need for banks + application login + 2-factor)
- Works with Whatsapp & Telegram
- Cost is cheap end (less than $15 per month)

*Other Info*

- Don’t need any data plans. I use AirAlo and buy eSim or Local Sim whenever I move/travel

*Current Solution*

*Pros*

- I’m using a VOIP provider called Hushed
- It says it doesn’t guarantee 2 factor, but it has worked with literally every single application & non North American bank. (My main bank is not in NA so doesn’t effect me)
- I can get international SMS and calls
- Cheap $7/mo
- I can extend it forever as long as I pay

*Cons*

- Whatsapp doesn’t work with VOIP

tl;dr

- Current solution handles all requirements except Whatsapp
- Do you have any suggestions?
Thanks for the support, we still have a lot of work ahead of us to make it better!
We teach our Scouts how Doritos make excellent firestarters. Of course, you only need one or two to star a fire, yet a large family-size sack is required for a typical Scouts meeting.
> I just claimed they were the foundation.

That's an extreme claim that requires extreme evidence. You don't just get to pretend your preferred interpretation of a history that humans don't even have (prewriting society) is correct just because you want it to be.
edit: I was wrong.
What if the multi sig software is compromised?
I would agree if tech jobs without the perks were worse than outside the industry, but they are not. I worked for other industries before and let me tell you they are far worse on all objectively measured metrics. Worse pay, less emphasis on WLB, RTO 5 days a week, worse tech stacks, worse work culture and non existent perks are the norm everywhere else.

Sure there’s exceptions everywhere, but unless you’re self employed and contract in other industries, tech is still where it’s better.
Seems like the Occam's razor hypothesis would be "company that split from OpenAI over safety concerns is overly focused on safety at the expense of performance."
You could code the whole game sequence in only 22 bits.

First bit to mark whether X or O starts, then 4 bits for the placement of the first symbol (9 empty squares numbered 0-8 counting from top left), then only 3 bits for the second one (one square is already taken so there are only 8 possible positions left), etc. which gives us 4+3+3+3+3+2+2+1 = 21 bits for the 8 moves before there is only one unfilled square left.
When you write a parser, you build it out of language (syntax) rules. The parser uses those rules to translate text into an abstract syntax tree. This approach is explicit: syntax is known ahead of time, and any correctly written text can be correctly parsed.

When you train an LLM, you don't write any language rules. Instead, you provide examples of written text. This approach is implicit: syntax is not known ahead of time. The core feature is that there is no distinction between what is correct and what is not correct. The LLM is liberated from the syntax rules of language. The benefit is that it can work with ambiguity. The limitation is that it can't decide what interpretation of that ambiguity is correct. It can only guess what interpretation is most likely, based on the text it was trained on.
I content that magit, while not a GUI, pretty much transcends git’s CLI.

GUIs will only ever tackle a subset of git’s functionality since if you’re already a power user you’ll be comfortable with the command line.
I cannot agree more with the 'make time to play' idea.
Hard to connect to the goals and tasks at hand, playing, specially physical
play, shares many aspects of the creative process: observation, strategies, emotional reactions, winning some, loosing some. Playing keeps me curios and engaged. Great article.
I'm torn about this. I've been in FAANG for a while now, and while I do think I'd be more successful/happier at a smaller company (and I actually was), I don't think "smaller" tech is necessarily going to be better, especially right now.

Maybe we should just accept that these are just jobs, and no glamour is necessary -- so maybe big tech jobs losing it is not the worst thing. Let the talent spread and create more "glamorous" jobs.
I don't know if you're pretending to be unaware or genuinely ignorant, but no. Japanese society places extreme emphasis on teaching children to behave respectfully in society and these values are taught from early childhood to adulthood. If you want to attribute their low crime rate to gun control you'll have to bring something halfway convincing to the table.
My favourite bit is that he's the answer to the trivia question of who's the only first class cricketer to win a Nobel Prize!
Personally I think if bot can get things done, then I wont mind. I just hope these bot don't repeat same things and don't get something done
I totally agree. The fact that it's not possible to determine the location of a method being called inside a file until it is run perfectly illustrates the problem with a hyper-dynamic language like ruby. It's a dream for people who love metaprogramming to do things magically, but a nightmare for anyone later inheriting that project.

I have a rant about it: https://bower.sh/on-autoloading

And don't get me started on the footgun that is ActiveRecord callbacks: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_callbacks.html
Perhaps, or perhaps not.

It has to be hard enough it can't be done in the street (without getting attention), but maybe it could be easy enough to do in a garage.

But even if it is expensive, the result would be that either people with take more care, or they'll lose their car.

Maybe it's not a bad thing that people who can't manage a key are less likely to be on the roads - or that its more likely they lose access to their car then it ends up in the hands of criminals. A car can be a dangerous thing, even an inexpensive one.
When I fed it to bing, I got "the race is a tie"
If thieves started towing cars, presumably people would be more observant, esp where it isn't obvious why a car is being towed.

If it was in an urban environment, there might be cameras around anyway that could capture the reg plate.
It reminds me of Nietzsche's autobiography Ecce Homo, which was at least somewhat self-aware of its pomposity, titling chapters as:

1 – Why I Am So Wise

2 - Why I Am So Clever

3 – Why I Write Such Excellent Books, Part 1

4 – Why I Write Such Excellent Books, Part 2

5 - Why I Write Such Excellent Books, Part 3

6 - Why I Am a Fatality
Canada has much more non-recovered car theft where (especially luxury) cars are stolen and shipped off.
doesn't work

An error occurred, refresh the page and try again.

i guess it's overloaded currently ...
Putting Climate Data into Context
Shrinking? Appliances' lifespan shrinking!?

They have been given cancer!

Thank God for American Hpme Warranty, it actually does pay at least two-fold over 5-year worth of its premium costs.

This is not a shill but a testimony of the ridiculous lifespan of dishwasher, refrigerators, stove, garbage disposals, washing machines, dryer, and air conditioner condensor unit.

EDIT: and a water heater. House was built in 1990.
>Sure, it misses things here and there, but so do most primary school teachers.

Sure, but my baseline expectation is far above primary school level.
Agreed, and I think following flowchart-type logic is within today's AI capabilities. This thread is full of people getting inaccurate responses from humans. I think when it comes to accuracy, a well-trained LLM likely beats the status quo of high-churn low-paid employees following a rote diagram.

Of course there should always be a way to reach a human, a senior agent with actual knowledge that can be applied in subjective ways to solve more complex problems.
This was not about squat toilets, but about people who squat on sit-down toilets, which is dangerous and dirty.
Yeah, I broke into my own car recently using a coat hanger, nobody cared.
This should hold. If AI can remind us of what humane policies are, so be it.
It used to have SMS support but they yanked it maybe a year or so ago. The big issue on the user end was, if someone deleted Signal and you used Signal for your SMS, it would keep sending them signal messages and not SMS. So you were left not realizing you were texting essentially a dead number.
> I'm going to stop responding because this thread is off topic

We can't expect to solve the car crime problem by only beefing up car security. It also requires holding people accountable for their behavior.

> There's a reason the judge declined to set bail.

And the reason is there isn't the willpower to hold criminals accountable.
I'll go ahead and say that neovim is bad. Any reason to use neovim has long since past.

I didn't start the editor wars, but the neovim team jumped in with both feet. They deserve the ire of those of us who never wanted to see vim forked in the first place, let alone a half-assed broken "neo" version.
I've seen cars towed in less than 30 seconds from parallel parking spots.

Even if it took longer, it still looks more legitimate to bystanders than a broken window.
I have a younger brother that recently bought a Kia as his first car.
It's been broken into 3 times in less than a of ownership year.

Kia sent him a cheep "Club style" steering wheel lock...
--
From my perspective, getting stuck with this lemon will significantly compromise his quality of life and finances for years to come.

Where are our consumer protections? Kia should be on the hook for fixing the problem or buying back the vehicle at cost.
A bit off-topic, but it's very cool how competitive this market is. It's only been barely a year and we're all expecting every company to do better within spans of months. Even compared to haydays of cloud hosting investments, people weren't expecting updates from each company on a weekly basis.

Part of me really wants to get into the game somehow, as it looks very invigorating and motivating from outside. Although not entirely sure where I would need to start as I'm not at some cutting edge AI/ML company.
Part of disclaimer at irs.gov for their interactive assistant: "Answers do not constitute written advice in response to a specific written request of the taxpayer within the meaning of section 6404(f) of the Internal Revenue Code."
Actually my point was companies-responsible-for-encryption development. You could argue it’s Google vs Apple on this front, but it could also be Apple vs Samsung, or Apple vs any of the other top tier android implementations.

So you can either say Apple is reserving this development for a subset of the market, or Google is withholding it from a massive portion of the market share.
But you DO have a second line of defense even in your culture because that sort of thing DOES happen even in your culture only perhaps less often.

With respect to the Flipper Zero, I don't understand how culture solves this particular problem. I'm not sure I'd want to be in a culture that solved this particular problem a priori. I think I'd prefer to be in an imperfect Rule Of Law society that adapted albeit imperfectly to new problems as they appeared.
From the link:

Additional leagues will become available on Apple Sports over time, including MLB, NFL, NCAAF, NWSL, and WNBA for their upcoming seasons.

No word on tennis yet.
> One of the most naive things I have read today. Ideas are cheap. If you were capable of just "having an idea" and turning it into any considerable amount of money you would have done it already.

What if I told you that I've done exactly this and very successfully? :)

The second half of your comment is in agreement with the spirit of mine, though. Hackathons are for giving your average coder a chance to explore new tech, try different shit, and basically have a safe space to do something without being penalized for failure.
> we tend to assume they will behave in the worst way possible, and then pass laws to supposedly prevent that behavior from manifesting.

It seems to be a fairer assessment to say “when we see a concerning amount of them behaving in the worst way possible, we then pass laws to attempt to prevent that behavior from manifesting”.

> It's designing the playground so that kids can't get hurt, not teaching them how to play responsibly.

Which is a great philosophy in theory, as well as in practice like (so I’ve heard from multiple sources) in Japan you being able to comfortably leave your belongings unattended in public space. It would be great if everywhere were like that, but we have to work with the society we live in and changing behaviour on a mass scale is a gargantuan task.

> the "new method" results in a different kind of world than the previous one

You described an ideal, not a method. If you have specific suggestions on how to collectively educate people to act for the greater good in any given matter, I’m genuinely interested. We need some of that fast (e.g. regarding climate change).

I’m skeptical we can achieve those necessary urgent goals without any policies, but I’d welcome being wrong.
These are all very new licenses that deviate from OSI principles, I think it's fair to call them "unusual".
Not sure if this applies, but IIRC some welds are embedded in complex structures that require only very skilled workers... and sometimes only a left handed guy can access the surface.
We have long operated this way. Banks have security guards even though there are laws against theft. Greengrocers often have fresh fruit outside with no way to stop people from grabbing some and running off.

It's simply the way of the world. I don't believe it's change materially, except to the degree that the ability to self defend (e.g. better locks) and to identify miscreants (e.g. cameras) has improved.

I do feel that there are more private security guards than there used to be but when I watch old movies I'm not sure my impression is correct.
Oh, apparently there is `pijul tag` command that might do something relevant here?

https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/pijul:main/QL6K2ZM35B3NI.JIAAA

but the docs do not say anything about that, so it remains a mystery. also its still weird that their own projects do not use those tags, or is it just that the web UI isn't showing them properly?
> I expect to be informed that recording will be occuring given I live in a two party consent state.

As far as I am aware, two-party consent is specifically for audio recordings, not recordings without an audio component.
We are in agreement :)
Salary is always lower than the employer's total cost to employ, so that tracks.
States move to ban utilities from using customer money for lobbying
Its a good point and one the bot industry has not really figured out, forget voice bot but talking about those annoying ones telecom companies throw up. My immediate reaction when I get a bot is to throw in a bunch of garbage to get routed to human as fast as possible. When they get better, perhaps I might change my behaviour.
You're most welcome. I was feeling especially like I wanted to do a good deed today, hence the gift link for those who can't access archive.ph
yes, with 35BHP to move my truck I would certainly expect to be running continuously at maximum load ;)

(admittedly it's probably closer to the size/weight of a kei truck than modern half-ton monstrosities lol)
Bill Gurley and Brad Gerstner have a new podcast and discussed exactly this in their first episode, https://youtu.be/Wu_LF-VoB94?si=E1M0RmiKVN4FG9b9&t=523 (8:43)

"from a company's perspective it's like taking out of your left pocket and putting it in your right pocket ... I mean a big skeptic would say you're using your balance sheet to to drive your your income statement which you know should be a no-no"
mmm..

> what are the top 5 tallest man-made structures in the world

Statue of Unity (Tallinn, Estonia) - 368 m

Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy) - 330 m

Supertree Grove (Orlando, Florida) - 275 m

Skylon Tower (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) - 271 m

Statue of Liberty (New York City, USA) - 186 m

> what is the richest country in the world

The richest country in the world is Saudi Arabia with a gross domestic product of US$2.3 trillion.

> how many cm are in a ft

A foot is equal to 0.0254 metres (ft).
I do too. Not the worst
kind of oppression though, by far.
You can easily view it as having nothing to do with it. My push is that it is the point of parsing. You don't parse directly into understanding/execution. You parse into another representation, one that we never directly talk about, so that you can then move it into the next level.

Even English can be parsed first into the sounds. This is why puns work. Consider the joke, "why should you wear glasses to math class? It helps with division." That only works if you go to the sounds first. And you will have optionality in where to go from there.

So, for parsing programs, we often first decide on primitives for execution. For teaching, this is often basic math operations. But in reality, you have far more than the basic math operations. And, as I was saying, you can do more with the intermediate representation than you probably realize at the outset.
May I please understand your arch;

a dev builds an app it | to your API and you spit it back out? - if so - ensure when you spit out whatever it defines itself to whomever is listening....

--

Plz explain the arch of how your system works? (or link me if I missed..)

----

Shortest and most importnat law ever written:

"an AI must identify itself as AI when asked by Humans."

0. Law of robotics.

------

@autsin

-

Cool - so im on an important call with [your customer] your system has an outage?

How is this handled? dropped call?

(I am not being cynical - im being someone who is allergic to post mortems.

----

EDIT: you need to stop using the term "user" in anything you market or describe. full stop.

the reason: in the case of your product, the USER is the motherhecker on the phone listening to anything your CUSTOMER is spewing at them VIA your API.

the USER is who is making IRL *>>>DECISIONS<<<* based on what they hear from your system.

Your CUSTOMER is from whom you receive money.

THEIR customer, is whom they get money to pay you.

The USER is the end-point Human. who doesnt even know you exist.
I offered help, not condescension. In my experience migrating to swift 5 has been exceptionally painless, so if you find it onerous I was offering to assist you.
> Go to Google announcement
> Find “license” in page: no matches
> Go to HN thread
> Find “license” in page: 28 matches
> Read a few
sigh could have been exciting
I want to own an insecure vehicle that is also so cheap/old/damaged, that it’s not worth stealing. Should I be allowed to do that?
If you look at it strictly from an economic POV, real estate is devalued near sources of fission. (and other power plants as well)

The market has spoken on that matter.