skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Typical welding can only safely deposit a certain volume of metal at a time due to physics constraints.

Either the puddle gets too large and sags, or flux needs to be removed between passes, or the work piece needs to be moved with a certain speed/force that doesn’t scale, or the heat can only be deposited on a single surface at a limited rate, which causes problematic distortion and limits penetration.

Welding a 6” thick piece of anything with stick/tig/mig may take dozens or even hundreds of passes depending on geometry, material, available welding positions, etc.

Welding the same thing with stir welding may take 100+ or even 1000+ tons of pressure in a moving weld fixture.

And because of that, will also cause major distortion to the part unless done very carefully.

Electron beam welding doesn’t have many of these issues because the electron beam doesn’t get absorbed in a point at the surface (and the beam can be very narrow), allowing very deep penetration compared to something like an electrical arc, also allowing a lot less total heat input to get the welded spots to fuse, and that also means weld joint shapes can be used that won’t need filler metal being added, or movement, it doesn’t have puddle size issues or flux removal problems (necessarily). Due to the lower total heat input, it also wouldn’t have as significant distortion effects.

The internal tension/distortion created from welding heat can be really mind blowing - we’re talking enough to twist automobile frames into pretzels if not done correctly, or rip apart armor plating and heavy machinery joints just from the act of cooling.

It also doesn’t have force scaling issues like stir welding (generally).

It would require completely, perfectly clean surfaces and a non-reactive environment, and clearance for the beam emission equipment though.

Pretty neat overall!
I spoke with security, it doesn't appear to be resulting from CrowdStrike as configured on other systems.
Here is an official NASA article on the discovery: https://www.nasa.gov/missions/new-horizons/nasas-new-horizon...

It probably has a better title too, considering the more clickbaity title above.
It's a electricity and gas utility that serves San Francisco and the Bay Area. Many Hacker News readers are from this area.

People love complaining about PG&E since its prices are ludicrously high (one of the highest in the nation --- about 50 cents per kWh), while the service is quite poor (they famously caused some serious wildfires and have frequent power outages during storms, although admittedly the recent couple of storms were quite strong). Now that they stopped supporting a beloved browser, there is all the more reason for the Bay Area techies to complain.
I can tell you as a real estate agent I almost always recommend to my clients that they leave the appliances... appliances are a pain to move! No guarantee that your old appliances will fit in the respective places in the house you are buying, likelihood of beating up the walls and floors as you move them in and out of houses, and often it will cost you as much to move it as it would to just buy a new one. Further - the buyer of your home generally doesn't want to have to go spend thousands on new appliances right after they dropped a big chunk of coin buying your house. It definitely makes an impression on buyers, especially how petty it looks if you are marketing a luxury home where the sellers have stripped all the appliances - does not give the impression of luxury to a prospective buyer.
I use Devyce[0] which has a UK phone number. Works for all the 2FA codes I've ever needed. Can port your existing UK number as well.

They've been my provider for 3 or so years now without any problems. Runs fine on top of Airalo when I need to take a call (which is extremely rarely).

[0]: https://devyce.com/
I'd argue there are always more problems, we don't have to solve them all nor should we assume that we can.
Surprised the author didn't bring up the corporate mentality of having to justify having (sometimes) large office buildings, cafeterias, etc that make their campuses look impressive but are a massive cost sink if nobody is utilizing them. You can say "just get rid of the buildings" but then (thinking of tech companies) they won't APPEAR to be as big or popular as other tech companies.
reasonable effort - meaning if their changes meaningfully impact my usage, negatively, it would be unreasonable to ask me to upgrade.

sounds good.

this is not financial advice and ianal.
The *GLU-based activations functions like GEGLU and SwiGLU use 2 input values to produce 1 output value, which makes these numbers weird. In each value pair, one goes through the GELU/SiLU activation function and is then multiplied by the other "gate" value.

In the report, "hidden dim" matches the number of GEGLU inputs. In the config, "intermediate_size" matches the number of GEGLU outputs. Most *GLU models so far have used intermediate_size=8/3*d_model as this makes have the same number of matmul FLOPS & parameters as a 4x-expanded non-GLU model, and PaLM vaguely showed that 4x is better than a smaller expansion factor.

If one considers Llama-2-7B's FFN expansion factor to be ~5.33x, Gemma's expansion factor is 16x.
Though the pool of students was biased towards those who excelled in high school which post 1980..1990 probably means some prior exposure (i.e., not your "total beginners"), this was a big part of the original idea behind SICP-6.001 at MIT. AFAIK, they gave up on that experiment 15 years ago and moved to Python: http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/3312

Being faculty / wordy, there is probably much written about it attempting to draw conclusions. There were definitely some "smart, but total beginner programmers" in the mix, although I don't know how scientifically separated the performance of the "two 'some's" might have been.
Same as for application/json I suppose: this is a structured format to be processed by an application, not by humans directly.
Can't address it overall but some while back I did some calculation on shipping power around the world from wherever the sun was shining. I took the real-world numbers for the biggest transmission lines--and found the only question being how many nines on the loss percentage.

You are fighting two separate forces. Some of the energy is lost to heat in the wires, this is minimized by making the voltage as high as possible--but the higher the voltage the more corona loss there will be.
A realist would say the money is spent somewhere and better on your platform. Once infrastructure is built it’s hard to offload, so the margin comes from future spend. But revenues are still revenues, and the capital spend is invested in capital growth to support the load from the investment.
The concept presented is something I can agree with in principle, but "transforming a filename into the content of the file" is a really thin justification for a responsibility.

By all means don't build something where you have cascading effect and need to retest an entire pipeline, but this is _not_ it.

P.S.

And if you really really want to keep it separate, just do "< access.log head -500 etc etc etc" (no I didn't forget a pipe. And yes the "< inputfile" works even if it's in front of what you're calling).
A Deepdive into the Gemma Tokenizer
Thanks so much for your work! Visa problems are a bane on the US. I hope that this situation will improve for you and get better in the future.
12 months of labour I'm assuming
It's hard to give you any advice without what the injury is and where you want to make progress. That said, here are a few disconnected pieces of advice.

1. Don't focus on productivity, focus on progress. Progress, no matter how small, will accumulate with time. Scale the progress you make in a day back so that it is in line with your injury.

2. Sometimes you will go farther in the long term if you take time to rest. Productivity and progress are about playing the long game. Rest and don't take risks that will lead to more injuries or a stop to progress.

3. Focus on recovery. Make sure you aren't ignoring your injury. Do the therapy you need to and get lots of sleep.
The good news is that it is rare for any of us to need to visit them.
Software developing hasn't been at all tolerant of ADHD in my experience. All employers care about is churning out code as fast as humanly possible. Any forgetfulness or deviation from the strictly defined agile process is harshly punished.
If the answer is "everyone" is a competitor of Amazon, no one should be using AWS except for Amazon.
It's definitely a surprise to see, coming from Apple. However, if we consider the amount of money they make on gacha games, which are essentially slot machines (that award you worthless items) (and are often targeted at children), it's unfortunately less of a surprise.
Again, all of those lower the value to the thieves. If they need to create a custom engine controller, they’re going to need to pay a lot more than the $0 they currently spend. If they need to replace the entertainment system, the cost of doing so will cut into their margin.

Don’t make the mistake of thinking that a system needs to be perfect to be worthwhile.
You are so wrong it's unreal!

Quality switches suitable for use in a vehicle don't cost $0.10, they cost $0.01!

-at the volumes they'd be purchased for auto manufacturing.
Consider what support mean. It doesn't mean "works with".

Supported likely means that they test with and design for. It also means that if a customer is using that browser and there's a problem (e.g., seeing their bill online) they will fix the problem if it's just in that browser.

Firefox is 3.3% of users [1]. When it comes to testing features with (including QA validation) and working around browser specific bugs, what % of usage should drive that?

[1] https://gs.statcounter.com/
Because it is a bad look, I assume. If I'm interacting with a company that constantly disclaims everything they say as probable bullshit, I'll go find a competitor that at least pretends to try harder.
Mesothelioma ads were ubiquitous when I was growing up.

I wonder if there will be something similar for burnout once we can measure it.
If you know some code… there’s some neat things you can do.

I have a phone number (literally spells my name) and I can call it from any phone, after the first ring, I can type a code (which includes the number of days to be active). It registers the number I’m calling from as a forwarding number. If someone calls or texts my number, it gets forwarded to all registered phones. I can use a different code to make calls as well.

This is perfect for when I don’t have internet yet, or even a sim. I can borrow a friends phone, hotel, payphone, whatever.

The vanity number isn’t listed as a voip number (afaik) because it was originally my cell number and then I ported it to the programmable voip carrier (who I hate), but it works with banks, WA.

Costs: expensive, sometimes.
> Is this any better? It depends, but probably not. ... But if you had some wild application where you needed to keep trillions of game states unpacked [1] in memory, then sure, use base-3.

I think I'd want to represent those trillions of game states in the the 10-bit representation it mentioned earlier and keep around a uint32_t[765] to map that to the more practical 18-bit version. (or rather something like 13-bit and uint32_t[5477] because llimos pointed out that the 765 is after rotation.)

[1] I think the word "unpacked" here is just carelessly chosen rather than a contrast to the "pack them tightly using 18 bits for the base-4 representation or 15 bits for the base-3 representation" in the paragraph I elided.
Text encodes in fewer tokens, and language coverage is better.
Very low competition I'd guess. It's a little better with internet providers because we have a few options, at least in my area.
Think about what happens when people lose their keys, which will reliably happen.
Misleading title but that's no surprise from a rag like Jacobin

> a year’s worth of records that could include war-crime allegations is missing

They are making an assumption
No, the brokers are extracting value from the excess demand. The landlords get what they want: not doing that part of the work, particularly showings as many landlords do not live nearby.

And the landlord, for a city of predominantly 2 yr-ish-long rentals, benefits from nominal rents being as low as possible--a well-priced apartment sells fast, a poorly priced one does not. (Compare to Ticketmaster and music venues.)

Then brokers extract as much as they can. But since a broker only gets the commission a fraction of the time they do the work (say 1/3), the competitive equilibrium for brokers fees is higher (say 3x)than it ought to be, bc the marginal addtl broker who would undercut them simply left the industry instead.
Sometimes it's easy to fix something even though you don't understand why it's broken. Like reverting the commit that broke things.
What? how does that work? If you call the cell number of an Android device on facetime, what happens on the android end?
> UN has had tremendous impact in the world

Perhaps, but if so, I think its impact is, at the very least, net negative, not net positive.
Betting odds are useful even if you don't bet because they show you the outcome prediction. It would be weird if clicking it led you to a betting website given Apple's stance on gambling, but just seeing the odds isn't weird.
> wc(1) to count the number of separate programs inside coreutils

self-hosting achievement unlocked
There's one issue with text, it defaults to ASCII:

> For example, for any MIME type whose main type is text, you can add the optional charset parameter to specify the character set used for the characters in the data. If no charset is specified, the default is ASCII (US-ASCII) unless overridden by the user agent's settings. To specify a UTF-8 text file, the MIME type text/plain;charset=UTF-8 is used.

See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_...
> I've lived all over the US. Why are utility company websites SO BAD? All of them are terrible.

Utility companies are deliberately regional monopolies, without the threat of competition there's no incentive to do better. That's presumably reflected in but not limited to the quality of their web sites.
It's more that they don't care if, say, an automated support chatbot doesn't work in Firefox. In which case they tell you to just use Chrome rather than submit a ticket telling one of their web devs to fix something.
Hopefully they can tweak the default system prompts to be accurate on historical questions, and apply bias on opinions.
Yeah I think this was a bad move for Signal, but I didn't see that happen to my group fortunately. In Signal's defense, my understanding is that this was really an Apple thing. That Apple only lets iMessage connect to SMS so the apps were differing significantly.

I also get the fatigue. Moxie said centralized because they needed to move faster. But Signal has always moved very slow, so it does feel off. But to be fair, it's not like most messenger apps do much.
And it sounds like something that would be practical to use in space.

Normally you either burn fuel (and lifting said fuel is very pricey!) or you use an electric arc--but your arc won't work in vacuum.
The framing of this as a Google issue would suggest that other search engines wouldn’t have this issue, but I’m not sure that’s true? The “air purifier” search on DDG seems to give the same set of blogspam results: https://duckduckgo.com/?t=h_&q=best+air+purifier+for+pet+hai...

Can someone with Kagi check to see if Kagi does better here?
The very next sentence after the one you quoted is

>The machine, provided by the vending supplier Canteen, features a touch screen and uses a camera for people to purchase coffee with a card, she said.
I think they meant not unusual in this space, not unusual in the sense of open source licensing.
It’s probabilistic, so it’s always able to go off the rails…
there are even more possible variations of chess games than there are atoms in the observable universe.
Does anyone even have such information? It seems to me that only teachers can know it. I studied at this university and I remember looking for a capstone project for a week, and finally found https://papersowl.com/blog/best-capstone-project-topic-ideas for myself. Honestly it was difficult. Therefore, I would also not refuse if I had recordings of speeches and copies of the works of previously graduated students.
That's not an option in my case. There's only a handful of us left who aren't offshore contractors and many of my co-workers would turn me in to management the moment they heard me talking about a union.
People write large Biographies & memoirs about their life.

What should it be hubris to talk about your life for 4 hours?
Market share go down, pay go up, can’t explain that.
Simply requiring the dealers to take seriously ownership validation and track which workers used the reset system (no shared logins, etc.) would do most of it.
Except that when you need to visit them, you almost always REALLY need it.
"AI Era" - Sadly Intel is lagging behind AMD and nvidia in this era
> I finally talked to an MD about the symptoms I’d had my entire life, and they diagnosed me with a quite intense version of ADHD

Like what? There are only three subtypes. ADHD-C, ADHD-PI, ADHD-PH (Combined, Primarily Inattentive, Primarily Hyperactive). There are no "intensive versions."

> started taking meds for it and it was revelatory, like a nearsighted person putting on glasses for the first time.

Now you understand why these powerful psychoactive substances are Schedule II controlled substances with a high potential for abuse, commonly misused across academic and industry settings, outright banned in some countries, etc..

I won't gatekeep you or declare you do or do not have ADHD. I do not even think it matters at the end of the day. Hell, there is no definitive way to determine if someone has ADHD anyway. No blood biomarkers, no genes, fMRI scans, etc.. One has ADHD only if a medical professional says so. Nothing more and nothing less. One doctor says you have ADHD, and another doesn't. Which one is right? How can it be proven?

I'm not the GP of this comment chain, but you didn't take my/our meds. You took something that helped you, and that is all that matters. I find this false dichotomy of having ADHD or not to be ridiculous. Every professional diagnosis is of equal until science progresses.

Perhaps on some kind of deeper level, we might not even have the same disorder, and what we call ADHD could be multiple separate disorders. Until then, we have to work with what we have.

Congratulations on finding relief. I don't care if people have some kind of arbitrary made-up acronym to describe a set of symptoms that are heuristically diagnosed or not. I just want people to not struggle with what I had to go through and still go through. ADHD is my obstacle, it is not my identity.
The best solution may be low-tech: duct tape!
All these advice on productivity ultimately seem to wanna turn you into some sort of assembly line robot, achieve maximum productivity, produce!

Well funk that, in the end what matters is persistence. You don't need to work 12 hours per day, heck don't even need to work 8 ;) ;) ;) I mean like everyone knows the productivity window is at best a couple hours. But those couple hours add up and in the end somehow stuff gets done, tasks get completed, company carries on.

And on my own side projects I'm applying the same philosophy. Ideally a little bit from time to time (not even every day coze it starts to look too much like work). And if it happens that I start working and some interruption comes along, so be it, there will be another day. I don't have to ship tomorrow as long as I finish eventually. Over the years this has added up to quite a bit of accomplishments.

So one word: persistence.
This article made zilcho sense to me. I kept waiting for the part where it was going to tell me what was wrong with webhooks, but when it actually did it felt like one of those "where did the soda go" things, with overly-complicated emphasis on things that aren't really problems. "The hidden cost of webhooks" section is basically just complaining that you need to run your own actual server, including "maintain the code". Even that is really overkill because it's easy to set up any number of lambdas/cloud functions/workers to respond to webhooks.

Furthermore, in the "Workflow builder" and "In-browser IDE", all the author is highlighting is the case where the service provider is hosting the handler code, as opposed to the customer. But a whole, major point of webhooks is that they allow clients to run code in reaction to their SaaS APIs' events, but in their own infrastructure. I mean certainly, of course, if the provider wants to take the cost and risk of running their clients' code, that's a great service to provide, but I wouldn't say that highlights the negatives of webhooks.
I love the world that you live in in which this is the only time our medication has been out of stock, rescheduled, etc.

I'm sure you're very well established with a medication I've taken for over 30 years.

If I'm going to "blame the DEA/Gov" about anything it's obviously going to start at "Why is this scheduled what it is, why the hell do I have to renew my script every 30 days like I'm selling it in high school when I've had it for 30+ years?"
That’s because you haven’t looked at what floats are designed for. They were created for the purpose of high performance scientific computing, so they quite deliberately, and explicitly, trade off perfect accuracy for much greater performance.

Computers are perfectly good at providing infinite precision numbers and doing arithmetic on them, and most languages expose explicit number types for that purpose. But there’s a reason why floats are called floats, and not numbers. It’s because floats aren’t numbers (at least not base 10 numbers)! They’re a pretty accurate, but highly performant, approximation of base 10 numbers.
Poe's law is strong here. Anxiety obviously evolved as an adaptive trait.
That's easy. We just need to halve class sizes, fire half of the administration, double the pay for teachers in the worst districts, and raise the floor of the child social safety net to the point that even having complete fuckups for parents won't ruin your life.
Agree this should be addressed. They explicitly deprecate text/yaml, but don't justify the choice.

I could speculate that the YAML spec assumes full Unicode repertoire, and the only choices are UTF-8/16/32 BE/LE. But text/* allows (encourages) middle-boxes to guess and translate encodings to local standards (e.g. sniff Latin-1 and "helpfully" rewrite to 8859-9) to allow legacy clients to read text. A yaml file is more data than text, so text/* isn't appropriate. Similar to application/json.

Not sure I agree, but my smallest complaint about yaml.
I believe that's referring to "shipment" in the sense of "when this gets mailed", not the arrival time like we were discussing? I guess it might depend on where the delays were incurred, and what exactly was promised.
You're getting dogpiled on for not knowing this, but it's a reasonable question. If you're not one of the ~5% of the US population (0.2% of the global population) that lives in the part of California indicated on this map [0], the only interaction you might have had with PG&E is when they sparked a forest fire that caused smoke to cover most of the United States in 2018 [1].

[0] https://www.pge.com/tariffs/assets/pdf/tariffbook/ELEC_MAPS_...

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Fire_%282018%29
Ironically, "snapping out of it" is the best way I can deal with it

No other reasoning with myself works better than just "snapping out"
The vacuum chamber *is* part of the electron gun; it's essentially on the end of the "barrel" to create a vacuum just at the spot of the weld.
Do you not send messages to any Android users? That is incredibly hard to imagine for me.

My friend group is very mixed and Signal is what we use.