skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Who said anything about errors? I was referring to APIs. Often, I'll enter a Python standard library function as a Google search hoping to get to the Python docs so I can see the proper documentation for that function. It's quite often that the link to the Python docs is not in the first "screen" of results. Instead I get 3rd party sites that explain how to use that API.

For some APIs, it definitely saves more time putting it into the flashcard. The overall time it takes to type it, and then review it over the next so many years, can be less than it takes to search it, click, and then read the Python docs over and over.

As Michael Nielsen pointed out:

> In an appendix below I estimate that for an average card, I'll only need 4 to 7 minutes of total review time over the entire 20 years. Those estimates allow for occasional failed reviews, resetting the time interval.

(He's excluding the time to type, which could be another minute or so). So anything that takes, say, 10 minutes to repeatedly look up and read over your life is better suited to be in your flashcards. If you don't think you'll need to look it up often enough, leave it out.
https://xkcd.com/538/

Countries have this neat tool called violence that tends to override all security whenever humans are a linchpin
"China Banished Cryptocurrencies. Now, ‘Mining’ Is Even Dirtier."

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/climate/bitcoin-china-ene...
Localized pricing just adds noise to data. Intermittent updates combined with possibility of input error also creates issues.

Retailers that utilize price zones typically have the baseline price that drives the prices for each price zone (e.g. set prices in California to be 10% more than baseline). Getting the baseline price in an automated way is the ideal solution.
Given the current geopolitical landscape, I'm not sure it's utility is overall positive.

Now, I'm myself torn on this, but I wonder.
> I cannot tell you how many devices or software have had a notice of "just disable IPV6, that will fix X" and it's worked perfectly.

I’ve heard this advice dozens of times, but it hasn’t worked once, to the point where I firmly believe that everyone giving out such advice either completely doesn’t care or know anything about networking, or, is suffering from some sort of a mental difficulty.
I went down the rabbit hole and now feel comfortable claiming I do understand both the programming language and the NixOS module system, which is effectively an embedded DSL, as well as a decent chunk of the nixpkgs conventions.

And it certainly is a great feeling, but I'm not yet sure it's really "worth it". Of course the effect is great, but it was also an enormous amount of work to get there.
Make sure to read Ra as well. One of my favorite webfics. https://qntm.org/ra
And in a few months they pivot to a new obsession (e.g. quantum computing) and fire everybody without a community college course in quantum physics on their resume.
It became that when it became available.???

exec: I'm sick of that red indicator light?

minion: They just came out with a blue LED we can try.

exec: Perfect. Use it on everything. Our products will look different, and people will like it
Well, I meant it by cost.

The marginal costs for those top 2 are quite public. For electricity it's negative, electric cars cost some 30% more than normal ones.

They are reasonably easy to estimate for things like spreading carbon-capturing rocks around (or you can use the price of phosphate-rich rocks, it should be similar). It's not a very expensive thing to do, but way more expensive than those 2.

Marginally, there isn't a lot of synergy between those different options. But if you push them to levels much higher than the ones we have now it becomes clear that decarbonizing electricity will become a bottleneck to almost everything.
Your suspicions are wrong, but you're welcome to add to the debate if you have anything to contribute.
I have a few colleagues that develop on windows. They all work in a WSL2 environment, and it seems like they really like it. It seems like they have good compatibility with linux dev environments with the bits of windows they like.
PoW is stupid and currencies need to evolve off of this.

Within Crypocurrency world there are Bitcoin maximalists who believe it is the only true coin and probably like PoW.

However other ones are moving to PoS which is better for the environment.
Can’t comment on security but reckon they can make it secure.
You can't engineer your way out of a social dilemma. If the government says "anyone caught using bitcoin goes to jail" and actually puts effort into enforcing it, all the fancy engineering in the world isn't going to help you, unless you never want to actually use it in the real world.
This was a civil case, not a criminal case. Steyn and Simberg were not prosecuted for their speech. They were asked to be held accountable for a tort. Different standard. That said, Steyn and Simberg would almost surely not be in the position that they find themselves now if they had simply refrained from using three words: Jerry, Sandusky, molested.
Right, as is fining them millions of dollars for disagreeing with you. I’m honestly fine with that, my complaint is the hypocrisy of conflating political actions with science.
> "I know how machine learning and statistical computing works, therefore I am an expert in hardware design" fallacy.

A typical case of engineer's disease.
see https://viralinstruction.com/posts/mojo/. this compares a Rust parser that does some validation to a Mojo "parser" that doesn't do any.
uids are definitely not pii
The original estimate is "0.6% to 2.3%" -- only reporting the high end of this figure is misleading, even if we accept the premise that the underlying report [1] is correct.

[1] https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=61364 is the EIA report, which in turn references [2]

[2] https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci, which uses a series of approximations based on economic and technical factors (https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci/methodology)
On the first project where I was team lead one of my team members was laid off and nobody told me. I worked with her on Thursday, took a PTO on Friday, and on Monday around noon noticed she hadn't been in at all. I asked the guy who sat in the space next to her, and he told me she had been laid off on Friday. I had no idea there had been any layoffs as there wasn't an email sent out like in earlier rounds. Turned out she was the only person laid off. Really weird way of handling things.
Some of those are pretty bad. "New Nintendo 3DS" particularly so. Man, I didn't realize how much of the DS line I missed.

Some of them I don't mind too much. The XL and Lite SKUs make sense to me, presuming they mean what they appear to.

3DS makes intuitive sense to me, it's clever.

There's a separate conversation to be had about whether it's too many SKUs (probably) but name-wise I only really hate "New Nintendo" and DSi. DSi only because it's far less intuitive than the others.
yeah the color if off and you can see that it's obviously a vector graphic... it's kind of posterized
Also good for edge case use.

I use CNN Lite to read the news on my TRS-80.
Saving Electricity (1998 – 2023)
> Like, no one thinks data centers for AWS are bad.

In a world of dwindling EROI and exponential carbon emissions, all data centers are bad.

If we cared about the future at all, we'd be switching them off and triaging our energy use.
If this is economically unproductive work, why are the miners being rewarded for it? Is it just that the market hasn't figured out what the detractors here seem to know? Or is it that they don't understand as much about economics as they think they do?
Except it's not a free market.

Those same regulators also give tax breaks to large inefficient corporations and tell small businesses they must close down for arbitrary intangible public health reasons, while the large corporations can remain open.

In both examples, it's the regulators whom are detrimental to society, not the free market.

Virtually everyone that champions regulations are not for regulation, but for imposing political will in a way favorable to them. I know this because these people freak out and think it's the end of the world when there's a seat change in politics and the very same regulators they loved are now imposing political will in a way that's unfavorable to them. They also seem to believe in democracy, but only if when they win.
> as soon as you do anthing offchain, bitcoin doesn't protect you

except that most, if not all, off-chain networks are still based on-chain and have mechanisms for being a relatively secure way for exchanging day-to-day without having to settle on-chain for every transaction
Sweden doesn't need employees to do damage, they outsourced that to eastern Europe.

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/01/sweden-sc...
All of that is true for those offenses, but it is not true of speech. A plaintiff is required to prove actual damage for there to be defamation, and the jury here acknowledged that the actual damages were worth approximately nil. That means that there should be no defamation verdict, or at the very least that punitive damages should be <$10.

The rule of thumb for punitive damages in the US is a 4:1 ratio, with 10:1 or higher being almost certainly unconstitutional barring extreme circumstances. Even in those cases we're looking at ratios of 500:1, not 1m:1.
I would use IPv6 but my ISP doesn't support it. :-)
> Energy consumption is frankly not a phenomenon I give two shits about, as an environmentalist. Fossil fuel consumption is.

If an org has a big polluting coal plant powering a bunch of crypto miners and with a wave of a magic wand I give them an equivalent amount of clean renewable energy, they wouldn't turn off the coal plant, rather they would just double the number of hashes they are pumping out.

Proof of work is designed to be as wasteful as possible, it will never ever be efficient or environmentally friendly.
Glimpses of Tomorrow – Feb 2024
The energy market already works like this today (sans blockchain), any multinational provider is doing energy arbitrage across different markets and energy sources (electrical production, natural gas, etc)
If you're used to building your PCs, you can build an 8-core workstation with a bunch more RAM for about $4000. While it's about double what you might spend on a similarly capable commodity desktop, you're getting a Libre boot process, fewer blobs, and a different class of chips.
What does outbound in point 5 refer to ?
Since the negative externalities are not accounted for, none of us are truly paying for it.
A true free market would have plane crashes every day and Boeing being hailed for their excellent safety record.
> The "security" of any cryptocurrency is proportional to how much energy it wastes

Oops, nope sorry. Most don't use PoW..
The difference is that crypto mining is a purely contrived exercise. BTC could just as easily be allocated based on how many trees you plant. It's arbitrary.
Placing an IV after they had already botched it three times, living on lactated Ringer's instead of real food for the better part of a day, IV sedation anesthesia and its possible complications, (I didn't investigate side effects of the contrast), and the further destruction of bodily autonomy and resulting lack of alertness that comes from all those.
Of course the athletes trom those nations will go to the olympics, just look at how they're going to competitions, just to provide a urine sample, not even participating. Of course 'clean', to current testing standards at that point in time. It's also extremely useful to have your national anti-doping agency just help you improve your detection-evasion game, determining the limits of how much, what and when to consume the drugs.

They don't get tested when it matters, just at times they can basically choose, it's not much more than a intelligence test for their team doctors at that point.
Semi related: If you like The Thing (1982), Watts' The Things is pretty great: https://clarkesworldmagazine.com/watts_01_10/
Yes probably all of those things.

I’m not being wide.
Cryptocurrencies are peer-to-peer systems. If you control the network they're on, you can do anything you like.

Take the peer-to-peer traffic of the cryptocurrency network of any area, prevent it from getting outside that area (ie., just block it talking to IPs outside some range) -- then to that network, you can trivially control the total hashing power.

So split any cryptocurrency network into small segements, then add your machine to that network with a false history, design the network to be small enough, and your machine will out-hash the rest, and so it's history will win. Rinse-and-repeat.

It's trivial for any state to take down a cryptocurrency. There's nothing magic about it; it's an incredibly fragile system whose 'safety' relies on no one owning the network, and if that's the case, no one being able to russle-up huge amounts of electricity.

In both cases, this is false for states. So any state, if it wishes, can really do anything it likes.

The global bitcoin system is well within rearch of a hostile state 51%'ing it, even at the global level -- though the cost would be non-trivial. It would be trivial to do it in its own borders though.

As any state, of course will, if you can ever go into a shop and buy somehting with it. At that point you're imperilling a state's ability to use monetary policy to manage its economy, and that's an existential security threat. So bye bye your monopoly money tokens.
SELECT x, random() FROM foo ORDER BY x;

SELECT foo.x, bar.y FROM foo WHERE bar.z > random() ORDER BY foo.x;

SELECT x FROM foo ORDER BY x;
-- Meanwhile, concurrent updates are happening to foo, so re-running the query gets a different result set.

"We choose to do this thing and the others, not because they are easy, but because we ask 'how hard can it be?'"
Part of the problem was that IBM (for reasons that have not been made entirely clear to me ) made Power10 require not only a non-redistributable firmware blob on the chip, but also on the off-board memory controller, making unsellable by anyone not named IBM.
> How do we know that right now it's because of CO2 and not because of some process by the planet?

The short answer is "because there's an entire field of science that models this and figures out what contributes to global climate". Things we know contribute to the global temperature include: the atmospheric composition, the albedo of the surface, and the change in the axial tilt. The latter is currently what we understand to be the main driver of the glacial periods [we are still in the Quaternary Ice Age; we are currently in an inter-glacial period, when the glaciers have retreated toward the poles].

Greenhouse warming was also predicted well before it occurred, if it makes you feel any better; back in the 19th century people said, "Hey, we just found out that CO2 makes greenhouses warmer, and we're burning enough coal to have a measurable effect on the composition of the atmosphere; if this keeps up we should expect the Earth to begin warming up." And then, over the next century, we did and it did.

> I've heard people say that both warmer weather and colder weather are both evidence that the climate-change theory is right.

Warmer and colder weather in various places is expected, but the mean global temperature just keeps going up, up, up. It's not like we're having "coldest years on record" and then going, "Yeah, climate change is confirmed again". We have the hottest year on record, year after year, and then the polar vortex goes all wibbly-wobbly and blasts somewhere with weeks of cold. But the overall global temperature is still pretty damn warm.
We're about to enter a world where wind solar EV have the clear economic advantage over coal gas ice. Production is semi scaled. And yet it is slow as molasses.

Yet the carbon capture people think a cost line item no advantage except regulatory requirement will scale out faster?
Yeah, ok.

Carbon capture and hydrogen cats, science and engineering aside,Val ways trace back to oil and gas media and lobbying. Its just fud at the policy level.
> 51% attack it. If you can outwaste energy, you can hijack the system

Out hashing does not give you any extra powers. Maybe you will be able to rollback a few minutes of transactions, that is all.
> And that's something to be worried about.

not even remotely in my opinion, bitcoin uses cheap electricity, and if carbon-free is cheaper like everyone proposes then it should be quickly adopted by bitcoin miners
> There is no comparison made to the energy consumption of the traditional banking industry, which I am sure is not a particularly energy-efficient industry.

This is your first mistake: the traditional banking system does not have a security model predicated on the ability to waste power. Bitcoin does, and it’s dynamic so there’s no way to waste less power which isn’t explicitly ceding control.

The second error is treat the two as comparable without recognizing that one of them is used daily by millions of people making billions of transactions, and the other has almost no real world adoption. That matters in two ways because it’s not just that bitcoin uses more power to do so much less but also that the real financial system has higher power draw for work in addition to processing transactions. For example, Visa can do on the order of tens of thousands of transactions per second versus Bitcoin’s 7 but if you are looking at how much power they use, the figures will include running a ton of anti-fraud and other support systems which Bitcoin is missing.
Best reason to go back!
Visa used 189GWh in 2017, worldwide, of which around half was data centres [1]. That handled 111.2 billion transactions, so about 1.7Wh per transaction (half for datacentres).

Bitcoin used 844670Wh per transaction [2].

[1] https://usa.visa.com/dam/VCOM/download/corporate-responsibil...

[2] https://digiconomist.net/bitcoin-energy-consumption
The spins are created by Special Interest Groups from the community. Spins exist if someone is interested in creating and maintaining them, they are not prioritized by the Fedora Project itself.
Ethereum is using proof of stake now.
In the US, speech has higher protections than other malfeasance. You cannot legally be punished for defamation if your words caused no harm, regardless of your intent.
The conflict of self-interest and common good becomes especially perverse when power utilities themselves start mining coin at their own facilities (for additional profit). https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ameren-deploys-bi...
Yes, they made a super edgy comparison to pedophilia, but it is pretty clear they aren't saying Mann is a pedophile. In fact, they even say he doesn't molest children:

> Mann could be said to be the Jerry Sandusky of climate science, except for instead of molesting children, he has molested and tortured data
Corporations were also engineered to be un-killable. The way to reach them is to go after the people who run them. Obviously, if that’s the analogy, then the miners are quite secure anyway.
only of the global network. states own the network infra in their borders, so they can partition it to any size they wish.
>re: 4

"The results of this survey show that the members of the BMC and participants in the survey are currently utilizing electricity with a 63.1% sustainable power mix."

https://bitcoinminingcouncil.com/

The BMC is mostly composed of US miners.
Nope. I'm just pointing out that the energy isn't wasted and it's is appropriately proportional to the task it faces.

It would be a much worse world if basic utilities started refusing to provide service just because they had opinions about your usage and emotionally didn't like it.
Who is "they" ? Sovereign funds or faang?
It's a bit perplexing that an article that make some claims about QUIC speed over TCP has exactly zero benchmarks, numbers, anything to back that up besides theory.

I could be inclined to believe it but I'd like to know by which factor, in which circumstances, with real examples and numbers.
Neal Stephensons Anathem is also based on these same ideas- specifically the concepts of timeless physics, and the idea that mathematical and physical existence are identical.
My ISPs lack of support for IPv6 got me into BGP.

I now run my own ASN, rent a server with a BGP session that’s pretty close to my home (~50km/2ms), and tunnel v6 over that.

I have a /32 of v6. That’s 2^96 individual addresses. Or 65k /48s.

It was a great learning experience actually and is within the reach of anyone. You can get a BGP enabled VPS for $5/month, and ASN and a /40 for $50/lifetime.
The package manager is a little slower but `dnf history` is a lifechanger. It's so easy to list the history of all transactions and undo a specific one. There are huge performance improvements coming in DNF5, scheduled for Fedora 41 (this fall).
Here is an hour long video explaining every stage the earth has gone through:

The Whole History of the Earth and Life - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=SkeNMoDlHUU

It's really mind boggling how many times earth has seen a mass extinction, followed by life appearing again.
What would an Xbox without console exclusives even look like?
For EU people, this is a US geostationary satellite so no luck there, We have meteosat but its encrypted and have to pay a fee to use :( , even the russian (non geostationary meteor series) can be accessed freely.
The issue for me is: The button you click in the online store says: "Buy". So you bought it.

The industry can make up whenever bullshit "license agreement" they want and they can even corruptly get the government to take their side in disputes, but the small print can't totally negate the big print. And you can't steal something you already bought.

That said: I personally buy everything I can on disc because I'm never going to win this, haha
I've always wondered about this. I think, if the cost is no issue, replacing electric heaters with powerful computers (or crypto miners) is justified and actually beneficial. If you don't like supporting the crypto world you can always run Folding@home or your favourite distributed computing project to contribute to research and heat your home, all with the same amount of electricity.

Of course, buying heat pumps probably has higher ROI than buying crypto miners for heating...
Seriously, I want to know where OP lives, having an all electric heating setup anywhere in the world where it gets cold enough is incredibly inefficient
Think of all the work that was done on this package INSTEAD the paper the author should have been working on.
Children of Time is great. Children of Ruin was a lot of fun, but I was convinced by friends Children of Memory wasn't worth it.
> Energy consumption is frankly not a phenomenon I give two shits about, as an environmentalist. Fossil fuel consumption is.

Sorry, but this is a ridiculous statement.

Electricity is one of the most fungible things in existence, and renewables don't yet make up 100% of production, therefore any additional consumption _for the most part_ might as well be 100% generated from fossil fuels.

Even if a miner has a contract with a solar farm for all of their power, that's still electricity that someone else could be using instead of electricity from fossil fuels.
Previous discussion, 6 days ago:

"Over 2 percent of the US's electricity generation now goes to Bitcoin (arstechnica.com)"

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39232838

The EIA analysis suffers from lack of comprehensive coverage and equal treatment of energy consumers - e.g. where's the EIA report on energy consumed by running high-frequency trading algorithms, which apparently are involved in 50% of stock market transactions these days? If the EIA's method for calculating cryptomining electricity consumption was applied across the board to all economic sectors, would they end up concluding total consumption was 2X total production or something nonsensical like that?
Copycats did it... thanks to Disney.