skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
we're two orders of magnitude past that stage. a ryzen 7 is ten billion cmos transistors for a hundred dollars, ten nanodollars per transistor. so how much does a minimal computer cost at ten nanodollars per transistor?

the intersil im6100 was a pdp-8 cpu in 4000 cmos transistors, and the 6502 was comparable, but that's with no memory other than the cpu registers. for a useful microcontroller you probably need about 8192 bits of instruction memory and a few bytes of ram, so let's round up to 16384 transistors for a whole computer. an 8051, with built-in instruction eprom and 128 bytes of ram, was 50k. the arm2 without ram was 27k. an avr, with built-in ram and flash, is 140k. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count

at that price, counts of 16384 to 131072 transistors work out to 0.016¢ to 0.13¢. but the cheapest computer you can buy today is a padauk pms150c https://www.lcsc.com/product-detail/Microcontroller-Units-MC... which is 4.2¢ in onesies (and 2.43¢ in quantity) with 64 bytes of ram and 1024 13-bit words of one-time-programmable prom for the program https://free-pdk.github.io/chips/PMS150C. that's 150× more; in the day of moore's law doublings every two years that would have been 14 years, but now it's probably longer. (incidentally this same blog looked at them a few years ago https://cpldcpu.wordpress.com/2019/08/12/the-terrible-3-cent...)

ergo we've been at the stage where the packaging of the chip costs more than the computer inside it since about 02009

(obviously the ryzen 7 cpu costs a great deal more than its packaging, though, because that's what you have to do when you're competing on computrons per dollar rather than gpios per dollar. in theory for 2.43¢ you should be able to get 2.4 million transistors, enough for about 300 kilobytes of rom or a 50 kilobytes of sram, or half that together with a 486 or a quad-core arm3. presumably padauk is not doing this because they're using long-obsolete semiconductor process nodes, which is also why their chips are so power-hungry)
If Christopher Columbus can be Italian, then Jesus Christ can be considered a Palestinian.
How well does GPT Vision read it?

I always used GPT-V for reading thorny documents (e.g. medieval French handwritten letters) and it would do a spectacular job, but they hobbled it at some point to tone down its enthusiasm for translation, so a lot of the time you have to tell it that it's important to your dead grandma's career or other tricks to get the output.
There is no security at all on many infrared traffic signal overrides. You can easily hack them, you just have to decide if it’s worth the risking being charged with a crime that carries a minimum 6 month prison sentence.
chiplets still lose area to scribing and dicing
For me I spent years with this person doing community work. Door to door type grassroots stuff. He started a promising venture and I joined. One year in and it’s fantastic. We’re on the same page, we talk often, and there’s 100% trust.

I’ve even recruited other mutual friends to join and it’s been great.

The truth is, not all your friends will have great ideas, as much as you love and care for them. And the other truth is that when everything is going well, it’s easy to have good working relation ships.
It’s when people are struggling for their next checks do things become strained - doubly so when they’re your friend.

Choose your ventures carefully, whether they’re your friend or not.
Automated rolling systems work on specific roads designed for it.

The suggested mandate is for all roads, which introduces crosstalk errors in the system decoding the environment.
Here's Google Fonts filtered for variable only: https://fonts.google.com/?vfonly=true
Can you give any sense of numbers because my intuition is telling me the process should be a win.

If it takes N days of very expensive process to make a mask and the mask can be used M times with cheaper process, what are the thresholds where it is not cost effective?
Maslow never described his needs hierarchically. The whole "pyramid" thing came from some consultants in the 1960s who misinterpreted Maslow's writings.

Makes it hard to take this article seriously.
Ask HN: How to track subjects in HN like a particular programming language?
I love HN, but was wondering if there was a way to filter all postings by keyword such as keeping track of all the submissions involving "Lisp" or whatever.
Impressive, very nice. Let's see Harvard's mentions.
Natural language can conjure the visual imagination of intuition, but it is less specific than images themselves.

Einstein reportedly ran thought experiments in his imagination.

His intuition was visual and dynamic.

That is images that change - animations.

A natural language description of relativity is one step removed from the moving images of Einstein's intuition.

Fields are not grounded in everyday experience but most modern movie-goers are happy with rapid and grand changes of scale and thanks to wizard and superhero movies there exists a sophisticated visual grammar of rapidly propagating fields, strange paradoxes and simultanous weakly interacting realities.

Many of the concepts of quantum field theory can be grasped by a wide audience when presented as animations.
it feels nerfed.
Keep in mind that we for all the talk of 'abandoning' the Newtonion paradigm, it's predictions are still valid for a large space of conditions. Eg NASA uses Newtonian mechanics to fly all their spacecraft.

Special relativity includes classical mechanics when speeds are low. In the same way, any replacement for Maxwell's paradigm must reproduce the predictions of Maxwell's equations under the large swathe of conditions where they agree with reality.
Servers are (probably) starting to drop serial ports
Please don't post like this. We have to ban such accounts and I don't want to ban you.

See https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39173369 for more.
>you create a device, and all the dev tools around it, should a government be able to force you to give it away and support people using it for free?

they aren't using it for free, though. These are $1000+ luxury hardware powered by software that developer pay a yearly license to develop for (and because Apple has no modern server OS, these devs also buy into said $1000+ hardware).

At this point I see it as rent-seeking since essentially they are saying that companies need to retroactively pay for software they made decades ago, even if they want to bypass it.

>in the end Apple can say "hey we are selling the dev kit for $500k, only good for this major version of the OS" and that will be the end of that.

that would honestly be a better deal. $500k for a dev kit for a large gaming company would pay for itself if it can make $2m+ or so in revenue (after advertising budgets). It would be catastropic for indies but indies aren't likely to see alternate stores as is.
Scientific advancement requires both brains and knowledge transfer over generations.

"If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
The fields decrease in strength with distance, the square of distance for electric fields.

Your cellphone transmits at 1 watt and you put that at a distance of zero from your brain and reproductive organs.

If you are worrying about power lines you should worry about cell phones too
Admittedly the tools to make the mathematics more compact and clearer weren't invented yet (except as quaternions).

We did get stuck with Gibbs' vector calculus formulation as the canonical view unfortunately.
Mostly convention, but some minor adva tages I can the of:

- 'knots' is faster to say on the radio than 'kilometers per hour'

- the way the world is divided in wgs84, maked it so that 1 degree of latitude equals exactly 60 miles. So that makes quick measurements a bit easier.
I think you miss the point of security through obscurity. It's not about keeping the information itself obscure (in your example login information), but rather the method. For example, your password hashing mechanism. If you have a strong password hash function, you don't need to obscure which hash function you use (otherwise, open source software couldn't even exist in certain areas). However, if your security relies on you obfuscating your broken, home-made hash function that only hashes the first three letters of the password, you're not really secure. Security through obscurity is an attempt at securing an otherwise unsecure system by hiding or disguising the implementation.

That being said, obscuring parts of an otherwise secure system is fine as an additional layer, especially if you just want to deter script kiddies that always hammer the same endpoints
If later input overwrites previous input in the internal state, it means the model does have a limit to how much input it can "remember" at any given time and that limit is less than infinite.
Did jury add anything to the large body of evidence that roundup is basically safe, with only flimsy studies showing effect more flimsy than your average psychology paper, despite being one of the most scrutinized chemicals in existence, and despite being used on massive scale?

Agreed on by multiple large scientific bodies, including the EPA.

Nah, they just reacted to a sob story. No different than NIMBYs playing up the "grandma vs evil developers", politicians pulling a "just think of the children", etc. Utterly disgusting.
Direnv in itself is a quality of life improvement, whether you use nix behind it is optional
My point is that it isn't population considerations that make physicians reluctant to treat many cases of prostate cancer, but balancing relatively low risks of the cancer being aggressive against quite severe quality of life degradation for the individual patients. I really don't see how my post would be considered hostile.
In a competitive market, insurers don't really care one way or another whether something should be covered or not: they just adjust premiums accordingly.

(Ideally, as a customer you'd have a choice between plans that do and do not cover a particular treatment.)
People forget that Maxwell's Theory contradicts the prevailing belief of the time that waves ALWAYS require a medium for propagation--the so called "aether".

That's a really large conceptual jump and physicists did not make that jump lightly or easily.

Maxwell's paper was 1865. The Michelson–Morley experiment was 1887. Michelson himself couldn't make the shift. Quoting Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelson%E2%80%93Morley_exper...): "The negative result led Michelson to the conclusion that there is no measurable aether drift.[1] However, he never accepted this on a personal level, and the negative result haunted him for the rest of his life (Source; The Mechanical Universe, episode 41[8])."

In an attempt to preserve "aether", Lorentz contraction then enters the picture as an ad hoc explanation for the Michelson-Morley result. It turns out Lorentz contraction is correct, but not because of the existence of "aether" but because of the constancy of the speed of light--c (Einstein Special Relativity--1905).

Once you finally give up on "aether" after 40 years of trying otherwise, you can finally just roll with the mathematical implications of Maxwell's equations.
Your step four is incomplete. In addition to accepting a new normal, we put limits on technology and address the harms. We didn't roll over and accept, say, the destruction of the ozone layer. We put restrictions on the use of CFCs, and we invented new refrigerants that were much less harmful. Though there has been some recent backsliding due to rogue emitters, these measures were effective at stopping and eventually reversing the degradation of the ozone layer.

Some more examples include unleaded gasoline, breaks without asbestos, paint and cosmetics that don't include heavy metals, light bulbs that are much more efficient, etc. We've also figured out how to make fuels that don't contain all much sulfur, thus avoiding issues with acid rain.

This is an attitude I see on HN a lot. Technological innovation is seen as unstoppable and all powerful - until it's time to innovate new ways to address the problems we've created, and then there's apparently no possibility of coming up with innovative solutions. We're to accept ourselves as passive actors, caught up in the currents of history, with no agency to alter course.

An example that I find haunting is OceanGate and Stockton Rush. Rush was all for being innovative when it came to novel submersible construction. But when his engineers wanted to inspect the hull for degradation - can't be done, the hull is too thick to scan. You might expect someone who views themselves as a fearless innovator to see that as an opportunity to develop a new methodology or technology. But Rush was only a fearless innovator when it pleased him, and so he took himself and his customers to their deaths.

Frankly I think this attitude is a bad excuse, and not one that society will tolerate forever. This is the path to crippling regulations and trust busting. We can't just foist our externalities on the rest of society forever and not expect them to eventually decide we're incapable of self regulating.
GPT gives me:

Serving Size: 1 Bar (68g) • Calories: 240 • Total Fat: 5g • Saturated Fat: 1.5g • Trans Fat: 0g • Cholesterol: 0mg • Sodium: 150mg • Total Carbohydrate: 44g • Dietary Fiber: 4g • Sugars: 23g • Other Carbohydrates: 17g • Protein: 10g • Vitamin A: 30% • Vitamin C: 90% • Calcium: 25% • Iron: 10% • Vitamin D: 10% • Vitamin E: 100% • Thiamin: 10% • Riboflavin: 15% • Niacin: 15% • Vitamin B6: 20% • Folate: 20% • Vitamin B12: 15% • Biotin: 10% • Pantothenic Acid: 20% • Phosphorus: 10% • Iodine: 10% • Magnesium: 5% • Zinc: 10% • Selenium: 10% • Copper: 8% • Manganese: 10% • Chromium: 6% • 70% Organic Ingredients

The ingredients listed on the label are as follows:

Organic Brown Rice Syrup, ClifPro® (Soy Rice Crisps [Soy Protein Isolate, Rice Flour, Barley Malt Extract], Organic Roasted Soybeans, Organic Soy Flour), Organic Rolled Oats, Chocolate Chips (Dried Cane Syrup, Unsweetened Chocolate, Cocoa Butter, Lecithin, Vanilla Extract), Organic Cane Syrup, ClifCrunch® (Organic Oat Fiber, Apple Fiber, Inulin [Chicory Extract], Organic Milled Flaxseed, Organic Oat Bran), Organic Date Paste, Organic Sunflower Oil, Molasses Powder, Sea Salt, Natural Flavors, Cinnamon. Vitamins & Minerals: Dicalcium Phosphate, Magnesium Oxide, Ascorbic Acid (Vit. C), DL-Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate (Vit. E), Beta Carotene (Vit. A), Niacinamide (Vit. B3), Ergocalciferol (Vit. D2), Thiamine Mononitrate (Vit. B1), Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vit. B6), Riboflavin (Vit. B2), Cyanocobalamin (Vit. B12).

ALLERGEN STATEMENT: Contains Soy. May Contain Traces of Milk, Peanuts, Wheat, and Other Tree Nuts.
Haha, honestly I don't have much of a real opinion on this topic. I do suggest the scale, though. I find I get much more consistent results. Even if it's set to ounces ;) The error bars on "one cup of flour" IME are enormous.
Try this: https://hw.leftium.com/#/item/39132453

I have a bookmarklet that toggles between hw.leftium.com and news.ycombinator.com

(If you click on a comment's timestamp, you can see the top level replies to that comment in the same way)
I’ve lived in the Bay Area and LA and have never seen one next to a freeway at least. Maybe a bit next to 101 between the cities, but they never go through or provide much access to the freeway (they didn’t provide parallel access to the freeway, on and off ramps were normal).

Definitely not a huge road actually named Frontage Road that I found common in Mississippi and when I did a stint in Austin.
Other rule of thumb I picked up - don’t do special deals. You have to treat them like you would any company you don’t entirely know, and if you’re managing your friends expect them to do the same - or encourage them to if they don’t.

At the end of the day, the founder gives way to a board they need to answer to.
My bad. Didnt show on mobile.
i don't have personal experience with this, but i imagine so, because if you plug your vape into a charger, you can smoke it in an hour or two, and if you buy a cigarette at the convenience store that's a block away, you can smoke it in two minutes

maybe you live somewhere without convenience stores
>the rest of the things you say you support is a sure-fire way to make sure no company would risk anything to make devices / inventions so valuable that they become an integral part of your lives.

yeah, sounds better than this future where they embrace, extend, and extinguish with the mindshare gained before pulling wool over the customer's eyes.

And this isn't new. This is the entire reason behind anti-trust. Because it's not in the government's best interest to allow Microsoft to push out other browsers. Post-innovation runs down a road to greed and corruption, which stifles future innovation for current convinience. It's never worth it.
There are tolling systems that assign different tolls to different lanes and different vehicles on the same road. It would be prohibitively expensive to put on all roads, but the technology exists and it works.
It's not a typical intro to theory but the "pop psychology" book This Is Your Brain On Music by Daniel J. Levitin includes something like what you're asking for: What is pitch, why do our brains "like" certain combinations of pitches and dislike others, etc.

It's a fascinating book in its own right on a bunch of theories about the neurology of music but it includes a very basic introduction to theory at the beginning.
yes, i thought that was too obvious to be worth saying, but i'm glad you've said it so the knuckle-dragging contingent don't think i'm endorsing their untutored 'theories'

for that matter i use the aristotelian paradigm of physics when i expect my bed to stop moving when i stop pushing it across the floor; i don't bother with calculating the deceleration due to the friction coefficient with the floor
Attention is, after all, not what you need.
The other reply was my experience too. Ordered a large box of a food product, arrived expiration date the same week (technically a best by date, but I doubt it would be good by the time I finished all of it). The site said no returns on food, contacted support, got a chatbot that told me the same. Went through to a person and they credited my account.
Background: I'm a solo operator with a consulting business

> * What types of activities, both business and personal, have you found to be effective to pay others to do?

When I started out, I undertook all tasks myself. Not just because I was being frugal (which I was), not just because I wanted control over every aspect of the business (I did) but also I was actually interested in getting exposure to areas that were outside my wheelhouse. Even the initial design/creative work for my logo, letterheads etc. (which was not my strength at all) - I just gave myself plenty of time and tried heaps of ideas until finally hitting on something I was happy with that didn't look too amateurish. As it turns out, I haven't had a single customer come to me via my website, have still not printed a single business card and have more work than I can handle.

I also didn't have much of a background in accounting (I took a business studies course 20 years ago when I was in high school), but resolved to learn this as well before engaging a professional to run annual audits and tax filings when things got more established. When it comes to finance, being connected to what is going on in your business is essential. Understanding the relationships between accounts receivable, salaries, general expenses and taxation is crucial to understanding where your business is really at, rather than just looking at your bank balance and assuming that everything is okay because it's still >$0.

> * How do you find people you can trust?

> * How do you navigate getting high quality help versus saving money?

I will always try to get the best/highest quality help I think I can afford, and will find these people through my existing networks, or by simply asking other professionals that I have previously engaged e.g.: Does your accountant recommend any good tax consultants? Does your taxation consultant have a nice website? This is a really simple way to expand your horizons if you don't already have a diverse network to draw from.

> * How much do you value your time (e.g. I'll spend $20 to save an hour of my time)?

This is sometimes not as smart as it seems; for me, I would frame each task more in terms of "Will completing this task teach me something that may be valuable in the future or shape the way the business operates?". And honestly, sometimes tackling a job that isn't anything like the work I do every day is nice for a change.

> Personal:

> * Cooking, cleaning, laundry

> * Shopping

> * Home repairs, car repair, etc

The answer to this is simple. Work business hours, then clock off and do your personal chores on your personal time. The #Grindhustle life might have been cool 10 years ago, but burnout is real and will end up costing you a lot more.

As for simplifying your life - the clothes schtick (Steve Jobs, Elizabeth Holmes, Barack Obama) is more about reducing the number of decisions you need to make in a day. I'm not sure it's a massive time saver, but yeah, I printed some t-shirts for my one-man work-from-home consulting gig that I put on as part of my "ritual" for going to work in the next room ;)
I worked as a freelancer for a friend who's company got acquired by a public company. It wasn't fully smooth. I slacked off at some times and he wasn't fully happy. I didn't formally join the company so didn't receive any stock options etc. However, the relationship stayed strong and we're still friends.

I think it's largely a question of the maturity of the people involved.
The best LED candle/flame simulations are the ones that use many LED's such as:

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B08789LJPS

https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07RBPLRPV

There used to be a company that made 192 LED rechargeable candles which looked like real flames (when behind frosted glass). They have apparently stopped selling them because of all the cheaper ripoffs with fewer LED's and worse algorithms. The many LED flames look more realistic because the light source actually moves, rather than just varying in intensity. They had a bulb similar to the first link above. It's odd that the cheap LED lights don't use a better algorithm, a brownian motion or fractal algorithm with pseudorandom number generator designed for a long sequence before it repeats wouldn't raise the price, it just takes a little more time to implement.
Signing in Four Public Software Package Registries
Alas, no real improvements. Furthermore, what they didn't discuss is the "signing" between developers and maintainers themselves, as was the original idea behind the web of trust.
Scaruffi is also known for his colossal collection of music album reviews.
For me, it's WikidPad, a personal wiki, written in Python. I was all set with Ubuntu about 2 years ago, but had to switch back to Windows 10 because WikidPad, which had all my notes in it, just didn't work properly under Linux. I started missing doctors appointments because I couldn't see them. 8(

There were breaking changes to Python, and to WxPython which made all of the GUI forms break, and I couldn't figure out how to fix it. This has personally turned me against Python, which seems to have a culture of moving fast and breaking things, without regard to the price users pay.

The Windows executable distribution works, and is likely to work for the next decade. There's a stability to the Win32 API and their focus on backward compatibility that Linux just can't match.
An app that wants to be free fro the Google play ecosystem can do so without paying Google. An app that wants to be free from the App Store needs to pay Apple, or set up a company as a non-profit.

You see the parallels and why "I-Droid" won't be a sustainable store?
Another project on the same topic:

Chromatone is an ongoing research and experiment to use induced a synchronised artificial synesthesia for personal music learning and exploration

https://chromatone.center/

https://chromatone.center/practice/