skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I love bit-bashing to squeeze something down to the smallest representation possible. There was a related discussion here on HN recently, where I came up with this:

A good representation needs to keep the full game history due to the no-repeat rule, and also because this is generally useful. There are only 32 pieces so a 5-bit number can select one uniquely. Each piece has a maximum of about 32 positions it can move to on its turn, for another 5 bits. Then the encoding is just 10 bits per ply. Typical games are 40 moves (80 ply) and hence require just 800 bits or 100 bytes for the whole game history. Some additional data is required to track promotions, but that's it.

Then you could get clever with Huffman coding or the like, since some moves are more common than others. E.g.: on the first turn, only the pawns or the knights can move. For quite a few turns, pieces either can't move or are very restricted in where they can move to. Pawns always have so few moves available that their next move could be represented with just 2 bits instead of the full 5. Etc...

In practice, it ought to be possible to get the typical standard game representation down to 8 bits per move or less, especially for short games.

To represent games starting from arbitrary configurations, there needs to also be included 32 6-bit numbers to encode where each of the unique pieces is on the 64-square board. This adds just 24 bytes for this initial "setup".
Concur. See, for example:

https://youtu.be/ne6p6MfLBxc?si=fQCb4CrWy6AOZq7y
> Yes, as I said.

Not at the point I was composing my reply.

> If fusion of load/store instructions is indeed an important part of the RISC-V design

I don't believe that it is. Certainly no RISC-V implementations that are in the hands of customers right now do any fusion and it doesn't seem to hurt their ability to match or exceed the performance of similar Arm cores (A55, A72).

I have heard that some of the companies making very high performance cores (Apple M or AMD Zen class) are incorporating some fusion. Perhaps they will provide compiler patches if required.

> I think that it would pose a problem for compilers that generally assume symmetry (addressing modes supported by loads are assumed to be supported by stores too).

I think they would manage. There is certainly precedent e.g. MSP430 has 4 addressing modes for src operands but only 2 for dst (register, register indirect with 16 bit offset). Plus of course every ISA where its an addressing mode not a different instruction allows "immediate" on a load but not on a store.

> i.e. a fused instruction does not do the same thing as a corresponding architectural instruction, as the fused instruction has more side effects

That can never happen. Fusion will simply not be done in that case.

> but if the integer ISA was designed with support for three source operands from the start, it would be an even better fit for those segments

And I don't think the difference would be enough to measure or care about — single digit percentage on number of clock cycles needed. And meanwhile the simpler core may allow at least the same percentage to be gained as higher clock speed, or more cores on a die, or other compensating factors.
i don't agree that capital letters greatly enhance readability

if they do at all, the benefit is not worth having an entire second alphabet to learn, and deal with, imho (i.m.h.o. i-m-h-o, etc)

there are many other, and better, ways to improve readability
You are describing a library. Those have been around for quite a while.

Nowadays, many do have online offers where you can "borrow" e-books.

Of course, any library's catalogue is probably smaller than Amazons, but they usually are quite up-to-date with mainstream stuff and have more than you could ever hope to read in any case.

Plus you get to have a warm fuzzy feeling for supporting an institution that is really good for your local community :)
I love the copyright description. Is this book full of humor like this?
The problem with debating anything to do with Brexit is the promises that were made to win the vote were, by and large, total lies. There was an argument that we didn't have control of immigration because of the freedom of movement, a big part of that was an insistence that the immigration rate was unsustainable. Post brexit immigration has massively increased. So sure, the predictions about all the negative effects of clamping down on immigration were wrong. But that's because we didn't.

Similarly, the arguments about companies leaving the UK were based on the premise that UK regulation would diverge from EU regulation. But it hasn't.

In a few cases where real regulatory hurdles exist the UK has lost out. I worked for a company that started up an Amsterdam office directly because they needed to be within the EU, and that has genuinely drawn talent away from the UK to the EU. B

So far I think the biggest impact of Brexit has actually been state sector not private - suddenly the UK had to replicate the entirity of EU shared beauracracy. So now for example, we have to independently evaluate all drug approvals in what is basically a pointless waste of time replicating something the EU already did.
If you want something cheap, you could go with Lenovo M720q's:

https://www.servethehome.com/lenovo-thinkcentre-m720q-tinymi...

They have a PCIe slot and can take 8th/9th gen intel cpus (6 core, etc). That PCIe slot should let you throw in a decent network card (eg 10GbE, 25GbE, etc).
I hope you’ve thought long and hard about the ways in which this is going to be abused and considered how you might mitigate it.
Back in 2000s when telnet BBS' are huge, you can fit in a lot of things in a 80x24 screen. Sadly they are slowly dying out.
I'm not sure how many of them are left in the English world, but at least in the Chinese world ptt.cc is still alive.

Here's an example of experience with ASCIIArt/ANSIArt[0], when using telnet based forums:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-ohV6KZsQo

There's also a ANSIArt version of star war, https://www.asciimation.co.nz/ , it used to be a telnet site, but nowadays no one even have the binary to telnet from.
I have not heard of this. Ive also not heard a reference to Portland as major northern city. As soon as I read that I assumed US NE coast.

Why not western ?

Also when you said "us schoolchildren were shown" you are directly implying this movie was (mandatory) shown in schools which based on your reply, is not what happened.

'US children' and network TV would have sufficed for your point.

Honestly your writeup feels purposefully dramatic.
Yes, it can be an endless headache. A company I worked for had acquired a smaller company with some products and services that nicely complimented our own products and services. From the outside it was a good match and for the most part, the integration went well but they had been using Rational Clearcase for over two decades and absolutely didn't want to migrate to git and the rest of our tool suite. They had very little turnover in their IT department and things ran very well for them but higher ups wanted everyone integrated into a single system and the accounting folks wanted to stop paying fees for all the Rational stuff, especially since they hated dealing with IBM. Infosec had pretty much no knowledge of how to best secure anything on that side and the acquired company had nearly no infosec capabilities of their own. When I left, it was still a point of contention that didn't look to get resolved any time soon.
>Then you have a pretty bad worst case as well

It would be really rare though, virtually all positions would be 192bits for the position as such.

I don't think you need en passant for each pawn, there can only be one, so you only need to mark the column, with 3 bits, and there always must be a column where it can't happen, that you can use where there isn't any. Or, maybe it's more, IDK.
There is no gap, or rather it is artificial and created on purpose. The government is accountable (not responsible, there is a difference) for the entire process to work without any gaps.
1. If you _really_ like an album, buy it on Bandcamp, because it gives more money to the artist.

2. If you just listen to the occasional song, listen to them on Spotify. Artist gets _some_ money, but nowhere near as much as #1.

3. If you don't care about the artist getting anything at all, then use workarounds like this tool, or download on torrents.

Most people used to do #3, and are now doing #2. #1 is just not going to happen, because there's too much friction.
Maybe not video but

>Ukraine claims it damaged prized Russian jets using 'cardboard' drones from Australia in a daring raid https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-says-struck-5-russia...
Look, I'm no businessman, but clearly if you manage to attract the right audience and find a way to get paid, you make money.

People asking for disk prices probably have looser standards in terms of UX. That's why it works. Backlinks and an audience who actually doesn't care about UX that much. Doing the same stuff in the fashion industry may not work.
Plume looks so sick. Looking forward to it. A Vim-like modal editing mode would be so cool, I think.
In some regions of the world it increased from X to impossible
IMHO, it's very good summary about war in Ukraine.
I wonder how bulletproof Apple's macOS license is. Perhaps one could find a country where the "you can't run it on non-Apple hardware" clause is not valid, and get some good lawyers. Then just run a standard data center with normal multi-socket virtualization servers, and for each one buy a dead mac to have the rights to the software. Perhaps one could hot glue a powered off Apple motherboard inside of this server and claim that it is Apple hardware now.

Maybe it's risky, but you could easily compete on the per hour price with these shops, that have to buy actual macs, disassemble them and run all this custom infrastructure to support this.
I really hope this comes combined with some serious thinking about the power grid. London is already constrained and we're literally talking about limiting planning permission for new houses because there's no capacity in the power grid for them. Just one more thing screwing our housing market.
I do not think most things are "theoretically knowable", since knowledge is comprised of finite concepts conjoined in finite ways; and most of reality is uncomputable.

You cannot know the state of the climate, even in principle.

This is what the commenter was alluding to when they said,

> there is some information-theoretic barrier for us to understand

So the commenter can both maintain there are theoretical barriers to the possibility of all kinds of knowledge, which is outside of "knowable physics" without having any sort of dualistic view that this unknownable stuff is immaterial.

So to be "outside of physics" is not coextensive with being "immaterial".

You might have meant that, but it is this very conflation which has to be undone to understand OP's point
I'm pretty sure this website is not compliant WRT affiliate links, you need to disclose them and be upfront about them
Ask HN: What's your experience of learning to type?
Bit of a shower thoughts situation... I was recalling what it was like as a kid to learn to write using a pencil/pen; these memories are relatively vivid. I realised that I can't recall the same about learning to type.

I figure I would recall being intrigued by the keyboard's layout, the feeling and function of it, and recall finding it cumbersome at first and then finding it progressively easier. But no, I feel like I've just... always known?

So I'm curious to know how others experience this.
No UNIX greybeard were involved in this project. They would have also proposed SNAIL, "SNAIL's Not An Investigative Lander"
The obvious alternative to London is Dublin which is HQ for a lot of tech companies already - so maybe it doesn't fall under 'emerging'
That isn't a very accurate characterization.

At the time, there was no significant population of settlers in the area. Most people were either fully or at least partly Indigenous like the Metis.

The goal was to protect First Nations from American settlers and prevent violence between the two which would trigger US military intervention.

This occurred in the wake of the Cypress Hills Massacre:

> The Cypress Hills Massacre occurred on June 1, 1873 [...]. It involved a group of American [...] hunters, and a camp of Assiniboine people. [...] The Cypress Hills Massacre prompted the Canadian government to accelerate the recruitment and deployment of the newly formed North-West Mounted Police.

> [Canadian Prime Minister John A.] MacDonald's principal fear was that the activities of American traders such as the Cypress Hills Massacre would lead to the First Nations peoples killing the American traders, which would lead to the United States military being deployed into the NWT to protect the lives of American citizens on the grounds that Canada was unable to maintain law and order in the region.

> The creation of the police force also had a political motive. The investigation into the massacre was to ensure that First Nations in the area were able to trust the Canadian government. The investigation would require international cooperation of two federal governments, and the North-West Mounted Police would take measures to make examples out of international criminals. Although ultimately no prosecution took place, the willingness to seek justice for any Canadian contributed to the establishment of peace between the NWMP and First Nations.[9]

Establishing trust and security with the First Nations was a key motivation:

> The creation of the police force also had a political motive. The investigation into the massacre was to ensure that First Nations in the area were able to trust the Canadian government. The investigation would require international cooperation of two federal governments, and the North-West Mounted Police would take measures to make examples out of international criminals. Although ultimately no prosecution took place, the willingness to seek justice for any Canadian contributed to the establishment of peace between the NWMP and First Nations.
If you've never used lambda calculus I would highly recommend trying haskell.
Heuristics suggest that it's a lisp.
Test environments serve the production purpose of testing software.
You don't necessarily have to just click buy with Paypal and have it turn up. You could also fly out to China and have a look first. Actually one thing I've noticed is Alibaba makes it easy to contact the seller directly whereas ebay and Amazon try to prevent that.
At least I can fully access the page content and doesn't ask me to register to read the rest of it.
I see yours (from another post) too. I'll try to stick to drab, grey language in formal communication. After all, "the nail that sticks up gets hammered down", and I've got no desire to paint a target on my back.

Out of curiosity, how would we reword the verb form? Eg "Language whitewashing squicks me out"
Trust is one thing but it is also a matter of legal and fiduciary responsibility.

They simply *are not able* to do it for legal reasons. When a cloud provider contract is signed it is chock full of liability and CYA language to make sure that if the provider makes a boo-boo and the data gets exposed/lost/damaged/etc. they will get hauled in court and driven bankrupt.

The reason for this are often laws - e.g. something like payroll or personal information (e.g. HR) is heavily heavily regulated by law and exposure or loss of such data would get the company in hot water with the regulator. So any service provider must guarantee that this won't happen.

The other reason are contractual relationship with their customers - customer information is heavily NDAed, you can't just share it with whoever you want or even upload it into any sort of cloud. E.g. we have at work restrictions even on things like which geographical location the data can be uploaded to and which not, even on the same cloud provider! The customers don't want to take any chances that e.g. some government will want to "take a peek" - and then e.g. share the information with their competitor. This did happen before.

Good luck to a startup with no name and that can be gone tomorrow with this. Simply isn't going to happen.
That is not Chrome, rather a Safari skin, which matters from Web developer point of view, where Google has turned the Web into ChromeOS.
Ha, nice to see this on HN: this article was pretty helpful to me to understand the concept a few years back when extending my PEG parsing library [1] with a Pratt parser; this mitigates the problem of PEG parsers not allowing left recursion and allows for a much more concise notation of grammars with operator precedence. Thank you Bob:

1. https://github.com/zevv/npeg#precedence-operators
Because requests like that are just the tip of the iceberg. I think it's a reasonable response to resist groups who are trying to aggressively effect cultural change in ways with which I disagree.

And as the other commentor said, I won't complain about whatever terminology you use when you write or speak, but I expect the same respect in return.
> Similarly, the arguments about companies leaving the UK were based on the premise that UK regulation would diverge from EU regulation. But it hasn't.

The Treasury forecast shortly before the referendum predicted a huge drop in investment, leading to a severe recession, starting as soon as there was a vote in favour of Brexit, before it even happened.
It's the common "your data will be used to improve the model that we also offer for sale to your competitors" clause. It's difficult for business people to get on board with the idea that their internal data might benefit competitors.
This is a great summary. Thank you!
To be fair, cheese in most countries are industrial odorless crap. Or if there's some good one, there's often not a lot of diversity. France and Italy are probably the 2 countries where cheeses are "stubborn". If people know other countries with great cheese culture, I'd be curious to know though.
The LLM misinformation problem I was not expecting
"I teach two Master’s-level courses at Georgetown University, and as such, I’ve received guidance on how the program allows the use of tools like ChatGPT and Bard."

I think, at a M.Sc. level, we ought to perhaps move to allowing only peer reviewed material. In any case, the following surely rings some loud alarm bells about student quality and/or their motivation:

"In one example, I saw students reference descriptions of what might be AI-related libraries or software as operating systems. In a recent module on operating systems, for instance, students enthusiastically described ‘artificial intelligence operating systems (AI OS)’ and even ‘Blockchain OS’. There’s just one issue — there’s no such thing as an AI OS or Blockchain OS."
IANAL also; but I don't believe English law works like that. The actions your agent performs while acting under your instructions are, on the face of it, your actions. That doesn't protect your agent from liability, but you may have to defend allegations that you were e.g. recklessly negligent.
Further evidence for the validity of a three-minute speeded reasoning test
Show HN: I made an app people call "Airdrop for Android"
I think you will find that with many other types of technology, due to scale and interoperability effects.

For example, when the automobile breakthrough happened, manufacturers quickly converged to an "average" design that was cheap to manufacture in large numbers, captured the main strengths of the technology, and happened to suit the average small city, rural or suburban lifestyle where most of the potential customers lived.

Now, this machine was not suitable for a small mountain village. Nor was it suitable for dense urban environments. You could design automobiles specifically for those markets - for example, a much more compact closed two seater, that would save fuel, road and parking space. But you couldn't produce it at a scale that could make it profitable against the dominant design, and the clients would face difficulty, risk and even ridicule when using the dominant "big car" infrastructure.

So what we got instead was a redesign of the city to suit the dominant technology variant, with what we can confidently say today were disastrous results. Just like your Jira consultants, starting from the 60s an entire cottage industry appeared advising cities on how to correctly plan road infrastructure of sufficient "capacity", how to set minimum parking requirements, etc.

If you happen to fall right on the average case of a technology, you gain almost magical benefits and substantial competitive advantages. So your competitors will try to emulate your success even if they don't fit the same pattern. If the interoperability and scale effects are strong, and customization is difficult, we should expect a similar pattern to emerge. And with software, you have both insane scale effects (every copy sold after the first costs zero dollars to make), and strong lock-in effects (file formats and protocols, inherent complexity which leads to a limited talent pool - both your employees and suppliers aren't willing to waste time and effort into a custom technological dead-end for which you are the only potential client etc.).
Cybersecurity professionals, in general, eat this stuff up.
The idea of using thunderbolt to extend a motherboard is pretty smart and can be used for many laptops, I wish they would sell this to people who want to reuse some broken laptop and turn it into a server.

Still wondering if it makes financial sense since you could just build a custom rack to pack as many mac minis as possible, even at cost of buying storage from Apple.
Perhaps de jure it's not, but in reality it's clear that Russia is a hyper-centralised city-state (Moscow) in all respects.
Christian theology is heavily influenced by Plato and especially Aristotle, so what you wrote is self-contradictory.

I don't know where you live but it's almost impossible to overstate the significance of Plato on Western thought.
A few years back I had to implement a new parser for a custom expression language to replace an old parser that didn’t give very good errors and was hard to extend. I never did the traditional CS track so parsers were kind of mysterious black magic so naturally first thing I did was search HN.

I stumbled on an older parsing thread [1] with a link to a toy Pratt implementation [2] made by an HNer… and shamelessly ripped it off to write my own production Pratt parser implementation.

Great success! Writing a Pratt parser by hand is a lot easier than I thought and like the comment says, adding type information was trivial.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24480504

[2] https://github.com/mx-scissortail/WebBS
GNU Chess 6.2.8 is fully running in a web browser using exaequOS. It is about 2500 ELO
> Starting in early 2024, tracks must have reached at least 1,000 streams in the previous 12 months in order to generate recorded royalties.

This will take my Spotify income from pitiful to non-existent.

Fuck Spotify.
Sounds like there are some ex-Fujitsu or ex-Post Office staff working at Capita.
So, instead of interfacing with the actual argument (which is that Spotify pays almost nothing and if you really want to support an artist you actually pay them directly), you decide to zero in that one singular platform of many is not available where you think it should be?

If you didn’t want to support artists you can just say so and cut out the gymnastics.
> The UK is gradually becoming irrelevant

I don’t think this is supported by the facts, as much as Brexit was a dumb idea.
The counterpoint is why spend so much effort language policing others words? There is no need to force this change, and it just causes needless consternation. Use allowlist if you must but don’t force your change on me for the sake of your own sensibilities.
Just a few little tweaks would go a long way, akin to the small difference between https://motherfuckingwebsite.com/ and http://bettermotherfuckingwebsite.com/