skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I agree that in theory it would be cool to have C code that uses only defined behavior and works on all platforms for all eternity. However, I think most programs have a fairly clear understanding of what platforms (OS+arch) they are targeting and what compilers they are using to target those platforms.

If the compiler has defined behavior (and you have unit tests for that behavior) on all of these platforms, I don't think it is a huge deal. (Ideally you wouldn't... but sometimes its an accident or unavoidable)

As an example, while struct padding (problem 1) might not technically be in the spec, it is a cornerstone of FFI and every new compiler (that supports C FFI) has a way to compile structs with the same padding.

To my original point, if the article had instead given examples of compilers + architectures that produced different answers, I might feel differently. However, just saying mentioning that these weird edge cases are undefined (in the spec) doesn't mean much to me.
I wrote a parser library based on (slightly extended) Pratt parsing. It's a nice, different location in the design space of parsers. Very declarative, and it allows having great error messages out of the box.

https://github.com/justinpombrio/panfix
So is sabotaging solutions that would make creative work of the same (or superior) quality more affordable. Your ability to produce expensive illustrations hinders my ability to produce cheap textbooks.
> it's merely unspecified - i.e., "depends on the system in a well-known and predictable way,"

I think that should be implementation-defined behavior, not unspecified behavior? IIRC unspecified behavior in C is not required to be known or consistent.
Tertiary strike capability days or weeks after the first and second strikes seems theoretically useful. Being able to launch another strike on your rebuilding target after they've spent time pooling their resources and showing their hand as to where their new major centres are would be especially brutal in keeping them down. 900 nukes today and 100 nukes a week later sounds far more devastating than 1100 nukes today.

It wouldn't surprise me to find some SSBNs are being reserved for such a capability. Gotta maintain your grip on that empire of radioactive dirt once it's all that's left.
That's an interesting idea! Currently, our MouthPad^ employs a capacitive trackpad, which we're working on to enhance sensitivity for 3D tongue tracking. It's somewhat akin to a low-resolution camera – it's effective, but there's room for improvement.

Using that same technology, we're also trying to unlock whispering speech and eventually moving towards fully silent speech capabilities. This will expand the range of intuitive interactions possible with the MouthPad^.

We totally agree — smart teeth are the future. We're looking into developing a 'smart tooth' that could use radar technology for precise tongue tracking. It's a futuristic idea, but that's the direction we're aiming for!
I think it's more like guarantee. If it breaks down in less than 2 years, you get your money back. Still, no one buy a car to only use it for its guarantee period.
That doesn't follow; you can say an item is not in a set without writing out every member of that set. What principle do you claim exists to contradict that claim?
haha, thanks - cheap & cheerful ftw
My understanding is that Google just always did that, it wasn’t in anticipation of the changes here.
> it’s basically the input data compressed with highly lossy compression.

Okay, extract the images from a Stable Diffusion checkpoint then. I'll wait.

It's not like lossy compression CAN'T be fair use or transformative. I'm sure you can imagine how that is possible given the many ways an image can be processed.

> All the corporations that are offering AI as a paid service?

Am I them?
Using manifold-graphql[1], at least on the client side, has had a similar productivity gain here.

1. https://github.com/manifold-systems/manifold/tree/master/man...
The circumstances suggest that it's probably just a simple error and not sarcasm. Not everyone in the world really loves sarcasm so much. People who use it frequently are usually trying to mask a poor imagination and small vocabulary. So I prefer to believe it's just a simple mistake. No big deal.
BG Changer with IP Adaptor with Masks for Consistent Background in Every Frame
And: how could anyone judge the significance of acting asap, at the time?

Yes, novel coronavirus. Potentially a big thing. But not every newly discovered virus blows up like SARS-CoV-2 did...
That's my kind of car. Supposedly gets 32MPG, but it's premium so more equivalent to 28, still decent.
Except there is some very crazy code out there, and if you come across it and took at least one such quiz, you know you'll have to be careful.
Oh, that is great.

For anyone wondering why the card deck has the diagonal stripes on the edge, those are for when you drop the deck and have to put the cards back in order.

And don't get me started on TTS voice-overs! The first time I heard one, I actually thought for a few moments, "There is something wrong with this guy's voice." Then I figured it out.
We’re all (well you know) a bunch of primates who travel from single home suburbs in metal boxes in order to work in front of a screen. Going around worrying about who waters their lawn the most excessively[1] is largely a waste of time.

There are exceptions though for things like droughts. But largely this goes beyond this obsession with looking over each other’s hedges (digitally or actually).

[1] Because the agricultural lobby would like to redirect the focus from them to random suburbanites (see California).
Looks like SQL
Citations very sorely needed on every single one of your wild speculations.
My today’s WTF on the topic. The following C++ returns incorrect value when the argument is 8 or greater:

inline uint64_t makeRemainderMask( ptrdiff_t missingLanes )
{
// This is not a branch, compiles to conditional move
missingLanes = std::max( missingLanes, (ptrdiff_t)0 );
// Make a mask of 8 bytes
// No need to clip for missingLanes <= 8 because the shift is already good, results in zero
uint64_t mask = ~(uint64_t)0;
mask >>= missingLanes * 8;
return mask;
}

TIL the language standard defines right shift operator for unsigned types in a weird way, making so for uint64_t argument, a >> b is equal to a >> ( b % 64 ). I expected zero on the output for b >= 64, not that.
I'm probably becoming more selfish so I guess we'll meet half way. You need to be selfish to survive in this world. I wish I had gone in the other direction. Being too generous with your time sucks bad.
It turns out children are attracted to risk, because safety is boring and evolutionarily disadvantageous when safety culture goes off the rails:

https://monstrum.dk/en/article/extinction-risky-play#:~:text....
Despite it being the first language I ever learned, I don't touch C a lot anymore since I've removed myself almost entirely from the systems space, and undefined behavior isn't even the main reason.

Primarily, I have determined that I really don't like dealing with manual memory management. For all the tasks I'm interested in, C's performance gains over a GC'd language are marginal at best. Number crunching? Julia is competitive with C. Web servers? The JVM will handle it just fine. Microcontrollers? For what I do Lua+NodeMCU or MicroPython does everything I need it to. Reasonably fast command line application? Go's got you covered.

When I do use C in 2024, I pretty much always cheat and use the Boehm GC, which is fast enough for whatever I need it for. I'm not smart enough to know if I handled pointers correctly, and I don't know that I want to spend the time to get smart enough.

Obviously systems C and manual memory management has a place in the driver and kernel world, and if you're genuinely good with it then my hat goes off to you, but I don't feel like it buys me enough today to use it much.
Not to go all achstuushually on you, but it's even worse.

You can only deduct 10% the first year. Every year after is 20%, then year 6 is a "make up" of the last 10%.

So year 1 would be $90k now not $80k.

> Because of the tax code’s accounting conventions, domestic firms ultimately have to deduct 10 percent of costs in year one, 20 percent of costs each year in years two through five, and the remaining 10 percent of costs in year six.

[0]: https://taxfoundation.org/blog/rd-amortization-impact/
This is true. They are just taking a sample from a generated latent space, just like taking a photo of something doesn't make you an artist.
To quote the source:

>Nightshade's goal is not to break models, but to increase the cost of training on unlicensed data, such that licensing images from their creators becomes a viable alternative.

Which feels similar to DRM. To discourage extraction of assets.
Not everybody equates automated scraping for training models and human experience. Just like any other “data wants to be free” type of discussion, the philosophical and ethical considerations are anything but cut-and-dried, and they’re far more consequential than the technical and economics-in-a-vacuum ones. The general public will quite possibly see things differently than the “oh well, artists— that’s the free market for ya, and you lost” crowd.
Please build this, I have been hoping for someone to for decades since living in freezing Madison :)
You're understanding it correctly. The "answer" is that you either take VC investment, borrow money to pay the taxes (in this economy??), or go out of business.
This is just an arena allocator scoped to the process.
Since this seems to be some sort of joke i'm going to provide a "real" answer: write modular software where you can verify that each module is leak proof + use valgrind to actually track and verify you don't have links.

I have written medium to large projects using this approach and a leak-free program is not outside the realm of possible
> Thus, my Rust program balloons forever.

I get the feeling that this might have been response to recent "memory leak" thread(s): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39041520
tinyllamma may fit nicely into this as it is amazingly good for it's size and speed. Not listed though wondering if it will drop in (guess I'll have to check!)
Show HN: UmBox, a Package Manager for Umka Lang
The technology to simulate texture with that amount of detail does not exist yet. HaptX has a few dozen tiny pneumatic pistons poking your hand in various places and that's about the best thing available today.

The industry has really only found use in training so far. But it's pretty promising in my opinion.

As to efficacy, I don't know if there have been rigorous studies yet, the industry is still pretty new. But anecdotally we do see that users build better muscle memory that reduces training time with real world equipment.

The idea is generally to have users do their first round of training virtually instead of with real equipment. Then they require less time with the real equipment and don't make newbie mistakes that break things.

You'd be surprised at just how poor quality the haptics can be and still be convincing. VR has some interesting psychological effects that make your perception of the haptics much better than it actually is. What you see can actually override your proprioception to a large enough degree that we can get away with not being so precise.
Competing languages don’t have spec, so their entire operation is unspecified. If they wrote it down then they would also have UB.
This has what to do with flooding so many fakes of a person that all photos are assumed fake by the public?
Yeah this pretty much sums it up:
https://medium.com/the-spike/evolution-doesnt-give-a-damn-wh...

Also, Pinker isn't a scientist of any sort, he's an accredited and institutionalized evangelist. You guys wouldn't take opinions of someone going to conferences and trying to convert you to use Go lang instead of something else as seriously as those of Guido Rossum would you?

His whole thesis requires an idea of linear progress which is highly contested, and the metrics of happiness he uses also can be easily "Goodhart's Law"ed by him to show whatever he thinks is happening.

I'm not even getting to his Epstein stuff, which some might cry foul about, but I grew up around regular people and not in Silicon Valley, so a liar and a cheat in one field is probably a liar and a cheat in another to me, sorry.
How do you feel about Blazer or is it something you're even exploring?
why couldn't the same privacy laws apply to digital transactions?
Morse code even shows up in some surprising places. The Hyundai Ioniq 5/6 steering wheel doesn't have the usual Hyundai logo. Instead, it has four dots:

• • • •

And that is the letter "H" in Morse code!

https://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/hyundai/ioniq-5/2023/pho...
The most expensive states (except Hawaii) for electricity like Massachusetts and New Hampshire have electricity at about 18 cents per kWh. Hawaii has it at about 30 cents per kWh but they're an island so I imagine that complicates things. In most states it ranges from 9 to 14 cents per kWh.
> How much impact would this question have on the final result for the licensure exam?

Fun fact: I have no idea!

Basically all I know is that (1) tests are scored on a scale from 400 – 600, (2) the minimum passing score is 520, and (3) the test is not graded on a curve. But I don't know why they even bother sharing these numbers, because they don't divulge any information on how they're calculated.

https://www.nystce.nesinc.com/content/docs/NYSTCE_ISR_Back_M...

> Although you do sometimes get weights… the important part is explaining that you evaluate some weighted sum and take the best result.

To be clear, this is a multiple choice question. You need to select (A) Company 1, (B) Company 2, (C) Company 3, or (D) Company 4.
Rebuild search with trust
Says you. You ever put a rocket or a satellite into space?
> You could also define a single REST endpoint that contains all the information to load the page and mimic the GraphQL behavior. But this would just shift the burden of dealing with complexity from the client to the backend. And while that may be viable for simple applications, it would not be in more complex ones.

I don't get it, how is this significantly more complex than what the author suggests? How is this shifting complexity to the backend with REST and not with GraphQL if all you're changing is the transport layer?
To the Corporate Media, Workers May as Well Not Exist
Meta Introduces Self-Rewarding Language Model Capable of GPT-4 Level Performance
If you didn't like these because they're "trick" questions you likely also would not enjoy CppQuiz (https://cppquiz.org/)

However you might well enjoy https://dtolnay.github.io/rust-quiz/

Like the C++ quiz, "Undefined Behaviour" is a valid answer, however, the quiz questions are about safe Rust, so that answer is always wrong.

I still get more than half of them wrong unless given far too long to think about it.
Im no good at predictions but an obvious question for me is how many applications based on these networks are in the wild and successful?

Basically, how well have these frameworks scaled?

Ruby on Rails is a highly successful framework but successful applications based on it would usually be rewritten after reaching a certain size because of scaling/performance/cost issues.
I always thought it would be fun to leave behind my skull for my descendents - something to put on the bookshelf. And then, if I attained infinite wealth someday, I'd create some elaborate, expensive treasure hunt that kicks off when someone fines the micro sd card cunningly embedded in it.

But it turns out that it's illegal to remove parts from a human body in the US. So you'd either have to make a backroom deal or arrange to transport your remains to another country and then ship them back. Lame.
> There is no principle of the universe or across human civilizations that says that you have a right to eat because you produced a creative work.

What does that have to do with rivalry? This doesn't dispute the idea that AI is indeed competing with artists. You're just saying artists don't deserve to get paid.

Regardless, some artists will give up but some will simply be more careful with where and how they post their art with tools like these. AI doesn't have a right to the artist's images neither.
Operation Coldstore was kind of the opposite to the above: Yew and foreign "allies" taking out pesky left-wingers and pro-worker representation.
^ This. It's like saying "I gave someone a gift" and arguing that we don't know what that means because 'gift' also means 'poison' in German. Besides, chances are you are very well aware of all these C corner cases if you are in a system that has 6-bit chars for example.
No, the amount of startup companies using pure JS, alpine, or htmx pales in comparison to the wide usage of Next.js.
Having plenty of existing training data to figure out which the real you is?
I know what you mean. Would love to just have AppKit/UIKit with some platform integrations (e.g. correct widget themes) on other platforms. Closest that exists to that is GNUStep, but it’s stuck on an old version of Objective-C (no Swift) and targets something like OS X 10.6 with API compatibility.

Outside of the that the next closest I’ve tinkered with is GTK, but since version 3 it kinda gave up on looking right running under anything but GTK/Qt-based desktops. It’s easy to make idiomatic bindings for which is nice though.
Basically all the circuit stuff is optional power-user stuff: It's not at all required to beat the vanilla game and IIRC they haven't said it will be required for the DLC either.
The idea that there would be no more creative works without copyright is pretty obviously false for music (so many people enjoy making music that the only way it could disappear is if we evolve to no longer have ears, and even then it will probably exist in the form of deep bass that you can feel), and most likely false even for things like movies and video games. It may be the case that high budget works become extremely rare, but things like short films would continue to exist, and the existence of things like Spring or various total conversion mods show that even video games would continue. It is definitely false for things like business software, where people will pay for professional services to make their business more efficient.

On the other hand, there are plenty of interesting creative works (e.g. mashups) that are illegal today, and obviously they're being made without monetization. With new tools we even have people making things like Plankton from Spongebob singing Tool songs[0]. There would still be plenty of creativity in the world without copyright.

It's not obvious that we should prioritize the ability to easily fund high budget works over the ability of people to freely share their remixes and mashups, for example.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14yO95OVsLE
OR, it's design a thing to work for the mission that had been designed/approved/funded. Any science that can continue after the missions actual experiments have concluded is just bonus. Would you want the thing to be designed at any lower caliber just because it was only needing to do 5 short durations? Would it actually be any cheaper? Doubtful.

So, we keep having gear designed that shows us exactly what could happen for longevity while accomplishing the actual mission goals for the same budget
The screenshots you sent in [1] are inference, not training. You need to get a Nightshaded image into the training set of an image generator in order for this to have any effect. When you give an image to GPT-4V, Stable Diffusion img2img, or anything else, you're not training the AI - the model is completely frozen and does not change at all[0].

I don't know if anyone else is still scraping new images into the generators. I've heard somewhere that OpenAI stopped scraping around 2021 because they're worried about training on the output of their own models[1]. Adobe Firefly claims to have been trained on Adobe Stock images, but we don't know if Adobe has any particular cutoffs of their own[2].

If you want an image that screws up inference - i.e. one that GPT-4V or Stable Diffusion will choke on - you want an adversarial image. I don't know if you can adversarially train on a model you don't have weights for, though I've heard you can generalize adversarial training against multiple independent models to really screw shit up[3].

[0] All learning capability of text generators come from the fact that they have a context window; but that only provides a short term memory of 2048 tokens. They have no other memory capability.

[1] The scenario of what happens when you do this is fancifully called Habsburg AI. The model learns from it's own biases, reinforcing them into stronger biases, while forgetting everything else.

[2] It'd be particularly ironic if the only thing Nightshade harms is the one AI generator that tried to be even slightly ethical.

[3] At the extremes, these adversarial images fool humans. Though, the study that did this intentionally only showed the images for a small period of time, the idea being that short exposures are akin to a feed-forward neural network with no recurrent computation pathways. If you look at them longer, it's obvious that it's a picture of one thing edited to look like another.
Sounds like free adversarial data augmentation.
I see it as no different than mapmakers inventing a nonexistent alley, to check who copies their maps verbatim ("trap street"). Even if this caused, for example, a car crash because of an autonomous driver, the onus I think would be on the one that made the car and used the stolen map for navigation, and not on the one that created the original map.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trap_street
GraphQL is an amazing data exfiltration engine, really a superb OSINT tool.
C++ doesn't even define it as that; it's actually just undefined behavior to shift by any amount greater than or equal to the width!
in my opinion, you're much better off buying merch / vinyls online.
Since the questions specified neither a specific compiler/platform nor included Undefined or Unspecified Behavior as an option, I assumed this is an informal quiz and the author just tested the programs on their specific compiler.

Turns out the author does mean according to the standard, but thinks that “I don’t know” is a synonym for both undefined and unspecified behavior. It seems weird to use imprecise terminology in a post that’s all about lecturing about standards compliance.
My favorite UD in C is this:

int x, y;
x ^= y ^= x ^= y;

I was using this for years until I realized that it is UD.
> In China once their AI systems or whatever decides that you are using a VPN you will be punished by increasingly blocking your Internet for more and more time.

This isn’t true. VPN use is widespread here, but I’ve never heard of anyone’s internet getting wholesale blocked because of it.

Selling VPN services, however, is a big no-no.
TFA mentions that he had a tanner make leather from human skin which (to me) implies it was mostly used to make counterfeits. There are a lot of valuable artifacts ranging from weapons and pendants made from bone to books bound with leather from human skin. Often times their macabre nature alone is enough to inflate the price.

There are nondestructive low cost tests to easily verify human remains that unscrupulous collectors can use but determining how old those remains are is much harder, more expensive, and generally opens up the collector to outside scrutiny. That makes scamming such collectors a lot easier as long as you've got a reliable source of human remains.
That's reductive. I'd compare it to the Cuban missile crisis. We were basically pointing a gun at their heads.
Software I Liked in 2023