skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
A great way to visualize this is by looking at the "consumer surplus", the red region in this graph: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus#/media/File:E... [1]

The value created by a sale, i.e., the difference between what something costs to produce and what someone is willing to pay for it, can be divided into producer surplus and consumer surplus, i.e., the benefit that accrues to the producer and the consumer, respectively, at a given price point.

Price discrimination is an attempt to convert consumer surplus into producer surplus by charging individuals a price closer to what they are willing to pay. The blue region gets bigger (producer profit increases) and the red region gets smaller.

Price discrimination requires market power in order to set prices higher than the equilibrium price (that is, it cannot happen if there is perfect competition). With market power but without price discrimination, producers maximize profit by charging a "monopoly price" higher than the competitive equilibrium price. So there will already be a wedge on the right hand side of the economic surplus region missing, as shown in this graph: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss#/media/File:Ta... (the labels are for taxes, but the math is the same for monopoly pricing) [2]. Price discrimination may recapture some of that "deadweight loss" (selling to some consumers at cheaper prices than they would with a uniform monopoly price), but again producers will take more of it than they would in a competitive market, and they do not create any value that would not have existed in said competitive market (selling to any consumer at a price lower than the competitive equilibrium point is unprofitable by definition, so producers will do their best to avoid it).

Looked at in this way, it is easy to see that consumers end up worse off overall than they would in a competitive market with a uniform market price.

[1] From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus#Consumer_surp...

[2] From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss
It will look similar to an anamorphic lens, but not exactly like it. The lens flares will be different for instance, and the color fringing, too. But it's pretty close to the real thing.
> You're probably too late.

From the 2014 thread, it was a (four years and) three months offer:

“I was thinking that because it's just software, we could restore the old account to its exact prior state. But the attention that accrues to a moderator account would make that impossible. So I guess I'll keep the offer open for three months, after which we can make some other arrangement.”
Precisely. Whenever someone is exposed for fraud I think to myself that there are many others succeeding under the radar, some spectacularly.
OTOH do they need more input from external contributors? They have everything they need. google.com serves '<!DOCTYPE html>' to Firefox and that's the end of the webcompat story. Google needs to fix this. Full stop.

Given this, I can see how this thing can attract low quality comments and have a very low chance of receiving interesting insight.

Now, since we are on HN I'll provide my one low quality comment on this: I guess it's a silly mistake that's not intended, but still feels like another whoops [1].

Also: come on Google, seriously? Don't you have QA for such things?

[1] https://www.zdnet.com/article/former-mozilla-exec-google-has...
You're right, and in this case "foundational work" even undersells how minimal this work really is compared to the results it already gets.

I recommend that people watch Brandt Bucher's "A JIT Compiler for CPython" from last year's CPython Core Developer Sprint[0]. It gives a good impression of the current implementation and its limitations, and some hints at what may or may not work out. It also indirectly gives a glimpse into the process of getting this into Python through the exchanges during the Q&A discussion.

One thing to especially highlight is that this copy-and-patch has a much, much lower implementation complexity for the maintainers, as a lot of the heavy lifting is offloaded to LLVM.

Case in point: as of the talk this was all just Brandt Bucher's work. The implementation at the time was ~700 lines of "complex" Python, ~100 lines of "complex" C, plus of course the LLVM dependency. This produces ~3000 lines of "simple" generated C, requires an additional ~300 lines of "simple" hand-written C to come together, and no further dependencies (so no LLVM necessary to run the JIT. Also "complex" and "simple" qualifiers are Bucher's terms, not mine).

Another thing to note is that these initial performance improvements are just from getting this first version of the copy-and-patch JIT to work at all, without really doing any further fine-tuning or optimization.

This may have changed a bit in the months since, but the situation is probably still comparable.

So if one person can get this up and running in a few klocs, most of which are generated, I think it's reasonable to have good hopes for its future.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxSHIpEQRjs
1. People are aware but the door-in-face negotiating model is hard to forget. Trust is broken for many Devs at both a personal level and a business level. Unity is not able to cancel the plan and pretend it never happened, consequence fee.
"IE standards" makes no sense. Yes the big companies dominate web standards, but there are still multiple viable niche browsers that work by conforming to that spec, and an extensive spec validation framework anyone can use (web-platform-tests). It's unreasonable to say someone could come up with an IE compatible browser since there's no promise or reality of a stable design.

But you're just putting yourself out on an increasingly brittle limb to defend native apps, which imo work against user interests.
Some related links:

https://www.startupdaily.net/advice/opinion/how-australia-ca...
https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/securing-the-talent-for-au...
Teaching vi to secretaries brought LLMs to humanity
Warning, this is just a historical anecdote that will not improve your understanding of LLMs much, but will perhaps give you context:

https://lof.flounder.online/gemlog/2024-01-09%20How%20teaching%20vi%20to%20secretaries%20brought%20LLMs%20to%20humanity.gmi
90% efficient furnaces are kind of the low end of the spectrum of product on the market now, at least in my area of the USA. My 20 year old furnace is rated 94% efficient. Pretty much every condensing gas furnace now is going to be well over 90% efficient. Even modulating furnaces with 2:1 or better turn-down ratios can maintain over 90% efficiency when running below rated output.

Locally it's not worth DIYing a heat pump install. The tax incentives and rebates easily cover the cost to hire a licensed and insured HVAC company to do the entire install for you, plus then you get to choose from a much wider selection of heat pump models which likely enable buying something better sized for your need and more efficient.
Uncover the secrets about the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) of the SOLID Principles.
6) heated and cooled beds make sense for 8 hours a night.
> Depending on prebuilt C++ libraries hampers flexibility (eg. you can't customize the memory management or rasterization pipeline of matplotlib).

But what is the counterfactual? Implementing the whole thing in Python? It seems much more work than forking/fixing matplotlib.
Hey dang,
Apologies I missed your earlier warning…
I see that this was the wrong approach and noisy.
I’ll work a bit on steel manning my arguments for reform and write a blogpost instead and share it with HN after to focus the discussion, been spending a bit too much time to write these comments anywhere.
Please unban me dang I won’t do it again ^^
In some cases (some spark plugs are what I can think of) explicitly tell you NOT to grease them, as that will let you over-torque them and potentially damage threads (aluminum heads, steel plugs). So using grease is not always the recommended procedure.
Mozilla elitism.
There’s an obvious PR component here, it’s not a mere coincidence when anything becomes an all-platforms hot topic.
Newbie question:

When would you use dataframes (e.g Pandas, Polars...) and when would you use tensors (Pytorch, TF...)?

Are the usecases completely distinct or is there overlap?
OpenAI seems like an untrustworthy organization that's fundamentally built around achieving AGI at which point nothing will matter anymore. They have no long term concern for the web. They crawl everything, give nothing back, and it won't matter, because once we have AGI we will not need websites anymore. I started using phind[1] recently, which is better and shows links in every answer.

[1]: https://www.phind.com
Startup Founders Fret over Getting Fired Like Sam Altman
No paywall:https://archive.is/mxwly
That's insane to achieve that without access to source code.

It's also completely baffling that a company would invest such resources building such a complex game and be fine with 6 minute load times, caused by such ... dumbness. Like selling a sportscar with a 5 litre petrol tank.
I have a gas furnace and a separate AC unit - I wonder can I replace the AC unit with a heat pump and keep the gas furnace? I could keep the existing thermostat and have the heat pump work with a new second thermostat so I can set the heat pump to kick in the heat at a lower temperature than the gas furnace. Maybe turn the gas furnace thermostat down once a month to operate it to prevent problems.
But you're not the audience? There is very little to gain by tailoring the introduction to people who aren't the audience.

You don't go car parts manufacturer expecting an explanation of what an intercooler is.
"days?" More like weeks or months, speaking as someone without experience in metal working.
I wouldn't be surprised if we just had a AI "assistant", or "friend". That would explain things for you if they need explaining. Like who to vote for, or what brand of stimulant to buy. The "friend" that vibes with you best would be the one you trust the most. Assuming corporations would be interested to cater to a bunch of unemployables that is.
The main gist is that there's a whole lot of money chasing AI right now. The market value of the corporations involved are not limited to their AI efforts. I'd go so far as to say, for them, AI is just the latest feature to add to their products.
I'm currently getting dragged into "data" stuff, and I get the impression it's a parallel universe, with its own background and culture. A lot of stuff is like "connect to your Antelope or Meringue instances with the usability of Nincompoop and the performance of ARSE2".

Anyway, probably the interesting things about polars are that it's like pandas, but uses a more efficient rust "backend" called Arrow (although I think that part's also in pandas now) and something like a "query planner" that makes combining operations more efficient. Typically doing things in polars is much more efficient than pandas, to the extent that things that previously required complicated infrastructure can often be done on a single machine. It's a very friendly competition, created by the main developer of pandas.

As far as I can tell everybody loves it and it'll probably supplant pandas over time.
> For example, after a few puzzles I ran into 9 4 + 2 = 9 ? , which is a bit silly. There's only one possibility, and only one given number, so the solution is trivial. And this was after solving ~10 of these.

I noticed this as well, but there's a non-silly subtlety that I think you and I both missed - this easy puzzle was the first introduction of the multi-digit concept. Everything prior had been single digits only.
Hmm, I'd expect that our bodies mostly exchange heat with their surroundings by conduction, not radiation. So a heater that warms me up by radiation feels a bit suspicious. Are you sure it'll have no negative health effects?
Hmm. I actually have been avoiding push-ups thinking it would make it worse.
> signed their life on the line

Clearly this is hyperbole.
Not good, I guess.
In Switzerland I was quoted about 25k for an air-water and about 10k more for geothermal. And I mean with it only the hardware and installation - as the house doesn't need piping or whatever. So for some reason you Nordics are quite privileged, and I wasn't able to find out why.
You are ignoring all of the people with ass cancer that the covid vaccine failed to save. Also, the fact that even one person died of old age in our current system is a tragedy caused by capitalism and the mRNA vaccine. We can do better. Vote CPUSA today.

Actually, you have a point because communism does provide a solution to the human condition. Just alienate humans from their nature so thoroughly (typically through death) that conditions become positively inhuman. No wars, no homelessness. No territorial expansion. No religion. I can hear John Lennon singing in Mandarin now.

So if your commune in the Nevada desert hasn't solved slavery in Dubai yet, you just need to drum circle harder while citing Cuban literacy rates.
If you make a million dollars with a “few people” then you should probably be happy to fork over 5% (50k). If you make less than that it’s free.

Sure, royalties can outweigh your per dev costs or cursed “install fees”. But that is contingent on achieving massive success. So shrug. It’s a very fair model imo. Not that per seat fees aren’t also fair.

The driving criteria is really not the fees here but the capabilities of the engine and the familiarity of the team. Or, perhaps, the concern that Unity appears to be an ever growing dumpster fire and possibly even malicious business partner.

Laughing a bit at your $200k game devs for an indie studio.
It seems to be mostly Safari Mobile.

But you'd need to know if the clients using Stetic in their websites are a representative selection or not of the web at large. Personally, this is the first time I've heard of both Stetic or any of the clients they show in their homepage, but that probably doesn't mean much. I'm dubious though on having a "Mozilla 5.0" identification, since that's probably just "Mozilla/5.0" which is in almost any browser UA string out there.

In any case, other sources for browser usage statistics give a much lower quota to Safari (including mobile). Something around 20%.
I'm not going to argue with the general thrust of your comment, which I think is insightful as to how incentives can compromise objectives. But...

> To give an example of how these dynamics destroy quality in software. I once found a bug in software on a piece of test equipment where a logarithmic search function was not operating on a strictly sorted list. When I pointed this out to my leadership I was told that if we changed any part of code, it would require a new FQT, which would be too expensive to conduct and was not in the budget. Although the bug would have been trivial to solve, and was clearly wrong and would not provide any benefits by remaining in the test equipment software, the process required for changes prevented solving the issue.

I've seen this happen where it was a bad thing, but also where it was a good thing.

It's all about risk.

What risk does the software defect pose to the mission? What risk is inherent in making any change to the software? Noting that even trivial changes can be fat-fingered and thus are a source of risk. I've seen it go wrong this way: a seemingly trivial change was made, but the developer accidentally checked an extra file into source control, causing a further defect.

And then: what is the cost of mitigating these risks? Maybe the software defect is as trivial as its fix. Maybe an acceptable fix would be to write up a workaround in the documentation.

I don't think it's always wrong to say no to fixing issues. I also don't think it's always right that a separate QA department contributes nothing to the organization, even if they act as a handbrake on the software developers (sometimes, precisely because they do that). Human factors are real.
Checkout my results![1]

I've used this technique sometime ago, with an minolta srt-101. The lens it came with (55mm f1.8) had the elements screwable by hand, making the mod easy.

[1]https://troialog.tumblr.com/
Or experience with the internet?

Of course outrageous GitHub issues get low quality comments from HN.

The guy probably reacted like this because of the dummy comment he marked as off topic and probably made the connection.

> 'now you have two problems' b-bazinga. Software engineering is hard.

He might have said the same of Reddit, or any social network. It's pretty reasonable and I think he made the right call.
Yes, of course, that's the "dual fuel" setup mentioned in the article. In Europe, it's very common as we mostly use water to distribute heat. Either connect the heat pump and the gas furnace in parallel and run whatever you want depending on circumstances (i.e. normal operation is handled by heat pump, but the heat pump kicks in at low temperatures or high load), or run them in series with an optional bypass (i.e. the heat pump heats the water prior to entering the gas furnace).
The dominance of the Big 7/Big tech is concerning (and maybe be driven primarily by passive index flows) but what has that to do with AI? In this list, just top of my head

nVIDIA - clearly riding the AI wave

Alphabet/Google - supposedly a mortal risk to their current model (search) so negative for them

Microsoft - Depending on the drama of the week with OpenAI, either the biggest beneficiary or biggest loser

Apple - supposedly not a player but again maybe will do something on-device and leapfrog everyone

Tesla - Depends on the moods of Musk that week and what he blurts out with Cathie Wood

Amazon/Meta - not clear
The major problem in scientific fields is not this, but the amount of incompetence and the race-to-the-bottom environment which enables it. Grant organizations don't demand rigor and efficiency, they demand shiny papers. And that's what we get. With god awful code and very questionable scientific value.
> We probably don't have the same definition of mediocrity then

For a hiker, I'm worse than average :) Since the estimates in our mountain guides are 'for the average person'. Of course I'm better than someone who just walks to/from the car.

As anecdata I'm pretty sure I did a 3 hour estimate hike up a mountain in 1.5 to 2 hours when I was 19, enthusiastic and in top shape. So they really are averages.
Especially hobbies that have an online presence, or really require an online presence to organize.
Former Mozilla exec: Google has sabotaged Firefox for years (2019) (zdnet.com)

304 points by hashhar 49 days ago | 122 comments

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38349357
AMD Unveils AMD Radeon RX 7600 XT Graphics Card
It appears that it's exactly the distinction between fixed and arbitrary precision that decides whether or not transformers are Turing Complete: https://openreview.net/forum?id=HyGBdo0qFm&noteId=r1lxKiAJlV

I think the larger point though is that "is X Turing Complete?" depends on the exact assumptions made and that's a point that the authors of the paper IMHO failed to understand while reading the reviews.
Any chance we could get non-carbonated water in glass again?

I distinctly remember the water bottle in the Goonies being glass.
Ah I'd say the exact opposite, python in general is pretty good but jupyter sucks because the syntax isn't compatible with regular python and I avoid it like the plague.
How better than Tailscale funnels??
Good point, completely agree and interesting link, thanks
If your Samsung heat pump costs 1-2k you can expect the same product from a German company to cost 7-15k for no appreciable difference. Why buy the German product then? Because the builders who install it will get a cut of course. They don't need your business and will simply refuse the job if you don't buy the most expensive materials. You can add to that cost all the subsidies of the German government, which, as everyone knows, simply increase prices when there is a supply shortage. But these subsidies are tied to other requirements to make your house more energy efficient, like installing a solar power system with batteries (30k€ easily).

Heat pumps are a gimmick for rich people that already have well insulated modern homes. For everyone else it is vastly more expensive than gas or oil and in addition, we have to pay taxes for all the subsidies going to those rich people.
Bottom Line Up Front - opening your message with the core request or message first - is a related practice from the military that works really well for email. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLUF_(communication)

The way I apply this to emails is to ask myself: if someone only reads the first sentence would they know what I need and if they need to act on it immediately, read it at their leisure, or file it away?
The quality of these videos are absurdly high: technically very deep and well illustrated. I'd love to know what tools he uses to create them.
Yeah, my results doesn't feel anamorphic as well :(
The mistake was forgetting to tighten them. The offence was faking the torque wrench results to hide the fact you forgot to tighten them.
by community do you mean all the people who make an account just to ask a question on the project's discord, only ever open it to check if someone answered and then never use discord again?
Note that your furnace needs to be designed to support this.

Generally it is extra logic so that you have a "Heat_1" source (HP) and a "Heat_2" source (switch to burning).
> nVIDIA - clearly riding the AI wave

More like "the ones selling shovels during the Gold Rush", in my opinion.
> Apple has very little to do with the AI hype

The AI Hype is boosting all large tech players because investors think they will be in a good position to benefit from it.

It's rumoured/estimated that their AI hardware spending will be over $4Billion next year [1].

I would guess that at some point Apple will release a better Siri or an iPhone with onboard hardware for local LLM capabilities, or whatever to compete with MS at some point.

[1] https://medium.com/@mingchikuo/how-much-does-apple-need-to-i...
When you're sitting on a property valued at a couple millions, I would have thought investing tens of thousands in it would be fair game. Not pleasant, but acceptable...
Presumably, this would be operated in hostile territory, so nobody would particularly care about it turning into a giant fireball upon crash landing. Or self-destructed when still airborne.
Is it possible to cite a better source than ChatGpt? We have no idea if that's nonsense.
You are comparing prices of air2air heat pumps with air to water. The latter is much more expensive and you cannot get them for 1k$ in Sweden.
There is a nice world map. Yes, the lower part of the 6GHz spectrum is enbaled. So only parts if it.

No outdoor use unless power is capped massively
There is no reason to use copy-and-patch JIT if that were the case, because the good old threaded interpreter would have been fine. There are other optimization works in parallel with this JIT effort, including finer-grained micro operations (uops) that can replace usual opcodes at higher tiers. Uops themselves can be used without JIT, but the interpreter overhead is proportional to the number of (u)ops executed and would be too large for uops. The hope is that copy-and-patch JIT combined with uops have to be much faster than threaded code.
> it can even perfectly translate endangered languages like Occitan

How do you know?

I mean, how do you know it's translations are accurate without being able to speak it fluently yourself?