skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Okay, but I don't get what type of innovations - other than AI chatbots, and I mention this with a huge asterisk because all people are asking for is for these trillion dollar corporations to pay the people who's work they're benefiting from - are being stifled right now?

Software, music, graphics are all subject to substantial restrictions on new works because of copyright. You don't even notice it because it's become so normalized.

> Sure there'll be a chunk of people out there still creating things because they want to create things, but they also have to put food on the table at the end of the day

95%+ of musicians don't make money from music distribution, they make it from performances when touring. Eliminating copyright would have no impact on this. It's the same reason open source developers can still feed their families.

Graphic artists would still be commissioned for custom works, although AI will now eat into that too somewhat.

Many, many people would continue to write, compose and create art despite no financial incentives. Just look at all of the fanfiction and fan art out there.

> Who'd wanna pay for that, if you can just download the music yourself?

You absolutely could, but people often pay for extra convenience: an easily searchable index, music recommendations, playlists that can sync across devices, and so on.

> You're literally describing a commercial enterprise here,

I'm more describing an almost non-profit that provides a convenient interface. Spotify isn't just charging for hosting, it also has to pay licensing fees for music rights and profit margins for investors. Neither of those factor into this new fictional world we're discussing.

I'm not sure why this OSS version of Spotify has to be "innovative", the innovation is the low cost access to all of humanity's musical creations.

Copyright was intended to advance progress in the arts and sciences, but it's honestly doing the opposite, and has been for quite some time.
In all M generations, the max and pro are effectively different layouts so can’t be put down to binning. Each generation did offer binned versions of the Pro and Max with fewer cores though.
I ditched my desktop once "plug in a single USB-C cable and get dual 4k monitors + peripherals all ready to go" became a thing. I love the flexibility of a laptop combined with a dedicated workstation setup.
I spent 2 weeks trying to do this recently and got decently far. I learned there is an ungodly amount of yak shaving that goes into this process and that most SSG maintainers will have done it better.

I went with Astro in the end, but I loved reading this series.

https://kimmo.blog/posts/2-diy-gatsby-part-i/
Genuinely curious: in what situation would ‘Y’ ever be counted as a vowel? I’ve never ever come across this.
Without a warrant requirement, all patients collectively pay their privacy away without knowing it. Is the collective benefit worth it? (Remember, the "benefit" is the additional harm the government prevents when not constrained by a default warrant requirement, not the total harm the government prevents with and without getting warrants.)
> FYI - generic semaglutide is very cheap if you get it via HRT clinic as opposed to name brand and pre-mixed ozempic

Compounding pharmacies are good too.
This project started as a side project to create an app that blends the best features from Google Calendar, Notion, and Todoist together. The best thing is, such a passionate project has now turned into my primary task management app. I have spaces for my side projects, work, chores, and goals I want to achieve in the long run. I now track more than 400 tasks on Inko, which are organized into these four spaces. It really keeps me going and the sense of achievement is insane.

Would really love it if you could check out the app and give it a try!
? I'm not sure you understand.

If you have a device that can use cellular and wifi, it has to figure out when it should be sending packets over wifi, or when it should give up and send packets over cellular.

MPTCP isn't mature or a good approach for this yet (and may never be), but it could present a way to smoothly roam between wifi and cellular. Imagine walking across a big campus, and having your device keep a network connection up seamlessly as you lose wifi between buildings.

Whether solved via overlay networks, or a clientside protocol like MPTCP-- this is a service networks should provide. Unfortunately, we've got no way to roam except within a single network (wifi roaming; satellite handoff; cellular handoff).
Show HN: Beautiful iOS Habit Tracker
I wasn't expecting this to get much attention because it didn't require very much effort on my part but it looks like someone has smiled upon on my post :) Anyways, this is the kind of thing a simple setup can find, see mongoose's (another embedded web server) fuzzer in oss-fuzz: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz/blob/master/projects/mong....
.com is short for 'commercial'. The USA has their own .us TLD, but for some reason the Americans never particularly wanted to use it.

National Grid Ventures is registered in the UK, so they would be eligible for a *.uk domain if they wanted one.
Bookmarks are a rare example of Write-Only Memory, or WOM.
> cumulative distribution functions, where you can see if they overlap or one is shifted

Why would this be preferred over a PDF? I've rarely seen CDF plots after high school so I would have to convert the CDF into a PDF inside my head to check if the two distributions overlap or are shifted. CDFs are not a native representation for most people
Ah that makes sense, I guess most people aren’t wierdos who set up RADIUS in their home networks.
The ability to have a redundant power supply seems like it might fill a niche
The benefit of a helicopter is they can treat a whole area/multiple clients in a short time frame.
Ask HN: Books recommendation for scaling a SaaS from 2 to 10 mill ARR?
Hey,

Hope you all had a good year and a better one will come next.

We launched 5 years ago and we kept the business bootstrapped and small, more like a lifestlyle business with 10 employees.

We have a high profit rate and we're ready to scale to the next level. However, our growth rate is stalling due to churn catching up and new solid competitors entering the space.

Any books or learning materials tailored for SaaS in this situation: scaling a product in an increasingly competitive market where growth staled.

Thank you and happy new year!
It's worth pointing out that Handmade Hero is not an example of how anyone should approach making a video game, and even Casey would say that, since that isn't his goal.

Use libraries. Use frameworks. Don't use C++ but reimplement the stdlib because you hate C++ and assume it was designed by morons. Don't spend... how many years has it been now, nearly ten? On a debug room that looks like a high school CS project.
Even after losing some weight with diet, it's nice knowing these drugs exist as a backup plan. It's not a moral failing to use these drugs, just as drugs are used to treat other things, too.

Despite endless diet and fitness apps/trackers and content on social media, as well as the rise of the so-called health-conscious consumer, there is no evidence to suggest anything is improving. Why people got so fat is up to debate, but this is where we're at, and we need these drugs more than ever. People's metabolisms are broken or something. Or small caloric surpluses over a decade leads to obesity. Regaining weight is ridiculously easy for formerly obese people, too.
As an alumn it’s pretty annoying to see UMN dragged through the mud by assholes trying to get papers, even a few years on.
While I don't have any handy link, I did reverse-engineered several file formats without any further information and I can give some points.

First, make sure that you know what the format is actually supposed to encode. For example, if some file weighs (say) 40 KB then it is unlikely to be a raster image. The file name, if any, helps a lot to narrow the scope.

Second, you should have some understanding of similar file formats. I generally recommend to study PNG first because it gives an example of typical structured file formats and raster image formats. (Don't delve into the compression though---bitwise analysis is much harder.) This is also why you needed to know what the format is for, many formats with the same goal tend to have similar structures.

Third, collect as many examples as possible. You can line them up to see commonalities and differences and spot patterns. Even better if you can actively generate different files. This is generally the last hope when you are run out of reasonable hypotheses.

Fourth, optimize the feedback loop. You will have to do a lot of hypothesization, validation and automation. You can't really optimize the number of iterations, but you can optimize the time for a single iteration. Use a comfortable scripting language with good binary operation. I tend to use a vanilla Python with struct and make everything else by my own, but there are several libraries that greatly help you if you don't feel like doing so.
I don't think it's a violation of copyright law because the GPL, as far as I understand it, gives the humans training the model the right to do so, and as long as they don't redistribute it, I don't have a problem with it. Once that code starts getting distributed, as happens with Copilot, then I think it's a problem.

I'm just pointing out (repetitiously, because arguments of the type "but humans do X" are made all the time with LLMs) that the fact that a human brain doesn't violate copyright when a human reads and studies copyrighted code isn't relevant either way.
I saw the notification from YouTube but haven't watched it yet. I got the TD-03 and RD-6 for my birthday present to myself last year. They're really fun!
> If you were to search any Harry Potter book using google search I'm sure you will find the unlicensed content, served up to you by google, very quickly, with less prompt than midjourney needs. You can hand wave about how it's so different but I see the search example returning a hashed copy vs. midjourney making something you could argue in court is infringement. The thing is, both are already illegal. You don't need additional government meddling in code to make illegal something that is already illegal.

That's not how the Internet works. Google is not serving you the Harry Potter books contents, they (might) point you to a different server that (might) be serving you the books, but what theat website would be doing is in fact illegal in most jurisdictions. In contrast midjourney are the ones serving you the content, that is a huge difference and not "handwaving". If you don't see a difference there than I really don't know what to say.

> In all cases, the person committing the crime is the person to prosecute.

Yes and it is midjourney who is committing the crime. Their models contain the unlicenced copyrighted material and they sell a service using that material.

> What would happen if I used Photoshop to carefully recreate the image by hand? Or even a paint brush and canvas? It would still be illegal! What are you arguing to make illegal? The paint brush?

Why are you continuing to ignore the central point that midjourney contains the copyrighted work? That's completely different to being a brush?

> For _some people_ making clones of copyrighted work is very easy, this tool makes is easy for more people. But for you, _it's the tool?_

Yes because "the tool" is already making the clone, inside it's model.

> And in any of these cases you're trying to protect the same IP holders that cut off access to content you purchased, so any idea of fairness in copyright is a joke at this point anyway. I work in that industry so I knew it was possible, but I never thought they would do it with a huge swath of content like what happened to play station owners. IP holders deserve no sympathy or protection under the law after that move.

So instead we are happy for even larger corporations to just take all creative outputs (and that includes lots of open source software) simply feed their models and resell this work of others through their models essentially disowning the previous creators without paying anything? Now if these models would actually be freely available and all parameters published I might be OK with it as the end of copyright as we know it, but that's not what is happening here. We are essentially witnessing the dispossession and monopolization of knowledge by a few large corporations and startups.

> You might say "but these are not the people we're trying to protect". Too bad, that's what any IP law restricting generative AI would protect. And consider the draconian means required to do so.
Well, as I mentioned, “sky”. Or “country”, “homily”, and “gym”.
>Natural gas is neither renewable nor emission-free when burning

Yes you are correct, in fact I actually addressed that in the later part of my comment

>From 2030 onwards the focus will be on decarbonising the remaining ~20% of electricity generation that is gas. How that will be done will depend mostly on how the technology matures in the meantime, but it will likely be replacing natural gas with hydrogen and biogas. Another option could be carbon capture. Or batteries if there is some technological breakthrough and the price of stored energy drops way below it's current 200euro/MWh price.

When picking fruit from a tree, It's usually best to start at the lower branches.
Lel. Perhaps the last group of people you should feel bad about being pushed into different careers imo
I have a seven year old ThreadRipper Pro and would not significantly benefit from upgrading.
Dude come on lol
I think they were just joking about an older user demographic etc.
The airline industry uses other kinds of 2D codes, like Aztec Codes[1] or Imagen PDF417 on your boarding passes, including the digital ones you have on your phone. For example: https://fwhibbit.es/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/3-1.png

1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_Code
We have a word for what happens when people "use 100% of their brain".

We call that an epileptic seizure. :)
so ChatGPT can build a causal model for a problem domain? How does it communicate that (using a DAG?)? It would be important for the data users to understand that model.
gas power plant != natural gas power plant. Green hydrogen gas generated from excess renewables and biogas exist, and can often be used in existing power plants. Though they are expensive right now, we've no idea how the technology may evolve in the next few years.

In Ireland they are actually building natural gas power plants with the assumption they will be stop operation as little as 5 years and only used for emergency purposes from then on. This is because they are using OCGT gas turbines which were invented for use in 3rd world countries and are much cheaper than conventional CCGT gas turbines.

Also don't forget that nuclear power plants have to go offline for maintenance like everything else, and I'm not sure it will ever be financially viable to have redundant nuclear power plants. France recently had to take 50% of their power plants offline for a few months to fix cracks and Japan had to take all of them offline for a few years after Fukushima. Thats why it's necessary to have emergency backup power plants and right now these are typically gas.
It does not appear to be in-chat. I want it to be easy for users to just provide API endpoints or URLs in-chat and the bot figures out what to do with it based on the user's prompt. That's basically what Exclamation does.
PSA: Scipy has been offering a MILP and regular LP solvers for a few versions now. Very simple to use, was a delight to find out I didn’t need extra packages for a problem at work
scientists distinguished function of different regions in our brain, so human doesn't need to use all region is a more obvious idea now.

I can't recommend literature, a probably source is in medical textbook.
Umbilical cord-derived stem cell secretome promotes skin rejuvenation
Was eager to try but found it buggy - or at least, confusingly arcane in how guesses are scored.

Today's 'transportation' puzzle had 4 consonants & 4 vowels. I got to a guess (nonsense string) whose feedback was 4 vowels correct, 4 consonants correct. (Not sharing here to avoid spoiling for others.)

After becoming frustrated that I couldn't devise a word using those letters, I entered them into online word-finders like those for Scrabble or the Internet Anagram Server – and they're not turning up any single 8-letter word/words (transportation related or not, compound or not) that might be the answer.

Maybe brands? No luck.

Show to wife, she makes suggestion that's similar to the 8 letters I've been trying, but differs in one vowel. Bingo.

So: it was telling me I had 4 vowels correct even when I was supplying a vowel NOT present in the answer.

(A rot13 of a string it erroneously told me had 4 vowels and 4 consonants correct: ZNEBHVYA)
/*
* You are not expected to understand this.
*/
It's very much a yak shaving task, and yet, with how customized my 11ty solution is, I found myself hacking around it's structure constantly. At some point, my supposed "monkey patching" was blocked with a kind message (in some 2.0 beta), and so my project has been fixed to that version for a year now. I've been told the feature I needed has now been implemented, but it's so frustrating to have all this be out of your control.

Regarding Astro, that was the original build tool I was using, early in the astro project's development. I received a community award in 2020. It didn't work for something, frankly I forget what, but it's entirely possible that it's gotten a whole lot better now.
There are a bunch of tools for generating PDFs from HTML documents. https://print-css.rocks/ has a list, along with CSS compatibility test results and special CSS features you can use for print documents. You could use your favorite HTML generator, then throw the result into one of those using a shell script.
it would be interesting if this is a material science issue where UV exposure just breaks things down to the point that after a certain point they are just unsafe from to be spinning at the rates and mass involved. that's a lot of kinetic energy if an unscheduled rapid disassembly were to occur.
Yes, you're correct but I was actually just referring to streaming Netflix and/or Prime Video 4k content within the official Netflix/Prime apps. These streams have much lower sustained bit rate requirements than UHD BD remuxes but were auto-falling back to HD due to insufficient bit rate (as reported by the official streaming service app's own network diagnostics).

I was surprised and disappointed because this is such a low bar to clear. The issue may not be entirely due to the USB 2.0 interface since, in theory, that's 480 Mbps which should translate to peak throughput close to 40 MBps but according to the network speed test in the official Amazon Prime app their own brand new flagship 4k streaming stick couldn't sustain 30 MBps for 4k HDR10 and would thus fall back to HD. I suspect Amazon didn't bother optimizing the USB driver stack to maximize the bandwidth available from the hardware. Maybe they just assume that no one uses 'old fashioned' 1 gigabit ethernet anymore (sigh).

It's double annoying because my home theater gear is all neatly rack mounted in a metal frame that just happens to be a pretty good EM shield. So I have to hang the damn stick out of the rack on a USB extension cable so it can get decent 5Ghz wifi throughput. All when I have a perfectly capable gigabit switch plumbed right into the rack.

Excuse me while I step outside to yell at some clouds....
So yes, that's exactly an example of the "guilty Galileo and the good church" false narrative.

Many useless claims which don't disprove that his sentence was literally because of:

"heresy" ... "that the earth does move, and is not the center of the world" ... "contrary to Holy Scripture"

And the church forbade his book as "heresy" for 200 years.

He was right. The church was wrong, directly referring to the effing "Holy Scripture" to support its claim and played fighting "heresy", keeping being wrong for 200 years afterwards. It's so clear.
Wish I could say for certain, but we'd need the final texts of the CRA and PLD, and EU lawyers, to say for sure. This is the sort of situation that the general aim of the EU policymakers seems to be to avoid what they'd see as loopholes, where a business is avoiding responsibility simply by making a product open source, and avoiding destroying open source. It's plausible, perhaps likely, that open source ghostscript would be exempt, but the one there's a transaction for (clearly being placed on the market -- that, rather than "commercial product" is the key concept) would surely not be. The same vulnerability might impact both, but the developer may only be responsible for the latter. It's possible under the CRA artifex could be considered (very late addition) the steward of the open source version, which was intended largely to cover (give some responsibility to) foundations, but without any real penalties -- but, we'll see.

I'm not surprised that's what you think. I'm doubtful anywhere close to sufficient, as much as I'd like that to be true. The focus of the CRA is of course to make the manufacturer be responsible, including for providing security updates for as long as the product is expected to be used (5 years or more typically). There probably is a weak recital suggesting manufacturers might make source code available to other undertakings so that they might provide security updates after the original manufactuerer's support period, but no enforcement of this, and explicitly not requiring open source. Seems like a potential area for future regulation to improve upon.
They are relatively easier to detect though. Compressed file formats or virtual machine codes in disguise tend to be more annoying, especially since they can look like somehow structured and waste your time.
The barcode on the back of North American driver's licenses is also a PDF417. Amusingly enough, it encodes all the text on the front of the license. Name, DOB, weight, height, etc. Retailers that scan your license for alcohol age limit checks get a lot of data they don't technically need.
Thanks for proving my point I guess.

(FWIW It's documented fact, if you read carefully even the respectable media will never actually deny it, they just downplay and dismiss it (e.g. I remember the Economist mentioning it parenthetically as "a far-right talking point" or some such - making it sound like they were calling it false, but without actually doing so))
One of the real eye openers for me along that journey was realizing that Eclipse refactors were (mostly, except for some rough edges) automated semantic invariant preserving code transformations, which is to say a kind of simplified equational reasoning resting solely on the equivalence.

Equational reasoning is borderline magical, and I look forward to the day when it's as pervasively taught as basic logic.

I have this fantasy in my mind of a language/editor combination that begins with the empty program and only allows legal equational development. Without explicit predication that would just maintain the invariants of the language itself, so no undefined behaviors, but with user supplied predicates would allow a kind of exploratory programming with safety nets. One way to look at it would be explicit symmetry breaking, although I'm not sure that's a good way to describe it to typical working programmers. The idea though is that for a program with the empty specification all code transformations are symmetrical with respect to the spec. And then as the specification is added to certain transformations become symmetry breaking and thus illegal, with said illegality being statically checked. Clearly I'm waving my hands quite a lot here, and I have no clue if it's actually practicable.
US Navy Mechanical Computer training film from 1953.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1i-dnAH9Y4