skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Who decides or sets the difficulty level of "reading ease" (which is a sortable metadata attribute on the search page) ?

Some classiications seem a bit ...nonintuitive. For example, the Autobiography of John Stuart Mill is classified as "very diffcult" whereas "The Tempest" by Shakespeare is classified as "fairly easy".

I would classify it the other way around, but what do I know, I'm a nonnative speaker anyway.
I think its fair to say I misread the thrust of your argument. I still come down on the other side; I am comfortable enforcing a widespread deprivation of a convenience in order to further reduce the risk of a rare but catastrophic outcome.
In that case it seems like it would be much easier to just make it legal to distribute the copyright material in the first place.
Except when it doesn't. See the NYT's lawsuit here - long runs of the training data are spit out verbatim.
It is such a shame how normalized homeless people and transit are in the United States. And they wonder why everybody drives their car?
Maybe this will show all the React/Next.js/Server components haters that you can use them to very quickly build pages that are very performant (though used stack isn't that important anyway, the result depends more on the user's effort and attention to details).
When I made a game crash through a bug before I did not consider myself beating the game, that is why I have or had difficulties understanding. I suppose the difference is making it crash through playing as many levels, for example, as possible.
Location: Mexico

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: Maybe

Technologies: Vue 3 (composition API), TypeScript, Tailwind CSS, Elixir, Phoenix, LiveView.

Résumé/CV: https://lobotuerto.com/about/cv

Email: adriandcs@gmail.com
Spread out that's still $150k a year. Someone should have noticed >12k a month disappearing.
> Their service is curation, and it helps everyone (consumers and artists) -- except the record labels who lose market control.

I do worry about the centralization of the marketplace around Spotify. "The king is dead" -> "Long live the king" etc.

IMHO, it'd be much healthier if streaming revenue sharing operated on a FRAND model, where non-Spotify entrants were guaranteed access to Spotify revenue-sharing licensing pricing with the content owners, by using a standard formula.

Maybe that's the way it does work? National music licensing law in the streaming area is something I'm not overly familiar with.
> A pencil can be used to recreate copyrighted works.

This is a very weak argument.

A pencil, an empty USB stick, an LLM without weights, and a small child can all be used to reproduce copyrighted works. A USB stick with a copy of a movie on it, an LLM trained on a book, and a human that has watched a Disney film can all actually infringe copyright.

There's an issue beyond copyright, though. A lot of companies seem to think it's okay to train LLMs on data that they at least have no moral rights to and possibly have no legal rights to either. (A TOS saying that anyone posting anything privately, IMO, does not mean that the person posting it had rights to it, nor do I believe that fine print ought to give anyone rights to anyone else's private information.) And a person that read all your email and an LLM that has been trained on all your email can both easily infringe your rights to privacy.
They do have to be the same because learning is not something you can constrain with law pragmatically. Style and structure is not protected and can be mimicked so it is trivial to do parallel construction for any stylistic ideal even if the law says you can’t train on the original. Society does not benefit from these extra steps.

Specific IP like characters are already perfectly well protected by copyright. It does not infringe on anything to learn about Batman.

Just “training for the heck of it” without any justification for limits besides hurting the artists feelings who put their art in public kinda sucks for them but the alternative is just saying that only but doing otherwise is just asking for only large corporations to be able to train. And it’s not like artists will be comped for that either. It’ll just be them losing out because they put it on a “free” platform.
> If a human kept around a briefcase of NYT articles they didn't pay for and let you view them for a fee I think everybody would agree that's copyright infringement.

Sure. Slightly more interesting is if that same human with those same breifcases was taking money to answer questions and referenced those papers, but did not just provide the article or headlines, and might not even be paraphrasing the article at all. Is that okay?

To the extent it is merely paraphrasing articles, or outputting headlines that it just looked up, I agree that could well be infringement. If it more transformative processes those articles into something distinct, then it is not nearly as clear cut. The latter is arguably the intent of openAI, even if the current results might be closer top the former.
Yes, this is the problem as described in the initial comment. Facebook has commercialized a basic slice of human interaction.

To boycott Facebook is to boycott people who rely on it. Quite evil at scale, from my perspective.
SAE Develops NACS J3400 Standard in Record Time
Yeah I agree; there are several strategies for the game as a question asker. For me when answering (only a few hundred answers across all Stack Exchange sites, so I'm already in the "tail" and probably not representative of the typical answerer), I mainly care about whether the question seems interesting and challenging to me (I'm especially likely to answer if I think no one else would answer). But the point remains that with several thousand questions being asked a day on Stack Overflow, most potential answerers are indeed likely considering "what question is worth the time to answer it" as you said, so a question needs something (effort, interest, broad utility… or just a stroke of good luck) to get "successful".

So when asking (~80 questions asked so far across SE sites, only 8 on Stack Overflow), I try to put effort into it (and show it), but ultimately still just treat each question as a gamble and if it doesn't "work out" (question got few/zero/negative votes, or no useful answers) it's no big deal (just lost a turn, try again next time… at least I learned something about what sorts of questions work well on this particular site, and got an opportunity to state my question as clearly as I could, which is often the most useful part of the process). But I can see how people who approach asking questions on StackOverflow from a mindset of "I need help and hope to get it here" can easily get frustrated.
I agree.. I was surprised that it made a difference, but on a large screen it makes the text feel more anchored to an actual page, not just sliding on the screen. It may be less effective on a small phone screen where the screen is less of your total view.
> Because I guarantee that the "vast majority of people with degrees" in the professions I described and many more, will use the knowledge acquired during their degree in their jobs.

I agree with this, but think the jobs that use degrees are a small minority. Maybe 20%?

> I'm not sure what physics or maths grad doesn't use the math he was taught/practiced/and picked up during his tutoring for the degree.

I'm a software engineer atm and while I have done some gnarly stuff with directed graphs, I don't think I've used any of my uni maths in my career. A friend of mine went to be an actuary, same thing, A-level maths was used but nothing beyond that. Catastrophe modeller? Same. Civil servant? Same. Hedge fund analyst? Same.

Very very few jobs actually require graduate level maths.
That is very possible to do. People overwrite their save data or their files without any VCS getting in the way.

It’s not like you need the history (is this a refactor or something else? doesn’t matter) so you don’t need to keep around such failed attempts.
The more common points are called trigonometrical points or triangulation stations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_station

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_beginning

(I'm surprised there's no link between these two articles.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_point
And for anyone who remembers the electronics during takeoff and landing ban once cell phones became common it was a massive hassle for flight attendants as many passengers routinely ignored instructions.
A New Kind of AI Copy Can Replicate Famous People
I’ve come around somewhat on this, at least insofar as I do believe it’s a novel legal question that I genuinely don’t see a clean way through.

If AI training maximally wins, it could substantially erode the value of IP to the degree of threatening the business models of some very important societal pillars like news media.
Just a more networking & recruiter driven approach.

I’d call it efficient rather than easy.
That’s not kinetic earthquake energy, though.

I think in an apples-to-apples comparison, you would need to attach some kind of device to absorb the kinetic energy from the fault.
Is anybody going to want to watch it other than the one who ordered it? Would anyone order this modified version before having paid for and enjoyed the original? If the market is flooded with these cheap copies, wouldn't the original have even more value for authenticity?
Congratulations, you just successfully argued that the First Amendment doesn't apply on the Internet.

What?
Press release: https://www.sae.org/news/press-room/2023/12/sae-j3400-tir-pr...
Thanks for making aider. I use it all the time. It's amazing.
The research for years has been pointing to the fact that calorie counting is one of the worst ways of tracking food. It assumes that all calories are equal. This thinking is what led to the food pyramid in the 70s which has then led to the obesity epidemic in the US. The number of calories you put in your body is not nearly as important as the actual kinds of foods. Weight watchers has actually finally had to admit that the quality of food actually plays an important role in weight loss. They've changed their program so that things like fruit are 0 points despite not being a low calorie food. As of right now, what the research is noticing is that insulin resistance plays big role in a lot of other health problems. And if your diet consists of lot of refined carbs like breads, it won't matter how you count calories, you probably won't feel that good. Exercise is a useful tool, but if you aren't eating the right things, it does very little for you. In the end, we just need to make better food choices. It seems that doing that makes everything else fall into place with little effort.
You can read the lawsuit yourself. It goes into great detail and obviously you didn't believe me based on the previous comment so you might as well do some original research then.

https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/68117049/the-new-york-t...
At that direct level yeah probably, and I do think copyright is dumb and should be if not abolished, limited to 20 years or whatever. That said, imagine training a network from scratch entirely on Disney's catelog. Even if that model is then prompted to generate new characters, it seems weird to say that Disney's copyright wasn't infringed.
The purpose of a backup is to recover data in the event of a catastrophic failure or loss of data. Copying files from one place to another doesn't address the probability of failure or recovery. Without probability, you have no idea how likely failure is, or how likely recovery of data might be. In addition, recovery needs to be tested to ensure it will work when needed.

You could copy the files onto a RAM disk on another computer and call that a backup, but you'd probably be nervous about the computer shutting off and losing your backup. Copying files to a remote disk may have the exact same probability of failure. You don't know until you investigate and calculate the probability. And if you haven't tested the recovery recently (or ever), you don't know the probability of recovery.

The probability of failure or recovery has to consider all eventualities. For example, it's now common practice for cybercriminals to attempt to erase backups of data in a ransomware attack. But it's also possible for people to accidentally delete backups. A proper backup should defend against these eventualities in order to increase the probability of a successful restore.
Fast isn’t instant. At 30,000 feet there’s plenty of time, at ground level things can go very badly extremely quickly and rapid task switching increases panic.

There’s several ways paying attention directly increases safety. First many evacuations aren’t fast enough for everyone to escape so even fractions of a second directly correlate to lives. Taking the crash position promptly reduces the risk of injury most importantly disabling injuries which may slow people exiting the aircraft. Safety briefings give relevant information in the event of an emergency which means people act more appropriately.
> Do Americans frequently think that?

Not in my experience (lifelong American). I'm not aware of any project to make people think all of North and South America are, in fact, rightly part of the U.S.[1]

The only slightly similar thing I can recall is an impression I formed in the 1980s: the global reach of Hollywood's TV and films gave non-American's a very skewed view of life in America.

[1] other than America's Westward expansion, and as far south as the Rio Grande river. But IIUC those were militaristic expansions, not mere cultural imperialism.
All that matters is that they keep trying. I tried to establish a workout routine for years and it didn’t ever stick … until it did. I’ve worked out 3-5x per week since 2016 and have benefitted immensely, and have successfully helped others do the same.
> A pencil can be used to recreate copyrighted works. Why should a LLM be different?

I find this a pretty week argument too. Does an LLM use a pencil? Can an LLM use a pencil? Does a pencil watch anime or read the NYT? Does a pencil create new work when upon request?

Are these things really comparable? Are they even related?
My favourite animated blog header of all time is that of acko.net: https://acko.net/blog/zero-to-sixty-in-one-second/

The design language is (understandably) feeling a bit 2013 these days, but objectively I think it's held up great.

It's something I'd like to do for my blog, since I'm getting tired of looking at the same static header, but I've yet to come up with the perfect design.
Or produces the watermark from the copyright holder which even Getty can see it is theirs [0], implying that Stability AI trained on Getty's images without their permission and tried to commercialize it via DreamStudio.

[0] https://www.technollama.co.uk/high-court-rules-that-getty-v-...

[1] https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/17/23558516/ai-art-copyright...
Presumably referring to this sentence from the Wikipedia page you linked to, quote: "Marginal deficiency is much more common and may occur in up to 40% of Western populations.".
When you get an asshole boss, people stop defecting when they see others getting away with stuff.

I'm not sure I could ignore outright theft. But I've definitely ignored - and watched others ignore - sandbagging, particularly when it has followed burnout.
It would follow that it doesn't apply to outputs either then, yes?
Marathon was available as shareware? I think it was plain commercial software that came in a box. At least my copy of Marathon 2 did. Incidentally, I replayed it last year: the gameplay is a bit rough for modern tastes, but the story really holds up.
In California, you file an action in court and they will redraw the property lines in a fair manner, allowing everyone affected to have a say in what counts as "fair".

https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2009/ccp/751.50-751....
The printing press also indirectly triggered the Reformation, and through that the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War, and through all those together the invention of the concept of Westphalian sovereignty. And in the UK the "Licensing of the Press Act 1662" (full title "An Act for preventing the frequent Abuses in printing seditious treasonable and unlicensed Bookes and Pamphlets and for regulating of Printing and Printing Presses" so guess what they cared about here).

While the ideals of freedom these brought may be desirable, we may want to avoid repeating the bloodshed from this particular bit of history. And that goes double for anyone in government who takes personal exception to being treated like French royalty.
I literally mailed cash to, I think, the author of ShapeShifter for the Amiga - a Mac emulator:

https://shapeshifter.cebix.net/

…or - memory is hazy - maybe it was more esoteric than that - was there a fast graphics driver for ShapeShifter by a different author?

Edit:

Checked my old email and, yes, a graphics ‘driver’ called ‘Savage030’ which I think used the 68030’s MMU somehow to make Mac 256 color graphics work full speed on the Amiga’s AGA system. I mailed cash to Hungary for it, which in 1997 felt pretty exotic - just a few years before that it was behind the Iron Curtain.
If you can type a whole book into a word processor, can you now distribute it without breaking copyright?
+1 Wildcat! Gods, I loved Wildcat!

I also bought all the related sysop stuff. PKZIP, misc dial-up programs (names?), was Eudora shareware?, QEdit, PC-Write, etc.

The offline mail reader Silly Little Mail Reader (SLMR) had discount bulk purchases to help BBS hosts (and themselves). So I'd buy 20 licenses and resell them to my regular callers at full price.

I miss SLMR every single day. Especially its TWIT filter feature.

--

I also published a few AutoCAD add-ons as shareware.

As plaintext source code, because obfuscaters were ineffective and made tech supp that much harder (AutoCAD didn't have a plugin/sandbox framework, so add-ons could clobber each other).

So others would plagiarize my stuff. Which I thought was both funny and helpful. Funny, because the knockoffs were always worse, instead of better. Helpful, because free marketing, because knockoff users would eventually need tech supp, find my originals, and end up buying my version. Woot!

Gods, those were the days. I'm sure it sucked IRL and I'm wearing nostalgia-powered rose-tinted hindsight glasses.

FWIW, I feel like patreon style funding is finally getting us back to the shareware culture (esthetic). Meaning customers give you money to encourage continued development, instead of buying licenses to use existing versions.

--

Edit. TIL:

Jim Button (RIP) was a pseudonym. What!?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Knopf

And I misremembered. Bob Wallace (RIP) wrote PC-Write, not Jim Button.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Wallace_(computer_scientis...

I'm sorry I never thought or tried to meet either of them. Darn.
If you want to make the case for adding additional safety procedures (no distractions during take-offs and landings) then you have to actually make the case. It's not enough to just assert that they seem minor if the benefit would also be minor. How much do you think this policy would reduce deaths?
But at least it was written by a real human! /s
The issue is the output, not the input. If LLMs were just learning from their training set and generating novel output, the same way a human might, then there'd be no problem.

The issue is that generative AI - both for images as well as text - in effect memorize sources as well as learn from from, and can end up regenerating training sources verbatim (or with minimal changes in case of images).

I don't think any US court is going to accept "yes your honor, we copied this copyright material, but we used a TOOL to do it" as a way to avoid copyright.
> Ever looked at a website and wondered if it is still in operation? Maybe a thing or two looked like they could have been updated – and then you notice the copyright notice the in the footer. "2012. Right, this site must be dead. Let's move along."

(site has a share on Google+ button)

This site is dead.
You say all this, yet waymo is demonstrably safer than the average driver.

Uphill in snow maybe you’ll have to take the wheel, I’ll give you that.
everyone in my circle has drifted away from facebook and mostly just uses whatsapp groups to organise events.
I use blu-tack putty, it’s opaque, easy to apply/remove. Its not flat though
so then what is the intent?
is it group punishment of israeli civilians ? and also Palestinian civilians who will find it even harder to find affordable food?

what is the intent?
> Low Voltage is a very specific term […]

It’s not a very specific term, at all - and is dependent upon context - per the first sentence, of the wikipedia article, you linked, stating:

> In electrical engineering, low voltage is a relative term, the definition varying by context.

The various standards, mentioned in that article, are in relation to “installations”, and power distribution. The standard in the UK (BS 7671), defines “high voltage”, as >600VAC difference between conductor(s), and earth.

A voltage greater than mains voltage, in any item of domestic electrical equipment, is absolutely “high voltage”. Hence why valve amp power supply terminals, are considered high tension (HT, i.e., high voltage), despite not exceeding the threshold, claimed in wikipedia.
Yea agree with you there. Do any new ones come without mics these days though?
macOS Defaults List
Sure, and that's the point of having courts. If you look at the examples in NYT's filing though I don't think anyone can argue that it isn't clear-cut plagiarism.
I used TextPad for a long time too, it always seemed to work faster, better and simpler than Notepad++ that was the main rival that people would rave about.
It doesn't need to be computationally costly because, as you seem to imply, there are tiers of cost tradeoffs. You can invoke a very cheap classifier at SMTP time, that is biased to have few false positives, that will temporarily reject all that which is highly likely to be spam. You can do this without even glancing at the body. Of course, having signals about peer reputation is the strong suit of Gmail or Microsoft, and the distributed, open community would need to solve the problem of promptly updating and distributing such reputation signals. And by "promptly" I mean within seconds of the leading edge of an attack.

Then there are increasing tiers of cost that you would only run after it becomes likely that the message is acceptable. As you say, you would only run an antivirus on a message on the verge of delivery, because decoding the attachment and running the AV (in an expensive sandbox) is so costly.
Not everybody thinks in the same way. Some, maybe most people benefit from intuition pumps such as analogies. Good analogies clarify the point, poor ones obscure it.
> You only need to learn the solver once, and you can re-use it for all kinds of problems. (Assuming that your instances don't have to be solved with low latency.

Mostly I run into this issue trying to script/hack together something quickly in a language I don't use very often. Ie usually missing a clean environment, working builds, nice package control. Like I want to do something in lua for a plugin, or python for some blender thing, etc etc.

It's just one more hassle that makes the whole thing frustratingly not worth it. That toolbox is a neat link though, thanks!