skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sorry, but your reply does not sound like you you want to engage in good faith argument.

Market failure: has many forms, but physical damage or physical resources not represented by fiscal value are one example.

Monopolies and naïve price policies are others.

I am very well aware that this term covers a wide range of situations, including your example. You seem to insist on constraining it to your private definition.

I feel you don't quite understand what that term encompasses.

> > Who owns natural resources?

> Whoever legally owns them.

That is a non-answer.

Frankly, I don't feel that you even try to understand what you are talking about.

If you'd like to educate yourself, here's an explanation how externalities relate to market failure:

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/Series/Back...

> Neoclassical economists long ago recognized that the inefficiencies associated with technical externalities constitute a form of “market failure.” Private market–based decision making fails to yield efficient outcomes from a general welfare perspective

Happy Christmas.
Emacs Mode Line
In 5th grade, around 1998, a friend and I spent a few lunchtimes in the library decoding the Ultima Online rune alphabet from known town names on the paper map. In retrospect we probably could have just looked it up online but I think we hadn't yet developed the search-everything mindset.

I hadn't thought of this in a long time before your comment reminded me.
I think it's important to emphasize that you won't win against random luck without the rush strategy:

- If you begin in a corner (best) or side (ok), you can win if the side opposite to the one you are rushing towards does not rush you. If you begin in the center there is no way to win.

- To rush wait until ~17 because then you'll fill a full run before your lands get 2, enabling a second rush if the first fails.

If you win against one player before 50 seconds the chances get exponentially higher to win. Beat 2 in the first 100 seconds and you probably have 90% chance of steamrolling the entire board.
Please check out the following projects:

https://github.com/jmorganca/ollama

https://github.com/mudler/LocalAI
I have chronic difficulty spending money, to the extent that I'm surprised if in any month my total outgoings including rent and utility bills exceeds €1k, but I also noticed a long time ago that my attitudes to money are unusual, and that most people want to spend slightly more than they earn regardless of income.

$800k/year, even if that were after tax, can be burned fast by sufficiently expensive hobbies like maintaining your own sufficiently large private plane or yacht. And if you want to go to orbit…
I didn't say the forest would disappear, but that the species in it are at risk of disappearing. That's already happened for some species, and it's often the case that reduced portions of the forest will not support more specialist species
Is attention more than "hyperplane flatness"?
The US economy had a huge boom from 1946 to 1974, powered by amazing demographics and advances in technology that we don't have today. I don't think political will is what made that possible, just good timing.
Private servers are already possible and also popular. The network is called FiveM and it has a lot more features and customization than the original.
The most interesting bit about this to me is, how fast the daughters developed their own language without intention.
Advent of Technical Writing: Code Snippets
> Yes, if you push SQL to really pained lengths it can be done, but with a whole lot of added overhead that isn't necessary.

I still don't get your point. Maybe a conrete example helps: listing the contents of a user's posts. In graphql:

users(id: "x") {
postIds # don't really need those
posts {
text
}
}

Here, if this is stored in SQL, there will probably be 3 tables: users, userposts and posts. All conntected by the respective postId. GraphQL is nice here, because instead of making a query to get the user's postIds and then one ore more queries to get each post's content, with GraphQL we only need one network trip.

If the backend is half stupid, it will run 2 SQLs here. If it's smart, it will resolve the whole thing with one join.

So far there is no performance benefit over writing a single SQL with a join and having the backend execute it directly.

Still, I want to emphasize that I'm not advocating to do the latter - it has various drawbacks. But just im terms of performance, there is no disadvantage for the SQL solution.

Even if we look at running 2 completely different semantical queries in the same graphql request, we can do the same in SQL with a width-clause. With the technique shown in the article, it's really easy to support that in the API.
Here's a (video) guide on fine-tuning Mistral 7B with QLoRA: https://www.harpercarroll.com/articles/ai/llm-finetune-own-d... / https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/kmkcNVvEz-k

Fine tuning does result in degradation of the overall model (https://twitter.com/xaiguydotagi/status/1737082280835703142) and so various RAG techniques may be desirable. As others have mentioned, LlamaIndex is a neat solution to build RAG pipelines: https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/optimizing/production_r...
Just a few data points. :)

My direct experience with power train sensors has been a loud noise and lots of red triangle messages that something has failed (drive motor).

Another time my direct experience with inside edge wear has been... a pop and a hiss. Then the tire pressure readout gave a red triangle to say the tire had low pressure and the number was dropping to zero. (google "tesla inside edge tire wear")

My direct experience with many flat tires has been -- tesla roadside assistance will waste the rest of your day or night. I've considered buying that aftermarket spare.

And the battery fuse went once - I got a huge red message:

"BMS_u031 Battery Fuse Requires Replacement Soon - OK to drive, schedule service"?

Turns out telsa doesn't actually KNOW if the fuse needs to be replaced - you have to bring it in (google BMS_U031) It is several hundred dollars to replace.

If your car has a 12v battery, it will eventually die. The battery is fairly expensive.

actually, most maintenance stuff is hidden away. Wish I could unhide it, even if tesla only did it when out of warranty.
Brakes are probably going to last for at least 100k miles easily. Mine are still fine after 150k miles.
Not a word on M-Discs? o.O Weird.
On getting my first ten customers
> As opposed to object-oriented interfaces like for example Windows NT, which allows for elegant shells like PowerShell.

Now let the downvotes flow in…

No downvote from me!

I always found UNIX's everything-is-a-bag-of-bytes to be a huge pain, and file descriptors even worse.

This is a hard pill to swallow for many *nix die-hards, but I would say that objectively speaking, Windows NT has a better core OS model than Unix-like OSs, including the driver model, the filesystem API, the process management API[1], and the overall plug-and-play-ness of NT.

[1]: The OP article mentions this paper by Microsoft Research, but claims it doesn't offer alternatives—it does. It explicitly mentions posix_spawn and CreateProcess. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3317550.3321435
This is interesting insight, would you care to share some parts of your ssh config indicating how you use ssh over a proxy here, most likely through a VPN?
Just skimmed the article. Yep, this is obviously one of those meaningless intellectual games. Nothing to see there.

Does God exist? Well, something makes logic, the mathematical universe, and the physical universe work. We might as well call that something God. That doesn't mean that God is a conscious being. But then again, it becomes increasingly difficult to define what a conscious being is.
Love Zotero. I've found it to be the best document manager of the available options. Good for research organization, casual reading, highlighting, annotations, and so on.

Just want to thank the devs for sharing it with the world :)
Merry Christmas everyone. However you choose to spend this day, and whethet or not you hold it to be special in any way, I hope it is peaceful and good for you.
More than 500k under-35 in UK out-of-work due to long-term illness
Allegedly this is a problem Nvidia has encountered. Their share price increase means they have a lot of staff who are now rich through share ownership and who don't really need to put in the effort any more.

https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/wealthy-nvid...

It's not quite the same as OpenAI, but as soon as those engineers realise they're not having fun at work anymore, there's a risk they'll just leave or coast. For now they're probably riding high at the place to be, doing the "best" AI work there is. It could stay like that for a long time, but it probably won't last forever.
I used to own a Daihatsu and always wondered how they made such a small car comply with the safety standards of larger vehicles. Cheating. The answer was cheating on the test.
Christ, this Sphere thing is some hubristic shit, escaped straight out of some David Foster Wallace novel. I'm glad the aliens will be able to see all our fucking whopper adverts from space.
Ask HN: Your Business Future ERP System
Hi all! I want to ask you a question about ERP systems.
I have viewed a lot of posts, where a lot of people say that most ERP systems they've used are bad/not good enough, so I want to make a way new Product.
For those who don't know what ERP system is:
Enterprise Resource Planning software helps companies more efficiently manage their resources .
Why Your Start-up need it? Because You want to grow.

I am going to start a company which will be creating Permissioned Blockchain Based ERP systems.
My intent is to make ERP systems more secure, with more closer meet to Your particular business needs.

Quick Intro:
Permissioned Blockchain allows us to control who reads and writes the data. Using this, and other technologies that we will make our
Product even more secure, we, hopefully, will prevent data leaks.
Additionally, (I believe it is called ERP systems as well) I want our product also to cover Universities and Hospitals.
That is a very popular problem in hospitals, unfortunately.

In a week, I will launch the first landing page, and currently I am working on the "Finances" module.
If You want more information, feel free to direct message me.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/oleksandr-matviienko-4a7b16248/

But firstly, I need to ask You a few questions:
What exactly you don't like in your ERP systems?
What You think should be improved?
Your opinion about my product?
I was expecting that at the end it would turn out that the records of the lost civilization are full of symbols of a certain religion, let's say the "Om" sign or whatever, and that the priest would then realize: "Oh shit, religion XYZ was right all the time" or something like that.

Actually, I like my ending better :)

I guess we had to wait till Douglas Adams for such absurdities.
Merry Christmas from Vietnam :)

I read HN most days. It’s great to see people from so many places around the world in this thread.

All the best for 2024!
The issue is asset prices are higher now.
DSP is mainly mathematics, and so there's not much substitute for understanding someof the theory if you actually want to understand what's going on. It may look intimidating with all the calculus but it's not actually that bad if you just want to understand how the mathematical description of a filter relates to the implementation in terms of the multiplications and additions that are happent.
The regular inspection for ICE vehicles is centered around oil changes, air filter change (engine, not cabin), valve checks and distribution chain/belt changes. Everything else, from brake pads (wear sensors entered the chat), tires (life varies a lot, from 10k km to over 40k km for cars), windshield wipers (no determined lifetime, change it when it breaks) to brake fluid (recommended to change every 3 years) are done opportunistically with some oil changes.

Without an ICE, the only regular maintenance you need is brake fluid. Everything else depends loosely on kilometers and style of driving and quality of materials (wipers).
> The non-compliance fine(s) (USD) will be assessed for every Sev-0 violation issued as follows:

> Tier 1: $2,000, for phishing, smishing, and social engineering

> Social Engineering refers to the practice of targeting individuals in a way that manipulates individuals to reveal private information like credit card numbers, or social security numbers.

> Tier 2: $1,000, for illegal content (included content must be legal in all 50 states and federally)

> Illegal content includes, but is not limited to, Cannabis, Marijuana, CBD, Illegal Prescriptions, and Solicitation.

> Tier 3: $500, for all other violations including, but not limited to, SHAFT

> Please review the T-Mobile Code of Conduct Section 5.2 for a list of all disallowed content

Section 5.2 mentions, a.o, gambling, payday loans and work from home programs. The code of conduct also discusses opt out, that high opt-out rates will warrant investigation, etc

This is limited to customers using their “bandwidth” service for sending messages en mass. So, I think this is a good change.

(If it weren’t, it would be very bad, as it would mean discussing where one can get an abortion can cost you $1000, because that isn’t legal in all 50 states)

They also don’t mention how they will enforce those rules. Will they read all messages sent through that service?
> it’s free for hydrogen storage

If only chemistry was so forgiving. The existing methane infrastructure isn't nothing, but it's also (from everything I've heard whenever this comes up) not everything either.

OTOH, I have heard hydrogen is a lot friendlier when mixed with methane, so I assume this will still be very useful when transitioning to whatever comes next.
Thanks from the fans of shiny physical media out there :)
Author here, unfortunately not (to my knowledge). I've used a lot of Python and Typescript and have never found a solution that made me happy when it comes to pattern matching / destructuring. Sorry :'(
It does not seem as critical for public SSH servers but does seem pretty bad for ssh clients using ProxyCommand in their configurations.

I had this in my config for proxying over tor and seems like it is vulnerable.

```

ProxyCommand connect -5 -S localhost:9050 `tor-resolve %h` %p

```

https://swrdfish.github.io/2015/01/08/ssh-and-git-through-to...
Part 1 / Ames and Anamorphosis
If I have one message to give to the secular American people, it’s that the world is not divided into countries. The world is not divided between East and West. You are American, I am Iranian, we don’t know each other, but we talk together and we understand each other perfectly. The difference between you and your government is much bigger than the difference between you and me. And the difference between me and my government is much bigger than the difference between me and you. And our governments are very much the same.

Marjane Satrapi
<3333333333333333 have good time everyone!!!
With OpenAI, you can first build Question & Answer pairs derived from your documents and use the OpenAI fine-tuning feature to build yourself a custom model. This method is more than just learning behavior in that facts do get recalled. I have written about it here, with a play demo use-case: https://ndurner.github.io/training-own-model-finetuning
Note that I have yet to use this in a real world use-case, and I would love to hear feedback.

Other than OpenAI, there is the newly introduced „continued pre-training“ of Amazon Bedrock - but I haven’t tried.

RAG: I think that‘s a fundamentally flawed concept, but RAGfluencers will disagree. ;-)
You’re lucky. My burn rate is $6k, and it makes me wince. Keep it up! (Or down, in this case.)

It’s not impossible to imagine burning $800k a year, but saying it’s "not hard" is so very Silicon Valley.
"paging dr. whoever"

Can't help but think of that epic line in The Hangover

"Paging doctor F.....!"
- Phil
How so? How many toxins and heave metals are emitted by burning LNG?
Most people on HN are temporarily embarrassed billionaires waiting for their next startup to be graced
I'm afraid this might not be sufficient.

For example, you might have a table "users" but while "admins" can see all users, "moderators" might only be allowed to see the users of their moderated areas.

As soon as this kind of flexibility is needed, solutions like Postgrest stop working - they are just not made for that level of customization.
If they cared about their customers they would pay to stop them (us) getting pwned with numerous 0-day vulnerabilities that no doubt exist in a 15 year old code base that had never seen the light of day.
Doesn't it show you when to do some maintenance based on sensors? BMW has a display that has miles on it, but those miles are only rough estimates. It may say 50k miles after replacing brake pads, but 40k miles later that could have changed to zero or it could only reach zero after 60k miles. The indication for service is based on a sensor at the brake pad, not a service interval in miles.
But he did use gas bottles to heat up things and this can make all the difference. Still, not pleasant.

Oh - and you automatically stay awake, when it gets too cold. Only when you are really exhausted and sleep in the cold, you will never wake up (from various movies and books I was afraid of this trope when I was younger, but nope, as long as you have energy left, your body automatically wakes you up and starts moving to create heat). Not being able to sleep, because of cold, is one of the less awesome outdoor experiences. On the other hand, the more you enjoy the sun on the next day (if you are lucky and there is sun).
If you need row level security for some tables you can also solve that with views that are made with the appropriate rows.

QoS could be a problem, indeed. If QoS it is an issue in the case one is working on, exposing your data as SQL might not be best choice, and neither is exposing any type of api that causes the server to have to do hard work.

For small applications with a hundred to a few hundred users using the databases own user management is quite handy. You can be very sure that you don't leek information and you can be quite certain that potential bugs in your application code won't lead to many of the common security vulnerability's that exist.
A fun little Go program to print Christmas Tree on Console, coding session
I agree, it is probably the best narrative experience I have had with a video game. And easily ruined by spoilers.
Generalizing vectors in generative models seems like an incredibly useful thing to know about, if you want to use them more effectively. Blew my mind when I saw someone demonstrate doing vector math on a GAN a couple years back to move an "input image" around the space of outputs.

Maybe this could be useful for singling out post-LLM text and generating output that excludes it.
How much does this vary by jurisdiction? I remember the UK has the "MOT test" which I think does rather more than that, but that's just the UK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOT_test
apotris’ master mode is very good, I just played a lot of it, thanks for the rec!
Wait, Tesla does not have that?

If not, that is really, really dumb, and there is no way to justify not doing that. Especially for car that probably has more sensors, electronics and software than most cars (that also provide such info).
I didn't downvote you but I can see why you were - your Wikipedia article doesn't support your argument - the strongest point it makes is that the UN HRC has an enquiry into Israel's actions.

There's several references to various NGOs calling for action against Israel but as we've seen recently at the Harvard and other Ivy's, that's deeply murky territory.

That's very, very far away from your claim that the rest of the world generally accepts that Israel is committing war crimes and instituting apartheid. To repeat, its well established that the rest of the world generally (and increasingly) supports a humanitarian ceasefire in the region.
The article claims that their tech should be cheaper than li-ion if manufacturing is scaled up.

This is actually plausible, because there are fewer parts. Each li-ion battery consists of a huge number of cells which must each be manufactured with precision, whereas precision parts comprise only a small piece of a flow battery - most of it is just the four tanks

This does seem a relatively promising tech. Cheaper and less flammable. One thing that don't mention is whether it's can charge conventionally as quickly as li-ion. If so then it could be a drop in replacement even without deploying electrolyte replacement stations.
Tesla cars are interesting. The drivetrain and the battery are very reliable and will likely be never need service.

But everything else is shitty. The construction quality, random breakages, neverending rattles are annoying. My Tesla spent more time in service than my partner's Toyota, and this includes regular oil changes.
> why continue to do extremely difficult work?

For the same reason rich CEOs still go to work. They find pride in their work and it's a status symbol.

Imagine being part of the company that solved AGI.
Tesla Model 3, owner here. The list of reasons why I will never buy a Tesla again is too long, but they pretty much all boil down to cheap parts and poor build quality. That goes for their software also, absolute junk.
only care about what you can control
Like this comment, anyone that is serious about UNIX, knows it is a pile of hacks, everything is a file except when it is not, and being free beer with source code is what has largely contributed to its adoption by universities and workstation vendors, saving costs on OS licenses and R&D.

The UNIX creators did not come up with Plan 9 and Inferno just for fun.

And to quote Rob Pike, someone that knows more about UNIX, than most folks here, maybe you will take him more seriously,

"We really are using a 1970s era operating system well past its sell-by date. We get a lot done, and we have fun, but let's face it, the fundamental design of Unix is older than many of the readers of Slashdot, while lots of different, great ideas about computing and networks have been developed in the last 30 years. Using Unix is the computing equivalent of listening only to music by David Cassidy."

-- https://interviews.slashdot.org/story/04/10/18/1153211/rob-p...
Sure, but why wouldn't Tesla write some software for those items like other car brands do? Let the driver know it's time to replace the brake fluid, tell the driver the estimated wear (+ sensor warning) on the brake pads?
Show HN: A Telegram Bot That Monitors Domains
IIRC, in real world installations the Cray would have been paired with a minicomputer or mainframe.
Ask the model nicely, check any json in the output against your schema, regenerate if it doesn’t match.

Crude, I know, but it’s compatible with every model. Which is useful if you want to compare the many different models out there.
"You don't earn what you deserve. You earn what you negotiate."
Not sure about Spanish, but in Slavic/Germanic languages it's as OP says, the plural form tends to show more respect for e.g. talking to a stranger, especially an older one. Students typically address teachers this way and teachers don't do it in return, until university where students are considered old enough and it's typically done mutually. People of the same age that know each other almost always just use singular form.

There are actually three forms if we're completely exact: singular 2nd person, plural 2nd person, and plural 3rd person. German uses the first and last, Slavic languages have all three but the third is very dated and practically unused by now.