skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
My first computer program was taking an entire "choose your own adventure" type book and implementing it in Basic on my Commodore Vic-20. Took up all but about eleven bytes of RAM that I could cram into the thing, including the 16KB RAM module plugged into the back. That was the summer of 1982, two years before I graduated high school.

I didn't start writing COBOL and FORTRAN programs on punched cards for the IBM 3081 mainframe until I got into college, in the fall of 1984.
Ask HN: How do I train a custom LLM/ChatGPT on my own documents in Dec 2023?
There is a 5 month old thread [1] on this, but it might be already outdated.

What is the best approach for feeding custom set of documents to LLM and get non-halucinating and decent result in Dec 2023?

UPD: The question is generally about how to "teach" LLM answer questions using your set of documents (not necessarily train your own, so approaches like RAG counts)

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36832572
2023 marked the death of anonymity online in China
You're missing data from the past 3 years showing it coming back down.

In a conversation about current trends, it's important not to link to a dataset that only ends in 2020.
You can download them.
Nothing the US military can’t fix (or make things worse?) when the time comes. If the cartels get in the way of making money through industry they will be taken down a few notches.
that my wife and kids are alive and healthy, anything else is just icing on the cake for me.
GPL + a copyright assignment agreement also works (because the copyright holder can issue any sort of license he pleases in addition to GPL)
Most of what I learned about computing in those early days came from Byte Magazine.

I still want to know when we are going to get our Transputers that can run machine language code from any architecture of CPU, because even their microcode can be rewritten in software on the fly -- beyond what we can do with FPGAs.
Indeed, transformers are just another universal approximator; it doesn't matter exactly what a particular attention head does, whether it's operating as a continuous associative array or kernel smoothing, or simulating a higher-dimensional vector space which exhibits monosemanticity. What OP misses is that in addition to being universal, all that matters is that it's efficiently trainable, and in particular on GPUs and in parallel; that is what makes it better than LZ or any other universal approximator; all else is secondary. If you can make LZ (or anything else) work significantly more efficiently than transformers on GPUs, you can found the next OpenAI and be a billionaire.
In general? No, of course not; I feel that would be an absurd claim to make.

But as an international language? I think having everyone learn something that is comparatively easy to learn is certainly more fair than having most people learn something that is comparatively hard to learn and understood by others from the get-go, thereby giving the latter an unfair advantage. And I feel that being more fair in this regard is indeed morally superior.

(Then again, that might just boil down to one's own idea of morality. But I feel like this one shouldn't be all too uncommon, and the claim is entirely reasonable in its terms.)
"By the end of 1984, Tandy was the largest UNIX systems vendor of their day"

My high school had I think the TRS-80 Model 16B with I thought 8-12 terminals attached. It was primarily used for a COBOL class, replacing a Burroughs mini and punch cards.
Sure. But he wasn't rational. My point remains, this:

> As far as I can tell he kept hanging on because he believed (correctly) that the US and USSR would soon be enemies, and believed (incorrectly) that he could cut a side deal to join one side against the other.

is total fan fiction.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_constellations

> Some of the Northern Sky's former constellations were placed in the less populated regions between the traditional brighter constellations just to fill gaps. In the Southern Sky, new constellations were often created from about the 15th century [...] European countries [...] often supported and popularised their own constellation outlines. In some cases, different constellations occupied overlapping areas and included the same stars.
I felt the same reaction, it had lots of nifty tricks I guess but not much of a cohesive framework.
I just think of scaled dot product attention as a generalized convolution mechanism. The query, key, value jargon is a little confusing. All 3 are derived from the same signal in self attention and just multiplied with each other. Who knows why it works. And what hyper parameters are good for what data? what’s the ideal sequence size ?
Maybe because in the places where most news are written (DC, NY, SF) crime has spiked drastically?

EG:

"D.C. Police have responded to 227 homicides so far in 2023. That's up 34% from the same time last year. It also tops 2021's total for the year, which was the highest since 2003. That means the homicide rate in the District is the highest it's been in 20 years, and climbing, with two months left in the year."

https://www.wusa9.com/article/news/crime/dc-homicide-rate-20...

https://www.axios.com/local/washington-dc/2023/10/03/dc-crim...
This is not apartheid, and something is, but not this.

I don't know what exactly happened with those people - though by the fact that they call Jewish inhabitants of Jerusalem "settlers" I can know I can't trust a word that they are saying, and the source - which is the horrendously biased against Israel Guardian - even if everything that they say were true (which I very much suspect isn't), it looks like a property dispute, very likely based on the habit of certain parts of the population (not only Arabic, but often also) to build things first and apply for permits never. This is not always prosecuted, but sometimes it is. Sometimes it leads to very nasty disputes. Never has anything to do with "apartheid", which is lack of rights based on race (or, I allow it, ethnicity). Again, Arabs in Israel enjoy exactly the same rights, so the claim of "apartheid" is pure libel. That doesn't change an iota even if you find some instance of somebody being unjustly treated by somebody else or the legal system (again, I have zero reason to believe The Guardian in this particular case, but even if it did, it would have nothing to do with supposed "apartheid").

Also I note if you watch the film carefully, the Arabs do not just demand the property. They demand the Jews to leave Jerusalem (1:26). Israel is just fine with Arabs living in Jerusalem (even if some may claim they are not fairly treated). Arabs are not fine with Jews living in Jerusalem. And we just witnessed on October 7th what they do to Jews they're not fine with, when they can. In Jerusalem, they can't. But they still would like to. I don't think when they are deprived of this capacity, it's called "apartheid" - it's not what that word was supposed to mean.
In the context here, it is about rapidly making a GUI by visually editing widgets, usually via drag and drop, pretty much like placing shapes in a power point slide. The IDE doesn't just contain a source code editor, but also that visual window/form "designer" (in Visual Studio jargon). The RAD IDE generates the GUI code from what you've drawn, instead of you having to manually type it yourself, hence the "Rapid" part. To attach code to an event (i.e. click) you often simply have to double click on the corresponding widget/control in the visual designer, or use the corresponding "Event" GUI element somewhere in the IDE. This was in contrast to how it was done with C++ options such as MFC prior to Visual Basic / Delphi.

It gets GUI layouts done fast, but I also think it has some drawbacks. Manually drawing controls, i.e. sizing & positioning, eventually becomes a tedious chore once you have a lot of them or if you anticipate frequent updates in the UI. One trick I always end up using is just using some simple math to do the layout as the form resizes. In C# + Winforms, I'd go further by bypassing the visual designer as much as I can and just manually spawn the widgets just like any other object. Other UI frameworks also assist in layouts or just don't make this a problem to begin with. For example WxWidgets, Qt and, if I'm right Ultimate++, have sizer/container controls that do the layout logic.
2024 could be the year the PC dumps x86 for Arm
I used it to write a bare-bones JIT compiler for deep-learning kernels.

I would have preferred to emit something like LLVM IR instead, but couldn't because of several constraints.
> Maybe the effect of American industrialization didn't have a big effect internationally until the ~1890s and onward, but I'd hardly say the USA was a backwater throughout the industrial revolution.

The US had a huge effect on industrialized Europe before that. The British textile revolution would never have happened if the US hadn't supplied a large chunk of the cotton (from plantations in the South) and if the British hadn't physically destroyed the the-dominant textile industry in India.
I don't understand how anyone would ever pay. There is nothing guaranteeing you the hackers actually destroy their copy of the data on payment, so they could just come back and ask you for another payment every few months.

Or are we really supposed to believe these criminals would follow some sort of made up honor code?
why would that call into question the underlying test? Rather it calls into questions the design decision of the daihatsu team to know they could create a safer product but decide to not do so, and fake it on the safety tests.
auto in this context creates a non-type template parameter (NTTP). They've been in the language since C++11 (std::array<int, 3>).
Same thing here we hired a retired domain specialist, sure he had issues with all current dev environments, tooling etc. But that's still a really clear net positive. There is no way we could have built this without the decades of knowledge he has.
I haven't read Buffet on this but I wouldn't call it stochastic because each hypothesis should be driven roughly by theory, sort of multiple educated guesses that are each uncorrelated and unique
Emulators have given that forever. It does not seem to have stopped re-releases.
https://archive.md/BE9zX
Humans are great and making things. Making collective decisions that might make everyone’s lives suck more in the short term and possibly not make much difference in the long term isn’t interesting to a lot of people. The only real way to reduce carbon emissions is via innovation. If you care about climate change stop protesting and start innovating.
How does it compare in approach with The Art of Computer Programming, which is more of an encyclopaedia like view of the subject.
In that imgur plot see it ending in 2022, and crime has barely bulged after exploding in 2020-21, where there was the largest increase in the entire time series.

We are basically back to 1995 homicide levels which is insane
Traditional costume thats all
Why with single payer would there not still be instances of treatment being denied?

>rather than deal with faceless automata at health insurance companies

Would this not be replaced with faceless automata in government?

Just look at how the VA is run and complains about it. Looking at that I have exactly zero confidence in the government being able to run things better than the shit show at the insurance companies.

Businesses do need to compete with and overthrow the current middlemen in the medical world. It's just difficult and a very slow process.
You're going to have to point to some evidence that it's a "growing" consensus.

People have had that attitude for many, many decades. It's not new.
On iPhone you can install the Orion browser which allows uBlock or use Reader mode in Safari by pressing and holding the "ᴀA" button left of the URL.

https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/orion-browser-by-kagi/id148449...

https://help.kagi.com/orion/browser-extensions/ios-ipados-ex...
I agree with what you’ve written. Basically, Russia has used Eastern
Europe the same way China uses North Korea, Xinjiang, Tibet, and parts of Mongolia: as a defensive buffer. Im not trying to ignore that occupations by authoritarian regimes tend to not be nice. I’m just stating the cold logic of it. I totally also get why the Ukrainian people want to fight for their freedom from authoritarian corruption.

as for the larger “reason” it’s simply human nature. We’ve gotten better over the centuries, but game theory’s core idea is still in play.
Show HN: Bots That Play Bingo on iOS
Hi everyone, Merry Christmas!

I made these bots recently.

I really enjoy the game Bingo King on iOS, and I always thought it would be fun to automate gameplay cause it’s so simple.

Through doing this, I kind of realized the games are rigged. It does not matter how well you play, they can always surface a user who played better.

Even though the game is pinned as skill based, there is still much luck involved around when power ups are used. For this reason, even with the bot, I would always lose more than I won.

I found it interesting.

Enjoy tinkering with it - it’s a neat way to automate games on iOS.

I had this and similar projects working in iPad and iPhone.
Neighborhood/distance will have more influence on the school lottery starting next year.
Why should my tax dollars go towards investigating damage to your car, when you don't even have a single security guard?
Such games are often not peer to peer, like the games of old. Releasing a server in a form that's somehow operable by a third party is not always easy.
The Mars atmosphere is not conducive to aero-braking. In fact, it is the worst of both worlds: thick enough that you cannot use thrusters without them getting destroyed by air friction, and thin enough that at the end of a parachute descent you still have to rely on either thrusters, or have your landing vehicle turn itself into a literal bouncy castle.

It's no wonder NASA came up with the absolute craziest solution -- a wicked fast heat shield burn descent, followed by a wicked fast parachute descent, followed by an absurdly complicated and risky 'sky crane' procedure to shave off the rest of the velocity using thrusters.
A lot of money is spend on end-of-life care, trying to keep someone alive on their deathbed for an extra month or two, and people don't seem to want to talk about the diminishing returns of some of that care, and the opportunity costs - the other people that could have been helped more with those resources.

It's a thing, even if ignored. We're paying big premiums for that to insurance companies as part of our wages and taxes.

I wonder if other countries do significantly better?
Why do they have to debate and refute?
It's not clear during what time frame you grew up, but note that violent crime is dramatically lower than it was 30+ years ago.

It blows my mind that people are so uncaring about their kids' daily experience (mobility, independence, access to interesting activities, ...) as to move to typical American suburbs with their kids. The benefit of the suburbs is a bigger amount of personal space at home for the same price, but everything outside the house kind of sucks, especially for kids.

We're not necessarily the "techie family" you are imagining though; I spent about a quarter of my childhood in a medium-poor city in Mexico, and my wife grew up in China. Personally I really appreciate having a quite diverse cast of neighbors.
Emmanuel Kant reflected deeply on the ontological argument, as did Godel, Decartes, Spinoza, and Plantinga among others. Perhaps a bit of intellectual openness and a touch of humility would benefit the conversation in this thread? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy has a lengthy discussion on the history of the ontological argument, together with various attempts to refute it and reformulate it.

I find Kant's refutation most convincing. His claim is: "Existence is not a predicate." My intuition on his point is this. Let's consider the following statement: "Imagine a unicorn, with the property that it happens to be brown." There is an implicit and unstated assertion at the beginning of the above statement, that we are for the moment imagining that that the unicorn exists. We might rephrase as follows: "Imagine for the moment that a particular unicorn exists, and that it has the property that it is brown." Now we attempt to attribute to this unicorn the "property" of non-existence: "Imagine that a particular unicorn exists, and that it has the property that it does not exist." The statement is logically ill-formed, since we assert of a hypothetical entity that it simultaneously has and does not have a "property", namely that of existence. Hence, "existence" cannot be considered to be a property whose presence or absence can be attributed to a hypothetical entity. Kant argues that since Anselm's Ontological Argument depends on this logical fallacy, it is shown to be invalid.

Has anyone evaluated Godel's reformulation of the Ontological Argument to see if it avoids Kant's critique? I can't help but imagine that Godel was aware of Kant's (and others') analysis of the Ontological Argument.
Not happening. RISC-V exists.

ARM is as much of a dead end as x86 is.
> After Argentina's recent election I've been consuming lots of content from there, and it sometimes surprises me how frequently they use vos in things that would seem to call for politeness. Vos itself was formal address in Spain in the time of Cervantes IIRC, it is also the origin of vuestro merced (usted)

vos is not really formal in Argentinian Spanish, although it does share an etymologocal root with vuestro merced/Usted.

Argentinian Spanish is itself pretty different from other Latin American dialects, but in general vos is used interchangeably with tú, to the point where the accusative form of "vos" is also te - ie, "Vos te levantás" instead of "tú te levantas" (note the location of the accents in each example).

The connotations of formality (or lack thereof) are subtle and vary much more widely than you might imagine - far more than the comment limit on HN would permit - but by and large it's better to think of vos as the informal pronoun, and the only question is whether it's used alongside tú, in place of it, or in some weird combination that has its own subtle connotations.
American chestnuts are actually smaller still than the Chinese variety.

The varieties grown and sold in Europe are larger than the Asian.

I have an American/Chinese F1 hybrid here on my hobby farm and its nuts are smaller than the Chinese. Which aren't very large.
It comes naturally when the box is so small!
Having no opinion is a lost art. I’m also not sure what you mean by “skeptical of vaccines.” Skepticism means doubting knowledge claims, so you’ll need to put forth some claims to have a real discussion here.
"a different kind of chestnut commonly found"

Sometimes called horse chestnut, but not actually a chestnut, completely unrelated. North American native, though I understand it's been introduced into Europe.
Most of the privacy advocates I know have given up on persuading people outside their bubble and now merely want tools that don't spy on them.

Proseletyzing doesn't really work, mostly because any attempt to have this conversation attracts people like you, contributing nothing but bad-faith sumamries and pretending anyone who disagrees with you is crazy or dangerous. Calling the software "non-functional" because it doesn't assume that everyone wants everything they do shipped off to a third party 'sync' service is disingenuous. "Backing off slowly" is just a pointless ad hominem.

It's nice that the result is a slowly increasing collection of applications which don't make the same assumptions as the walled-garden offerings. It would be nicer if it could happen without the peanut gallery attacking everyone.
Agreed - the rebuttal comment you got had the example of "having to deal with MAGA people bitching about your existence as a Mexican migrant". Russia has been is conducting influence campaigns to stir up these very problems! NatSec is important for these social issues too.
Their business model wouldn't work if they did a double random. It's not an honor code but a common sense code.
They have an incentive to uphold their end, otherwise they will never be able to extort someone else in the future.
They are absolutely 100% complicit, and not just by chance, they are knowingly complicit. They take contracts from governments to censor and oppress their people. Just like IBM helped catalogue Jews in Germany and Standard Oil fueled the Nazi war machine, these companies take money to control information flows within dictatorships, hide atrocities and even provide information technology to help then further their aims in more concrete ways like biometric tracking and hacking tools.
What was your experience like with the VA?
I think the advertiser boycott is a major contributor.
Advertisements are slow...
SHA256 hash for anyone got the file:

46ffb7f65944d4aaf97fd1eb8718be2dcd1ede71d38228bf126d25cf4f100e7b 3.31GB no_pass_gtav_source.zip

76f50dd98da88ec574b6c2800193f3579e588073fd05f18190313af2cfbb6bf3 4.33GB GTAVSP.7z (Pass: Mi76#b>9mRed)
You're mixing up unrelated issues. Anyone can call themselves a "nutritionist"; it's essentially a meaningless term.

MDs don't have a monopoly on receiving medical insurance payments. Insurers will pay for many non-medical allied health services including registered dieticians (RD) in cases where those meet coverage rules based on scientific evidence.
There is no way this is correct. You yourself say that specifically, 2 minutes is a myth, but give no reason that it should be 4+ minutes.
Or qadruple nozzle, as you need to do both for the anode and the cathode fluid.
Aren't they all anonymous, though? So they could just change their name for the next operation. Maybe all these groups are already the same people behind the scenes.
This is a perfect example of the road to hell being paved with good intentions. Cheap, fit for purpose tracking equipment has been available since the 90s and only become more capable.

These consumer grade air tag and tile devices are a practical way to track all your things, but allowing people to disable them or even alerting to their presence kind of defeats the purpose.
When I collect the nuts from around my property even leather mittens don't work. The spikes on them (both Chinese and American) are intense. I don't know how the squirrels can handle it, but they do (though they go after them after the nut has fully open and fallen to the ground. I imagine the spikes are the trees way of discouraging the rodents from taking them until they're fully ripe and fertile)
I'm still flabbergasted by the number of people I know who played DooM and played a lot of it and yet _never_ used the minimap.

And I'm someone with moderately decent spacial awareness in video games and real life, and maps are incredibly useful.
The imgur link is misleading because it's not per capita and doesn't show the 0 point.

Here is an accurate graph:

https://www.statista.com/chart/amp/31062/us-homicide-rate/

We are nowhere near the peak of the 1990's, nor are we at 1995 levels.

Rates trended downward in 2022, and mid-year 2023 estimates were downwards another 9.4% relative to 2022:

https://counciloncj.org/mid-year-2023-crime-trends/

Which would be back to pre-2020 levels.
I actually really enjoy that aspect of the game. It gives an extra layer of skill to the game, where you can outwit your opponent by quickly capturing back territory to restore the fog of war before they notice that they walked right by your general. But you don't know for sure that they missed it, so you're still on edge even if you're actually in the clear.

Having to keep track of where the enemy general was in the moment of crisis (as you scramble to get a larger army out there) is also honestly kind of fun.