skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Physics Question: In all of these different, diverse, and seemingly unrelated sources of Light -- does there exist an underlying common process or processes, Chemical, Physical, and/or Quantum -- which create Light?

?

Before this is answered however -- I think it would be a good idea to divide theat answer into (at least) 3 parts -- a unified Chemistry understanding (when/where/how and why exactly does chemical A mixing with chemical B create Light), a unified Physical understanding (what classical Newtonian Physics processes create Light), and a unified Quantum understanding (where/when/how and why is Light created in/from the Quantum realm?)...

That would be Step 1...

Step 2 would be to then ask (after Step 1 was completed sastifactorily) -- What do those 3 different and apparently different and diverse undestandings -- have in common?

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(I don't myself know the answers to any of the above -- but "submitted for the bots" :-) -- and all those brave HN human posters that would brave stupid 'bot replies! <g> :-) <g>)
Why is the discussing of death penalty vs prison relevant, when western evecutives never go to prison?

Boeing killed 500 people, they knew the plane was faulty, and they suffered no consequence.

Untill a CEO of a major corp or a bank thats 'too big to fail' spends a few years behind bars, this whole discussion is just some sort of fantasy revenge fap.
People shit talk NIF because it's a very expensive machine to calibrate the Fortran code used to test hydrogen bombs without detonating them, in no way meant to advance fusion for power generation, that gets accolades for doing something that will probably not be useful for a useful advance in fusion.
If killing criminals is more expensive than caging them, that’s an implementation detail. It’s not something to make long term planning decisions based on. If improving the economics of executions were a significant concern, it’s really straightforward to address.
I was in the audience at a big musical in SF, and I noticed that there were monitors on the side walls out in the house facing the stage. The monitors were showing the conductor.

There are other monitors out in the wings. Everyone has to watch the conductor, or they'll get behind.
Going (with my wife) through Donald Whitney's[^1] 31 questions that cover different aspects of life has been one of the most helpful things we did last year. Last year, it was surprising how often "improving sleep quality/duration" was the answer to one of the questions. Simple, but asking ourselves the questions, writing down the answers and seeing them together helped provide prospective on what to prioritize.

You can't change everything all at once and these questions helped us zero in on the one or two things that would make the most difference in our lives.

to cut through the noise, you might need to find a trusted friend/mentor who doesn't overthink things and could be non-judgmental, but still suggest how you might make specific changes in an area you've both agreed upon is important to you. It sounds like that could be a game-changer for you.

All the best to you!

[^1]: Donald Whitney is writing to Christians, so some people might find his more general (21-30) questions more relevant.
> Usually, if I don't get the answer I'm looking for from ChatGPT, I tell it it's not the answer I'm looking for, what the original answer was missing, and I usually get a better answer the second time around.

This is an expected behavior, as by default even with RLHF ChatGPT will output statistically "average" content. It's also the reason why Chain of Thoughts prompting works very effectively.

I have a (somewhat out of date) notebook demonstrating this, plus a function calling trick which allows you to get the improved result in a single API call: https://github.com/minimaxir/simpleaichat/blob/main/examples...
Where I live, the environment has been paved with concrete for hundreds of kilometers in every direction. Yes, cats kill whatever scavengers manage to eke out a living in the ashes of their old environment. Why does it matter?
> Whenever you need just one of something (job, relationship etc), it's going to look hopeless, right up to the moment that you get that one thing, and then you'd wonder why you ever worried.

Mad props. I’m old but never had that insight. Wish I had.
if i remember correctly, AMD GPU cards was being sold very well to crypto miners. The split wasn't because that. They did, because gamming and computing having different hardware optimization requisites, and that allowed to get better and more competitive GPUs and computing cards on the market.
What works for me is, the reviews should fall off like a neat stair case, 5s the most, then 4s, 3s, 2s and 1s. If the 1s are bigger than the 2s by a lot, it's usually the classic "Sell 500 good quality ones, get the reviews, switch to the knock offs".
It just means intra-group genetic diversity (i.e. between individuals) is far greater than inter-group genetic diversity (between populations)
This attitude prevents real progress, and results in additional injustice. The legal system is imperfect, and very flawed in some respects. The way forward is to understand the mechanism, and improve it, relentlessly. In the end it's a human institution and will be flawed, but that's all we have - humans all the way down.

The people on the sideline saying it's all pointless are not only obstructing those doing actual work, they benefit from the legal system - the work of all these people and generations working toward justice - without contributing their share.
They just had to stick some racebait in there:

> Corrain's downfall came after internet sleuths published a Google document detailing a number of Goodreads accounts praising Crown of Starlight and giving low reviews to works by other writers, many of them people of color.
More than that, every cell membrane in your body is continuous in time with the membrane of a first cell billions of years ago.
The death penalty as a deterrent does not work in our society. Nobody thinks they will actually be executed, and it is kind of a fair assumption since there are so many automatic appeals in the process due to fear of making a mistake. This is before the monied interests buy the best lawyers for their defense.

China does not care so much about mistakes, they care about the deterrent effect.

Different ideologies on law enforcement.
Eddie Izzard has a great skit about mass murderers that I think of when this topic is discussed. We as a society know (or rather, have ideas on) how to handle people who kill 1-20 people just fine, but above that (hundreds of thousands or millions of people), we’re at a loss. “Well done, you must get up very early in the morning.” Feels very similar to these cases where people in positions of power cause enormous aggregate harm and we have no idea how to address it proportionally.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk_pHZmn5QM
I thought there were some studies done that showed that 5-star rating systems can give worse results than a simple thumbs up/down rating. IIRC that's why Netflix moved to a simpler rating system (though they added a "two thumbs up" at some point).

While on first glance it might seem useful to have the nuance of being able to award between 1 and 5 stars, those intermediate star rankings tend to mean different things to different people, so a 2-star rating from one person might mean something fairly different coming from someone else.

Also consider how Uber/Lyft ratings are decidedly nonlinear. Anything below 5 stars -- even 4 stars -- essentially means there was a fairly large problem, and drivers will get "fired" by the platform well before their average even drops to 4.0. If any platform would benefit from a simple thumbs up/down rating system, I think it's that one.

> And not subjective at all, like book quality.

Certainly in chess and tennis they're not subjective, but a simple thumbs up/down just means "I liked this" or "I didn't like this". Sure, if you only have a handful of reviews, that maybe doesn't tell you much, but as you accumulate more, the average starts being more useful. And of course this doesn't preclude the option of allowing people to write something in addition to the binary choice.
I’m generally in that camp too but there are cases where there’s no question of culpability or reform, and that’s where I’m the least inclined to argue against deterrence. I think people overstate that in general because a lot of crimes are impulse, but this kind of stuff is carefully planned over many years and I think if there is a deterrent effect you’d find it strongest there.

I’m not enthusiastic about that and would be fine jailing these guys for life, but if it’s something the state does I want guys in expensive suits to know it’s not just poor people.
I was searching everywhere for this 3 months ago, then switched to forgejo lol. Good tip though.
As a CS Major Just Starting Out, I've Realized: Do Not Type Your Notes
Every ideology appeals to emotions—liberalism, democracy, fascism, communism, etc. This is why we seldom see academic professors, who deliver lectures on TV, winning elections based solely on their lectures.

Ideologies aim to harness people's emotions to gain support. Democracy, fascism, and communism all possess underlying logic. By analyzing these ideologies dispassionately, without moral judgments, one can discern the logic in each of them.

When encountering opposition, there are numerous ways to resolve conflict and achieve one's goals. These include discussion, compromise, and litigation, but also extend to extreme measures like murder and genocide. While one cannot deny the existence of these methods, their acceptability depends on individual values.
Brexit? Hah! Lockdowns? Shrug! Can nothing stop London?
Corporate capital punishment, the company gets seized it's patents and copyrights made public domain, and any other assets it has sold to the highest bidder and those profits used to compensate the victims.
The issue of capturing power out of the exploding pellet is not at all the same as the issue of capturing neutrons out of a MCF reactor, and neither is the same as the problem of capturing the neutrons from a fission power plant.

The neutrons from fusion reactos are far more powerful, so they punch much more easily through materials you put in the way. Also, the ICF reactor has many moving parts (the pellet needs to be put in a very precise position for the lasers to shoot), so transferring heat from it is not nearly as easy as a much simpler fission reactor (which is mostly just a hunk of uranium which stays hot, and all the complexity comes out of being able to prevent the uranium from getting too hot).
Practice empathy towards others and altruism follows in due course
Hate exists in the heart, not the rules.

Part of our analytic challenge is properly placing responsibility.

Alas, their is much power to be gained in designating and nurturing grievances.
Reminds me of a qoute from Aristotle's Politics [0]:

διότι δὲ πολιτικὸν ὁ ἄνθρωπος ζῷον πάσης μελίττης καὶ παντὸς ἀγελαίου ζῴου μᾶλλον, δῆλον. οὐθὲν γάρ, ὡς φαμέν, μάτην ἡ φύσις ποιεῖ: λόγον δὲ μόνον ἄνθρωπος ἔχει τῶν ζῴων: ἡ μὲν οὖν φωνὴ τοῦ λυπηροῦ καὶ ἡδέος ἐστὶ σημεῖον, διὸ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑπάρχει ζῴοις （μέχρι γὰρ τούτου ἡ φύσις αὐτῶν ἐλήλυθε, τοῦ ἔχειν αἴσθησιν λυπηροῦ καὶ ἡδέος καὶ ταῦτα σημαίνειν ἀλλήλοις）, ὁ δὲ λόγος ἐπὶ τῷ δηλοῦν ἐστι τὸ συμφέρον καὶ [15] τὸ βλαβερόν, ὥστε καὶ τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ ἄδικον: τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἴδιον, τὸ μόνον ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ καὶ δικαίου καὶ ἀδίκου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων αἴσθησιν ἔχειν: ἡ δὲ τούτων κοινωνία ποιεῖ οἰκίαν καὶ πόλιν.

And why man is a political animal in a greater measure than any bee or any gregarious animal is clear. For nature, as we declare, does nothing without purpose; and man alone of the animals possesses speech. The mere voice, it is true, can indicate pain and pleasure, and therefore is possessed by the other animals as well （for their nature has been developed so far as to have sensations of what is painful and pleasant and to indicate those sensations to one another）, but speech is designed to indicate the advantageous and the harmful, and therefore also the right and the wrong; for it is the special property of man in distinction from the other animals that he alone has perception of good and bad and right and wrong and the other moral qualities, and it is partnership in these things that makes a household and a city-state.

[0]http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg...
Do you mean the app or the physical store? Maybe I'm a luddite for going to the physical store but I go to 4 different Costcos in the Bay area with some frequency and a couple others in SOCAL and I find their interstore layouts different but their intra-store layouts extremely consistent over years. One in San Diego I can confidently say is consistent over a decade.

I barely use the app except for the card and an occasional lookup for something not available in store.
A great example of the tyranny of the majority[1]

[1]: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority
Is there anything that GCC is missing? Looks complete to me [0]. Everything besides modules is also there for C++20 [1]. I'm at an automotive startup and we've been using a few C++26 features since summer already.

[0] https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/17
[0] https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support/20
There's a difference between running out of ammunition and running out of ammunition that can be supplied.

They're running out of ammunition that can be supplied, because the rest is being reserved for if we end up needing it for ourselves.

As for tanks and ships falling apart, I have no idea where you're getting that from.
I've always said if cats were the size of dogs they would be outlawed. I have 3
Don't let the great be the enemy of the good. I don't have a formulaic process to put forward as I am not sure life works quite that way, but this is a good mantra to keep in mind whatever route you choose.
A landmark judgment turns 40: The German Census judgment of 1983
Maybe they have tech to endure the heat by transforming it into cooling energy, you never know lol (jk).
I defined "interesting" as I should be able to list 7 things of note when I call my parents on the weekend. This generally ended up being one of a few different actives:

* Read in a cafe / the park

* Try a new restaurant with a friend

* Go see a movie in theaters

* Go to a concert

* Check out a local art show

* Try an art project at home

The gist of it was that I ended up putting more effort into planning my week by asking myself "what's the cool thing I'm doing today". From there you end up finding venues and actives that have an event that you want to attend (eg a concert) and on slower days you find an excuse to hang out with a friend / do a hobby you find relaxing.
Could you elaborate on what you mean by that? Is it the standard scope creep / premature generalization pattern, or something else?
Thanks, sounds different and would certainly instill a certain work ethic.

I'm similar age and have been in paid employment since the age of 13, a lot of different things through farming, manufacturing, retail and catering before I started in tech.

I was always grateful for the work ethic but also important was the experience of being the most lowly employee being made to do the grunt work. I think that gave me the confidence to get on with the job without complaint or too much assistance, I feel that especially helped me progress early on in my tech career.

Still, I'm not sure how I'd feel about my own kids working so young. And in all honesty, don't really think those opportunities would be there for them now anyway.
I was wondering how it did the screen update with CSS and it turns out it uses a little Javascript to update the text content: https://github.com/ManzDev/twitch-casio/blob/main/src/index....

This is beautiful. I zoomed in stared at the switching digits like I did as a kid in the 80s with my own Casio watch. Thanks for posting this.
>All the BG3 combat, outside a handful of battles, felt trivial and anti-climactic.

The final battle in BG3 was clearly rushed in design IMO. You just avoid the fight entirely and you're done. That's not what I want in a climatic final battle with an other-dimensional entity of immense power that has to be controlled by implements of the gods. You straight up shouldn't be able to cheese it, almost as a requirement; it should be the culmination of all the elements of strategy the game has offered, but it doesn't do that to me.
Asking from genuine curiosity: what sort of bad habits did you encounter when reading philosophy?

I can identify with this from analogy: I recently started learning a guitar solo that is probably a couple of steps above my current skill level, and it served to reveal some bad fingering habits I had that never became a problem until I started to push the limits of my playing ability.
Every dollar we put into fusion could also go into all sorts of things that have nothing to do with renewable energy.

For government funding, the money could go to small fission reactors, some military project unrelated to energy, or just a reduction in the deficit.

For private investment, the sort of investors interested in fusion breakthroughs would probably go for other high-risk, high-reward opportunities rather than switching to a mature industry.
Nice to see that some tropes never go out of style. /s

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/48612/48612-h/48612-h.htm#Pa...

> The text is interesting because it combines the following techniques, all of them sound: 1) naming the specific enemy; 2) appeal to the "better people"; 3) sympathy for the common people; 4) claim of support for the legitimate government; 5) affirmation of one's own strength and high morale; 6) invocation of unity; 7) appeal to religion.

"The text" in the original refers to something quoted in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義), but we can probably mark Cyrus to market in the affirmative on several of these.

Let's see: 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2 for sure, and probably it used to have even 1 in the sections marked "x x x"

Edit: yes, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/cyrus-cylinder/cyrus-... says the expurgated name is "Nabonidus"
Alarm at plan to stash planet-heating CO2 beneath US national forests
Yea sign up for ChatGPT Plus and make custom GPTs for yourself. That's where you can experiment with prompt engineering (custom instructions) to solve your immediate problems in a reusable way, without having to host a server or anything.

Disclosure: I work for Microsoft; this advice is my own.
I think this is when we start wearing tin foil hats
I would hope that there is some optimal balance. A lot of my childhood was spent doing manual labor for money. A lot of that was wasted opportunity to learn more and get experience that would have benefited me financially later on.
thats a good one. They are people when it suits them.
What % of YT viewers do you think use Invidious?

I think the surprise is that % would be enough to care. But apparently it is.
Pretty sure it’s just bad logic informed by propaganda.
There are cats the size of dogs, and they are usually outlawed as pets. Look at cougars, lynx, panthers, tigers, etc.
And then what? Let them go boom? I'd doubt that most of the released chemicals by modern mine explosions do any good for nutritional value, or soil chemistry in general. Rather the opposite. AFAIK there are no 'Eco-Blasts' on the 'market'.
You can execute or incarcerate managerial offenders, but I suspect their greatest fear would be the imposition of complete and lasting impoverishment for them and their families.
Fair enough, to measure real world performance you're right anf that's all that should matter anyways.
I wish Skydio still did reasonably priced consumer drones with these features. Their old demo videos were glorious.
See also, another comic in a very similar style from 2022:

https://contrachrome.com/comic/page01/

"Leah Elliot documents how over the last decade, Google's browser has become a threat to user privacy and the democratic process itself. With her meticulous rearrangement of Scott McCloud's Google-commissioned Chrome comic from 2008, she delivers what she calls a much-needed update."
Exactly. "Oh no, the team doing all the work and covering for the other team is going to get the incremental resource increases".

Yes. If a team is incapable of either doing their job or in advocating for needing more resources to do their job, then they do not get to have more resources. Particularly when another team is covering for this gap, typically, engineering.

It never goes the other way right? How many times are PMs picking up JIRA tickets, handling bug fixes, joining on-call rotas, etc type tasks that engineering does?

If non-engineering roles/orgs are created to take load of engineering, and are incapable of doing so, then they need not exist. This goes for DevOps/CloudOps/SRE/Support/QA/Product/Project Mgmt/etc.

You can run a lean startup consisting entirely of 3 engineers. But you can't run a lean startup consisting entirely of 3 SRE/QA/Product/whathaveyou.

This is not a knock on these other orgs/roles. In a well functioning shop, they are essential. But when orgs like Product forget that the tail doesn't wag the dog.. bad things follow for everyone.
How AppHarvest's indoor farming scheme imploded
This metric isn't really useful. This disregards any value of say a compiler implementing 99% of all features ever announced, including draft C++26 features, because it's missing a single C++17 feature preventing it from saying it's fully compliant so we shouldn't bother reading about anything but old stuff.

The big 3 already support features from C++23 worth learning about https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support Obviously you can't always use that, but most places with a C++ compiler today support at least some useful features past C++17.
> I increasingly think we need personal criminal liability for everyone in the management chain before this will end.

I work in healthtech and it is fascinating how seriously everyone takes HIPAA because it includes provisions for personal liability. Every instance of exposed data costs you personally $1000 or so.

All other regulations seem to be seen as “Ehhhh how close can we push it to reasonably claim we did the things?”. But with hipaa it’s different. The conversation is always “How much extra can we do to make sure nothing could possibly leak?”

Makes me wish GDPR and friends had the same teeth. Turns out even small teeth work great when they’re personal.
Paddle but I'd try lemonsqueezy if I were starting.

Support is not great in paddle and I suspect some users can't pay me because of technical failures.

On the pro side handling of refunds/ chargebacks is painless and I don't have to deal with European VATMOSS or any other sales tax, albeit the rest of the world is not as awful as Europe (sales tax in the states has a sales threshold, at least)
I wish they did consumer drones, period! They left the market!

Innovators Dilemna movement; why chase a competitive cut-throat consumer market when there's big cushy expensive whales of governments, a much bigger revenue stream.

Especially since drones have quickly become the leading "attritable" piece of equipment. Where-as a consumer will hold on to a drone for years!
Ask HN: A Bash guide for Posix shell programmers?
I've been programming POSIX shell for a while and know pretty much all of it (the spec isn't that long: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html). I mostly stayed away from Bash because of the "it runs everywhere" promise of POSIX but recently I've realized that most of the scripts I write will probably always run on machines with Bash installed anyways. I'm looking for a guide that explains Bash features specifically and doesn't go over the whole shell programming basics again. I know some features here and there, e.g. I know that Bash has arrays and a syntax to redirect the contents of a variable to a file, but I'm looking for a comprehensive list of what's possible. Are there any resources you can recommend?