skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I don't think you need leaked documents to put this together. The story doesn't inform about anything really.

Musk was clear from the beginning but how he wants Twitter to be different. It was obvious that it would have to involve reduction or elimination of moderation powers and that as a result certain accounts would not be deleted out otherwise would be. In fact he reinstated certain accounts that had been banned.
I might verging on socialism here, but I think the best way to motivate employees is ownership of the company and direct profit sharing.

Unfortunately, only the first part is practiced in my organization (company shares), but I am actively fighting for the second.
Fission bombs can be tested with subcritical explosions. You have a plutonium core (a sphere the size of a grapefruit) and surround it with high explosives. Not as many as for an actual detonation. You blow them up, create the implosion, and trigger a subcritical fission reaction, or one that is very slightly supercritical. You then take lots of measurements (temperature increase, X and gamma rays, neutrons, etc) and see if they align with your theoretical models. If they do, you have extremely high confidence that the bomb will work as designed.

Now, virtually all nukes in the US arsenal have a fusion bomb stage too. The way that works in practice is this: you first detonate the fission component of the bomb, and that produces a huge amount of X-rays. It's so huge that the wavefront of the X-rays behaves like a solid hammer. That's what produces the compression for the secondary. This design is called the Teller-Ulam design, and it is extremely likely that it was discovered only once (by Ulam and Teller), all other thermonuclear bombs are just the result of successful spying and secret sharing.

This X-ray hammer can't be very easily tested. That's what these guys are doing.

Now, you may wonder if Putin's guys are doing an equally good job at testing their thermonuclear bombs. We don't know, but it doesn't make a difference: the fission part of the bombs is powerful enough to create utter devastation. The fusion part adds some extra punch, but it doesn't change the scale of devastation. And the CIA is highly confident that Russia is properly testing the fission bombs, even undergoing what is called "hydronuclear" tests, which, although not formally banned, other countries don't do.
Point in general is that the workload is massively reduced no matter what. You no longer need teams of people manipulating Illustrator files. It's just a single artist fine tuning a generated image.
> Why does being less powerful justify somebodies actions?

No one said justify so this is irrelevant.

Some organization does bad things and one possible solution might be to do a good thing. The pragmatic thing is then to try to do that good thing. The ideological and nonsensical response is to not do it because that would be to do a good thing that someone bad told you to do.

> When Marx said, for instance, that the Proletariat would establish a dictatorship, he didn't think they were less powerful than the Capitalists, just that they didn't realize how powerful they were: for Marx, it was always a question of power. And its the powerful who rule.

Irrelevant comparison.
Possible but it's behavior when asked this question appears consistent and it coincides with an anecdotal reporting of increased performance and the Jimmy Apples "leak" reporting December 14th as the release date for this exact model, "gpt-4.5-turbo"
If you agree then I don’t understand why you are responding to this out of nowhere.
Can somebody explain, what exactly is "ignition"? If even a single helium atom is fused you have "more energy than you have put into it". That does not seem impressive.
I think the heart vs mind is not really a good metaphor. Hate is something of the heart too. It’s not something of the (logical) mind. If everyone was very logical, I doubt Hitler would have gotten this big. He literally spoke to the heart of the people, with passion, not reason.
Announcing Amazon Aurora Limitless Database
FYI, "hate" means anything the author of the article disagrees with.

Before Elon Musk took over Twitter, the anti-white bias was well documented. If you posted "I hate white people," that was OK. If you posted "I hate black people," that violated the rules.

Now the rules are less biased, though there is still an anti-white-straight-Christian-conservative-male bias.
A few other bases that are interesting:

Base36: 0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Good encoding for binary data in textual contexts. Such as where you have parameter inputs or database fields that are constrained and only accept certain characters. The lack of spaces means that it can be used on the command-line easily. Example use: IRC channel names.

Base64: 0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Same as above but it adds lower-case alphabet characters. This is important because as you restrict the number of characters allowed in a byte: the length of the string goes up massively. With more characters the coding is more efficient. Example use: YouTube video ids.

Base92: "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz~!@#$%^&*()_+{}\"<>?`-=[];',./|"

Base92 is every character you can make on a standard key-board (I've replaced space with pipe here.) It includes many characters that have special meanings on the command-line or may be used as delimiters in text-based protocols. So while this offers a more 'efficient' encoding scheme for binary data it may break in some contexts. It's best where the input allows for typical formatting. Example use: forum / chat messages.

BaseN encoding schemes are interesting because they allow you to use standard text-fields in many systems to store binary data. The most well-known here is base64 which allows browsers to embed whole files as text and store them directly in the HTML. Some sites use these for optimization hacks.
Ironically, BSD was already available when GNU was created. Since that is what macOS uses, I guess the question could be “why didn’t everybody just use BSD”?
Except for the first two centuries after that was written the Supreme Court didn't interpret that section to mean anything goes. In particular, in 1939 it upheld a federal ban on sawed-off shotguns (United States v. Miller). It was not until 2008 when in District of Columbia v. Heller they said the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia.

So it's not so clean cut as you'd think.
I wish playing with third-party "proxy" cards were more accepted (like https://mtg-print.com/set/fallout or https://proxyking.biz/), where you can get any card custom-printed for a dollar or so. Maybe I just have to find a group where nobody cares about collecting.

If WotC did that first-party, I'd buy a shit ton from them even if they had zero resale value. But I guess that would eat into their collectibles and gacha pack market.
What is inherently wrong with co-branded product? Do you have any data to back up "exiting players"? I don't think we really have a good read on that. The MagicCons I've been to have been increasingly packed with people.
There's no regulation holding them back. They can do whatever they want.

What regulation can possibly be in the way?
Oh man it was super-disappointing and the end of my willingness to buy WoTC 5E. You'd be better off with the originals from DriveThru.
> While it’s not the first technology to be able to translate brain signals into language, it’s the only one so far to require neither brain implants nor access to a full-on MRI machine.

I wonder whether, in a decade or two, if the sensor technology has gotten good enough that they don't even need you to wear a cap, just there'll be people saying "obviously you don't have any reasonable expectation of not having your thoughts read in a public space, don't be ridiculous". What I mean is, we just tend to normalize surveillance technology, and I wonder if there's any practical limit to how far that can go.
Honestly, I'd like to see some science on the bracket design.

My card (an ASRock 6900XT, 332mm, 1.78kg per reviews) came with a bracket that's a modestly beefy-looking piece of steel, but it just bolts into two or three more thumbscrew sockets, and the actual contact-point with the card is a glued on rubber bumper that's like 2mm x 15mm and a rubber bumper, so there's opportunity for it to bend or not align with the card well, and the bumper gets unglued, and it blocks all your slots.

I ended up getting the type of bracket that's a rod with a little magnetic foot to anchor it to the bottom of the case, and then another foot that the card rests on. Again, this is dependent on how tightly the thumbscrew holds the top foot in place, but hopefully the downward force from the card is being projected straight down the bracket.

The right answer is probably to reintroduce flat-mount 'desktop style' cases. There was zero sag risk when I had the build in a CoolerMaster HAF-XB, but it was a bit shallow for a card that big - you couldn't get the card out without disassembling everything and lifting at odd angles while applying enough force to rip the clip off the end of the PCI-E slot.

Alternatively, if we could get some collaboration in the industry, they could agree on a standard "max length". I note there are some documents suggesting the maximum length for an ISA or PCI card used to be ~338mm. In that scenario, the cases can be designed with an explicit assumption there will be a 338mm card installed, and there are little support rails at the front to engage a card of about 338mm long. These could help bear the load and ensure the card remained aligned.

Ancient PCs had this-- I can recall opening an old Compaq 286 and seeing it stuffed full of "full length" cards neatly fitting into rails in the case. Back then, the cases were desktop and the cards were light, so the rails were more for management and neatness, but there's no reason they couldn't carry weight in a modern revision.

I think I've also seen it with some weird OEM builds more recently-- they'll add a metal or plastic shim to the front of a long card so it matches up with rails in the one case it was designed to fit into.
The point is that the fusion reaction has produced 2x the power that the laser fed into it. So a 100% efficient laser (which is not physically possible) that injected 2MJ of power into the pellet would mean a net 4MJ of generated fusion energy. Then, you need some way to turn that energy into electricity, for which no realistic design exists in the case of ICF, so you'll lose more power.
My impression is that the interest Twitter is paying on the billions in loans Elon took out to buy it completely eclipses their revenue.

(The revenue story isn't helped by the fact that Elon literally told his advertisers to GFY.)
It is also for keeping man from misery ..
A global biodiversity tipping point as first marine fish extinction declared
Because people are re-architecting their databases around cloud object storage, the new hotness is to try and get all your persistence there, with on-box just as a cache. This lets you offload all of the hard parts of persistence onto the AWS team.
Good for Elon, at least he has the courage to stand by his beliefs and ideals enough to actually try allowing as much free speech as possible.

We'll see how well it works out long term. My personal experience with Twitter hasn't changed significantly since Elon took over.

I think rather than having opaque moderation, Community Notes / Birdwatch does a much better job at calling out bad posts. Rather than trying to sweep bad content under the rug, we confront it and call out any inaccuracies. The real power of Community Notes is that anyone can get called out. Even Elon's own posts have gotten Community Notes a couple times.
OK, good to know, and I suppose not surprising since this is after all never-been-done-before research as well as engineering.

I guess the big question is how have they been progressing since, say, 2014? Are they making obvious progress and overcoming potential problems, or are new issues being identified as fast as others are being resolved ?

The design itself does seem promising, certainly more so than Tomahawk designs. I remember excitedly following the UK's JET (Joint European Torus) project when in high school in the late 1970's and here we are with ITER still sucking money and not appearing much closer than we were back then!
Whoops, dropped some zeroes. It'd be on the order of 800-900 launches.
Yes, imagine the glorious future of politicians who have no thoughts beyond the repeatedly coached answers to various talking points.
Show HN: FlashFlashCards- create Anki flashcards from screenshots
I was told the reason the LDS/Mormons have a bunch of ancestry websites is so they can perform baptisms for those who have died, anyone happened to know if that is accurate?
Here Document
As noted in my other reply (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38604877), this link doesn't actually support the strong claims made: "California requires", "with name and PII", "for 10 years", & that you "cannot request for this to be deleted or destroyed by law".

Those all seem to be misinformation without support from, and even in contradiction of, public/authoritative references
– despite the assertion that these are a matter of "law".
> Nowadays, unless you're religious, marriage is essentially just a socioeconomic winner trophy.

That is unnecessarily cynical. Civil marriage provides several conveniences for the participants: it establishes a default common property structure (so there are no tax consequences for pooling earnings or for who pays the bills each month, or common ownership of assets, especially useful in the case where one dies); if one is injured or sick the other has the authority to sign hospital paperwork etc; handling the legal mechanics of kids (from picking them up from school to paying fees etc) and so on. It also provides some hysteresis in a long term relationship (which will always have disagreements), again especially useful in the case of kids.

Sure, this is a bloodless justification, but is t that the domain of civil law? Yes, you could laboriously set those things up individually if you want, but the bundle is more convenient and takes care of things ahead of time.

And it’s voluntary. If you don’t want a marriage, don’t have one.
The mission of NIF is and has always been to subvert the test ban treaties. It is written down in the original proposal, which are available on the web from the agency. NIF has no civilian energy applications, and will never have any.
I'm glad you've found fulfilling places to work, but I think you might have a bit of survivorship-bias.
> Yeah I can imagine law enforcement and employers are going to love this.

They will hate it, lies always benefits those with power more than those without since when the police lies against you then there isn't much you could do before, now you could demand they get their thoughts read.
Certainly a cool achievement and something to be proud of. Maybe even a very important step towards real usable fusion power plants.

But:

> The facility’s laser system is enormously inefficient, and more than 99% of the energy that goes into a single ignition attempt is lost before it can reach the target.

So it's still two orders of magnitude off hitting break even. And that's without a suitable device to actually capture the released energy and it does not account for pellet production. For all we know, it might very well be three orders of magnitude away from a real powerplant.

That being said, making more efficient lasers and working on capturing energy might be more fruitful than trying to improve a Tokamak design. So it's good to have options.
And they don't have any mechanism to capture the generated energy and convert it to electricity.
EndeavourOS seems to be embracing Systemd fairly enthusiastically.

Not an immutable distro though.
Can you say how your tool compares to Vector PC-Lint in terms of analyzing compliance w/r/t MISRA C and C++?
Seconding this, as a layman I've found his books both technical and fascinating. He's a great teacher, getting into the details but explaining in a really engaging manner.
> if it fails, you get to keep your current position and compensation

Sounds driven by fear of loss

Human emotions do not have an infinite range unlike our human languages.

Economic stability or the loss of is a primary driver of productivity in our society
A system that lets minor inefficiencies endlessly accumulate, because the activation energy to address them is too high, is rotten. As for picking up hundred dollar bills, Congress isn’t solving big problems either.
Apple announces new 'contingent pricing' feature for App Store subscriptions
> and the work that keeps the lights on is often not work that even invested software developers want to prioritize.

What kind of work is that? And why are the developers willingly not wanting to prioritize it, if the alternative of not doing it is becoming jobless? Do we need some kind of PM figure to say things like: "If we don't make this feature for the client, we are doomed, so start coding. Chop chop!". And do we need to keep that guy on the payroll for simply relaying a message?
>Base64: 0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

This is only 62 characters!
Hey Piotr/pchm, I'm not sure I follow your argument that Base32 is less popular because it's not a standard (there is a standard - RFC4648 as you mention).

Not implementing the RFC, is not implementing Base32, changing the order, or using 32 emoji does not make it Base32. Put another way, you can change the order of characters in Base64, or use a different dictionary, and indeed there are several variants of that too (BinHex4, Uuencoding, Base64Url, B64) - there are specific implementation detail concerns there too.

Base64 won out as a reasonably dense way to encode binary data in 7-bit safe ASCII for use in email, and later http headers (where spacing and line length may be modified in transit, and some ASCII characters are prohibited - eg 0x00/null). Part of the reason is; bit-grouping makes encode/decode simpler (you can use bit shifting). Something like ASCII85/Base85 which is a more dense encoding, and close to the maximum you can get in 7 bit safe ASCII (94 characters 33-126 if space is important, 95 if space quantity can be preserved) but you have to use multiply/divide instructions. The union of bit-shift speed (power of 2) and 7-bit safe ASCII characters (max 94 values) is: binary, base4, octal, hexadecimal, base32, and base64.

For human readability, especially verbal communication, hexadecimal or base32 are advantageous in that they are more dense than decimal, can be generated via bit-shifting vs more complex processor instructions, but you needn't also communicate the character's case (unlike Base64).
This advice is wrong on so many levels. What gets you promoted is being aligned with your leadership and being easy going. You'll get bonus points if your skip level likes you - it usually makes promotions come quicker. Aside from my time at Google, where technical leadership was valued - being the "go-to" person usually gets you more work for the same pay as others in your level. In fact, the "go-to" person on my current team was taken for a ride, exploited for multiple years, and then sacked in a round of layoffs because he became "difficult" (which he had every right to be for his treatment). My advice to young folks would be to join teams with a history of promotion (very important to ask during interviews) and a low turn over rate.
A lot has to happen before you can break ground building a nuclear power plant. Pure construction time is not a good measure.
A theory I saw is divorce ban is to prevent women from switching husband.

And thus give men a reason to actually marry and have a life within women rules.

When divorce is too easy, then men avoid marriage and focus on random sex, since they aren't the ones that suffer the most if a random child happen.
This is one of the first times I've seen someone who has casual access to Kubernetes.

They spent a lot of the post saying how they didn't really want to run stuff,

> However, I’m a software developer, not a sysadmin. I want to spend my time developing software, not putting out fires and paying AWS bills for the rest of time.

But then their friend convinced them to "kubectl apply" a couple of manifests & they got a bunch of stuff spin up quickly, on what should be a reliable-ish maintained-by-other-people cluster. This is the first time I've seen a win like this & it feels like such a sweet spot!
YMMV. I have a sneaking suspicion that eg, Nagarle, Karnataka[0] wasn't issuing written birth certificates in the 1910s

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagarle
Given that LLMs can learn to translate between languages based on just having lots of related tokens without any explanations I'd bet they could translate those thoughts to words even if the person doesn't think of them as words.

Would probably take more to get data from such people though. From people with an inner monologue you could just make them read text, record that, and then you can follow their inner monologues.
While interesting, I clicked on the link hoping it would be about trains.

Points out a good thing about HN: its community isn’t single-area focused like, say, a subreddit.
Grammarians have been puzzling over this text for many years.

It would help if someone could find another phrase in the Bill of Rights that refers to, or even alludes to, the primacy of the rights of the state (whether "Congress" or a collective state-sanctioned "militia") over those of the citizenry.

There don't seem to be any such phrases, which lends a lot of credence to those who argue that the preface to the Second Amendment is just that -- prefatory, with no functional or prescriptive aspect whatsoever. The Bill of Rights is simply the wrong place to look for rules that grant, rather than restrict, governmental authority.
No, you have more energy than two separate helium atoms.

You haven't counted the energy required to make them fuse in the first place.
this may help: https://lasers.llnl.gov/science/ignition
To replace coal at its thermal plant: by using extra capacity to split water at the substation, could efficient gas storage keep the thermal plant useful?
As a hypothetical, sure, I can see how that makes sense. However, verified purchaser reviews have been a helpful reality for the better part of a decade or so, across different media and vendors: games, physical goods, Amazon books, electronics, etc.

Even though it's an imperfect barrier to review quality, at least it is a barrier versus none, and time and time again retailers who've experimented with it have found it a useful signal.

Yes, you'll lose out on the borrowers who fell in love with a title, but they can always spend the $20 to buy that book to review it if they really want to (I've done that for things I loved, just to leave a review). But even if they don't, it's still usually a net win: you lose not just the honest reviewers but the 100x spam that outnumber them.

When shopping for low-cost products these days, it's not the individual review that matters anymore, just the aggregate ratings. So it doesn't really matter if a few borrowers don't get to leave their rating, it's still more useful for buyers to cut out the spam.

----------

Maybe a simple compromise is to just allow filtering (and adjust the rating) by "verified purchasers only", so you can see both the unfiltered and filtered scores. I'd just leave out the unverified ones altogether, myself, but others could see the raw scores and reviews if they wanted to.
They can't really coexist for financial reasons.
Original here: https://stoney.monster/@stoneymonster/111592567052438463