skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> There's plenty of expensive, major open source projects that seem to have figured this out

Like? Red Hat are the only one, and they sell very special software. I can't think of any other ones that are successful as a fully open source project that also has a sustainable profitable business build on top of it.
> Anyone that used it or wrote code for it hated it.

I didn't! Used Coherent 3.0.0 and all later versions and wrote quite a few programs for it and ported many more. UUCP packages, news readers, wrote my own CU clone, my own mail client, etc. It was a real Unix system for $99 and fit easily on a 20MB ST-225 hard disk with plenty of space for your own stuff. I loved Coherent.

Maybe in commercial software development things look different, but for me as a hobbyist it was a dream coming true.
I'll include the mandatory ianal, but they could even ask people to indemnify them, or put up a banner saying: you must be in the US, blah-blah. But they're straight up saying: don't care about your laws. That seems untenable.
Probably the state of video drivers.
I second this. For some type of applications, the 4 model can quickly ramp up costs, especially with large contexts and 3.5 often does the job just fine.

So for many applications it's the real competitor.
> But 0 civilian casualty is impossible to achieve.

No it isn't. It might be impossible to achieve Israel's goals without any civilian casualties but those goals are not a given. Not doing anything would have caused less total suffering than Israel's current strategy.
Related, there's no evidence that people behave more ethically after taking a course in ethics. But the education system has one hammer, teaching courses about subjects, so every problem looks like a nail. They want their students to behave ethically so for school systems there can be only one solution; they teach ethics courses.

It's likely that the true ethical education children receive is observing the behavior of people in their family and community from a very young age to learn what is or isn't acceptable. Schools can't do much about that, and if anything most modern schools are harmful in this regard because they generally award petty cheating and excuse spinning. And so too do schools teach the wrong approach to critical thinking and cognitive biases. Schools reward students for conforming to what their teachers say and give students trouble when they think on their own. This is particularly true during the youngest grades. Some high-concept courses about critical thinking in highschool won't undo the damage; by that time students already learned to either conform with authority or become equally unthinking reflexively contrarian rebels.
> The shareware relase of Doom had four months of development

This is incorrect. Doom took a year.

This was literally in the first answer Carmack gives on the Twitch stream yesterday - https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QvAkaJsvAXs&t=493
I don't know, he was expropriated like 15 years before I went to Israel. The justifications to relocate the maternity/orphanage/school is that the land would be used for other social services, the orphanage part wasn't really used anymore, and charity work would be more useful outside of Jerusalem city.

I don't have any experience. I trust the Mossad to resist political pressure (the fact that their Qatar meeting to secure funds for Hamas in 2021 leaked the day after to me is the last data point). I don't trust the IDF generals to do the same sadly. But I do trust that some IDF members will try to do the right thing, and will take initiatives to limit civilian casualties. I think the pressure from IDF soldiers towards their likud-supported generals was high and that's why the last two weeks, less war crimes were reported on: a lot less were happening. I do think the Likud did not change since '95, and that their less intelligent supporters are all as manipulated as Yigal Amir was, only now, they are snipers, drone pilots and even generals.
Too bad GPT3.5 Turbo is dirt cheap. Open source models are substantially more expensive when you factor in operating costs. There is no mature ecosystem where you can just plug in a model and spin up a robust infrastructure to run a local LLM at scale, aka you need infrastructure/ML engineers to do it, aka extremely expensive unless you are using LLMs at extremely large scales.
Tohands – Smart calculator for small businesses
Syncs with their phone app, to keep a track of bills and expenses. Based on the Espressif ESP32. Quite handy for small shop owners who can't have a full-blown computer+screen cash register.

Disclaimer: I am working as a freelancer for their next version of hardware that will be based on Linux.
That's the most absurd thing I've ever heard. How do you kill a political movement? After all this slaughter, there'll be thousands more terrorists willing to fight the occupying force that's killed their parents and children.
> Do the conditions of being in orbit have any sort of preservation effect?

There's no reason to suspect they would. Even so, it is unlikely we could ever take advantage of this in any meaningful or efficient way.

> Do the microbes that help break it down exist?

Almost certainly. They're in excrement and the astronauts are allowed to bring some personal effects on board. Speaking of excrement, on Apollo, they didn't have an advanced toilet, so they just used bags. Apparently, they were instructed to seal the bag after adding an antibacterial agent, for fear of them eventually inflating from decomposition products and then popping.

Also.. quick search shows that ISS astronauts after 6 months to a year have _more_ bacteria on their skin and _might_ be why astronauts experience higher levels of inflammation in general.

Finally, let me drop my favorite ISS fact here, if you're doing work outside the ISS that requires turning a wrench, you must turn it _very_ slowly, less than 1 full turn per minute, because the low gravity environment means the ISS as a whole weighs next to nothing and vibrational modes from wrenching can setup very easily. This fact is specifically flagged in several spacewalk manuals.
Forgejo is great and has a lot of exciting development going on in the community. The https://forgefriends.org/ community is working on bringing federation into Forgejo via the F3 specification which I find particularly cool. I'm hoping to bring federated features into Ayllu as well once the project matures.
I think the problem stayed in the same place and Idaho and Montana moved? :-)
Docker actually worsens this. The default installation of docker makes no effort to prevent host root access from a container. Root in container is root in host
Your "just in case the software is exposed to the web" should be "exposed to untrusted data." The very old Python hash could be DoS'ed reading a data file. The original randomized version required some feedback to figure out the hash, so generally required some sort of interaction.

I find that hard to believe that's a performance bottleneck. String hashes are all cached, and names like "print" are interned.

For a 2x overall gain I would expect to see the hash function pop up easily in my profiling, but I haven't seen it in my own profiling which was looking for simple things like that.

When siphash was evaluated, quoting https://peps.python.org/pep-0456/#performance , "In general the PEP 456 code with SipHash24 is about as fast as the old code with FNV" and "The summarized total runtime of the benchmark is within 1% of the runtime of an unmodified Python 3.4 binary".

Since then they switched from siphash24 to the faster siphash13. https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/28752
This is Owen, we are a cool team. And we want to build a great tool.
One line of the article stood out for me: "College admissions officers value calculus, almost as a proxy for intelligence." I think what lack of Calculus signals is more lack of facility with Mathematics generally.

When I speak with students who have weak (or missing) Calculus backgrounds, I usually find that they are uncomfortable with something much more basic: they simply do not understand what it means to use a symbol for a quantity. Not understanding that, they don't see how manipulating symbols (e.g. subtracting something from both sides of an equation to move a term to the other side) makes any sense. It's as though they had a mental block on the day when a teacher said "let x be the unknown". They usually bluffed their way through that class, and the next and the next, as they proceeded through middle school. But they never really got their heads around the ideas. And this, not intelligence, is the problem with their later success in STEM fields.

Helping such students is a real challenge. It's a matter of establishing a connection and a trust that will let you probe back into their past until you find the place where the problem arose. This is like psychotherapy. It takes one-to-one work and it takes a long time to build trust, before the probing can begin. None of this is practical in a traditional college teaching framework, and that is why college admissions offers key on Calculus.

As for the discussion of Statistics, I agree that this is more important for general students. STEM students need to add Calculus as well.
https://typing.io/
Casting pointers to the correct integer types and again back isn't UB, but several things you can you can easily do along the way are at the very least implementation specific.
Hey there! The verilog is separate from the 74HC design. The verilog was written simply for completion. I plan to put it into an FGPA sometime.
I still need to understand how George Hotz knows about the GPT-4 architecture if it is true.
It's even easier to just buy a desk calculator or even just learn long addition and do it with pencil and paper.
Short Ruby News – Edition #71
> SEO Optimized Out Of The Box

To me this is a bug, not a feature. Google is so broken now that I assume any website in their first page of results is likely worthless.
You can model refraction using waves in a water-tank; the waves slow down in shallow water, and speed up in deeper water. You can do things like make lenses.

So I suppose a near-zero refractive index would be modeled by a region of "infinite depth". Is there a relationship between wavelength and depth, such that for a given wavelength, there is some finite depth that behaves for practical purposes as if it were infinite?
Ruby 3.3.0-Rc1 Released
Sorry, that also doesn't parse into a comprehensible argument shrugs
Hehe you got me laughing :P Thank you for visiting friend.
I'd love that. And I'd love employees who take ownership and have a vision of more than a meter. Truth is, as a startup that nobody knows (stealth mode) in a tough financial market you're not attractive in Germany (and it's ridiculously competitive already). I hope it get's better with more public visibility.
For those who haven’t yet had the pleasure, this is a quote from Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.
Tetrisly Design System React for Free
"endpoints are available in early access" is in reality "we have a waitlist (of unspecified length) for early access to endpoints"

When I try to access: “Access to our API is currently invitation-only, but we'll let you know when you can subscribe to get access to our best models.”
POSIX only defines source-code level compatibility. However, all OSes are free to implement their system calls any way they want.

In order to run binaries compiled for a specific OS, you need to emulate that OS's (i.e. kernel's) ABI. There's no way around that.

The only way to achieve true binary compatibility would be to use a system-level virtual machine, ala Inferno [0] or PhantomOS [1].

[0] https://www.inferno-os.org/

[1] http://phantomos.org/
Now works. I’m on the waitlist.
7 millilibraries of Congress.
New space-saving RAM sticks for laptops get ratified by JEDEC
On one hand, you have self-absorbed assholes like this one (check out the titles of his "Wednesday Wisdom" posts on that same substack) and on the other hand, you have Big Tech shifting the platforms to intentionally cause their older engineers to fall behind (to circumvent EEOP, which is decades behind the curve) allowing those mature workers to be easily replaced with new brains that are perceived to be "better". Oh and speaking of brains, then comes the AI copilot (which they seem to be reigning in, despite lying through their teeth about doing so, though it's probably due to resource limitations than any desire to save jobs). Software developers should be paid like athletes, but instead the employers are going into public schools and [I Kid You Not] even into homeless shelters looking for anyone they can teach to learn how to "code" to keep feeding their insatiable appetite to exploit the fuck out of their fellow human beings.

In other words: If you have the MIPS and RAM, why pay for a top software engineer to do things efficiently when you can simply hire a way cheaper kid, point them at something like SwiftUI and achieve the same business goal? The problem is, you can't just fire the software engineer if they're over a certain age without showing they're unable to keep up, which you do by shifting the rules of the operating platform. The strategy fails only when the MIPS and RAM become limitations (or when the EEOP enforcement agencies around the Country figure out what's been going on since the microcomputer vendors took control away from the established mainframe and minicomputer vendors during the late 1980s and initiate legislative and/or regulatory changes).
MoE is all about tradeoffs. You get the "intelligence" of a 45B model but only pay the operational cost of multiplying against 12B of those params per token. The cost is that it's now up to the feedforward block to decide early which portions of those 45B params matter, whereas a non-MoE 45B model doesn't encode that decision explicitly into the architecture, it would only arise from (near) zero activations in the attention heads across layers found through gradient descent, instead of just siloing the "experts" entirely. From a quick look at the benchmark results, it looks like in particular it suffers in pronoun resolution vs larger models.

Richard Sutton's Bitter Lesson[1] has served as a guiding mantra for this generation of AI research: the less structure that the researcher explicitly imposes upon the computer in order to learn from the data the better. As humans, we're inclined to want to impose some structure based on our domain knowledge that should guide the model towards making the right choice from the data. It's unintuitive, but it turns out we're much better off imposing as little structure as possible, and the structure that we do place should only exist to effectively enable some form of computation to capture relationships in the data. Gradient descent over next token-prediction isn't very energy efficient, but it leverages compute quite well and it turns out it has scaled up to the limits of just about every research cluster we've been able to build to date. If you're trying to push the envelope and build something which advances the state of the Art in a reasoning task, you're better off leaning as heavily as you can on compute-first approaches unless the nature of the problem involves a lack of data/compute.

Professor Sutton does a much better job than I discussing this concept, so I do encourage you to read the blog post.

1: https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~eunsol/courses/data/bitter_lesson...
the "je ne sais quoi" is called money
AFAIK Python strings cache their hash value. All the hash table lookups for object properties should be compile-time constant strings that reuse the string object, and thus also reuse the cached hash value.
It may take 11 hash computations for the first print("hello world"), but the second call shouldn't take any.
The suggestion i'd make is to save into browser localstorage, that would at least provide some persistense.

There is some persistence now via browser history, but it's a pity that literally every key stroke is saved in there.

nicely made though, congrats !
Depends. If you know at the outset whether your client side is primarily an app or primarily a document, you can choose libraries that make sense.

If you're going to shoehorn everything into "this is an app" or "this is a document" then you're going to have problems no matter what you choose.
Coherent had a K&R C compiler, so modern software would simply not compile. There is a tool called "unproto" that compiles ANSI (C89) programs with K&R compilers, and there is a Coherent version on my homepage (http://localhost/t3x.org/index.html#retro -- scoll down a bit). However, even this will probably not get you ver far with modern software.

For 32-bit Coherent (4.0.0 and later) there is some 2.x GCC, but I have never used it and I doubt that it can compile software that is "modern" these days.
Duplicate - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38593147 ?
Do you mean this post? https://www.reddit.com/r/Python/s/raofvsKCiz
That speedup was disputed in the comments. I haven’t tried it myself though
Oh nice, I did something similar recently (https://github.com/divyenduz/zoid-zip), mine is much lighter/smaller than yours. Instead of following a standard fully, I just use Huffman coding to make stuff smaller!
> Ye well they have to always have been there?

Maybe their talent has, but not the experience. What I was trying to say is that those talented individuals have now accumulated the experience they need to be able to confidently make that leap to meaningful original tech startup, rather than just remaining as a resource in a body shop.

My comment didn't discuss anything about wages at an individual level. All I was doing is pointing out the dwindling commercial value of individuals within the outsourcing sector as they advance and approach the top end of the pay scale.

FWIW I'm personally pretty allergic to individuals from the region who steer every local tech discussion towards the subject of 'wages'. To me this is an indicator that the person got into tech because it pays better than other jobs, not because it is something that ever genuinely interested them. Again, it's a personal thing, but to me it's a red flag that tells me they are unlikely to push themselves to progress unless they're forced to, and will always be chasing a number.

OTOH if you can show me that you're truly driven by curiosity and love of tech, I'll make sure I pay you enough so that you never have to think about all those things you just mentioned in your comment.
Well said, I hate all that autoconf hell really. Most of my programs can be compiled pretty much anywhere (or easy ported). Not that I write big complicated stuff, but its doable. One thing is unavoidable tho, but its ok, because its special platform: #ifdef __CYGWIN__
And on other aviation systems we do examine multiple failure modes. For example, a round going though the fuselage of an Apache, tumbling and smashing and causing spalling, thousands of simulated trials. Then coupled physics models that look at dozens of unintended interactions, avgas squirting out onto electronics, hot manifolds, etc.

There a whole field of Fault Tree Analysis that looks at how adjacent faults can propagate into unrelated components, then Event Tree Analysis to determine what will happen next. Models that assess robustness against failures even when we have no idea how the failure will occur.

Reliability of cyber physical systems is a constantly evolving field, lots of recent work on concepts like probabilistic model checking, ML for anomaly detection, resistance to cyber attacks, and so on.
Yes, that gives me the site's past articles, but I want the future ones to come to me.
Point taken! I have yet to find a path to distributed ownership in my team, but I lack the right resources imho. Can't go into detail, but we have special issues that are probably not widely shared in other startups.
> (e.g. subtracting something from both sides of an equation to move a term to the other side)

You mention that as if it was a trivial operation, but it only works because subtracting a constant is total and injective. In general if a=b then f(a)=f(b) [the substitution property for equality] for any total function f - but the converse is not true in general.
Honest feedback: I’m on mobile and the experience isn’t good.

Is that something that’s being addressed?
HN folks tend to be fairly perceptive, so when a bunch of new accounts all get created at once, then proceed to self-promote their blogs posts, it doesn't even matter whether or not you created good content -- It gives a bad impression. If you are trying to promote your site and your site has something new to offer, do a "Show HN", and you will be welcomed with open arms. But if you are just trying to get traffic to blog posts.... this is not the way.
I advocated for the exact opposite[0]

There’s no point in serving only excerpts. By serving full content the people like you who like to consume on the original site can still do that.

Serving blurbs forces everyone to do that and that’s wrong imo.

[0] https://manuelmoreale.com/rss-excerpts
Honest question: if they're only beating GPT 3.5 with their latest model (not GPT 4) and OpenAI/Google have infrastructure on tap and a huge distribution advantage via existing products - what chance do they stand?

How do people see things going in the future?
I think we'll start seeing a lot more services like https://www.together.ai soon.

Having open-weight models better than gpt-3.5 will drive a lot of competition on the LLM infra.
Well you could still replace an older x86 server system by this RISC-V machine.
My understanding is that because of the way the various aggregators work is basically impossible to quantify the audience of RSS feeds, and that’s a good thing.
Python 3.11 appears to have switched to SipHash 1-3 for strings, from 2-4, following the lead of Rust and Ruby. https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/73596

However, Python does not use it for integers;

>>> hash(10)
10
>>> hash(100)
100
>>> hash(2**61-2) == 2**61-2
True
>>> hash(2**61-1)
0
My favourite book this year: Doom Guy: Life in First Person - John Romero.
iirc it works well in Kenya because the thermal gradient is really steep and the heat is right near the surface. I don't think that's common around the world. Local expenses (labor, etc...) are also cheaper than in many parts of the world.

Geothermal is however one of the electricity sources with the fewest negative externalities so definitely should be pursued where possible.
gpt-3.5 is heavily subsidized.

Mistral may just be aiming for a more sustainable price for the long run.
I'll bite...

Yawn, but also...

I'm a happy, very productive, Java developer, and to me it's not tedious. You must be doing it wrong ;)
> all enemy AI in gaming history are state machines of some sort.

Couldn't that be said about all natural intelligences too? "state machines of some sort" is a very broad characterisation fitting almost anything.
BBR is a congestion control algorithm, L4S provides a congestion control signal. So BBR can be updated to take advantage the L4S signal. Apparently there are some plans to do so.
X Is Working to Lure Smaller Advertisers as Musk Keeps Alienating Big Brands
HN is not meant for this. If you want an external comments section please use an appropriate vehicle.
What highschool "literature" class isn't heavy with writing exercises? I've never heard of an English class where you just read (except in college, where you're expected to also be taking dedicated writing classes.)
What's your evidence for that claim?
In what ways would you say that ext4 takes advantage of the latest several decades of innovation, where XFS does not? Both XFS and ext2 were first released around 1993, and it is safe to say that XFS was more advanced than ext2 at that time, given that it had journaling and ext2 did not.

If I wanted something actually novel, I would go for ZFS or one of its clones.
> We keep getting in to trouble and getting away with it.

The ultimate survivorship bias.