skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The regulation applies in the opposite side as well. I think the highest bid allowed is like A$16.8/kWh or something like that.

It's not fully clear to me how the market work as a whole. I learnt that generators may have swap contracts with retailers and big users, which, based on my understanding, can distort the price to arbitrarily low, because generators get paid for the difference from the other side regardless of spot price, so they can set the lowest possible to ensure they can dump their power to the grid.

Also when it's predicted to be this low (or that high), there is likely some operations (market or not) behind the scenes to level the price. Usually when it gets to the time, the actual spot price has been in a reasonable range.
Jump in, the water is great!

But seriously, this finally forced my back to Firefox and it has been very smooth so far.

The Cloudflare overlords like to force a few more captchas to access sites, and Apple doesn’t support keychain password sharing yet, but they’re worthy compromises to push back on the domination of chrome.
Interesting! Where I live there are essentially three different providers for long haul SCADA, the railroad infra company, the telcos and the cable companies. And then there are some specialized fiber companies as well. Most power infra that I've seen up close did not include integral communications though I guess it makes sense.

But even the largest grid infra companies here rely on the telcos for their private comms, for instance:

https://nieuws.eneco.nl/stedin-en-liander-bundelen-krachten-...

Note the mention of "KPN" for this private mobile network that is nominally owned by the energy company grid operators but in fact is operated by KPN (the largest Dutch Telco) and uses their infra.

Which country are you in?
Copyright and patents aren't some kind of deep magic that binds the whole Earth. They're just laws. Legislators are free to change how those laws work...
You're missing out !
I started doing it when I realized that a book is nothing sacred, just thoughts the author where having. So by taking notes, it's like having a conversation with her.
It has the benefit of also teaching you to be more "skeptical" of what you are reading, always a plus.
Apparently you're also allowed to discuss this article on HN:

Things you're allowed to do (2020) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31705542 - June 2022 (171 comments)

Things You're Allowed to Do - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25513713 - Dec 2020 (416 comments)
I don’t think the statement is annoying to some because they see it as a damning indictment of AI.

It’s because it’s not literally true. If it were literally true, a zip file would be ChatGPT, but it is not. The paper was named in an intentionally provocative way.

What they really mean is, at the heart of these transformer models, compression is the fundamental principle or goal.

This trend in naming papers has evolved over time. It didn’t always used to be this way.

Some would say a provocative title is thought-provoking and drives a wider interest.

Others would say it’s a research paper and things in it should be literally true.

edit to add direct link to paper:

White-Box Transformers via Sparse Rate Reduction: Compression Is All There Is?
https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13110
Don't be too pessimistic, there are always better things to come
If they grant the loans they will issue them in Dollars or Euros. And good luck trying to pay those off if your income is in Turkish Lira.
Write Forwardable Emails
Alternatively, the farther away you are from average when it comes to wealth and resources, the more the state can benefit you.

People in the bottom percentile are tremendously well served by many modern democracies, despite your assertion to the opposite.

If I’m going to be severely disabled (extremely far from average), I would much rather do it in a modern western democracy, instead of any other form of government.
I love OSMAnd for hiking, but it's never going to replace Google reviews, which are invaluable when traveling.
Please take a look around ESA endeavours before making such cynical claims. For one, take a look at ESO.

Comparing private companies to public funded ones is such a ill founded idea... I can't even begin to comprehend the optics of most in this thread, if I'm being honest.
As usual, when compression is brought up in the context of AI, it seems relevant to mention the Hutter Prize:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutter_Prize
Don't press 'pandemic panic button' scientists caution on China pneumonia report
"White-Box Transformers via Sparse Rate Reduction" (2023) ; https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.13110 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=1536453281127121652... :

> Abstract: In this paper, we contend that the objective of representation learning is to compress and transform the distribution of the data, say sets of tokens, towards a mixture of low-dimensional Gaussian distributions supported on incoherent subspaces. The quality of the final representation can be measured by a unified objective function called sparse rate reduction. From this perspective, popular deep networks such as transformers can be naturally viewed as realizing iterative schemes to optimize this objective incrementally. Particularly, we show that the standard transformer block can be derived from alternating optimization on complementary parts of this objective: the multi-head self-attention operator can be viewed as a gradient descent step to compress the token sets by minimizing their lossy coding rate, and the subsequent multi-layer perceptron can be viewed as attempting to sparsify the representation of the tokens. This leads to a family of white-box transformer-like deep network architectures which are mathematically fully interpretable. Despite their simplicity, experiments show that these networks indeed learn to optimize the designed objective: they compress and sparsify representations of large-scale real-world vision datasets such as ImageNet, and achieve performance very close to thoroughly engineered transformers such as ViT. Code is at [ https://github.com/Ma-Lab-Berkeley/CRATE.

"Bad numbers in the “gzip beats BERT” paper?" (2023)
https://news.ycombinator.com/context?id=36766633

"78% MNIST accuracy using GZIP in under 10 lines of code" (2023) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37583593
There is a mathematical equation, a function of variables, on whether the reuse business case closes. The variables are, off the top of my head (I might have missed some) the base carrying cost of all the people necessary to run the space-ship factory, the incremental cost of refurbishing the rocket and the incremental cost of building a new one, plus the overhead both in payload and engineering effort to get that reusability. The result of the equation is how many flights per year is necessary for re-usability to pay off.

So for the Space Shuttle reusability did not pay off, because it had a low flight rate and a very high cost of refurbishment (the Solid Rocket Boosters in particular probably never paid off- due to the landing into the ocean and the salt-water dunking they had to be fully taken apart after every flight, inspected, and put back together, and that meant that you actually had labor costs of twice the work of just assembling a new one- the materials cost savings was simply not worth that). This is one reason that SpaceX ended up abandoning their original plan of recovering engines from the ocean, though they were trying to do it much harder with liquid fuel engines rather than the simple solids that STS used.

One interesting thing about SpaceX (a privately held company, which does not publish useful financials) is that they have also claimed they invested a lot into the factory for churning out engines with many fewer man-hours than their western competitors. That investment might not make sense if you are counting on reusing all your engines many times before they are replaced- unless you are looking at many many launches of Falcon Heavy, which I will be curious to see if they actually do (the market for super heavy rockets like that has never really existed at more than 5ish a year, and I'm personally uncertain if satellite internet can get there).

Before SpaceX came along, the (Russian) Progress company was the cheapest in the world, with their R7 Semyorka (Soyuz 2 is the modern version) rocket family. That was because the Soviet Union had invested in a very heavily automated, highly productive launch factory (they launched a bucket-dropping spy satellite every two weeks, plus manned launches, Progress resupply flights, Molniya commsats, etc. so they had a very high flight rate) that needed very little in the way of manpower to make their engines and rockets- and that investment definitely paid off, the R-7 family has flown into space more than any other rocket in human history. But making it reusable and investing heavily in highly automated production tend to cut against each other as solutions to the cost problem until you get to extremely high flight rates.

Whether you think that at current flight rates the numbers point to re-usability comes down to how much you trust Musk the businessman (personally not very much), and how much you trust Shotwell to manage Musk and bring the company to a good place in spite of Musk's random perturbations (personally I have great faith in Gwynne, but your mileage may vary).
>BMW has moved engine production to Austria and the UK, so it’s not like the company has ended that segment of its business just yet.

Would be incredibly stupid for German automakers to give up on their one of core competencies.

EVs unless forced by regulations, have no place in average Joe's mind. And it isn't irrational. Problems are known.
If I remember correctly, Linus from Linus Tech Tips said begrudgingly at one point that the clickbait thumbnails increase views by 20-30%. Even he wasn't happy about having to do them, but the drop in viewership from not doing them seemed quite large and hard to disagree with.
Related:

The Eyes Have It (1953) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30004360 - Jan 2022 (91 comments)
If I'm being honest, I didn't have what it takes to be a founder
> But even the largest grid infra companies here rely on the telcos for their private comms, for instance:

You should read that article again. It doesn't say what you've said it says.
55% of that goes to the content creators. Most videos you watch at youtube wouldn't exist without people watching those ads.
I was totally fine with the way I saw speed cameras set up in Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania etc. in those places you generally see them only when you are genuinely passing through a place that it is unsafe to be speeding, most often this is the main crossing point in a small village where one of the only the bus stops is. A totally reasonable place you don’t want people rocketing by at 100 kmh. The key is that in Europe you are almost always warned exactly where, in meters, the speed trap is, often multiple times. So you have ample time to slow down and it’s not a “gotcha” like speed traps you might see in the States or the infamous red light cameras that you would only know they are photo enforced as you are driving through them because the barely visible sign is right before the light.

In short, the key thing about European speed cameras in my experience that makes them reasonable and effective is that they are actually designed and implemented as a way to slow people down, not as a moneymaking agenda

Side note I think Norway has gone just a bit too far with them. Especially in Oslo area
Well, star me a flag, and export me a geolayer! Want to go here! Search this area! And by "layers", I mean satellite! Everyone: rush, to the beige! Contrast is too PC! An Apple a day! Let's speak in tones!
Apparently it does? Check this old comment from Scott Aaronson:

> Rahul #97: No, because the other point is that whether a spectral gap goes to zero as the lattice size goes to infinity is the kind of thing that real condensed-matter physicists and quantum field theorists ask all the time. It’s something they accept every day as a good mathematical idealization for what they care about. So it’s worthwhile to know that their problem secretly contains the halting problem—that for large enough constant d, there can never be a clean algorithmic criterion to tell you which nearest-neighbor qudit Hamiltonians are gapped and which are gapless.

https://scottaaronson.blog/?p=2586#comment-975416

If I read this he's clearly implying the spectral gaps problem is done by reduction to the halting problem.

(Edit, in the blog entry he explains: "Cubitt et al.’s theorem now says the following: for some fixed, constant local dimension d, there is no algorithm that takes as input the local Hamiltonian h (say, as a d2×d2 matrix of algebraic numbers), and that decides whether the material is gapped or gapless. Indeed, you can reduce the halting problem to that problem, in such a way that the material will be gapped if your Turing machine halts, or gapless if it runs forever.")
On this, typically people have terrible memories, especially of one off events. This is why we tend to learn by repetition and why eyewitness testimony is filled with faults.
Does EU go after their luxury goods antitrust/monopolies?
> Mac OS support is not active, the main reason is only 4% of the Darktable user base runs it while the continuous integration bot for Mac OS needs weekly maintenance (for breaking unexpectedly). It may or may not work, but if it doesn't, I don't own a Mac box to have a look, so don't expect anything. Mac OS is anyway not playing nice with Open-Source, having deprecated OpenCL and all.

Source: https://github.com/aurelienpierreeng/ansel/blob/master/READM...
Interesting the concept if "misbehaving when watching tv". I have a clear memory that I would get a mild headache and feel bored if I watched too much tv, and when I look at my children I notice they are watching too much tv by how "active" their body becomes while in front of the tv, that's the signal boredom is kicking in and a good time to turn it off. Usually prevent things going worse.

The time it goes bad is when I need the full day for, as an example, pack for a long trip. In that case tv is a necessity, but the consequences are terrible
I have been required to use YouTube for school and for work
Military spending isn’t a binary. The US could probably spend significantly less, while still keeping the status quo.

The US military has not one, but three aerobatics teams spending over a hundred million per year total. To cite a single example of completely pointless spending
>I started doing it when I realized that a book is nothing sacred, just thoughts the author where having.

the sacred part is often tied into the history of the book , the edition, the tradition, the binding options, in some instances the rarity of the documented text, whatever.

I have many books that are heirloom items from generations before me, I would never write in them. They are a testament to their point in history, and altering them would be akin to defacing art in my eyes, depriving future generations from the beauty that I got to behold unsullied.

If we're talking about "Do you write in the margins for "C++ for Dummies 69th Edition", sure.
I read a bit more and figured out why the article was written. In 2009, ext4 (and ONLY ext4) adopted this behavior:

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4.g...

I don't think any other unix filesystems do this. It's not posix, and it's not behavior that any apps should be depending on if they care about their data.

I would suggest updating the LWN article to clarify that this is a piece specifically about ext4 -- not POSIX, or even Linux in general.
I was watching my kid use YouTube, and literally every time she's shown an ad on TV, quick as lightning, she goes into the menu that handles complaints about the ad and tells it "never show me this ad again". Which also ends the ad break.
Generative AI: opportunities, risks and challenges
" Since systems such as Chat GPT can be used for low and high-risk applications, the Council’s common position proposes to oblige providers to share the information they require to function, so that users are able to identify the level of risk."

I wonder how that would work; the usual stuff, some legalese in a TOS and so on?
I used to have a computer with an audio interface that had a wordclock input (BNC connector) and a huge rack mounted wordclock (Antelope Isochrone) to theoretically reduce jitter that a cheap internal crystal clock built into an interface might otherwise introduce. To work normally, the interface and external clock both needed to be set to the same thing (say, 48 or 192 kHz, or whatever you wanted). We quickly discovered that if the interface was set lower than the clock, any audio playback would be sped up and high pitch (and vice versa) -- not only playback from the DAW, but from anything, even YouTube videos and so forth. And of course the a/v sync was maintained, so the picture would also be sped up to match.

I wonder if this effect could be completely virtualized as an audio driver, where you choose this middleware as the default output device in the OS, and it messes with the audio clock speed: essentially overclocking the upstream (OS) side whenever an ad is detected, and dropping samples (basically a rudimentary sample rate conversion) proportionately so the downstream (hardware) side never skips a beat. I don't know how an extension/userscript would be able to communicate with said middleware, but maybe there's a way.

Aside: I wonder what would happen with live streams. Probably just periodic buffering, not from congestion but from the analog to digital conversion consuming the stream faster than it's being created. Theoretically a very miniscule version of this problem always occurs if the DAC on the production side is running slightly lower clock speed (say, 47999 Hz) than the ADC on the consumer side (say, 48001 Hz) and the player knows how to gracefully compensate to avoid occasional buffering (or buffering does occur but it's too brief for anyone to notice). Hmm.
No but TFA specifically mentioned hiring “grad students” as an example, and that could accidentally get them into hot water.

I’ve worked with foreign students and they have to be reminded that they can’t Uber or DoorDash or consult or basically do anything other than explicitly permitted work-study for income while they are here.
This is awesome. I had always had a travel/pocket wi-fi router since a long-long time. Started from the likes of D-Link, TP-Link, etc and now my next target is to check out one from GL•iNet[1]. They are flashable with OpenWRT. Their Beryl AX[2] looks spicy.

I find the benefit of a router with you when traveling are;

- More secure (you can set it up the way you want).

- Your device(s) do not need to be configured to work and sync.

- Better wi-fi coverage.

PS. I have no relationship with GL•iNet. They just seem to be the most ideal from all the reviews I have stumbled on so far.

1. https://www.gl-inet.com/

2. https://www.gl-inet.com/products/gl-mt3000/
Turkey's central bank raises interest rates to 40%
> Dissect a cadaver

That was certainly an interesting link to follow.
By changing what you do later.
think about video compression for a "zoom" call.

You could just send a lot of bitmap files. Or, you could save bandwidth and zip them before send.

Or you could integrate some image-specific compression into the file format, as in motion-jpeg. And in mpeg2/h264/h265 you supercharge this with temporal compression, not just adjacent pixels, not just blocks within the frame, but also pixels and blocks from adjacent frames are used to predict each pixel.

And now think about not sending video, just a single initial jpeg, some face shape data, and now a continuous stream of position data of a dozen or so points on your face and the facial movements are reconstructed. (Nvidia research project from last year)

And now think about no longer sending images at all, just coordinates for points in latent space (aka very abstract image descriptions) and a super-fast diffusion model "generates" the right frames on the fly.

Where does "compression" end, where does "AI" start?
Ultimately, the marketing people decide.

Don't get hung up on the term "AI". "AI" is a bullshit hype buzzword. Calling it such serves no scientific-practical purpose, it is solely meant to impress venture capital.
Saying the eradication of Polio "was primarily funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation" is a vast overstatement. Less than a third of the main organization's funding came from the Gates Foundation, and outside of funding, a lot more of the effort was from your run-of-the-mill local civil health organizations, community outreach programs, etc.. There's no solid evidence that billionaires made such programs successful, especially given that the polio eradication effort has notoriously been mired by repeated setbacks.

It's also a vast overstatement to claim "most top universities have billionaires to thank for their existence" or that "the widespread existence of public libraries is mostly due to" Carnegie libraries. Most top universities in the world are public institutions, and public libraries existed long before Carnegie (there was never a point in American history where most public libraries were Carnegie libraries, let alone in other countries).
There’s a bit more to it than that. GMT is further along but its design has many compromises versus TMT. Also, a second ELT in the southern hemisphere is less useful than one in both Hemispheres.
The situation for TMT on Maunakea is definitely tricky, but it’s also a better site than either of GMT’s or EELTs.
Pi knockoffs offer a unique form of supply chain and technical risks
Coincidentally, you can. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00260...
15s for 20 steps is pretty bad.
Building a minimal Web Browser from scratch
> but with antibiotics? What's causing that strange inconsistency?

There are a number of reasons, but one that hasn't been mentioned so far is the heavy use of antibiotics in food production: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/antibiotic-usage-in-lives...
State Dept prioritizes 'AI-ready workforce' in its first AI strategy
Looks like they're just butted rings, so you're relying on the rididity of each ring to resist opening up.

Welded or rivited rings would be much more robust. Especially vs piercing weapons, like arrows or fighting knives.

But much more expensive.
Mercifully prions are a big deal, not an everyday thing. Autoclavation is an acceptable solution for bacteria but if there's even a hint that prions are involved it's time to bring in the all consuming fire to wipe it off the surface of the planet.
Interesting points:

> The department is also using AI tools to declassify diplomatic cables more quickly.

> Graviss said machine learning tools have achieved a 97% accuracy rate in declassifying cables under the Freedom of Information Act with the same precision as department employees.

> These automation tools, he added, have decreased employees’ declassification workload by 60%

> It cost about $400,000 to develop and train the machine learning tool, which Stein described as a major cost-savings compared to hiring more individuals to manually review records. The State Department has now “fully operationalized” the tool as part of its 25-year declassification program, with the 1997 records serving as the first public example.

Additional reading: https://federalnewsnetwork.com/artificial-intelligence/2023/...
The average normie "everything is fine" position is not that intelligent. The problem is that the first level cynical reaction is /even worse/.

That's why it's a minority position. Most people aren't low-openness conspiracy theorists.

It's like the midwit meme where the people at both ends agree.
That's a good way to put it. I don't want an OS in the common way of thinking of one. I want something a lot closer to the Xerox Alto, but maybe more with a command oriented language.