skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This article glances at, then misses the fundamental technical reason why modems topped out at ~ 56kbps: that’s really all the bandwidth that is available on a POTS line, due to the bandpass filter, the ADC on the other end, companding, and engineering practices that led the Bells to maintain their lines to the standards of an analog voice conversation.

The robbed-bit signaling thing is really a red herring: it was a problem, but not THE problem. At the time analog 56kbps modems were popular, it was already possible to negotiate 64kbps/8-bit clean DS0 channels over T1 — you just needed a PRI or an inter-machine trunk to do so.

In fact, if you were an ISP at the time, you generally needed those modems connected to T1 PRIs or IMTs anyway to support your ISDN customers economically. (My memory may be getting fuzzy on this, but I also remember that certain access concentrators with k56/v.90 digital modems would only negotiate the higher analog speeds on a PRI or IMT bearer channel.)

What there was absolutely no appetite to do, on the part of the voice carriers, was beef up the bandwidth available on POTS lines by developing new ADCs, getting rid of companding, or engaging in labor-intensive “facilities grooming”[0] for a POTS subscriber, in the way they routinely did for T1[1] circuits.

0 - Telcos call their lines and equipment “facilities.” Grooming, in the context of outside plant (telco terminology for the physical cabling that goes to subscribers) means to select wire pairs that exhibit good noise and echo characteristics and to remove elements, like poor splices and bridge taps, that impede performance.

1 - T1s, unless delivered to a customer via an optical transport network, use the same copper lines as analog POTS lines. Originally, T1s required two pairs (four wires). This eventually was replaced with HDSL4 (two pairs, but better distance and repeater characteristics,) then HDSL2 (single pair.) As the names suggest, the encoding used was a DSL variant.
What's crazy is how badly I was waiting to upgrade from X2 to K56Flex just to get the 3kbps, which was like a life-altering speed difference back then!
For some reason I keep getting job offers from Gitlab and that salary nonsense is always a hard pass. Whatever do they get off reaching into my private life like that. That isn’t the only thing in their handbook that makes me go hmmm and all in it doesn’t come across as a place id like to work or a leadership team I would respect.
Sort of makes sense to me. From what I understood from the wiki [1], you can compare the temperature regulation (very) roughly to a thermostat: There is a "target" temperature that the body "wants" to reach and a "current" temperature that the body senses it currently has.

If "current" is higher than "target", the body invokes several mechanisms to bring the temperature down, such as turning up sweat production and making you feel hot; if "current" is lower than "target", it does the same to raise the temperature e.g. by shivering and making you feel cold.

(Fever also works by changing the target temperature of that regulation system, which is why you feel cold at the beginning when the target was raised to the fever temperature and hot at the end when it was lowered back to the normal body temperature)

So it makes sense to me that shivering doesn't make you feel warm, because both, the feeling and the shivering are efforts by the body to raise the temperature.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation_in_humans
With all due respect Walter, you are an exceptionally talented engineer, and probably get treated differently from the average by management.
A government mandated fee is an excise tax, they are essentially the same thing.
I did also begin programming with Notepad++. I thank it to exist, it introduced me to the cool capabilities an editor can have, and it's a very good starting point for a text editor.
But now I gained experience, for quick edits or small projects alongside jetbrains/VS code, I switched to Sublime Text as it as all the functionnalities of Notepad++ and more. It fits perfectly my needs.
Thanks for the recommendation. In my case, GPT revolutionized the way I use bash. If you know what you want to accomplish, gone are the days of endlessly fiddling around with syntax.
Techno-optimism has a solution for this and it's wood made from plastic trees. I only need $80B to make it happen. Ball is in your court Marc so it's your move. I am homeless so comment here to make the deal. I can build an AI system to make innovative furnitures from plastic bottles and other plastic products. Furniture is a huge market and even 1% market share is worth trillions.
Cambridge Chronophage Clock
Process for mass producing Japanese 500 yen coins
As Pomfers says, it doesn't match the camera defaults, something that every other RAW processor seems to do. For my workflow the camera settings are usually 90% where I want.
Eat like your grandparents and weight yourself regularly to adjust quantities. Doing that will already put you in the top 5% easily.

It's really not that hard to eat healthy, you just have to avoid 9 out of 10 aisles.
Released our internal games growth tool externally
Pim here - CEO of medal

For BFCM, we opened up our internal tool for market trends analysis & growth - Tried to make it a bit like Amplitude meets Google Trends. Let me know how we did :)

It does a great job at answering 1 question: How are things trending compared to each other. We've verified with the game studios that the trends reflect the trajectories. This is all based on normalized/relative data where one day is 100% and all values are derived from that 100% - meaning that platform growth is automatically offset.

You're able to run comparisons by game, and break down by variables like uniques and time spent.

Enjoy!
I get your point, which boils down to "your money, your choice".

I am trying to bring across that having warranties for digital stuff makes sense, just like we have them for physical products. It's about fairness. Companies shouldn't delete things (especially paid ones) without a good reason; it should be reasonable, not just based on their whim.

The "sole discretion" thing is not fair. It's like saying companies can do whatever they want (e.g., polluting your neighborhood, risking your health). Imagine a world without any rules (like no government, no police). We'd probably go back to "smaller tribes" because surviving alone would be tough. A "big tribe" (i.e., a country) is okay, but a global one is a bit too much to handle.
Even the US is divided up into smaller states.

Anyway, all I am arguing for is: there should still be some rules (i.e., warranties) to keep things fair.
The author, while having contributed greatly to Darktable in the past and being without any doubt skilled, has severe communication issues. When he was in the darktable team, he was abrasive and offensive. There is a limit to how much offensive you can be to others, parlrticulaly when you are all volunteers. So, I'd take his words with a grain of salt and take into account the background of all this: a skilled person with a very little ability to speak to others starting a feud with another opensource project to which he contributed in the past.
> Can you be denied treatments if the insurer won't pay and you can't afford it?

Yes, or you get treated but go broke. Medical bankruptcy is very common in the United States but unheard of almost anywhere else, despite those countries having better health outcomes. At some point paying three times as much on average is going to swamp everything else.

There’s been tons written about this over the years but some recent articles I read:

https://www.propublica.org/article/priority-health-michigan-...

https://www.propublica.org/article/blue-cross-proton-therapy...
Telecommunications were the first application for nearly every principle and technology now used in computers.

In the 1930s, Claude Shannon was trying to optimize the phone network's automatic switching fabric built out of millions and millions of relays when he, more or less by accident, proved that switching circuits are equivalent to Boolean algebra, in a deep sense, and so the appropriate arrangement of switches, can compute anything that can be computed.

The first major commercial application for the vacuum tube was not in radio, but in amplifying long-distance telephone links. They would quickly find use in frequency multiplexing telephone lines, too. [1]

Similarly, one of the first applications of vacuum tubes as a high-speed electronic switch was for multiplexing telegraph lines, and much of the initial research on high-reliability low-power tubes able to switched fully on without damage began, with the telephone and telegraph companies.

The first computers were built out of relays and vacuum tubes specially designed for telecommunications.

The transistor was invented at Bell Labs. The planned application was the telephone network. The very same year, the theory behind modern error correcting codes was developed at Bell Labs too. These find extensive use today in data storage in computers, but the original goal was arbitrarily accurate transfer of telegraph data over noisy links.

Digital transmission of photographs dates to the late 1920s too; they wanted to send images over extremely noisy long-distance telegraph links. So record the intensity of light over each spot of the image on paper tape. Then send the tape over the wire. And reverse on the other end. [2]

I've come to understand the computer revolution as really the story of the telecommunication revolution. Computers serendipitously came about with advances in telecommunications, enabled by the same technologies, and indeed, often driven by the needs of telecommunications. (One of the very first applications for a computer in an embedded context - dating to the late 1950s in experiment - the telephone exchange, of course.)

[1] https://long-lines.net/tech-equip/misc/Graybar103-0693.jpg

[2] http://www.hffax.de/history/html/bartlane.html
Of course it is and people recognize it as such and therefore their circulation is very low. So naturally they’re trying to get public funds to put it into schools and into defenseless kids heads through subversion.
Show HN: 7GUIs in Hyphen by GPT
Not a Go dev, but a long time viewer of one YouTuber/Twitch streamer that makes his games in Go for a long while now. He's creating a small MMO in Go which you can test out here: https://mythfall.com

UnitOfTime is his YT & Twitch handle https://www.youtube.com/@UnitOfTimeYT
Uses his own binding to OpenGL and WASM to WebGL2 for Web version.

Used to use Go myself, but fell out with it. But I can understand why people would enjoy making games with it. Just like SolarLune himself uses Golang for his gamedev. A lot of people seem to ask the same question tho: "Why make it in Go? Doesn't it have GC?" From my understanding Go's GC is quite robust as well.

In a nutshell, nice to see Go having more usage outside the norm that devs expect it to only be used in.
shh is a really cool package, and so is turtle and shelly:

https://hackage.haskell.org/package/turtle/docs/Turtle-Tutor...

https://hackage.haskell.org/package/shelly

shh's "Alternatives" section summarises nicely some of the differences between these:

https://github.com/luke-clifton/shh#alternatives

shh has a neat [fmt| ... |] macro that gets you around escaping strings.

shh generally has more Template Haskell support; you may or may not like this.

I am personally leaning towards shh because of its "native pipe style".
That could even be done with two completely separate modems.
"Fools, as it has long been said, are indeed separated, soon or eventually, from their money. So, alas, are those who, responding to a general mood of optimism, are captured by a sense of their own financial acumen. Thus it has been for centuries; thus in the long future it will also be." - John Kenneth Galbraith

Source: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/10115990-fools-as-it-has-lo...
Foundations don't really do maintenance on products. Electron is maintained by a few people at Slack at one or two at Microsoft. Of course if you count the Chromium codebase then it is indeed "Google's framework" and they do nearly all the maintenance.
Ok, so defining the monthly rate as yearly rate / 12 will lead to mistakes if the yearly rate is not twelve times the monthly rate.

(Of course any other definition of monthly rate will also lead to mistakes when it's inconsistent with the definition of yearly rate.)
I saw Harrison's clocks years ago during a visit to Greenwich but there was no way I could have fathomed out how they worked from such a short visit (even if I were able).

This story surprised me because I'd have thought by now that Harrison's clocks would have been analyzed to the nth degree and copies of them made given their historical significance.

In recent years we've seen considerable efforts made in trying to reverse engineer the Antikythera mechanism so it's surprising a similar effort hasn't gone into a full understanding of these wonderful clocks, especially given that we have them both intact and in good combination.

It seems to me we should not only have a full mechanical understanding of these clocks together with a good rationale for why Harrison tackled the problem as he did but also that an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis should be done on the metals used in their construction.

Assuming Harrison used the best materials available in the Eighteenth Century then an XRF analysis would give us a better understanding of the composition of those materials and of their production but also of the metrology methods in use in Harrison's time.
$1M is now high net worth?
> "although I'm not sure what point you're trying to make still."

I'm countering the claim "even naysayers will want this as soon as it works" with evidence that people don't want things which work - for multiple reasons, viz. known side effects, unknown/long term side effects, your 'implying a lifestyle change', not wanting to be early adopters, for examples we have covered, along with people who don't want to 'play God', don't approve of medical treatments, don't want 200 years of working life (as mentioned in the comments elsewhere on this thread).
China's Goldwind installed a 16 MW offshore wind turbine in just 24 hours
I posted this as part of the extended discussion on https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37872774

It's a very interesting and surprisingly well researched look at the future for a kids book. It was available to me at my elementary school library and was almost constantly checked out by a few children and myself who poured over the pages digesting every single thing in them. To say it was influential on me would be an understatement.
"Works with Windows Subsystem for Linux"
According to the link you provided. Thanks for the link !
> Until some makes a call or sends a fax when your top speed drops 64k per phone line being used.

That wasn’t how it worked. You could have a T1 with certain channels configured for voice and others for data, but the configuration was static — you didn’t get to use the bandwidth from the voice channels when they were idle.

> It’s also why ISDN didn’t connect at 128k but at 112k since it just used two “bonded” lines of the T1

ISDN bearer channels were 8-bit clean. If you bonded both channels of a BRI, you had a 128kbps data path. What you typically couldn’t use was the 16kbps D channel, which was used for signaling.
Tiles should show the full note like C4#

Otherwise what we see and what we hear don't match (showing CC and playing C4C5 for instance)
Unrelated, but I highly recommend anyone visiting Seattle check out the Connections Museum, open on Sundays only. It has several different genuine analogue and early digital telephone exchange frames saved from being scrapped from genuine telephone exchanges. They turn them on and you can actually call from one phone to another inside the museum. The museum itself actually shares a building with a real telephone exchange. Lots of old books, technical journals and schematics too.

I just thought to post this since when I visited in September, some actual retired telecoms engineers were part of the tour group. One had been involved in the development of submarine cable technology.
...also, author put Primer in the "Less Entertaining, Less Scientific" quadrant!
"Entertaining" is obviously subjective, but I would argue that Primer is one of (if not the best) scientific, realistic representations of time travel in movies (if you subscribe to backwards time travel being possible at all - which I don't.)
2023 LLVM Dev Meetingg – Mojo: A system programming language [video]
> not because each guess is harder

Not sure about that. It's definitely harder to always have to come up with a word that fits the constraints. It's how I thought you were supposed to play until I realized you can guess a random word every time just to see if the target word has those letters which makes the game trivial.
Mixing Haskell and Swift UI, an in-depth guide
AI can also detect cows but this is a much better use case of drones. They can train the drones to drop grenades on land mines and clear everything in no time. I can make this happen Elon, all I need is $80B.
Consider if you can simplify the game so that it's only played on one or two octaves, and the full range is shown at all times. I believe that's the best way forward.

Maybe a simple mode (one octave) and an advanced mode (more octaves..).

Thanks for the nice game! And because there is a keyboard right there to compare with the recording, this is just as much a game of relative pitch as it is perfect pitch. (With that said I don't mind the name, it is a fun one and can be good branding.)
The government is far more powerful than any private entity

And there's no unsubscribe button
> They always knew how to do it, for decades

Unless we're limiting to the purely theoretical this is quite the hyperbole and in that case applies equally well to the 56k modem.

Size and heat are also factors. The process nodes did not exist in the 70s and early 80s to produce the integrated circuits necessary. VLSI technically enabled DSL.

The idea that somehow the difference between 1960s integration and 1990s is "purely economic" is pretty silly. If only they threw trillions of dollars more into research in the 60s would we have had the Intel Pentium then rather than 30 years later, maybe, but that is a useless line of reasoning. Someone has to actually do the "science".

You need to actually design and produce a suitable line card equivalent for every subscriber that will support DSL speeds without taking up the space of an airport for it and the cooling. That didn't exist for decades before DSL was rolled out (which started barely a decade after it was patented).

> DSL technology was perfected before the 56K modem was even invented.

Considering that DSL standards continued to evolve after the 56K modem was obsolete this is also hyperbole.

The other thing not yet mentioned which is pretty fundamental is that DSL eschews the 3.3khz bandwidth of POTS.
Dune.
Ok... but is he wrong?

Agreed that being too harsh/blunt can be counterproductive, but at the same time, the way a message is delivered does not make the points any less valid. (It just makes the relevant people less likely to listen? Though at this point it seems that hope is long gone anyway?)
Had me until he used middle-aged as a pejorative.
No, you can't say you want encryption even if bad guys use it but then say crypto is bad because bad guys use it
In a quick google search it seems that supposedly there's a ongoing project on Neuromancer, although not much info is divulged.

But I agree with you: it would be EXTREMELLY difficult to live up to the book anyhow. Nevertheless, I think it will happen eventually: the book is incredible.
Modern concrete only lasts a hundred years or so. Stone walls last much longer when correctly constructed.

Presumably the placement algorithm understands compression strength of the local rocks, soil heaving, etc.

So, software addresses the initial problems you describe at construction, and geology/materials solve the problem of needing to inspect it every decade or so, and replace it in 50-100 years.
Also known as tretinoin, the acne treatment.
Note that "Blogger" here, which I had never heard of, means Blogspot which I think most people will come across regularly, so actually very useful to have a backup of

(See the first sentence under the "strategy" section, as well as that they say blogger.com/profile/NUMBER redirects to a blogspot subdomain)
Yes I did. Sorry it was likely a typo.
all types off parties, not likelihood of individuals being involved

https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/03/31/cryptocurrency-news-21pe...

they’ve been doing this poll of 1000 people for years and the number goes up really high especially in slices of demographics, up to 50%
I’m not at all familiar with networking tech in general, but is Click a commonly used tech? A modular and configurable router sounds pretty cool
I find this article incredibly inspiring, and my interpretation is that the main character was fulfilled by these accomplishments. The person interpreting the journal uses the word “obsessed”, not as a direct observation, but to put it in contemporary terms. But we have no evidence this person was burnt out.

My observation is that many people in HN seem burnt out, and are resorting to pointing out reasons, not just for their own burn out, but for that of society’s as a whole. I don’t find it constructive. It seems like another flavor of doomerism. Capitalism is not evil— it’s incredibly ingenious and productive. We all live much better for it.
For me the use cases of offpunk (or any cli/tui program) are mainly 2 things:

1. keep my computer environment on a remote VPS. So I have an always-on machine with high-speed internet access. I read books, visit websites and write codes on the same machine. These are mainly text works so a mosh connection is enough. Occasionally when I want to view some images, I use chafa to preview the images. Because the machine is always on, syncing and backup is eaiser to do.

2. But sometimes either you are offline or the VPS is offline. In this situation I will switch to a raspberry pi zero (packed inside a mint tin). The computation resource is limited so do everything in cli/tui will make things faster.
This article confuses so many things that at first I thought it was making a completely different point.
But let's go:

JWT is a format for tokens, it's not a choice between JWT and opaque tokens, as JWT can be opaque and transparent tokens can be in another format.

JWT just happens to be a format with good support in javascript. As a format, it's quite unremarkable, but as a standard it's a complete piece of shit where footguns abound. Anyway, it's easy to work with, while the alternatives tend to have the opposite features, being incredibly hard to work with, but easier to use correctly then wrongly.

Transparent tokens (the ones everybody knows how to verify) have the advantage over opaque tokens that you pointed out (they are easy to distribute). On the other hand, they are hard to revoke, so people tend to use short-lived ones. And yes, it's common for an application to have a long-lived opaque token that they only use in an authentication service to get short-lived transparent ones (that they use everywhere).

Anyway, the article is about the infrastructure for supporting JWT in javascript.
Finance is in a somewhat unique place in that we hold them responsible for their customers. If a bank doesn't ask any questions and as a consequence provides service to known terrorists that's against their perceived (and codified) obligations. Yet the we allow anyone to ride the subway, to get a telephone connection, or to have their home hooked up to electricity. If your internet provider terminated your contract because you download files from Syria or regularly upload large files and trigger their risk analysis that would be seen as outrageous. Yet that is exactly what we expect of finance companies.