skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
On a modern computer, programs that wish to draw on the screen do not interface with the hardware directly (aside from games). Instead, they communicate with another program that does the drawing on their behalf. This other program is called a "display server", a GUI program such as Firefox is a "client", and the details of the mechanism by which they communicate is called a "protocol".

Until recently, "Xorg" was the main centralized implementation of a display server on unix-likes, and any program wishing to display graphics had to speak its native protocol, "X11". Now many systems run display servers which speak a new protocol, "Wayland"[note]. While a compatibility shim does exist (XWayland), ideally a program wishing to display graphics on such a system should do so using the new protocol directly, for better performance and features.

Porting an application to a new graphics backend obviously requires some effort and testing. Until now, out of an abundance of caution, Firefox simply spoke the old X11 protocol by default, even when running on a new Wayland system, relying on the XWayland compatibility shim. Now Firefox is essentially announcing that they believe their Wayland backend is robust and complete enough to enable by default.

I hope this helps!

[note] the nature of Wayland is such that there are many implementations of such servers, not just one main one like with Xorg. This is because the semantics of the Wayland protocol have taken over some of the functions previously handled (on X11) by a separate piece of software, called a "window manager", which contributed heavily to the look, feel, and behavior of a particular desktop GUI. Thus, while Xorg was agnostic and could be shared by different GUIs, with Wayland each GUI system must implement its own display server.
completely agree. I'm not going to raise a stink if a project uses something other than master but I will continue to use master.
Big TAM Founders, Small TAM Startups
technically speaking, you can crank up internal fan speed to eleven and get exhaust temperature slightly above current room temperature even if internals are way too hot. regular resistive heaters do that, with their heating elements fired up way past boiling water temperature
"What's one way to maximize your startup's chance of success? Be a big TAM founder working on a smaller TAM startup ... If your founder TAM is greater than your startup's TAM, you have a higher chance of engineering its success. You can trade TAM for control. How much, of course, is up to you."
The topics you're struggling with would be a great addition to the article, if only so that you can reread it later and check whether it had changed.
tl:dr an app connects to the Wayland compositor (like an X server) and sends it draw commands using the Wayland protocol. The compositor accepts these connections on a Unix socket, /run/user/1000/wayland-0 by default

The protocol is defined in the libwayland library. Most apps don't use libwayland directly, but their widget toolkit like GTK or Qt does it for them.
Each successive comparison is likely getting closer and closer to the truth.
The Zeitgeist of that time was an example of the reverse of orthodox privilege (as discussed in the article). Or so it seemed to me. As competing orthodoxies were actively fighting out in the open, each with their own powerful champions.

Meanwhile everyone who depends on a job to survive knows that there are opinions that you just don't bring up.

So it seems to me orthodox privilege, in the vein brought up by Graham, is really a subset of power privilege.
Singtel-owned Optus says massive Australia outage was after software upgrade
Read his bio. I bet he couldn’t hit the flag button fast enough.
> emergent property of complex-but-deterministic actions and reactions

I think you mean non-deterministic. The last century of physics was dominated by work showing how deterministic systems emerged from non-deterministic foundations. It seems that probability and statistics were the branches of maths behind everything. Who would have thought.
I disagree they're stochastic parrots, I find othello-gpt very convincing that these models can create world models and respond accordingly.
Nice article, great presentation.

However, it's a bit annoying that the focus of the AI anxiety is how AI is replacing us and the resolution is that we embrace our humanity. Fair enough, but at least to me the main focus in my AI anxiety is that it will take my job - honestly don't really care about it doing my shitty art.
At the same time, you can't build those skills without spending time understanding how the syntax works. Its much easier to plan projects when you know how they might actually be built. Otherwise you are faffing in the dark and will probably need someone who actually knows these things to hold your hand through the project.
1 zucchini is nothing. It shrinks a lot when fried for a while.
strange this gets downvoted. eating out is a big expense and i just wonder how people manage to limit that. for me it is very difficult.
layer8:

I don’t remember people interacting with computers as if they are human in the 1990s — at least the people who actually did interact with computers on a regular basis.

You:

CASA doesn't postulate that users in the 90s interacted with computers as if they were literally other humans.

The article:

The Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) theory is the most important theoretical contribution that has shaped the field of human–computer interaction. The theory states that humans interact with computers as if they are human, and is the cornerstone on which all social human–machine communication (e.g., chatbots, robots, virtual agents) are designed. However, the theory itself dates back to the early 1990s, and, since then, technology and its place in society has evolved and changed drastically.

Me:

Confused.
Some of us who believe that humans are at least partly statistical parrots have PhDs in relevant fields- for example, my PhD is in Biophysics, I've studied cognitive neuroscience and ML for decades, and while I think embodiment may very well be a necessary condition to reproduce the subjective experience of consciousness, I don't think "having a body and sensorimotor interactions are established as fundamental preconditions for cognition and in turn consciousness". Frankly I think that's an impractical question to answer.

Instead, I work with the following idea: it seems not unlikely that we will, in the next decade or so, create non-embodied machine learning models which simply can't be told apart from a human (through a video chat-like interface). If you can do that, who really cares about whether it's conscious or not?

I don't really think philosophy of the mind is that important here; instead, we should treat this as an engineering problem where we assume brains are subjectively conscious, but that's not a metric we are aiming for.
Owning high-value teams raises questions about the genuine spirit of competition, with potential investors perhaps overlooking the possibilities in smaller teams that could offer unique and rewarding experiences.
IIUC restitution comes via the vaccine injury compensation program (https://www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation) and is divorced from any preventative or punitive process applied to the manufacturer.

> my constitutional right to bringing civil suit

Um... Is that a Constitutional right? I don't see "civil suit" mentioned anywhere. You could, perhaps, claim it should be considered an always-on right as per common law in due process, except there's already a whole host of possible injuries one can sustain where there is no right to civil suit resulting, so I'm guessing SCOTUS has already at some point ruled that no such universal right exists, or that it's well within the purview of Congress to pass laws modifying / constraining / shaping said right.

Hell, you can't even sue the US government for misinforming you about geospatial data (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/456).
That’ll do Beast bus, that’ll do.
Relevant, but not sufficient. Often skewing to "directly misleading" in practice.
It appears to be a front end to OpenAI, so I don't think it can really be considered "open source", can it?
Yeah lua is a weird example because it’s actually amazing at this. Lua gives you a massive amount of control over what scripts can access.

It is much safer than pulling in an opaque C library that works via ffi. Eg a nodejs native module. Those are written in C and can indeed sell your data to North Korea. (Just like any other package in npm.)

I’m excited by the idea of being able to depend on 3rd party code without it having access to my entire OS.
We'll see! I came to this conclusion a long time ago but at the same time I do subjectively experience consciousness, which in itself is something a mystery in the material-reductionist philosophy.
steam tells me my play time is 2,779.2 hr

i got bored / sane after the first 10k SPM base, ~1,200hr. then i got into making "me" mods.
> You'd think that […]

As a stochastic parrot I'm unable to do that.
Ignoring the topic of the article, the artwork and design was fantastically done! Props to whoever designed it :)
Okay, good to hear on both counts. Thanks!
Ask HN: Is there still ORM hate these days?
If you prefer SQL, what are the ideal features you wish to have? Like editing SQL in a SQL editor, having object-relational data transformation abstracted away, etc.

If you don't like SQL, do you prefer to have only DAO/repository interface in your application and defer the implementation to backend or even to some other people?

Overall, do you think that we need a "better" solution than ORM? For example, something that is simple but allows us to handle complex objects. I am working on a solution for relational database access and trying to get directions. Your comments are really appreciated.
Is there not a distributed computing potential here like there was for crypto mining? Some sort of seti@home/boinc like setup where home users can donate or sell compute time?
Toddlers can learn, LLM "learning" is very limited (fixed-size context and expensive fine-tuning)
Back End from the Beginning
Then eat the blossoms before they turn into actual zucchinis. Mexicans have enough recipes to keep you busy for 4 months straight.
Did you teach your child to crawl? To laugh? To get excited?
They already did
https://platform.openai.com/docs/assistants/tools/knowledge-...
They want Apple to let people use SMS in Telegram. Not Telegram in Messages.
Except LLM's are built on neural networks. That are based on how neurons work. The first tech that actually copies aspects of us.
Oracle Linux packages GNU COBOL in their EPEL distribution. The package is mature.

https://www.gnu.org/software/gnucobol/

$ rpm -q gnucobol
gnucobol-3.2-1.el9.x86_64

$ rpm -qi gnucobol | tail -2
COBOL compiler, which translates COBOL
programs to C code and compiles them using GCC.

It will output intermediate C; one interesting thing is that the MOVE directive is mostly turned into memcpy().

I have been able to get the Oracle Pro*COBOL preprocessor to fully compile and run a demo database connection that connects to the "scott/tiger" schema and runs simple queries. Oracle packages both Pro*C and Pro*COBOL here (look for " Additional files for Pro*C and Pro*COBOL"):

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client....

It built with the two commands:

procob MODE=ANSI INAME=procobdemo.pco ONAME=procobdemo.cob
cobc -x -fixed procobdemo.cob /instantclient_21_12/cobsqlintf.o /instantclient_21_12/libclntsh.so

There is a similar "embedded SQL" implementation for PostgreSQL.

https://github.com/opensourcecobol/Open-COBOL-ESQL

There are a few other free COBOL compilers.

http://mainframeking.blogspot.com/2012/01/free-cobol-compile...
The value of my old beaters keeps going up.
I thought an interesting point was the liquid cooling -- unclear how important this is to them, but I'm guessing it means that they designed it with a TDP that requires liquid cooling.

This (wanting higher density) is the opposite of the trade-off that I was expecting. In my (limited and out of date) experience, power was the limiting factor before space, and I believe AI racks have very high power draws already.

I would have guessed this would be because larger nodes would be better for AIs tight communication patterns, but they specifically call out datacenter space as the constraint. Curious if anyone knows more about this
I don't think we're ever going to arrive at a satisfactory answer for where qualia comes from, for much the same reason it's impossible to test the quantum suicide hypothesis without actually putting yourself through it enough times to convince yourself statistically.

The only "real" evidence of qualia you have is your own running stream of it; you can try to carefully pour yourself, like a jug of water, into the body of another, and if you go carefully enough you may even succeed to carry that qualia-stream with you. But it's also possible that you pour too quickly, or that you get bumped in the middle of the pouring, and poof - the qualia is just gone. You're left with a p-zombie.

Or maybe not. Maybe it comes right back as soon as the transfer is done, like the final piece of a torrented movie. The important part is you won't know unless you try - and past success never guarantees future success. Maybe you just got lucky on the first pour.
Why does the video get cropped when you activate full-screen? Is this something that Chrome does automatically, or something in the CSS of the website? https://imgur.com/a/bZdZ2sl
Ask HN: What question would AI answer to demonstrate it thinks?
There is a raging debate about LLMs and AIs in general that do not distinguish between probabilistic word selection and thought. Everyone has a different standard. My favorite (which favors not thinking) is "What are the last 10 digits of Pi?" which will give you 10 digits (typically). Another is "Describe all security vulnerabilities in the following code." I'm curious though, what are your questions? The one you would ask that, when answered accurately, would make you pause and think that maybe there was something more here than guessing the next word.
You might like my userchrome script which is mostly about making the browser UI more compact and enabling multi-row tabs:
https://github.com/replete/firefox-userchrome
I don't believe it was intended to be satirical. The depth of worldbuilding and lore in Warhammer affords an immense opportunity for Games Workshop to actually do some kind of series like what was created with Attenborough's likeness. His voice is his main source of income for his estate nowadays, so it makes sense he doesn't want it replicated, especially without any permission being granted.
The sandheap is chaotic too - just one sand grain tumbling can be enough to start a landslip. But the end result tends not to depend on the minute details - if sand grain A didn't cause the landslip, then a few seconds later sand grain B would have.
> My bet: if it really becomes clear what capabilities an AI accelerator chip needs and lots of people want to run (or even train) AIs on their own computers, AI accelerators will appear at the market.

My bet: in 6 months jart will have models running on local or server, with support for all platforms and using only 88K of ram ;)
Yeah, that might be your business's decision, but every business will make different decisions. No matter what, if a timezone changes like that, you've got issues since you need to update the TZ database in the servers.

- you can shift the time to the new timezone if it is stored in UTC (this is effectively the same as storing them in local time). You still have impacted users to email.

- you can leave it unshifted. You still have impacted users to email.

No matter what, you have to communicate with users. The difference comes down to how much work you want to do and how much coordination you have.
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By the end of this journey, you'll have a fully functional blog, complete with a slick user interface and a seamless content editing workflow. So, gear up for an educational adventure that will enhance your web development prowess and potentially kickstart your blogging journey!
sigh

Neural networks are not based on how neurons work. They do not copy aspects of us. They call them neural networks because they are sort of conceptually like networks of neurons in the brain but they’re so different as to make false the statement that they are based on neurons.
Superficially examining the Clos Network article, if Factorio is amenable to creating such networks, then it seems like it would be possible to create some of the simpler neural network designs, such as shown here: [1] Maybe having something like a weighting of the resource density arriving at a certain location to change the output? From the mechanics I can see here [2] it looks like Mergers / Un-Mergers and three belt speeds could probably do density weighted decision making.

[1] https://www.asimovinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/N...

[2] https://wiki.factorio.com/Belt_transport_system#Splitters
Should happen on any browser. Try https://www.infiniteconversation.com/ instead.
Either side can change the rules.

But if the other doesn't agree, they part ways.
There may be other cool tricks that we haven't thought of too. No reason that we need to make things bigger and colonize the galaxy if we figure out something neat that is smaller instead! eg: Maybe we figure out that we can accelerate small telescopes to some significant fraction of the speed of light for an observation. Or perhaps we find some other neat physical phenomena to manipulate incoming light.

The cool thing about scientific and engineering progress is that we can't know what we will discover and develop. 200 years ago, we started having electric lamps. In just 100 years time, we have gone from computers being fringe and folly to them being integrated into places they don't even need to be for sheer convenience. Assuming humanity makes it another 100 years and continues to advance technologically, things we only dream of today could easily be so common-place that people can't imagine living in the current dark-ages of technology.

Also, 100 years is a cosmic blip! If we are thinking ahead to the point where we can't see things in the universe that we can see today, humanity itself will likely not be recognizable from our current vantage point... assuming it exists at all.
> Nationally, prisoners are paid a pretax hourly average wage of 52 cents, and in some states nothing

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/25/slavery-unit...

The objection is that it’s forced labor, meaning you’re subject to punishment if you don’t comply. Basically, slavery.
The lead author is Bonnie Collier from Apple, who was involved in aspects for scaling up Apple product innovation.

Article full text PDF:

https://redirect.cs.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/345/sprin...

Commentary by her coworker John Carter:

https://productmasterynow.com/blog/tei-172-apples-product-de...
What bugs and dying? Google assistant sucks, but thats about it. Dying?

Anyway, still too risky because of pegasus. I have secrets. I basically have 0 options.
Performance (Really) Matters by Emery Berger talks a lot about layout. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g1Acy5eGbE

And the topic of Coordinated Omission,
"How NOT to Measure Latency" by Gil Tene https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJ8ydIuPFeU

Injection slowness into an application to measure the relative impact of that portion of the application has really worked well for me.
This is asking if subjective meaning is objectively meaningful which, by definition, it isn't. Subjective meaning is choosing to find meaning in things even though they don't matter in the grand scheme of things.
I applaud the absurdity and playfulness.
Lossy compression + interpolated decompression = new information
Do we?

Humans can observe new information, but that's obviously not that unique. We can reason about existing information, creating new hypotheses, but that is arguably a compression of existing information. When we act on them and observe the effects they become information, but that's not us creating the information (and LLMs can both act on the environment and have the effects fed back to their input to observe, so it's not really unique).

There is this whole field of art, but art is constantly going through a mental crisis whether anyone is creating anything new, or if it's all just derivations of what has come before. Same with dreams, which appear "novel" but might just be an artefact of our brain's process that compresses the experiences of the day.
Because I want it to go viral? Especially when it's a new author, and I really want to support them. It's not just about finding good books for my friends, it's about finding customers for authors / creators I really enjoy.
There are a number of bacteria that have made the jump from animals to people so creating a huge breeding pool for very antibiotic resistant bacteria that have generated human viruses in the past seems like a poor choice.
Has any team ever benefitted from tracking metrics?
I see a lot of buzz about popular metrics frameworks like DORA, SPACE, etc. but I don't understand how that will translate to my productivity being a developer.

Just feels like another Big brother leading to the encouragement of wrong signals within my team.

Has your team been using any of these tools?
Go ahead and look at how the freeways are designed. Altadena to Silver Lake in about 20 minutes takes advantage of the fact the 2 is a stub freeway that only gets backed up when some catastrophic car accident happens. Its a huge region and driving across it seems daunting, but hardly anyone does that regularly. Average commutes are 30 minutes about the same as anywhere else. There's enough redundancy within the region where you rarely feel the need to venture out of your little 5-10 mile sphere of influence, since all your boxes are already checked within that bubble. Other cities its more common to be traveling back and forth across town, but there's no need for that here. You hardly need to leave your neighborhood most of the time.
I seriously doubt this was in any contract. It was most likely told to them, but not written down.
yes - but ... in the occam model that is not safe so it is not allowed
Let's not see exponentials everywhere either. It's not because things seem to be progressing very fast that exponentials are involved. More often than not they are logistic curves.
It's a hell of a cloud too. Geforce Now performs several times better than Microsoft's crappy offering, xCloud (or whatever it's called now).

Nvidia made some really amazing strides in the past few years, taking over cloud gaming where Onlive and Stadia utterly failed, making DLSS, etc.

I just hope they don't abandon us gamers for their AI stuff :( Probably the entire gaming market is way smaller than the potential AI market, just hopefully not too small to matter.
> software engineers feeling entitled to have an unfunded opinion on scientific disciplines outside of their own field of expertise

There's an XKCD about this behavior[0]. The title is actually "Physicists", but I also have seen it on HN (especially with psychology).

[0]https://xkcd.com/793/
Interestingly, when I used an .md extension, GPT would write python code to try to pull parts out to answer queries (which worked miserably), but when I used .txt (for the same files), it seemed to put it in the vector store.
This is a love letter to Ian Hubert for sure, but well done.