skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I am convinced this is a major contributor
to why so many Rails apps turn into an
unmaintainable mess over years.

I have two easy answers to why Rails apps turn into messes.

1. Any non-trivial app in any non-trivial language/framework usually becomes a mess eventually, given enough commits and developers

2. Rails (specifically, ActiveRecord) won't stop you from creating circular dependencies between models. This is easy to avoid, but it doesn't warn you about this or try to prevent it. So 99% of Rails apps have like, a User model that depends on (and is depended on by) most of the other models. This is far from a Rails- or ActiveRecord-specific issue though.

Who measures onboarding in hours?

You're right of course: that's a one-time cost. It's nice to optimize this but as you say, it's a one-time cost. Assuming a developer will spend multiple months or years working on the app, it would be better to optimize for the rest of that time.

However I think the standardization on MVC pays off here as well. For apps with multiple developer teams you may constantly be "onboarding" as you move between different areas of the app. And you can move forward with less bikeshedding.

And that's not fine because AR (as an architecture
and as how Rails implements it) is very unfit for a
large category of applications

I agree, although I also feel strongly that AR is very good at getting out of the way and letting you just use raw SQL when you want.

So IMO/IME it works well for scenarios where some of your data is AR/ORM friendly and some isn't.

Same with templates/views, JS, Caching, and many
more: you can -in theory- replace them with a
drop-in alternative

I can't agree. A lot of Rails projects use HAML instead of ERB and while I never set that up myself, I wasn't under the impression that it was a hassle.

Rails' caching backend has been seamless to swap between DB, Redis, in-process, and Memcached backends. As far as the caching "frontend", it's entirely optional, so I can't really imagine there is an obstacle to swapping it for something else? Like, you never have to use `Rails.cache`.

As for the JS side of things, I don't think I totally agree. There aren't drop-in alternatives, but you don't have to use Stimulus, and you can certainly use your own.

This makes all Rails apps look alike.

This is good in a lot of ways. Less bikeshedding more building. But, also... I have to admit. I am bored to tears with Rails. Happy to be working in another language/framework for the moment and possibly forever.
Letting the staff go absolutely ape-shit on the latest MFC that just refuses to print or scan correctly, once per quarter.
I would like some sort of law that requires all microphones to have an integrated LED.
I've started recently in a subset of the domain and I feel that there is very strong potential in quantum computing, but there are still very important fundamental problems that have not been solved, so I believe that the hype comes too early.

There are very interesting algorithms that run on existing quantum machines. They are quite specialized (don't expect to run a quantum videogame any time soon, but expect to be able to simulate large physical systems or networks or power grids, etc.) but such algorithms could, if we had a sufficient number of stable qbits, solve problems that require entire datacenters, faster and with machines that require only a few times the energy of a desktop PC. However, no machine has a sufficient number of stable qbits, and it's currently unclear how to build machines that both have sufficient qbits and can run the same algorithms.

In a way, we're currently where traditional computing was in the early 50s. There is a feeling that all the difficult problems have been solved and the race is on between ~40 companies to be the first to build such machines. Everybody's marketing department claims to have the solution (or even to have working machines that can run these algorithms), but to the best of my knowledge, nobody has demonstrated them. There is a feeling that quantum computing will change the world. But I doubt it will happen overnight.
One team is told they're building software to help students record their classes on automated basis (based on time/location). Another team repurposes that code into an API that can be added to random mobile games for chatting with other players. Nobody really ever knows where their code is ending up, and nobody ever directly built the functionality knowing its intended purpose.
Because after paying in full for it, it's your decision what to do with it. Compress it into a steel cube, sell it, drive it.
Submitters: "Please use the original title, unless it is misleading or linkbait; don't editorialize."

This is in the site guidelines: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
This is a marketing page. It's unclear what the company claims it's actually doing on a technical level, and for that matter whether it's basically snake oil.

While it's interesting (and ominous) if there's anything substantial behind their claims, without any technical details or real substance this is a bad fit for an HN submission, and I've flagged it as such.
The problem is that peak load is when solar (and typically, wind too depending on the geography) is producing its lowest output. So if you fulfill this demand with nuclear, then you've just made your wind and solar irrelevant because nuclear is just as cheap to run around the clock.

This is why proponents of a primarily wind and solar grid are assuming that hydrogen, compressed air, or something else will make storage nearly-free.
At best, the audience data it claims to have is from the lowest of the low common denominator who never use security/privacy settings and leave admin/admin turned on on their routers.

I can't imagine this targeting is possible for all devices but I've been surprised deep diving into apple dev specs to find out there is always a workaround..

Apple notifications allow device location tracking for example (yes even if location services turned off).
It's less in ice.

It's also probably more in circulation. Way more. But it almost certainly also means that water will circulate through different places, making sure you have both catastrophic floods and droughts.
Hmmm smells fake.

But if not, the EU will solve this, I hope
I'm not sure where you live but you want intelligence agencies to be less effective? There are numerous complaints to make against intelligence agencies but I don't know if I want them to be worse. I just want them to operate within the law and be morally sound.
Biodiversity generates stability
I can't wait for them to end up inside a product sold in the EU. The GDPR enforcement would be entertaining to watch if they bring this argument.
I expect you have 3M lobbying on the other side of the issue in the interest of post-it sales.
So then is software a branch of math, or a branch of philosophy?
Reminds of a quote from The Magnus Archives

> And I could. More than anyone else on Earth, he said, because of my expertise. That knowledge I had gained in defiance of the dark could finally be put to use. I was to create a focus, a black star, a new centerpoint around which a universe of purest darkness could turn. To take dark matter, dark energy, and harness it, bring it forward into a form that could be held, used… worshipped.

> Scientifically, it was nonsense, of course. Dark energy and the like don’t work like that, not even remotely. But that wasn’t important. What mattered was that it felt like science, and that was all I needed; to do my work, to create the black star, would need a parody, an aping mockery of science. But it would also need the deepest of darknesses.

I think it can only be a good thing if AI breaks all our bullshit detectors and forces us to actually establish roots of trust and make science independently verifiable.
DFT uses the Kohn-Sham approximation which is single particle and is a ground state theory. There’s definitely been research along the lines you bring up in quantum chemistry but not in DFT. You want to look at the Levy-Lieb density and maybe some of Mazziotti’s papers
I was 8 years old when I realized there is no god and I'm going to die and just disappear into nothingness and all I'd done and will ever do would mean nothing anymore. I told my parents and they tried to keep the happy story of heaven and all that going, but I just never could believe any of it no matter how much I wanted to. I can't imagine what I would tell a child since I don't have religion; I think it's a quite important component that I am simply unable to participate in. Plus college expenses are only going up and it seems pretty grim for the kids if they don't go.
Yeah, in the ones I've read the characters themselves are eating the soup and commenting on how good it is! It's funny, but I can well see how an author might not be amused by advertisers putting words in their characters' mouths.
I don’t mean they outwardly proclaim they don’t want to be agile, no one would be foolish enough to do that. Who doesn’t want better software, faster anyhow?

What I mean is that observed shop floor behaviour will override the ideal or espoused agile ways of working, time and time again.
They should make their campaign more targeted using their own tools.

"Hey, we know that you are the head of marketing of xyz, and we overheard that you are just discussing budget. We have a great idea for you..."

No doubt this will work well.
Perhaps, but Cox Media Group is a pretty fair sized company, and its parent, Cox Enterprises, is a giant. This isn't some company made up to push this specific service.
come on, they've been doing this kind of stuff for years.

The system search used to go to amazon.

There is lots of messy forced upgrade stuff in the os.

If you try to apt-get remove ubuntu-advantage-tools, it will cripple your system.

the motd-news system does a lot of silly stuff under the covers, with plenty of contact with canonical's servers.
Putin's whole system is enforced through limiting civil liberties, murdering people he doesn't like, and other behavior that is widely considered abhorrent. I don't really see how you can learn much from the other parts of the system without considering the foundation they are built on.
This is probably a new way of a Indian dev hub to sell their services.
Don't joke about it. I actually think that I've seen this claim somewhere.
It is a moral principle that websites should mostly use HTML. This is not because it's the easiest way to build websites and certainly not because it's the best way to make lots of money. It's because it ensures everyone can use the same web and gives the user agent as much power as possible to act on the user's behalf.
That's the point, nothing of the sort is happening. One of the most competent state actors in this area finds cruise missiles to be far more effective than your imaginary doomsday scenarios of cyber attacks. It's just not a thing.
That's a little defensive, wouldn't you say?
Yes, of course - this is the only fair solution IMO, but I didn't even feel it. After that period, I asked my employer (and several others) for the same arrangement but nobody wanted to agree, they all want me to make more money and work more whereas I want to earn less money and work less. But if someone is lucky enough to get it, I wholeheartedly recommend it. I felt like fully enjoying my life.
I think it's very plausible but it would require first a ton of training data cleaning using existing models in order to be able to rework existing data sets to fit into that more narrow paradigm. They're so powerful and flexible since all they're doing is trying to model the statistical "shape" of existing text and being able to say "what's the most likely word here?" and "what's the most likely thing to come next?" is a really useful primitive, but it has its downsides like this.
I knew that was true across long distances. I didn't realise the water table could be high above sea level at point A, lower at point B, and yet points A and B could still be close enough to each other to manually dig a tunnel between them.
A co-worker+spouse are traveling to Europe for a concert, because it's about the same price w/ airline tickets.
I do not think this is really true. At some point you know what's happening. At least partially.

People/society is like that, people do this for $$$
Intellectual rigor regarding Ross from the Friends TV show?

That seems to be taking things a bit too seriously.
Would training data injection be the next big threat vector with the 2 tier approach?
There really is no difference. Either there is utility or there isn't. "Fake" intelligence that produces results is just something that does not make any sense.

LLMs may be worse but Humans confidently state something they are uncertain about all the time lol. Maybe not experts in general but then that's still comparing LLMs to a small percentage of humanity.

At any rate, Unlike many seem to think, The issue is not in fact the lack of ability to distinguish truth and fact from fiction. Turns out being able to distinguish the two and having the incentive to communicate that are 2 different things.

GPT-4 logits calibration pre RLHF - https://imgur.com/a/3gYel9r

Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedback - https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14975

Teaching Models to Express Their Uncertainty in Words - https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.14334

Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know - https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05221

The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets - https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06824
I think WAF is really a bigger set of tools now (bot protection, IP reputation, L7 DDoS/rate limiting, API restrictions) than just signatures. Virtual patching is also incredibly important and there's really no other security tool that gives you the granularity to restrict something like the values of some param on a specific path of your app, but only when some cookie exists.

I don't think the performance concerns here are accurate. I think these days most people are using vendors own cloud infra (Akamai, Cloudflare, F5, Imperva, etc), but even if you are using WAF on-prem, F5 and Imperva sell purpose built hardware that have no problem handling tons of requests. Most WAF's also have weighted signatures these days and won't just fire on ${jndi. "${jndi" might give 5pts, while "org.apache.*" gives another 5, and maybe their threshold is set for 10 for blocking.

I have plenty of issues with WAF's and I would invest a lot more in developer training, but I think they still have their place.
I'm not sure why you picked physics as an example which probably is the single field where the most principles were developed from mimicking practice and observation, aerodynamics included.
I know someone that would find security holes in random company sites and email them about it. They never asked for money.

Most of the time, the company sent an angry response with threats of calling the police. I always thought this was stupid.

I would never look for security vulnerabilities on a company site, unless I'm hired to do so. The main issue is that you have no idea if what you are doing will affect a production sites.
Analysis of PRNG's is difficult and very important:

https://www.pcg-random.org/posts/does-it-beat-the-minimal-st...
There are … a few errors in the post?

> Scheme: (always present, not always visible)

Schemes are required by the URI/URL's grammar. I'm not entirely sure what "always present, not always visible" even means … those would seem to be synonyms. Perhaps we could infer "not always visible" to mean that there's some implied default … but there's not, not for a URI/URL. (For a relative-ref, yes.)

> Path: (always present)

… but this blows our implied default theory above out of the water. Paths are not always present: "https://google.com" is a valid URL, with no path. (One could say it implies "/", but … see the above.)

> It is recommended to place IPv4 and IPv6 addresses into brackets:

It is definitely not "recommended" … it's malformed to put IPv4 addresses in brackets, and it's mandatory for IPv6 addresses.

Just read the RFC? https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986

> Host: (always present, not always visible)

I'm trying to think of how you could have a URL without a host "visible". The network location is like the defining feature of a URL, vs. a URI.

But if a URI lacks a host, it's not just "not visible", again, there's no implied default there. "Host" might not even make sense, depending on the scheme.
Agreed. One size does not fit all. It's just the hope that options like Khan Academy are made truly viable for those who are well served by such options.
In his email signature he writes that he is a "Microsoft Regional Director". Even thought that is formally correct, in practice it is highly misleading, because it alludes that he works for Microsoft at the highest C/Director level, while in reality he is a mere advisor and this is a vanity title he got.

This is very sleezy behavior and way worse than the guy he criticized did.
It's legit, it's part of Cox Media which is headquartered in the same building as this company. Although I think maybe this page wasn't supposed to be published yet.
But why would someone care about that
Obviously a soccer mom taking her bus load of kids somewhere would ruin the bluetooth use case. I never did hear more about how they would actually do it. I just met someone randomly at a holiday gathering a couple of years ago that said that was something his company was working on. The conversation just didn't allow for follow up.
There are some very good frameworks out there for doing things like these:

- ESPHome
- Home Assistant

You can a build a device like this, often without writing one line of code, with ESP32 firmware updates over the air from a web UI.

I wish those ESP chips/mini boards had Zigbee. You can get much better connectivity on a Zigbee network than on wifi in a typical deployment, where every mains powered Zigbee device also acts as a router.
How many people need to design new models from scratch though
You're absolutely wrong on a number of points. A SoC stands for "system on a chip", it refers to a single die (if you want to get pedantic, there are multi-die packages but this does not apply here) package, a "bare chip" if you will.

https://www.espressif.com/en/products/socs/esp32

The ESP32 is a SoC. It's available in QFN packaging (Quad Flat Pak No Lead).

The ESP32 is available included with a number of "modules" (and of course devkits). These modules are designed for production use and it can be economical to do so. You clearly don't have the foggiest idea about these product lines so don't seem to be in a good position to comment on the economics.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP32
It's an interesting idea and I'm generally in favor of more social housing. I'd be even more in favor of it not being needed at all.

When market rent would be 1,200 yet you pay 800, somebody is paying for that 400. Typically the government, thus tax payers, and it will be subject to political turbulence. Ideally you want so much supply that the market value rent would be 800, as your idea illustrates.

The problem, at least over here, is that the naked price is still very high even without any profit motive. Land is expensive because cities are funded by that. And building that home really does cost 150-200K.

I'm sure you can find some 50K of wiggle room, but at the end of the day it's still going to cost 350K and rent/mortgage will reflect that.
Seems… a little misleading to me. Cyberpunk’s central technical element is without a doubt the cybernetics.
Two reasons:

1. I never need to recalculate the hash in order to find the preferred bucket.

2. The BLP invariant is that entries are strictly ordered by hash code (Robin Hood can actually be reformulated in terms of the same invariant, but it's less efficient because entries with the same preferred bucket can only reside at or after that bucket rather than before, at, or after it). This allows you to view a hash table as just a sorted array with gaps, and hash table lookup as interpolation search.
glad i was on the same page with you, and not like everyone else making assumptions about your hearing ability!! =)
> "We should sign and verify all our dependencies"

pypi: "YOLO, let us deprecate signatures!"
Making better people is the only way to make a better world.
The plans generated by the system you describe would be very workload and requirement-dependent.

As you stated:

"Because each of these systems have different demands on cpu/memory/disk/network, they are inherently unequal in their effect. It is analogous to a recipe generator that spits out a recipe for a given number of people, where different components scale differently in terms of amounts and cooking time."

I do not think there is a good way to design such a system for a general use case, but it might be possible to build an expert system (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system) for some specific use cases using well understood infrastructure patterns.

For example, you might have a recipe for a database-backed website that can handle given amounts of throughput and has best practice configurations for scaling, data backup, failover, etc.

It seems like a tough problem for the general case, but doable for "typical" business use cases.
In my experience with SoX, the auditors are very junior fresh out of college. They check boxes and move on.
In some CPUs that may be true, but in many there are dedicated SHA instructions that amount to a SHA ASIC in the CPU.

AES units are even more common. Most non-tiny CPUs have them these days.
im my mums only son...its not just improbable, but anybody who ever had a chance of being so is not here to explain it
Under a certain angle, Apple has become NeXT, dropping MacOS Classic, and co-opting CEO from NeXT (who happened to be Steve Jobs).
That seems like a perverse incentive. "Those who get As become low-wage adjuncts and those who get Cs end up with some of the highest salaries in the country". Feels like getting an A is a good way to end up nowher
I think that's a bit unkind to ASP.NET ;-)

But yes, Spring and the various Java equivalents probably also fit the bill.
> I can go an make it using Ruby on Rails all on my lonesome

Sure can. However I won't pretend it's the only framework you can do this with and be productive. I love Rails and Ruby but it has great competitors these days.

> Do I have to deal with JavaScript in any way?

Really depends on what you're doing but probably.
If it clearly takes longer, how could it possibly be better?
What are the common types of food waste that can be feed to insects but not directly to farmed animals?
How the U.S. Lost High-Skilled Workers to Canada [video]
There's no need for conspiracy theories when there's a clear and mundane explanation. The PR push for a new book generated a lot of interest which has resulted in a number of articles and conversations. That's it. At some point the cycle will move on and attention on Dalio will settle back near the level it was at a year ago.
The problem with saying we need to treat LLM as untrusted is that many people really really really need LLM to be trustworthy for their use-case, to the point where they're willing to put on blinders and charge forward without regard.
I did not throw away any common-sense definitions. I never denied that the message is sent encrypted, i.e. is encrypted in transit. That is entirely irrelevant here though, since MS will be able to decrypt the message because they specifically are the recipient of that encrypted message and therefore will have it in plain text. If you do not see a problem with that you are free to comment your mail credentials here; they will be encrypted so that shouldn't be a problem, right?