skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Table of Contents

1. Recursion
2. Backtracking
3. Dynamic Programming
4. Greedy Algorithms
5. Basic Graph Algorithms
6. Depth-First Search
7. Minimum Spanning Trees
8. Shortest Paths
9. All-Pairs Shortest Paths
10. Maximum Flows & Minimum Cuts
11. Applications of Flows and Cuts
12. NP-Hardness

Each chapter has more detailed subsections in the full TOC, but this gives an overall outline.
October 2023 Rust Jobs Report
Who I'm sure actually is informed, but in this particular case is tweeting things that do honestly sound like one of the uninformed commentators pclmulqdq mentioned. I'm not sure why, since as tptacek said, blake3 is good and maybe even preferable on it's own merits without venturing into FUD territory. And if you still wanted to get into antiquated design arguments, picking on SHA256's use of a construction that allows length extension attacks seems like more fair game.
Open-Source Tokenizer Visualizer
It's huge. I recommend visiting it, and, zip-lining across the lakes. It's a sight.
I need to read the full paper now, but going from just the table you posted, I see a problem with their "Narrow" classification, in that it doesn't correct for task characteristics and obscurity - which means the "Narrow" rating isn't useful without also giving the specific task to which it applies, and overall it feels off.

I mean, they put GPT-4 ("SOTA LLMs") for a subset of tasks at Level 2N, a spell checker at Level 3N, and chess and Go solvers at Levels 4N and 5N. It feels to me that any useful grading scheme would give the opposite ordering. Sure, the current classification meets their definitions - "outperforms X% humans" - but at least with chess and Go, the rating is dominated entirely by the fact that very few people play these games at non-joke level, and the activity itself is super specific, and super narrowly scoped, mathematically speaking. Feels almost like calling CPUs Level 5N at "adding numbers together", since they clearly outperform 100% of humans at that. Or, much less jokingly, one could convincingly argue a PID controller is Level 5 Narrow, because not only it's going to be outperforming 100% of humans at its task, it's also learning and adapting (within its operational envelope).
Ok, it's unclear to me, what is your proposal? I should wait? Or something else? :)

For example, I could design case for 3D printing. Or develop app (possible mobile, possible desktop).
I watched the first few episodes myself, and I could do with a lot less "here's where we've been so far, and here is our goal", more wild ride, like the original.

It's still fun, though.
At least Gotham City has someone working to fix things
Why did this get nuked? I’m no expert on the region, but it seemed about as unbiased of an opinion on the conflict as is currently possible.

If there are members of the community that feel strongly about this article misrepresenting something I’d be very interested in hearing those points of view to help educate myself.
This is like saying "Don't have a network-based firewall, because Google figured out zero-trust".

There are absolutely ways to do things that we should look to for inspiration, but the harsh reality is that legacy software, legacy teams and regulations mean we must (and often should) continue using security-team-maintained chokepoints for Internet-exposed services.

If there were to become some standard API gateway tool that is clearly auditable, with obvious IAM/permissions to specific database sections for each API call, then maybe that could be used in lieu of a WAF. The point is, regulators and Infosec need to have a tool or process in-line (physically, like a WAF or firewall) or procedurally (such as analysis and checkpoints in a CI deployment) to ensure a business application is secure.
Are you able to sue them in small claims court? If not, why not?
In the case where a system splits and one area is 6.3 GW in deficit how is an inverter going to conjure up that power?

The only thing that can help in that case is batteries.

98% of the power plants I’ve been to run the voltage regulator in voltage control mode with 5% droop. Solar and wind farms can do that too, and I am sure it is required by the system operators to allow them to connect.

If grid operators want more or less reactive power they call us and tell us to change our voltage setpoint on our plants. Can’t they do the same with solar and wind? The grid operator does not need real time control of the setpoint since the control loop responds in real time.
Zelle's usability is entirely down to your bank's app. I've seen both atrocious and pretty usable integrations.

Other than that, Zelle has one huge advantage over the competition: The money is available in the recipient's bank account immediately. Venmo, Cash App etc. charge quite a bit of money for instant payouts.
I've found that the most effective way to secure a webserver is to just block any IP that pounds on the default vhost by IP. No WAF, no fuss.

After a few months of building up a denylist, I get almost zero hits from scanners and spambots.

https://gist.github.com/noahbailey/474922b752ee733d639c91e27...

https://nbailey.ca/post/block-scanners/
I have.

Violent crime is rampant in NYC. Just a few examples from this year:

https://abc7ny.com/bodega-shooting-upper-east-side-fatal-rob...

https://nypost.com/2023/10/05/suspect-18-arrested-for-random...

https://nypost.com/2023/09/03/man-shot-dead-during-attempted...

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=y7DbenLbA1E
Absolutely not. The clawback mechanism will work on scales of a few days, weeks perhaps. Retroactive for years? No way in hell.
Animal proteins and fats are not fungible.

If you habitually eat large quantities of non-digestible insect proteins like chitin, it will in all likelihood severely damage your digestive system. Insects also have an extremely unfavorable protein:fat ratio, and any supplemental fat is likely to be other industrial fats like rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, etc. which have extremely poor chemical properties like {S,MU,PU}FA ratios.
Boy this really doesn’t help SF’s image. Glad they’re okay, though. As a local, and like the article mentions, I feel embarrassed and somehow responsible for stuff like this. It’s so sad to me that they came here with an open mind to see what SF is really like and this happens.
It's a start.

I think "general" needs to be more than a boolean though: The standard "wide range of non-physical tasks, including metacognitive abilities like learning new skills" is met by ChatGPT (as in the chart), which is much better in some languages than others, and at some tasks than others.

But how wide does it have to be to count as "wide"? A brain upload of any human ought to count, but most of us have much less breadth than any LLM.
Ok, that last bit was a bit over the line. I'm sure whoever created this was just trying to be helpful. I got over-enthusiastic about criticizing Common Core and went too far. Sorry.
How do you handle requests with obvious malicious intend like „/wp-admin/„ on a Java service?

Do you ignore these kind of mass/spam requests? Do you block those requests? I‘m curious.
Gen Z employees discovered the secret to getting a bigger raise–switch jobs
Show HN: Pimp My GPT – Free community tailored for GPT builders
Click through to the megabezel website - there’s a few examples there. I agree that it’s pretty compelling!
All of that is possible with plain old REST APIs as well. For example, FastAPI and pydantic will do this sort of parsing and validating at the application edge.
I’m fine with this.

Video evidence is proof of truth.

Is there a danger of privacy intrusion or misinterpretation of evidence akin to https://martinfowler.com/articles/bothersome-privacy.html ? Yes. Fortunately, no surveillance is absolute.
The Fed is terrified Americans could get used to high inflation
Their captcha is dreadful too.
I implemented that in Objective-C when the iPhone was new-ish. It was a fun demo on a touch screen. It was surprising how well it worked for how simple it was.
https://github.com/ddunkin/dollar-touch
There's nothing that stops Zelle from doing further diligence around a $10,000 fraud, the police report is just there to significantly raise the barrier for a fraudster disputing charges.

It's tough to do fraud at scale when you have to show up to a police station, give them all your info, and leave a detailed paper trail.
People see the problem, they have been complaining for decades.

The issues are manifold:

- the Panama Canal has already been built at the shortest site possible, dito for the Suez Canal

- constructing a new canal is (virtually) impossible due to the enormous amounts of rock you'd have to move on the Panama side - there's a reason why the existing canal is raised so much above sea level

- both Egypt and Panama lack the financial resources to construct a new canal or meaningfully expand the existing ones, and public funding from the Rest of World isn't really there either

- the impact to nature is just as massive, which makes that a no-go for environmental reasons - why destroy so much of nature just for even more cheap trinkets from China?

- climate change is looming to kill off polar ice, which would enable ships to use polar transit routes without icebreakers and significantly impede the business of the canals
I did not state a definite answer, they did. So they should be able to back it up.

Also, it’s possible to prove some negatives. Mostly though the definitions of terms.
> Nearly all of the purposes for these flywheels could equally be met with existing infrastructure with software only changes.

While that's true, sometimes it's easier to have a single-purpose infrastructure, so that you don't have conflicting requirements.

For example, if a wind farm needs to feather its turbines due to excessive wind (which could damage the turbines), that could conflict with a simultaneous objective for frequency regulation.
Then you continue: "You can't use $1 to..."

The ambiguity never leaves. It's an absolutely unnecessary overhead that demands more than any other name I have ever encountered.
Thousands of people died in the construction of the Panama Canal.
With the success of internet/search/gpt and package managers, these are the sorts of things that are good to know exist and have various space/time bounds but otherwise easy to look up. Some of the subsections and applications are probably good to see how a fundamental algorithm can be used different ways.

Most of my thinking time is at a higher (not deeper) level where it's mapping a problem to selected datastructures/algorithms and program design, putting the pieces together in a manageable way.
> because all the rules have been pushed out.

Can you unpack this a little please? Is it possible to ELI5 the mechanisms involved that can "push" a rule set out? I would have assumed the rules apply globally/uniformly across the entire prompt
I totally agree (also originally a Rails dev). And with Typescript and Remix I get type safety and auto complete from the database layer (Prisma) all the way to the React UI. It’s amazing.
That sounds neither possible nor desirable. Just think of all the energy and time proof of work cryptocurrencies need. You want to expand that to unthinkable levels. Let’s say you have a list of fifty names, first and last, and want to get only the last names. You compute one result and store it. If you change a single letter, the first computation is of no use and you need to redo it all and waste more space. Most operations would be slower, even, because now you need to wait for a network request for every little thing, wasting resources looking in a database, and the overwhelming majority will return nothing. And think of how many powerful computers you’d need to run such a service all the time for everyone.
As the saying goes, knowledge is knowing onions and tomatoes are fruits; wisdom is not putting them in a fruit salad.

(And of course the whole issue is bullshit - it stems from us using words that are kinda, but not quite, genotype classifiers, in contexts where we want phenotype classifiers. Tomato is a fruit, but does not go with fruit salad. A whale is a mammal, but you use a fishing ship to hunt for it, etc. There are grasses you cut with a chain saw, and trees you cut with a lawn mower. Plenty of legacy descriptors in common language.)
I though it was being compared to waiting in line. I get it now.
Gortex?
Some studies indicated this resistance was tied to the amount of redundancy in DNA. https://elifesciences.org/articles/21864 talks about how elephants have 20 versions of the tumor suppressor gene TP53. So it is statistics, and some animals evolved defenses.
Who cares about my ancestors? I never understood that or the whole 'leaving a legacy' bit. Just want to live my life and fade away like I was never there.
This is my personal opinion but any developer building software that runs on the public Internet should not need to be incentivized to care about security.

It's a fundamental part of the job.
Aqara makes a mmWave presence sensor https://www.aqara.com/us/product/presence-sensor-fp2
Since I'm being downvoted,... what I'm suggesting is that it's going in a downwards trend.

Edit: The chart is going in a downwards trend.
There is perhaps room for a new player to enter the market, but I think the correct path would be to direct that effort towards improving Debian as a whole. It's truly one of the greatest open source projects in existence.
If a celebrity spoke out on this issue, wouldn’t that basically just result in the tabloid press responding with a campaign of “Hmm, what does he/she have to hide?” No surprise if people who already find it hard to live a private, peaceful life don’t want to invite that on themselves.
Sure, but no one uses the reals anyway for 'constructible' things. As I pointed out, the computable reals themselves form a closed field and are the things you would find when describing real life.

As for the 'problem'... I personally don't view it that way. In my opinion (and it's just that, since there's no mathematical 'truth' here), I don't believe non-computable reals exist in any meaningful way. I believe this is similar to how we talk about a 'program that can check if another one halts'. Anyone can make that statement and claim that such a thing exists, but it's not at all clear that such a thing exists. But that's a lot different than saying there are X particles in the universe, thus the number X + 1 does not exist. Because x + 1 does exist and you can write a turing machine that can compute it to any precision (or a lambda calculus function that'll give you the next church encoded representation of it, etc).

My point is two fold. Firstly that there are certainly numbers that are greater than the total number of 'stuff' in the universe. Secondly, that there are some numbers that cannot be described in any meaningful way. These can be said to not exist (my belief), but others disagree.
RIP free money transfer is what that means - the service can't be both free and liable for people falling for scams.
> The problem is that peak load is when solar (and typically, wind too depending on the geography) is producing its lowest output

How do you figure that? Residential time of use prices are highest at mid-day. Power use is lower at night, even with higher demand for heating in the winter.[1]

> So if you fulfill this demand with nuclear, then you've just made your wind and solar irrelevant because nuclear is just as cheap to run around the clock.

Given the above, if your nuclear fleet only supplies enough power for nighttime then by definition it lacks the capacity to support peak demand.

1. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=42915
That is what I was thinking as well - Zelle is dependent on the bank that issues it, and perhaps banks popular in some places do it better. I use Chase and the experience is fine, but for the slight friction it introduces, I prefer my bank be involved and directly receive the money.
My apologies for misjudging your motivation. I was a gold medalist in the Conclusion Jump in 2012. But, yes, throwaway money gets spent on things I might not otherwise buy. A Tesla is Just Another Car, nothing special. I have one of those already, just in Hyundai form, don’t need another one. Hence the Ferrari with all its impracticality.

Back to the original post I replied to: the money I made on TSLA wasn’t “free”, it represents opportunity cost if nothing else (I could’ve purchased the car I really wanted instead). And hence no Tesla for me. But if I had purchased 10x of those early Tesla shares…I’d still buy the Ferrari, and get groceries in the Hyundai. :-)
Here's a good way to identify how entity-dense your text is: https://demo.nl.diffbot.com/
I do something like that for my home assistant: I have a few shelly smart plugs that can scan BLE. They filter for apple watches and send the MAC and RSSI to my home assistant where a small neural net then tries to detect the location within my apartment. It works better than I expected given the high variance of signal strength, even when standing still.
I was able to browse google and youtube source code in the very very early days. Was only patched when I called up a friend and let him know. And I tried to submit the flaw through normal channels of a supportless technology company but you can guess how well that went...
Which of the listed items is not practical? This is all routine police business.

Having the resources and political will to respond is a separate matter entirely, but that has virtually nothing to do with the importance of treating gunfire as an emergency.
I always imagine people looking at weather patterns and change of land over time to bet on yields. But that price tag of a photo... if nobody bought their images I guess they could crunch the data themselves/sell that.

There are also the free images you can download yourself via SDR.
The usual answer is your WAF blocks them and then you write a report counting it in the cyber attacks blocked by the WAF, proving it saved the company.
“And doesn’t accept user input” is basically what you outlined there with your section about API shape.
I hate all of them. They all let people get away with scams (just different ones), and give no shits about their customers as long as they are taking fuckloads of your money.
I think they make a category error by putting ChatGPT etc in the General column. As far as I can tell we only have narrow definitions of 'intelligence' and ChatGPT falls into one of those. I don't know of a general agreement on what 'General Intelligence' is in people, so how can we categorise anything is AGI? Knowing a bit about how ChatGPT works I feel it is a lot more like a chess program than a human.
And even then they haven't been great at making games over the long term. To the extent that they have now pivoted to buying whole publishers with well established multi-billion dollar portfolios.
Once the money is frozen you could go straight to small claims court for those $10k disputes. Anything bigger call the lawyers.
There are lots of problems for which algorithms (with no data/learning required) are trivially superhuman, in the sense that they perform tasks no human could hope to do. AlphaFold is not 'only' an algorithm, as it also needs data to perform well. But this doesn't seem like a satisfactory reason to call AlphaFold "ASI" and not apply this term to your run-of-the-mill mixed-integer-program-solver for some difficult scheduling problem.
20% of Millennials and 68% of Gen Z-ers still live with other family members
I do agree lightweight cloud WAFs can have positive ROI. You have to be realistic about their capabilities however and what you can expect from a part-timer managing one.

You end up choosing between a heavyweight "advanced" WAF (either cloud or on-prem) that requires lots of tuning and response, which most orgs can't do properly, or a lightweight cloud WAF with vendor rules that doesn't do much but hey at least it's easy to look after.

Re: enterprise WAF maintenance, I know this is anecdotal but I was a pentester for 10 years and I could count the "non-dysfunctional enterprise WAF setups" I saw on one hand. Were you in a role where you talked to the staff who looked after them or dealt with the alerts? Often the org lacked the insight to understand there was a problem. "We bought the magic security box, we applied the patches, what's the issue?"
Where are you hearing this from? The article claims no such thing: It suggests that banks will attempt clawing back the money in case of disputes.

That obviously can't be the entire truth, though – unless there's some mechanism to arbitrate claims, it would effectively make Zelle unusable for many of its current uses.
Is there a good book for learning ML Linear Algebra? I've taken linear algebra math courses in uni and most of it went in and out one ear.

I'm looking for a book that helps me understand ML algebra, so that when I read research papers I'm not just lost and nodding my head aimlessly. Such a book may not exist, maybe it's a group of books, but if ANYONE would have pointers in this direction, I would be in your debt
Archive with full text of article: https://archive.ph/yl4DQ
Reading your comment with the linked project in mind, I started thinking about the idea of a “glove holding a sphere” sort of control system: the glove is the substrate for the ArUco codes, but the sphere could contain the accelerometers, but could also contain gyroscopes to provide inertial feedback? I don’t know anywhere enough about either technology but I imagine controlling a ship in 3d space would be a constant fight against inertia, and it would be awesome to feel that.
I agree. I use an Apple ANSI Magic Keyboard, MacBook Pro with Swedish layout, and a Keyboardio Atreus on a regular basis, and I can switch between them without trouble.

There’s definitely a bit of an adjustment period when I (re)introduce a keyboard into the rotation, but I can get back to proficiency within a day or two, and then I don’t notice it at all.
The difference is 'at gunpoint'. London and Qatar links are about cases when someone just run away with the bag or sneaked items from the bag. Memphis, Chicago and this SF incident - all were at gunpoint.

I can easily imagine that one can be robbed in Prague as well. At gunpoint? Unlikely.

These guns were probably not legal. But thing is that when legal guns are omnipresent, obtaining illegal one is easier.
There are "dumb TVs" - https://www.tomsguide.com/how-to/how-to-buy-a-dumb-tv-and-wh...

I have latest LG OLED and I would have hapilly paid more for to get it without smarts built in. Using it with attached Apple TV and the experience is sublime when compared to the builtin crap.
It's not about competency but the fundamental nature of WAFs. It's like using a regular expression to sanitize input parameters you concatenate into a SQL query, except you also can't make it specific to the SQL dialect used. It doesn't matter how competent you are or how much money you spend on engineering the regular expression.
It is a classic for a reason. Consider watching "Corner Office". It is not in the same category and frankly it is a little weird, and the jokes are a hit or miss, BUT.. there are moments that capture office life a little too well.