skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There is not one silver bullet or even hundred or thousands of bullets that are going to magically re-engineer 1/5 of the US economy. Measuring costs is really hard, measuring outcomes is even that much harder -- maybe more or less impossible in the aggregate.

The heart of the question comes back to what you actually want to fix. I don't know you. A lot of people would just like to pay less for the thing they currently receive which is a nice sentiment but often hard to resolve. A large set of those people are actually upset because they have been led to believe they are paying a lot more than other people for the same thing, which I do not believe to be actually true.

One solution that does seem palatable to a lot of people, not me, but a lot, is "I would like like to appear to pay less for what I receive while the real costs are hidden and subsidized in a way that is much less visible to me". While popular this view is not popular enough to adopt legislation to that effect.

In practical terms detailed policy legislation that makes losers out of a lot of low value transactional middle men would see some very meaningful across the board cost reductions, probably 7-10% (500 billion or more). Top of that list would be intelligent standardization and regulation of transactional medical billing process. This would/could look a little bit like how we regulate banking between financial institutions. Very sexy I know.
>$400k/year is not enough

Except to many it is - and I’m perfectly happy arguing from the majority in this case, because the failure rate for companies that do not adopt many of the best practices you rail against is extremely high.

You also seem to be making arguments for things that already exist and are universal, like performance-based comp, etc.
If the capitalistic system doesn’t produce results, we can do like India and have state-funded drug R&D and so on.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ormeloxifene

Frankly this system is already deep into market failure in the US and should be reformed anyway. We are not getting important drugs approved here because they can’t make it through approval despite track records of safe and efficacious use in hundreds of millions of people. That’s an intense life-wasting market failure.
Count chickens it's a plausible number. If you count things like small fish and shrimp then it's probably a severe underestimate. I guess he isn't counting those, self-described vegans often don't for some reason.

I probably eat a thousand anchovies a year alone.
Go ahead and negotiate while you have a heart attack. I'll wait.
Progressive capture of most institutions makes a lot of research questionable in this particular world of ideas.
I'm so confused by this. How would you avoid doing these checks? Aren't they invariants for your function?
Am I wrong in thinking another potential low tech solution might be to just remove the cellular radio?

To be clear, I'm asking more than anything as I have very little car knowledge but to me that seems like a more preferable solution long term than frequently having to physically disconnect your car battery.
It's not just loans there's also the $7500 EV car credit they benefitted from massively in the beginning.
Show HN: NPM package for tagging logs with an emoji based on an identifier
Hey guys!
I just released a NPM package to use for debugging seas of console logs.
Basically, I had lots of use cases where I have multiple instances of similar logs that I logged with ids and such and they were always hard to trace when all of them were happening at the same time. So i built this library to help with visually locating log sources.
At the time, Windows NT was lauded for having better security than its competitors. I remember “Department of Defense C2 level security” being invoked often. It was a major selling point, though one that didn’t feel relevant for most users (in fact, lots of people felt like “why would I need this?”; it made it seem like an OS that wasn’t for “normal users”).

Early ’90s conceptions of security—both what makes it and how relevant it is/for whom—don’t match our expectations or what we consider state of the art today.
Certificates of Need are absolutely not issued without input from current hospitals and facilities in that area.

The group responsible for lobbying for them to be introduced in the first place?

Hospitals.
Maybe I've just become more aware of the origins of the products I buy, but I have encountered a lot of Canadian things lately: Apollo electric scooter, Fluance sound system, 1Password service, Zealios keyboard switches, etc... I don't go out of my way to buy Canadian made things, it just seems like they are everywhere.
Huh? Did you accidentally share private notes?
>I’m not sure it was mainly rich folks who suffered.
I've read it was 1/3rd of their annual GDP.

>Some argue we are still feeling the effects of this today.
Of course you are. Think of it this way. The reason they poured everything into it and kept pouring more into it wasn't just to increase personal wealth of investors. It was a unique opportunity to poll vault towards becoming a major European empire.
While they knew it was a massive endeavor, the rewards would be incalculable. For them to control the most important manmade waterway to global trade 3 times as long as the US has would be a success story that we'd be reminded about in every grade school class but Golf and Gaelic.
That's famous. I knew those guys.

What amazed me is that they were able to cram a graphical client into a Commodore 64. Now that was a cram job. I could see doing the world on minicomputer servers, but the client!

Those early 2D metaverses not only predate the consumer Internet, they predate AOL.
They were all superseded by things that looked more like the early web.

Round 2 of that was when 3D Second Life was overtaken by mostly-text Facebook.

Recently we had the Web 3 "metaverse" debacle. You can build it, but will they come?

These things are fun, but they're a niche, like games.
Do you Trade? Day trade? Want to know a Strategy which generates profits in the current wild swinging markets? Let me introduce you to my Mean-Reversion concept...thing...strategy. It allows me to make money from these crazy markets nearly every day. If you like to read it, here's a rough and short description. Who knows, maybe it helps you too. Your welcome §8-)
> YouTube recommendations have always been pretty awful

This is what surprised me a lot. A friend of mine made me install TikTok (after me disparaging it a lot). I made an account for it with a dummy address, went off to the races, and after a couple of days I suddenly caught myself having been scrolling my feed for ~1h10m minutes without realizing it. I literally recoiled and dropped my phone, after which I uninstalled TikTok immediately.

YouTube has never had that kind of grip on my dopamine receptors. There are a great many (longform) edifying videos on there. And sure, there are interesting videos, and it is good at recommending a few adjacent videos to those. But the algorithm is not nearly as good as TikTok, I can recognize that immediately.

Aside from how horrifically good TikTok is at hooking your dopamine receptors, another thing I have to give it credit for is how egalitarian it is. YouTube is all about subscribers and network reach. On TikTok it’s the content that goes viral, not the creator.
Its possible that some people have a very strong "will to live", for whatever reason wanting to live on despite all circumstances. I would bet that people who have experienced extreme hardships but aren't satisfied with their life yet would not give up, even if it was the best thing to do.
Have you ever been in a situation like you describe? I think human instinct kicks in. I've been in situations I thought I would rather be dead than in - but when in them you tend to want to fight even if the odds are against you. It takes a true belief there is no hope to actually want to die rather than fight.
Could you least give some timestamps? It's nearly two hours.

Anyway, while it is possible that some attributes can cause UB if misused, I very much doubt that's possible with [[likely]] and [[unlikely]], as they are just hints for the optimizer, and the optimizer is supposed to preserve semantical guarantees.
> States do have strong incentives to improve things for their residents, which is why, once ACA programs like state exchanges and Medicaid expansion are implemented, they are popular.

But this is just defending the general concept of such a program, not a reason it has to be constructed at the federal rather than state level.

> Many state elected leaders, however, have strong individual incentives to avoid any change that exposes previously hidden costs to their constituents, because then their opponents can accuse them of raising spending and/or taxes.

How is it that federal elected leaders are immune from this incentive? And if they are, isn't that bad, because they would then for the same reason have no incentive to implement programs efficiently?

> The idea that federal taxes are money stolen from states, for example, is a classic state politician talking point.

It's a straightforward economic effect. Bob earns his wages which are then spent by some combination of Bob, the state government and the federal government. If the federal government takes more then the state government and Bob get less, and Bob is going to be in a bad way if there isn't enough left to make rent.

Meanwhile if the federal government uses the money for Medicaid then the state doesn't have to collect the money the federal government spends on it, but then it's the federal program setting the terms -- and if the state doesn't like those terms, Bob still has to pay all of the same federal taxes. The state can't use his money to operate their own program instead.

Federal spending is currently ~25% of GDP, which is more than it is for most states -- and a huge chunk of the money attributed to states is the state portion of the money required to implement federal programs. By the time you also pay for state programs whose funding couldn't reasonably be reallocated to something else, there is nothing really left. The states have lost the ability to try to do better because the federal government has locked up all the money.

> But I think you might be surprised how many federal actions are secretly supported by state officials who publicly campaign against them.

Well of course they do. They're opportunistic politicians. If they can't reasonably implement useful programs because the money they'd have to spend is already going to the feds then their remaining option is to claim credit for not spending it.

The point is, what would happen if the states were actually left with both the problems and the resources to solve them?
Yes, a lot of people don't understand the sheer amount of labor and time that is required to bring a new drug to market. (Edit: Or the number of things that are tried but don't pan out for one reason or another. The success rate is very low.) I myself have only the vaguest understanding. Someone has to pay for it all.

We need India to get rich ASAP, so Indians can start paying for it. :-)
I think in the long run it makes little difference because people become sensitized/de-sensitized to the new water level
That has parallels with Escher’s ‘paradoxical’ image of two hands recursively drawing each-other: it’s not paradoxical once you realise a third hand drew them sequentially in order for them to appear paradoxical.
Thomas, this is beautiful. If we found you a UE5 expert, would you be open to the assets being used to deliver some sort of experience with it? I feel like this is just too good not to try and deploy towards some street-level experiences.
"under" implies a relationship to something else, a point of reference. That point of reference would vary (which is getting close to a definition of subjective).

Reminds me of the parable of the fisherman and banker:
https://joneytalks.medium.com/the-parable-of-the-mexican-fis...
I think you can say that, much like the BBC Micro, the Raspberry Pi succeeded in many areas, not just inspiring and educating kids.

Of course it was never going to be as prevalent as any 8 bit micro, because the technology landscape nowadays is just endless.

But it got some kids into tinkering, got older programmers into new sorts of projects, it got into industry, product development, gardening, home automation, on so on.
What happens it that the product actually says what it does and how it works? Great, let's have more of that.
Can you link a source for the comparable example of a NY to California flight form the 1960s in that price range?
Those companies weren't disrupted by a democratic government for which all of their employees have a vote.

The government acts at the behest of the governed so they need to get support from at least some of those groups because a lot of families rely on someone working in one of them.
A great recent example is everyone changing whitelist/blacklist to allowlist/blocklist because Americans are so fucking obsessed with race politics that they see it absolutely everywhere
I meant "the halting problem" as in the informal description of the problem, e.g. as in how it is described in Wikipedia: "the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever".

If you take that description at face value and consider a model of computation with finite state (like real-world computers have), then it is decidable.

If you take the usual formal description of the halting problem, which like you said, is specifically defined over Turing machines (i.e. a theoretical model which assumes you can have a machine with literally infinite state, which is impossible to construct in our universe), then yes, you'd need hyper-computation to solve that.
Note that analyzing the complexity of problems in relation to various oracles is probably half of computer science. Algorithms like those in NP are not exotic concepts, they are the bread and butter of many computer science courses and careers.

Hyper-computation is much more exotic, though, I'll give you that.
As someone who is a paramedic, we will absolutely listen to you if you say you want to go to hospital X, not Y.

If you're unable, we'll take you to the one that best is equipped to deal with your issue.

HOWEVER... the insurer. If you're talking about two hospitals in the same town or part of town, no big deal. If you want to go to the hospital 15 minutes beyond that? Your insurer will deny the ambulance bill. Their argument was that "if you were sick enough to require an ambulance, you should have been transported to the closest facility, stabilized, and then transferred to your preferred facility" versus taking a longer ambulance ride.
Agreed, this reads so much easier...

if (!is_valid)

if (!is_active)
> lot of historical fiction is indeed made-up stuff

All of it is made up. That is why it is called fiction. Authors are pretty open about that fact. It can not possibly "go deeper" then sourced factual history - because it uses sourced history as its only source of information about past.

Historical fiction writers read a lot of sourced history and then combine, modify, remove and add to make compeling story that would satisfy the audience.
Yeah this was actually pretty scary for me because I do go car camping in very remote places with no service at all. Luckily I'm fully prepared for my car not being able to start.

It's just sad because I bought a Subaru because it's supposed to be a reliable, outdoor adventure car. To see it fail this way is just sad.
It isn't really a fair comparison. Netherlands alone gave out 30k Knowledge Migrant permits last year, they just don't fall under Blue Card schema (which is mostly Germany). Notice the almost 100% rate of requested/granted in the chart [1]. That's also the same year the service had to grant refugee status to Ukrainians.

Then again, total amount of immigration permits per year is 7 in US vs 2.5 for the whole EU, so maybe you have a point.

1. https://ind.nl/en/about-us/statistics-and-publications/the-i...
We never had the freedom (to trade with embargoed powers) to begin with.
My opinion about the FDA is that it suffers from two major faults, it is always regulating the "last war" and it has the standard federal government incentive structure for policy making which is "do not do anything that according to civil service regulations can get me fired".

In defense of the FDA, which I promise is not an instituion I have much affection for, they are asked to strike an impossible balance. More or less the same regulatory impulse that allowed Richard Sackler to build an empire on the killing of millions of americans is the same one that allows very sick people to access very, at times dubious, drugs and trials that sometimes save their lives.

Most of medicine is very centrally built around the "first do no harm" approach, even at the cost of lives by non-intervention sometimes. With the FDA most people want a "do some harm, some of the time for the greater good" approach which is a really difficult thing for a federal agency to put into practice. I think they do an especially awful job with it but I appreaciate that it is a really hard balance to strike.
Yep. Rotten luck with the malaria and blockades, eh.
Do people ask themselves why Obamacare was politically viable?

None of the entrenched interests really seemed to mind.. Wonder if Obama does that wink to his PE friends when they meet
To be fair, it sounds like insider based "embezzlement" right? Someone signed off on the scrap metal samples and didn't bother to have any testing of future deliveries? Or perhaps had someone sign off on future deliveries without checking their base metal content? Either way, insiders exploiting weak internal controls to personally profit is certainly one of the more common "thefts" mode, whether its employees taking things home from the store or accounts writing checks to their cousins against fake invoices.

I often wonder if there is a correlation between companies with higher pay inequity and this sort of theft. One leg of the fraud triangle is because the fraudster has a sense that they "deserve it" after all.
We haven’t gotten rid of pharmacies and that’s the easiest part of medicine to We haven’t gotten rid of pharmacies and that’s the easiest part of medicine to automate.

I don’t think AI diagnosis is going to change costs noticeably because tests and treatment is so much more expensive and you need people to provide that.
FWIW, Jonathan Shay's /Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character/ [1] touches on this. It's a good book.

IDK if Shay's book qualifies as "professional literature", but he was certainly a professional (VA psychiatrist), and I have the impression it was fairly influential.

[1] https://www.amazon.com/Achilles-Vietnam-Combat-Undoing-Chara...
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/learn-to-code

Basically a bunch of journalists told laid off coal miners that they should just learn to code, which some people saw as callous. Then in 2019 Buzzfeed and Huffpo and a few other places laid off a bunch of journalists. People started tweeting "learn to code" at them and they weren't happy about it.
Well, just like how some conspiracy theorists claim people will die from COVID shots 'soon,' but keep adjusting the date, we can expect the Energiewende 'fatality' to happen right around the same time that elusive 'soon' arrives! You know, always on the horizon but never quite here. ;-)
I deplore cheese. It’s a personal thing but I just cannot fathom people eat rotten solidified milk. Same applies to yogurt. I’ll happily eat seaweed and insects though.
red is the best colour
Traditionally, in the West, the Church ran charities to help the poor. Tithing and charitable giving contributed to the coffers managed by, say, local monasteries. Communities also helped each other out on an as-needed basis, In both cases, help was local and this meant insight into the particular situation of each person who needed it (hence the superiority of the principle of subsidiarity). In both cases, no politicians were involved.

In the West, with the kicking out of the Church from the public sphere and the rise of hyperindividualism, many of the good works performed by the Church and the community was arrogated by the State. The State is now the uncontested institution, it is now the Church. Now these things become subject to and embroiled in all sorts considerations unrelated to the basic problem of dealing with someone in need. UBI entrenches the very isolating hyperindividualism that ruined the family and destroyed the resulting communities.
Mine's a 2019 and pulling the DCM fuse resolved my problems. Could be unrelated, but I feel obligated to share.
Yes! This is one of the ideas I’ve spent time on and am still somewhat curious about.

InEnTec is the leading company in the space (as far as I can tell) because they have good scientific leadership, a good academic pedigree, and an investment by Waste Management.

The technology still has its challenges. It is hard to make it economical relative to alternatives, for one. I also think executives are not driving at the correct business model, overemphasizing syngas production and underemphasizing just getting rid of waste and possibly recovering metals.

But the biggest problem I see in terms of its viability for recycling is that it is all down cycling. Valuable and precious metals all end up in either a hugely challenging mixed alloy, or they get wasted in the vitrified slag output.

I have been trying to find someone who can clarify if any progress has been made on this.
He did an interview a while ago
I'd suggest adding a few boxes of common resistors/capacitores/leds and a simple power supply.
Being unpredictable and being non-deterministic are two completely different things. Classical physics might be the former but it's definitely not the latter.
There are huge swaths of areas with no service in the US that people regularly visit.
How to Make Your Own Spooky Magic Eye Pictures (Autostereograms)
This isn't real

Every business, every business has people who go in with the "no matter the cost" situation. But the market sets the schedule of pricing, so if either their status is not "revealed" or the business is simply not allowed to alter the price scedule from person to person, then it is literally no different than

-A rich family deciding they'll eat at the amusement park without asking prices, and no matter what, even when a small coke has reached $10

-A guy who walks into a new restaurant after his first 48 hour fast and after payday atd decides to completely ignore the prices and just order unconditionally

-A taxi driver get a flat outside of a tire shop by pure chance and it is the start of a ten hour planned shift
etc. ad Infinitum
> The really enterprising doctors then setup all sorts of alternative income streams, like building their own clinic with other specialists to which they then refer you for all procedures.

Hah. All of the large diagnostic imaging manufacturers, Siemens, GE, Philips, have formal programs for physicians to help them set up their own imaging practice - they'll help navigate Certificate of Need bureaucracy, they'll provide fantastic financing, they'll help you get set up with practice management.

And you, as a physician, if you also own a DI provider (or a stake in one) will go on to refer your patients for DI far more often than other providers do for patients with the same ICD-10 codes.

Shocking...