skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Apparently there is plenty disagreement about what “low level” means. Historically assembler was considered low level, and languages like C with named variables and functions and nested expressions were considered high level. I have also seen C described as mid-level to indicate it is higher level than assembler but “closer to the metal” than say Java. And apparently it is now called low-level by some - wonder what assembler is then?

In any case, at this point, low level and high level are only meaningful relative to other languages.

The article is questioning how “close to the metal” C actually is, but some of the arguments also applies to assembler, which is not that close to the metal either these days.
Post might have signed integer overflow => undefined behaviour => delete all the code in mind. Which can be avoided if you remember that hazard is there.

What's integer divide by zero in C? Would you consider that safe?
"If we never take time, how can we ever have time?"
Why do you think they wouldn't be able to do that?
Gee...what a huge surprise. /s

I suspect that many server vendors are trying to go this way.

It actually makes a lot of business sense. It can have more to do with controlling the brand, and consolidating support, than just screwing over customers.

But I got fairly sick of Atlassian's stuff, many years ago, so it isn't my monkey, and isn't my circus.
99 per user per month is crazy expensive IMHO.
RDS Revealed? Time to Give It Some Shade
What “C semantics” are baked into Rust’s SIMD libraries?
First of all your library doesn't come with C, otherwise it would be defined on the PDF I can buy from ISO.

Secondly using if statements and conditional expressions isn't what bounds checking in a programing language is about.

Here is some education material,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounds_checking

> Many programming languages, such as C, never perform automatic bounds checking to raise speed. However, this leaves many off-by-one errors and buffer overflows uncaught. Many programmers believe these languages sacrifice too much for rapid execution.[1] In his 1980 Turing Award lecture, C. A. R. Hoare described his experience in the design of ALGOL 60, a language that included bounds checking, saying:

Feel free to update the Wikipedia page and convince Wikipedia of your reasoning.
What about SIGSTOP?
The panics are really annoying. Sometimes, you generate routes dynamically from some data, and it would be nice for this to be an error, so you can handle it yourself and decide to skip a route, or let the user know.

With the panic, I have to write some spaghetti code with a recover in a goroutine.
You can use .NET 6/7/8 together with WPF or even WinForms if you want to. Everyone is happy to see WebForms die and the other two run on new targets out of the box.
Yes, but the ownership transfer happened quite some time after the project was tagged as archived, which from my side was a flag to move to a solution which is actively maintained. But i am glad to see that the project is getting attention again, i liked using gorilla/mux. But its even nicer that there is going to be out of the support for similar baked into golang.
I have thought so for a long time. It could open up execution of functional languages on a truly distributed runtime. Something like the fabled Tao operating system I guess.
ppl have been promising or hoping for anti-trust for a decade , yet Google stock keeps going up , as is dominance and earnings. same for Meta stock (I own shares of both companies because I am still bullish despite these headwinds). Even if something bad does happen, Microsoft's strong post-2000 performance shows it's not a concern for investors anyway. Likely fines or other small concessions. It's not at all "under siege" as the headline says unless by 'siege' you mean like The Mouse that Roared.
Super helpful, thanks. What I mean is something akin to a single-node daemon with network capabilities. Something as basic as a memcached or redis type of interface to start.
It's named "Fleet API", because Tesla refers to the Teslas out there as "fleet".
> It is far more expensive than Server, but still cheaper than Atlassian Cloud.

Not if you're at <<500 users, which is the minimum tier for DC.
What people use for hardware now that pcengines' apus are eol?
I love Rainbows End, but I'm less confident it's what GP is after. If it is, that leads into areas inhabited by the likes of Neal Stephenson or Richard Morgan or Daniel Suarez.
OpenBSD 7.2 did not have a release song, but OpenBSD 7.3 did.

https://www.openbsd.org/72.html

https://www.openbsd.org/73.html

Likewise there has been several other versions that did not have songs either in the past.

https://www.openbsd.org/lyrics.html

So probably there will be more songs in the future too, even if not every release has a song.
"Low-level" is a word with multiple meanings.

The original one is the one the article uses: low-level languages are non-portable and tied to the hardware on which they run, and high-level languages can target multiple platforms. Under this definition, C is absolutely a high-level language.

My complaint would not exactly be that the author is playing semantic games; it would be that they are clinging to archaic terminology in a way that does more to confuse than enlighten. The "generations" taxonomy is generally more descriptive.

1st: Machine
2nd: Assembly
3rd: General-purpose
4th: Application-specific

The 3rd/4th distinction gets a bit muddied sometimes, and back in the 80s and 90s people talked about a 5th generation that never really took off. But a couple (I think) clear examples of 4GLs are SQL, HyperCard, and Mathematica.

What I like about that approach is that it mostly breaks languages up according to fairly clear distinctions about when you would use them. And then we can use "high/low-level" as a relative term, where higher-level languages tend to do more to abstract away the details of what the computer is actually doing. That does mean that higher-generation languages tend to be higher-level; all we lose in doing it that way is the ability to have silly arguments about where to place a completely arbitrary (and, frankly, useless) dividing line.

I also like that this way we can recognize .NET IL, WebAssembly, and Java bytecode as very high-level 2nd generation languages, which, at the very least, is fun.

Oh, and Forth is a 3rd generation language. Fight me, Chuck.
Makes me think of:

"Never, no matter what the development of science, will men, who have concern for their reputation, attempt for forecast the weather"

https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/users/brooks/public_html/future/te...
The U.S. Government Has $5B in Bitcoin
I am almost sure there are alternatives. I mean, there are still programmers who exclusively learn from books, writings, and documentations ... right?
I was wondering how this could possibly work physically -- that answers my question, thank you!
Yes, and it was moronic. Has nobody here ever heard of DFU mode?
IMHO they really need a two-step release process for changes to pf.conf syntax. In the first step you get a warning when running the service about a deprecated syntax, then drop it. Over the last 20 years I’ve been bitten multiple times by changes to pf.conf which not only breaks your firewall, but invalidates entire published books on pf, countless articles, tutorials, etc.

I read some quote from the BDFL once where he said something about breaking changes being good because you’re “in a better place” but I feel the BC breaks are too aggressive to rely on pf directly in anything but small commercial applications. If you want to to tinker and break your home network fine.
There eventually was one leak. That's what ended the whole thing. There was a coindesk article with a leaked image of their balance sheet. CZ commented on it and things went downhill from there.
Rust/Zig does not have enough portability, there is errors trying to compile to s390x:

https://github.com/wekan/wekan-node20#trying-to-compile-llvm...

C89 compiles to 30+ CPU/OS:

https://github.com/xet7/darkesthour
USA can control half the World when they want to impose profit-making sanctions against Huawei, or to increase copyright terms; I can't see how they couldn't do something on air pollution if they wished to.

Find a way to make it make absurd profits for USA business and it'll happen.

Aside from that, is Canadian produced air pollution a problem in USA?
I agree its a bigger discussion. The fediverse is not a magic wand. Its a direction, not a destination. Lots of unresolved problems.

But those giant sclerotic organizations could assume some responsibility for the mess they have helped create by, in the first instance signalling they understand this.

Somebody mentioned in the thread they have a trial account on mastodon. Good, five years late but better than never.
They are simplifying the heuristics: if it's not on MS store, then it's a virus.
I'm confused how this visualization is meant to work.

I would expect I can compare today to an arbitrary time in the past. But the visualization actually shows 2000 vs an arbitrary time in the future. How is that a useful comparison? What is special about 2000?

I don't care about the buying power of a dollar from 2000 in 2015. I do care about the buying power of a dollar from 2015 in 2023.
What’s up with that btw? Noticed the same myself.
Testing your http/3 endpoint
For ad targeting and recommendation algorithms, sure.

"Privacy," though isn't about Google shovelling reaction videos into my feed in order to keep me on the site.

It's more about every site requiring authentication and more information than they need about my identity, which in turn, gets sold to third-parties or gets stolen in a breach. And then can be used to impersonate me, craft scams targeting me, etc.

Agree though that recommendation algos are bad and over-used. They're designed to give the illusion that the system is curating content that you would like. An algorithm can't recommend something you would like. It hasn't sat down with you over countless dinners and nights out and got to know you; nor has it been off and read it's own books and seen movies on its own time. It's not going to drop off a worn copy of Wide Sargasso Sea because that's what you need to read right now. Recommendation algorithms are designed for retention and retention-only. They throw away almost all data about you except what you've clicked on recently.
Or one of their relatives is reusing passwords.
What's tiring is trying to figure out why people just don't use sites/services that show them ads. It's extremely simple and from my experience pretty effective at avoiding the ads those sites/services display.
I prefer not to have my children psychologically manipulated into unhealthy behaviors for the financial benefit of others.
I've been using a NUC! My only "complaint" is that the model I'm using only has 1 built in NIC, had to add another via USB. It works very well.
I don’t think there is one, and if there was, it would run the same risk of becoming anachronistic as C itself has.

Besides, C and its compilers have very much influenced CPU designs and optimisations, so it’s a world with a feedback loop.

Maybe the loop will weaken somewhat in the new LLM craze.
I'm possibly motivated by different reasons than other users but I think an understated feature of OpenBSD is that it's simple

The unique security features are nice but really there's a lot to say about how simple an OpenBSD system is to use and configure.
Oil was a big driver of inflation in the 70s, but another factor which tends to be overlooked is population growth: while the US population had been rather stagnant during WW2, the post-WW2 baby boom led to the 70s being filled with the now-adult Baby Boomers entering the workforce and demanding housing, transportation, etc. which really didn't help things. If there was no WW2 (or if there was no baby boom because people kept having kids like normal throughout WW2), inflation would have been much less pronounced during the 70s.

https://russellinvestments.com/us/blog/inflation-pales-to-19...

https://www.epbmacroresearch.com/blog/initial-conditions-for...
> It appears they'll continue to sell on-premises licenses that are not perpetual and have a higher base price in the form of their Data Center offering.

It's worse than that: it's also a reduced feature set. For example, Bamboo Server lets you use local agents but Bamboo Data Center does not.
"Serf" isn't synonymous with "person who has to work". It's a specific condition. There's no point renaming things; just say what they are.

For example: if you wish food, shelter, sanitation, water, etc all sprang into existence spontaneously, or that you had slaves to do things for you, then say that. If you don't think either of those things, and, say, we all need to work to provide value to exchange with others to create a life, then that would be approximately what we have today. That's not serfdom.
> It would be entirely possible to walk away from the libc & C model entirely and work in a world of pure references interacting directly with VM subsystem pages

Is this possible in Ring 3? Or would everyone be running in kernel mode at that point.

Even if you do away with that layer, then there may still be a hypervisor lying to the kernel about memory.
Yes, you are describing traditional System V style signals. BSD made signal handlers persistent. Modern (since the 1990s) code uses sigaction() to set up signal handlers which allows you to choose the sensible (BSD) semantics.
People use separate “loyalty cards” which are a pure data for discounts play happily enough. The only reason such cards have become less popular over time is Mastercard, Visa, and Amex have rendered such products redundant.

At this point you can also 99% of the time pay cash and efforts to change this face significant political resistance as being discriminatory to the poor/unbanked. I think the argument “why don’t you just not use their products if you don’t like the deal” is a shockingly good argument… for now.

We can revisit this issue when society truly goes cashless, but for now, not the hill I’d die on. Mastercard will cry bloody MURDER before they let go of this gold mine. If anything I find the interchange fees and the virtual monopsony the credit card companies have to be more scandalous.
It's a nice change for little experimental programs, but production servers need lots of functionality that third party routers offer, like request middleware, better error handling, etc. It's tedious to build these on top of the native router, so convenience will steer people to excellent packages like Gin, Echo, Fiber, Gorilla, Chi, etc.
The wildfire smoke affected air quality for much for the north eastern US for a few weeks this year.

What is the solution to that? Forcing Canada to do more controlled burns?
I find 'socialism' to be such a lazy prescription that it put me off the author. Anyone interested in "how can groups of people organize their group relations" can take the empirical evidence of the last 100 years, the huge body of economics developed (with all its failings - alleged and or real), even Information theory (e.g. market parallel distributed processing of prices signals v.s. central planning wrt optimizing for the best or worst case). We know much more today than Marx ever did - we should be able to do better.

On the more +ve upbeat side: I'm glad I found the reviewer Prof Joseph Heath and learned about his publications - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Heath.
I use the EPA AirNow site[0] from time to time, and it seems to me they don't "hide" anything, even during wildfires, which I am affected by.

[0]https://gispub.epa.gov/airnow
even if did happen, it would be a blip anyway. Microsoft thrived after 2000 lawsuit, making only small concessions.
is everything ( for the most part ) a Llama model? does everything fork llama? is GGML part of llama? what is the relation of llama and mode formats. Is there an analogy? is GGML to react is to javascript? What is the differnence in GPT4all models vs llama.cpp vs ollama?

Thanks!
If people don’t want to pay for YouTube, then why not use peertube[0]?

You won't get a direct answer for this. Only endless justifications as for why it's seemingly impossible to just not use Youtube.
In fairness, there’s also the misguided assumption that services cost nothing to host and ad revenue cannot possibly offset the costs.
Must I buy the product at Costco after I’ve tasted the sample or am I just a freeloader?

Am I morally obliged to acknowledge the sponsors for everything I personally don’t purchase?

To whom do I owe patronage when I accept something gratis?
> the-eye

Cannot find anything useful by googling it. Can you please provide the link?
their example shows

"vehicleEngine": {
"@type333": "EngineSpecification",
"fuelType": "Gasoline333"
},

where other, similar, examples do not have the "333" part. But its valid, apparently.

Do I even want to dive into the docs to find out what kind of hilarity this implies? Is this another one of the standards that are the products of sequential committees with no deadlines and generous recreational chemistry budgets?
Yeah-- my intro C Programming class 20+ years ago began with the professor saying "This class is about C, a high-level programming language used for most UNIX system tools because trying to write all of those things in assembly would make you want to burn your keyboard."

It seems like the distinction between C and Assembly these days is less important than the distinction between C and say... Javascript. Which is fine by me- English is descriptive and the people who work in Assembly aren't going to get confused by it.
I think there's actually a standard defined for networked KV API over NVMe, written by the SNIA (as others have mentioned)

Though I'm not super knowledgeable about it. I think Redfish/Swordfish are maybe meant for this sort of thing:

https://www.snia.org/forums/smi/swordfish

There's a video on NVMe and NVMe-oF management for instance:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56VoD_1iGIs&list=PLH_ag5Km-Y...
- [QOwnNotes](https://www.qownnotes.org/)
Good. I don’t want a society where people can sit on wealth.
Bay area. It is a hot real estate area, hence the high purchase price
yeah, a very long time--decades to come. 40 years later, Microsoft is as dominant as and big as ever. nothing changes.
I guess this another reason to comment code descriptively. So if your LLM is searching it has a better chance of seeing what something is doing and where it is.
Just as tiring as everyone pretending that YouTube doesn't offer a directly paid solution to the ads problem.
In fairness, there’s also the misguided assumption that services cost nothing to host and ad revenue cannot possibly offset the costs.

No see, you can't bring that up because they already called that reason "tiring". Thus it is invalid now and you need to come up with a different one.
> unless the parent does implement such propagation

or if the signal is send to 0, or -PGID or if signal target PID is a group leader / session id or any other subtleties

But you're right the general case is that children won't be interrupted.
Man I really really dislike this proposal. Putting the http request method into the URI... an just sometimes... oh and maybe do "POST,PUT,PATCH /something". Just no thank you. Make a dedicated method that accepts http request method names if you must do something.
Kagi is another independent search engine worth trying. They have added a “small web” search option, which prioritizes small indie web pages.
More than 200 designers voted in a blind test — the result is not what you’d expect.
doesn't really matter what the motives are - the news regularly tell us that the wildfires are a result of climate change (with no proof) - when in fact a lot of them are caused by arsonists - clearly not by climate change. Nothing wrong with calling out lies in the media.
People answered for free because they had a CC license that ensured that if they tried something evil then the comunity would be free to fork it.

They ran adds to cover the servers and development cost. A fork must find how to get money.
And I believe that replacing a title, especially without indicating so IN the new title somehow, is putting your words into someone else's mouth, which is failing of basic integrity.

You could argue that applying one's own title is only adding commentary rather than editing, and so not a lack of integrity. But then we are back to square one that you wrote your opinion rather than the unadulterated facts. Or you could also argue that it is editing, putting words into someone else's mouth, since, there literally were words from the speaker, which you literally replaced with words from yourself, and you didn't indicate that these new words were yours with "I think" or other modifiers in your replacement title.
The legal precedent come from a time before digital records and generally available encryption so it was largely true that you didn't have a general expectation that papers in the hands of third parties would be private to you, inherently they possessors would have knowledge of what was on those documents. Beyond that it just hasn't really been revisited in depth since the advent of generally available encryption and the internet. Some states have actually passed laws extending the 4th amendment warrant protections to information held by 3rd parties though.
Because using the web as an "app platform" is a hack. Manipulating HTML with JavaScript to achieve app-like functionality is a hack.

JS, along with other things, was bolted on as an afterthought, because HTML had too much momentum for people to stop and consider a proper way to have sandboxed, portable applications, which is what WASM seems to be, after all this time.

And when there's a quirky platform underneath (HTML + JS), people invent a million opinionated ways to achieve the same thing, because there's no single right way to do it. And each comes with it's own quirks.
It's also that the definition of high vs low level has shifted in the past decade.

Nowadays a "high level language" is one where the person using it doesn't necessarily have to think about memory usage and allocation, since that's the task of a garbage collector - you accept a small amount of inefficiency in order to get a program that works "good enough" in 99.9% of all cases (since we're not on ancient devices anymore and most programmers don't write code that upsets the garbage collector in novel ways). By this criteria, Java, C#, Python, JavaScript, Ruby and so on are "high level languages" in that the programmer rarely has to think about this sort of thing; the underlying GC takes care of memory concerns. There's a reason you see these languages used more for end-user tools like webdev, scripting and desktop applications - the penalty is considered worth it (since it often ends up only shaving off milliseconds at most).

By contrast a low level language basically makes the programmer an active participant in memory management, with all the footguns that come with it. C and Rust are both two extremes of this - C just lets you do whatever, any form of memory control is up to you, segfaults included. Meanwhile Rust deliberately prevents you from doing anything that could possibly cause segfaults through its borrow checker. In some ways C can give you a lot more freedom to be efficient in how you allocate/deallocate your memory (or in the case of Rust - write code that is always memory safe), but you do trade things for it (in C you basically have to be really meticulous about free()-ing memory while in Rust you have to eat a lot of complexity upfront to not upset the borrow checker).

Also contrasting to high level languages, the modern domain of lower level languages tend to be things like drivers, kernels, RDBMSes and the like, rather than conventional user-facing applications (which it also was used for in the past since most of the previously mentioned languages are either pretty young or took quite some time to mature). Still useful, just a different set of expectations, since those are the components that have to be fast so the rest doesn't have to be as hyperefficient.