skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sure. Suppose that we have a trivial key-value table mapping integer keys to arbitrary jsonb values:

example=> CREATE TABLE tab(k int PRIMARY KEY, data jsonb NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE

We can fill this with heterogeneous values:

example=> INSERT INTO tab(k, data) SELECT i, format('{"mod":%s, "v%s":true}', i % 1000, i)::jsonb FROM generate_series(1,10000) q(i);
INSERT 0 10000
example=> INSERT INTO tab(k, data) SELECT i, '{"different":"abc"}'::jsonb FROM generate_series(10001,20000) q(i);
INSERT 0 10000

Now, keys in the range 1–10000 correspond to values with a JSON key "mod". We can create an index on that property of the JSON object:

example=> CREATE INDEX idx ON tab((data->'mod'));
CREATE INDEX

Then, we can query over it:

example=> SELECT k, data FROM tab WHERE data->'mod' = '7';
k | data
------+---------------------------
7 | {"v7": true, "mod": 7}
1007 | {"mod": 7, "v1007": true}
2007 | {"mod": 7, "v2007": true}
3007 | {"mod": 7, "v3007": true}
4007 | {"mod": 7, "v4007": true}
5007 | {"mod": 7, "v5007": true}
6007 | {"mod": 7, "v6007": true}
7007 | {"mod": 7, "v7007": true}
8007 | {"mod": 7, "v8007": true}
9007 | {"mod": 7, "v9007": true}
(10 rows)

And we can check that the query is indexed, and only ever reads 10 rows:

example=> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT k, data FROM tab WHERE data->'mod' = '7';
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitmap Heap Scan on tab (cost=5.06..157.71 rows=100 width=40) (actual time=0.035..0.052 rows=10 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((data -> 'mod'::text) = '7'::jsonb)
Heap Blocks: exact=10
-> Bitmap Index Scan on idx (cost=0.00..5.04 rows=100 width=0) (actual time=0.026..0.027 rows=10 loops=1)
Index Cond: ((data -> 'mod'::text) = '7'::jsonb)
Planning Time: 0.086 ms
Execution Time: 0.078 ms

If we did not have an index, the query would be slower:

example=> DROP INDEX idx;
DROP INDEX
example=> EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT k, data FROM tab WHERE data->'mod' = '7';
QUERY PLAN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seq Scan on tab (cost=0.00..467.00 rows=100 width=34) (actual time=0.019..9.968 rows=10 loops=1)
Filter: ((data -> 'mod'::text) = '7'::jsonb)
Rows Removed by Filter: 19990
Planning Time: 0.157 ms
Execution Time: 9.989 ms

Hence, "arbitrary indices on derived functions of your JSONB data". So the query is fast, and there's no problem with the JSON shapes of `data` being different for different rows.

See docs for expression indices: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/indexes-expressional.html
Humans can normally treat C as if it is LR and get away with it, except for a few places that they can often recognize and avoid. It is a bad shortcut, but still one that you can get by with taking in a lot of code.
If I can get a plain text weather report, emergency notification or email then that is HUGE.

The difference between no communication and "take 5 minutes to get 1kb of text" represents a huge, huge jump.
Doing business with Google is a liability.
This is all from research way older than Dijkstra.

It does have something to do with his work because his work extended it. But by that metric, it also has something to do with all of computer science, and a lot of mathematics.
Would not some variants of Sybase be better, as the architecture is the same, and it has supported far more platforms which allow it to scale in ways that Microsoft SQL Server cannot?
> there's no reason that people inventing ... novel technology belong in the same category as media licensing

Well, sure they are. Patents are information: R&D insights distilled into a useable implementation. Insofar as the final output of your company is a patent for other companies to license, your company is, in an economic sense, an information creation company — regardless of what happens "inside" the company on a day-to-day basis.

Boston Dynamics, for one example, isn't a robot company; it's a robotics R&D lab — which is to say, it's an "information about how to build robots" company. Information about how to build robots is what they create, and what they sell (or rather license); other companies (and governments/militaries) then buy that information / license to use that information — and supporting informational materials like trained data models, designs for FPGA programs to execute those models on, and robotic sensor- and motor-complex designs that those models were trained to use — and put it together themselves, or have some other subcontractor put it together, into actual robots.
"They" didn't. The ones coming from all over the world legally bought the land from previous owners, both British and Arab. Prior to that there was no such thing as a state of Palestine[1] there. It was much later that UN decided to invent this entity.

[1]: A different thing from the region called Palestine, mind you.
If you’re familiar enough with NASCAR to know this much about the goings on of this season, I’m surprised you have this perspective on oval pack racing. To say it’s just driving around in a circle is missing so much. Instead of writing an essay, I’ll just make the claim that it’s like saying that writing software is just typing on a keyboard for a few hours.

Yes there’s certainly more randomness / chaos in oval racing, but it’s certainly not brain dead or simple. Pack racing is also unique across nearly all motorsport disciplines (I’m a bit of a motor sports addict).

There’s certainly things to criticize about NASCAR like there is for all forms of organized competition, but the meme that NASCAR is silly because they “just turn left” is extremely closed minded. Is soccer just kicking a ball around until the other team screws up?

Sorry for the tone, I don’t really mean to direct it at you personally, but more so at the prevalence of this meme. If it was true then stock car oval racing wouldn’t be a thing, it’s simple as that.
Now this is beautifully sad
The Culture is a utopia made of unobtainium. It has FTL travel and communications, strong AI, teleportation, molecular nanotechnology, advanced biological engineering, immortality, replicators, and effectively unlimited access to energy, materials, and living space. This places it well off into science fantasy territory, but I enjoy contemplating just how much of its liberation from want could be realized within the constraints of known physics.

I love to compare the Culture to Star Trek because Star Trek's Federation has almost identical fictional technologies available to it. The first Culture novel, Consider Phlebas, was published in 1987 -- the same year that Star Trek: The Next Generation premiered. The Federation just gets a lot less utility out of its imaginary technologies. In-universe this is somewhat explained by the Federation being incredibly conservative about technologies like genetic engineering due to historical scars.

The deeper explanation is that Banks wrote for a print audience but Star Trek writers had to write for broadcast TV. If the TNG writers used their imagined technologies as well as Banks did, the Federation too would be full of immortal transhuman pets gently nudged around by their AI minders, enjoying lots of parties and occasional adventures. Almost every Culture conflict is an ethical problem at its core, because they have systematically eliminated problems of material deprivation and conflict over property. But that would be harder to sell as a TV series, especially in the 1980s.
I don’t know a single vet that drives a Mercedes. I know a lot who drove beat up trucks and have a mountain of debt.
More specifically, infra and cloud Spanner are the same stack. So they've progressed together hugely since 2013. :) The real differences between the two are more about the internal tooling we (Google) have around infra that's built up with our other services that consume it over the years that aren't relevant to anyone other than Google.
> Nobody would bother investing in R&D if after all their labor and toil, someone else would be legally allowed to copy it for free and get all the profits without having had any of the expenses and risk that come with hardware R&D.

People say this all the time without presenting any evidence, as if it is common sense. I don’t actually think this is correct! Of course the character of investment would change. Instead of a small number of large investments, we would see a large number of smaller investments. If your competition is churning out some widget and you can make a $10,000 investment in your factory to lower your production costs below theirs and out compete them, you will make that investment.

My point is that I believe in this case, natural market mechanisms are adequate to stimulate investment. Meanwhile proponents of patents must justify the enormous cost to society caused by heavily restricting innovation with legal penalties, building a 20 year moat around every new invention. That massively hampers incremental process, and raises the cost required for investments to succeed. Without patents, smaller incremental investments will pay off, but there will be much more competition. Unless you think markets cannot function without the massive government intervention which is intellectual property restrictions.

And heck don’t take my word for it. The folks at the free market Mises Institute hate IP restrictions:

https://youtu.be/cWShFz4d2RY?si=z9EmhyFFyUl_-vu4
I too found this hard to reason, but figured it out:

If you're demoing using https://openidconnect.net for example, set your Client ID to https://openidconnect.net

Likewise, your ClientID should match the url of the website you are using this to connect with.

This was mentioned in the GitHub readme too but didn't click until trying the demo
The issue is that habits only change so much, because people are reluctant to give up all of the convenience of personal transportation just for the sake of "going car-free".

For example, not havig a car is fine until your place of work is 10km out and using public transportation takes 1h whereas driving by car takes 10 minutes. Taking a bike or e-bike works, of course, unless it's raining or snowing or stormy, in which case you really want a fully enclosed (and heated) ride.

I'm sure you can find some "but in that case just do X" for all those cases, but the point still stands that all these issues only exist because you ditched the car, even if it's just a small electric one.

Designing a city/suburb/community that outright bans cars (by not providing any parking spaces) only works for a very small minority of the population
There is a bridge from any blog to Fediverse called Bridgy Fed that you can use: https://fed.brid.gy/web-site
Can someone explain which services this is supposed to be an IdP for? As far as I know, services need to have the OIDC service registered (ie I can't just auth with this to Google or whatever).
Rust uses a particularly paranoid (slow) hashing algorithm by default.
That does not impact 99% of ppl..

The licence change impacts only companies like Digger or Spacelift that build their platform abusing TF oss offering.
Mate, if raw HTML worked, HN comments would be a terrible place.
> The rule for mutexes is, never take more than one. As long as you only ever take one, life is pretty good.

Is there any shortcoming you can't apply that to? Don't malloc unless you free. If you cast in your program, make sure to cast to the correct type.

> The story of software engineering in the 1990s was a story of overreactions and misdiagnoses. This was one of them.

The problem of multiple mutexes was diagnosed well before the 90s. "Dining philosophers" was formulated in 1965.

https://www.adit.io/posts/2013-05-11-The-Dining-Philosophers-Problem-With-Ron-Swanson.html

https://www.adit.io/posts/2013-05-15-Locks,-Actors,-And-STM-In-Pictures.html
Postgres/mysql shouldn't have much trouble doing thousands of RPS on a laptop for basic CRUD queries (i.e. as long as you don't need to do table scans or large index range scans). It's possible to squeeze a lot more than that out of them.
well luckily WordPress would be interoperable with Mastodon and maybe Threads if they stick to their commitment to federate with the ActivityPub protocol.

Bluesky insists on building its own protocol and is making empty promises (https://atproto.com/specs/atp#future-work) to turn it over to the IETF or W3C at some undetermined date.
There are some items like medications and IV fluids rebranded for veterinary use. I assume it lowers the cost but don’t know for certain.
When I was much younger I also felt a profound sense of loss when I found that the Iridium constellation covered the globe.

Thankfully our shared thought that you can't be away from everything is not true: caves, anything underwater or dense forests around the world are totally inaccessible for any satellite devices.

Also, not sure if you've used any satellite devices but even in most conditions you're still pretty away from things. You have to set up the device with a view of the open sky and wait several minutes for a text-only message of a handful of bytes. Using it in a Costa Rican rainforest was almost impossible.
Did you experience brain death? Because that kinda sounds like the sensation of losing all contact with the peripheral nervous system, without actually losing consciousness.
We can't even provide for the current needs on a cold or hot day… I'm not "implying" anything, I just notice the continuous blackouts in summer and in cold winter days.
Given that near death experiences are very often reported as being incredibly detailed and complex, often involving time dilation modes enabling one to be "away for years", its hard to imagine 'name the fruit' being the thing a person in that state brings back. This does seem like an interesting area of research though if the right experimental stimulus could be found.
The substantive results from the article:

> First, most of the 53 survivors initially flat-lined on the EEG, but, with continued CPR, recovered brain activity up to 60 minutes later. This result not only encourages first responders to persist, it also suggests the possibility of to-be-recalled cognitive activity in comatose patients.

> Second, 6 of the 28 interviewed survivors (21 percent) had a “transcendent recalled experience of death.” This roughly accords with prior studies’ finding that 10 to 15 percent of cardiac arrest survivors report a memorable transcendent conscious experience (which Parnia labels a “recalled experience of death” rather than a “near-death experience”).

> Third, the study enabled an unprecedented objective test of survivors’ recall accuracy. ... Parnia and his three dozen collaborators creatively devised and implemented a plan to put claims of death-experience recollections to the test. As patients underwent CPR, a tablet computer displayed one of ten visual images, such as an animal, a person, or a monument. When later interviewed, could the 28 survivors report the image displayed during their death experience? If not, could they, when shown the ten possible images, guess which image had been displayed? The result: “Nobody identified the visual image."

> During 5 minutes of the CPR, patients also were repeatedly exposed through the headphone audio to the names of 3 fruits: apple, pear, banana. When the 28 survivors were later asked to guess the 3 fruits, how many correctly recalled them? One person. (A chance result? When a colleague invited his psychology students to name 3 fruits, a similar 2 of 50 named an apple, pear, and banana.)

So near-death experiences are fairly common, but no evidence that memories of out-of-body experiences reflect reality.
In my classes, I tell students that "AI" is the general population term for machine learning, data science, and "traditional" AI (pathfinding, planning, logic proofs, etc). They all touch on a part of AI, but the differences are hard to explain to non-tech people. People will interchange ML with AI and still mean the umbrella "all of it" concept. That's one of the reasons the article talks about getting more concrete tools that are used in the workflow. Laypeople might think a switch statement is AI and their potential customers also think its AI, that doesn't mean its really AI.

I'm actually booked to give an AI talk for business managers later this month and this is something I'm planning to cover. The article does a good job at outlining what to look for when you get those "AI for X" sales pitches.
A huge portion of your brain is dedicated to perception and motor control tasks; these are not easy problems!

Intelligence is more than just reason. Just walking across the room to pick up an object requires significant brainpower.
We hide in Chrome's user-agent (too many sites break if you vary it but otherwise are Chromium-based). We're detectable by many means but that site and the other ones such as statcounter do not count us. I post our monthly user counts on "X", I just did September's stats. Here is living thread of threads:

https://twitter.com/BrendanEich/status/1711480079094837273
No need to guess when you can measure.

I am running https://cloud-canary.com a service where I monitor AWS primary services for latency and availability.

It comes with a lot of data.

For instance this is the latency I see doing operations against Dynamo.

https://cloudcanary.grafana.net/public-dashboards/c53e2092d6...
BigQuery had a 25% price increase in July/23: https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics/introd...
I agree and will add that in my experience the companies that do put right-to-repair opposite infosec are almost always relying on security through obscurity which as we know is not security at all.
it does depend on what you mean. By 2020/2021, effectively everything was on top of AWS VMs/VPC and perhaps LBs at that point? Most if not all new services were being built in NAWS.
“But I am not British, …” !

That just sounds like gibberish.
Autoregressive transformer models are usually memory bound, whereas SD is compute bound, so perhaps the difference lies here. Also the reason why SD runs so much faster on the GPU than on the CPU.
not really a fraction, just smaller. examples:
https://maps.app.goo.gl/jZ6D3bUWCiZWeP45A
https://maps.app.goo.gl/1Xj6Z6gpGxM4Hzp66
https://maps.app.goo.gl/XzFG59eXBKofTdu37

Chicago, NYC, Lisbon, Berlin, Barcelona, etc. They all have their versions of these stores. You don't need to go anywhere else unless you want to for some reason.
I don’t think it’s as uncommon as you suggest. I rent an apartment in Australia and don’t really feel the desire to buy it. Buying is a massively complex financial investment with dubious returns. While renting is convenient and lets me move around to whatever suits me at the time.

The rental laws in my state are also quite good and continuously getting better.
AWS is violating the spec and it's an embarrassment tbh

Anyway, to be clear, I'm not advocating for "get rid of passwords forever", I'm saying that for a lot of people passkeys are superior and the whole "how do I recover" is just not that big of a deal.

The main issue is the cost of devices like yubikeys. They should lower those. Companies should start providing them. Schools should hand them out. etc.
You could always rack mount some Mac Minis.
Tc is always a pain to search for, I add 'netem' as a recommendation for keywords and also the IFB trick to put a qdisc on an input stream.
let top5 = Array(5).fill({
idx: 0,
count: 0,
});

...this kind of code is nice source of bugs in js.
Much of the time GCP feels like a science project, and not a real business. AWS (and Azure) seem to be driven by customer requests, instead of Google, which feels very engineering-centric.

Which is on brand with Google. They have no problem launching stuff, and no problem killing stuff. But man, then just get out of the cloud business and focus on what you're good at.
Facebook used to have (has?) 2G Tuesdays, where devs had to test their stuff at 2G speeds, for this exact reason.
All throughout the Rust belt, for one.

Personally, I live in (equally-car-dependent) Canada, so the example I'm personally familiar with is "most towns in northern British Columbia."
Show HN: Mockup Generator – Create Free Bulk Mockups in Seconds
Hello Hacker News people,

I’m thrilled to share our latest project with you all: https://mockupgenerator.co

If you’ve ever found yourself knee-deep in the tedium of creating mockups, especially for print on demand stores or showcasing digital designs, you’re going to want to check this out. Mockup Generator allows you to create bulk mockups in seconds, simplifying what used to be a time-consuming process.

We’d love for you to take it for a spin and share your honest feedback. Thoughts on usability, functionality, or any ideas for additional features are all fair game and hugely appreciated.

Looking forward to hearing what you think!
how to?
Yeah citation needed on that one, but it is a dumb hypothetical on my part to illustrate the problem. Another hypothetical, how do you get junior people to support your inline ASM? If it makes this easy to do, it makes the technical debt that much more rampant.
I almost died at 10 years old from choking. I had some of my life replay like a PowerPoint floating above my vision, where each would float and fade in from the left in a cinematic vignette, then float to the right and fade out as the next came in. I had a distinct sense that I was about to die, and my overwhelming feeling was “wow totally lame I can’t believe I’m dying of choking”. Then a soda was given to me and it dissolved the blockage.

I am religious. I believe in life after death of some sort. I don’t see any evolutionary purpose for seeing a life review before death. I believe the creator made the universe and we have a purpose within it, even after death.
$99 quarterly sounds like a good deal - was this with Iridium? That's unfortunately the only network that works well for my use-case.

I currently pay for an inReach Messenger, and use it on a weekly basis. The $12/mo base cost is peanuts for what it actually provides me.
That’s not what the site says. It’s different than what’s available now.
Show HN: See library availabilities for your Goodreads want-to-read list
This is a Goodreads + Libby app integration which shows you the library availability for each of the books on your Goodreads want to read list.

Basically, I got sick of manually looking up each book on my Want to Read list on the Libby app to see if it was available or how long the wait was. So I made this site which easily gathers all that info for me.

At this point, I'm scraping Goodreads to figure out the "Want to Read" list. Libby provides a nice API though.

Any feedback is appreciated!! I also have a substack that I'm going to use to post updates, so follow along there if you're interested :) projecttbr.substack.com
The last part is a over the top but direct access to customers as a dev is a plus, not a minus.
Learning is creating computer programs from data. Usually through optimization.
On the second point, there's an uncensored version available and assorted trained-for-purpose derivatives of it.
I'm afraid, like a vampire, you've just invited me in.

My recipe, marmite and lettuce sandwiches.
Phones? You can buy a yubikey
Thanks, I did not know this!
What's wrong with glauth? I forked it so I could build in the /etc/passwd support and it's been working great.
My father is in pretty good shape (very active), but also very religious these days and he's basically told me nothing in this life matters and he's ready for the afterlife which he believes will be a paradise. The Sagan quote is ironic as he was a huge fan as a younger man.

It's always saddened me that he has trouble focusing on the joys in this life. There's a lot to be grateful for, for those of us lucky enough to live in a secure country with food on the table.
Sorry, this is indeed not very clear. Others already answered well, but if you look at the example[0] config you can see how you would use your own instance of obligator as a client to the instance running at lastlogin.io. This is a bit meta, but applies equally to any client application.

[0]: https://github.com/anderspitman/obligator#running-it