skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I helped work on howvideo.works, fun to see it helping people! The world of video is, I'd argue, one of those technical spaces that is extremely iceberg-y. You can get decently far enough using S3 + the HTML5 video tag, which I think creates a perception among some that video is just images but a little bigger, but that couldn't be further from the truth. You can really pick just about any step along the video pipeline from production to playback and go as deep for as many years as you'd like.

This is both a semi-shameless plug and probably a few levels deeper than what you're looking for, but I organize a conference for video developers called Demuxed. The YouTube channel[1] has 8 years worth of conference videos about streaming video (and the 9th year is happening in a couple of weeks). The bullet points you mentioned are definitely covered across a few talks, but it's certainly not in any kind of "how to" format.

[1]: https://youtube.com/demuxed
Watch a jogger jogging, and try to take a photo each time their foot hits the ground (so about 1.5 Hz). Within 10 seconds you'll find the camera crashes and/or starts throwing away photos you already took. Try it on battery saver mode or while playing music for even more bugginess.

Tested this on: Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6P, Pixel 1, Pixel 5, Pixel 7.
I've been using USB-C on basically every consumer electronics device I've used over nearly the past decade. Over the years I have accumulated:

1. A laptop with a USB-C power/data/DisplayPort port

2. A phone with a USB-C power/data port

3. Multiple USB power banks which use a single USB-C port for both charging and discharging

4. A smartwatch with a dock that uses USB-C

5. Multiple flashlights with USB-C charging

6. Multiple bluetooth speakers with USB-C charging

7. A pair of earbuds with a case that uses USB-C charging

8. Dozens of various USB-C cables and power bricks, some of which came included with the products above

So far I've had zero issues with any of them. Sure, not all cables support full charging speeds/data rates, but generally speaking I can just plug things in and expect them to work in some fashion.

Maybe to iPhone users USB-C feels like a new thing? To everyone else it's been a mature ecosystem for a long time now, which is why a lot of the comments in this thread commenting about it as if it's a brand new, unproven technology seem very strange to me.

Edit: Just remembered I also have an air duster and an electric toothbrush that use USB-C. Those didn't immediately occur to me because I don't have to charge them often. There might be more I'm forgetting...
> Is there a reasonable way to estimate how much performance could be gained if we operated in a hypothetical universe where we never ever had to worry about security?

Not really, no. In the limit of a theoretically perfect implementation, the performance overhead of security is zero (except to the extent that you count cryptography, but that's distinct from CFI/RCE/memory-corruption/etc-style security). The practical overhead basically comes from defence-in-depth to insure that imperfect implementation don't break security, and there's not in general any fundamental reason why imperfection A is common problem that needs to be mitigated, but imperfection B is a stupid corner case deserving of "well, don't do that then". Also we essensially -by-definition don't have a theoretically perfect implementation to compare against, so we can't even estimate the zero-overhead point with any confidence.
> The system is not supposed to 'lock up' when you run out of physical RAM. If it does, something is wrong. It might become slower as pages are flushed to disk but it shouldn't be terrible unless you are really constrained and thrashing. If the Kernel still can't allocate memory, you should expect the OOMKiller to start removing processes. It should not just 'lock up'. Something is wrong.

I don't why but locking up is my usual experience for Desktop Linux for many years and distros, and I remember seeing at least one article explaining why. The only real solution is calling the OOMKiller early either with a daemon or SysRq.

> It should not take minutes. Should happen really quickly once thresholds are reached and allocations are attempted. What is probably happening is that the system has not run out of memory just yet but it is very close and is busy thrashing the swap. If this is happening frequently you may need to adjust your settings (vm.overcommit, vm.admin_reserve_kbytes, etc). Or even deploy something like EarlyOOM (https://github.com/rfjakob/earlyoom). Or you might just need more RAM, honestly.

Yeah. Exactly. But as the thread says, why aren't those things set up automatically?
No, decryption keys are tightly held and inaccessible to general populations and small manufacturers and those used by illicit capture cards are regularly revoked iirc.
What is intelligence. Honestly other than something we keep claiming only humans have.
It's the same with usb-c extension cords. Our extension cords now need microcontrollers in them, what a time to be alive.
Uhh not really. I assure you, a LLM that can play chess will converge in training on duck chess much faster than one that wasn't.
Agreed overall. That specifically contradict's GP's upthread understanding of "The original cracks were repaired. New ones did not show up until 2022."
I think it is unusual - even for a small company.

TitTok is not a small company.
Install an ad blocker, friend! Firefox + uBlock Origin on Android, or 1Blocker on iOS.
I've been wondering the same thing. It's possible that older pre-LLM data sources may become indispensable for training.

It would be both amusing and disturbing to see older Usenet, Slashdot, and Reddit conversations turned into rare and valuable resources.
It’s still better than nothing at all! If you can physically see the connector, that’s a huge help. For USB-A, you often had to look into the cable to figure out which way it went.

I agree that HDMI can be heads or tails based on if it’s tucked behind a TV, but sometimes I can feel enough to get it right. That was never so with the original USB.
> not like regular buildings and require more logistics for repairs but there's no way it would require 20 years.

tldr; regulatory processes prevent improvements.

I work in a highly regulated industry though not nuclear. There are obvious things to change which were approved in the site plans decades ago. Those nonsensical systems must be maintained because if they stop working for a small number of hours, everything must be stopped and there will be fines. It won't be changed because doing so requires asking regulator for approval and then everybody and their uncle gets to make a comment and even sue to stop it. Regulatory process hinders obvious good changes and improvements.

BTW, this is similar to how Los Angeles squeezed out good paying manufacturing jobs three decades ago - make it near-impossible to get electrical permit to change anything.
Such staircases are pretty scary to climb even without a knight attacking you because there is nothing to hold, the steps are not flat and it is easy to fall down.

Also, such straicases are used not only in medieval castles. A modern Russian 19th century cathedral also has a staircase of such type. Probably, because cathedrals must be built using traditional architecture?
Thanks for getting back to me with some detailed examples! This looks quite neat :)
I think it would be more likely that the staircase fit better going one direction than the other. Eg taking the most used path to the staircase and going straight onto the stairs vs having to do a 90 degree turn before you can step on the stairs.
Identify Bedbugs with AI
I am always wondering, why they build such complicated biology inspired robots, while they can build something with wheels and simple levels which allows robot to jump over obstacles and turn upside down if it landed on the back.
At Quiver, we’re building comprehensive, polished courses for Godot. We aim to take you from the basics to more advanced concepts. Our content isn’t free though, but we’re doing our best to make it worth the cost. You can check it out here: https://quiver.dev. (Disclosure: I’m the founder).
"These models are good in automating tasks, not workflows or jobs."
Sam Altman on Joe Rogan.

Think about the scenario of a home, in case the homeowner is going on a vacation:

i) The homeowner talks to an A.I. assistant, and orders the agent, to open the windows every day automatically, and feed the dog. The A.I. agent may hallucinate, and do none of the tasks.

ii) The homeowner with the help of the A.I. assistant, will write a small program, to open the windows in the exact time he wishes, and with the right interval of hours, and feed the dog exactly that many times. That program will run correctly and deterministically till the end of the universe.

Complicated programming is not getting automated any time soon, maybe never. Simple programming tasks are going to be automated by humans, who lack formal C.S. training and use the statistical engines to complete some not so obvious tasks to them.
PS I forgot to mention that we have Sentry profiling. Full Application load (php side) P95 is 120.9ms and P99 is 634.11ms
> It seems pretty safe to say that those stimuli are not being processed using a language model.

Could you expand on that? I don’t see how it follows. If there is unconscious output, why wouldn’t it suggest there’s something analogous to a “unthinking” language model stuck behind our conscious, self reflective, bits? How does unconscious output prove that it’s not something similar to a language model?

Or, are you speaking on a technicality, saying it’s not a literal language model? I think the idea is something similar and, obviously, multi modal, not a literal LLM/text predictor implementation like runs on GPUs.
Far too few incoming students value this, even if explicitly told. They will go to the lab of the most famous professor at the highest rank university, even if that PI is not a great mentor. Not all PIs are intentionally aiming to make their student's lives hell, but many inadvertently do by providing insufficient mentorship, which results in students suffering huge amounts of anguish because they are struggling to excel and know it.

If a PI isn't meeting with each PhD student for at least 30-60 minutes per week, especially in the first few years, they are probably not doing a great job.

I always encourage students to email the current and former students of the professors they want to work with once admitted to see if they can have a video chat to discuss what it is like working in the lab. Even then, it can be hard to get frank feedback.
htop shows this (it's the orange/yellow bar in RAM)
For those with some savings, you also need to understand how to get into inflation-resistant investments if you want to not be pinched by savings. Otherwise this spiral of increasing wages makes your prior savings irrelevant.

On the other hand, those with some debt need the financial wisdom to use their spiraling wages to pay down debt principal and not let the debt spiral due to increasing interest rates.

So, high inflation can be a kind of continuous cash debt/savings jubilee, resetting small-time debtors and savers to living hand-to-mouth as it erases their cash history. But it can accelerate the gap between the worst debtors and the biggest investors who are on opposite sides of the spiral...
MP3 CDs were definitely a thing, including ones people burned themselves, but I don't think I've seen anyone use a cassette adapter. Most people put aftermarket CD stereos into their cars.
It doesn’t explain why other anonymous ratings like from the one on Glassdoor are 90%+. There must be some selection bias.
Every proprietary connector I can think of that Apple has introduced was done to solve a problem that other connectors at the time did not solve.
The funniest part is that it still takes 3 tries even when you know what you just said.
But it does. https://files.catbox.moe/l9je82.png
orange is the part used by caches
Something like this https://retool.com/
Agreed. But the way you put it makes me wonder how many memory safety vulns have been found in JIT implementations (not the machine code they output).
Internet traffic patterns in Israel and Palestine following the October 2023 at
There's this tendency among AI researchers to write clickbait titles (like Attention is All You Need), partly due to extreme competition in the publishing/conference environment. If the odds of your paper being accepted is 20%-ish (NEURIPS), I can see why teams opt for attention-grabbing titles.

"Attention is at least X% more performant on selected benchmarks than a selected sample of recurrent networks, with ablation, thus proving attention is all you might need until a non-exponential architecture is developed" doesn't have the same catchy ring to it.
I'm not saying that a new user should need to understand the nuance, I'm questioning whether your understanding of the underlying problem is accurate. I do agree that it's a poor experience for the system to freeze up under excess memory pressure, I just think the correct fix is less swap combined with earlyoom.
> I should also point out that your tone is aggressive, so it makes me think you're not interested in learning

Why do you think that? Aggressiveness is the best way to get responses, people don't like it but it makes people respond to you.

And for that matter I have a pretty good understanding about this topic, it is kind of annoying when people try to school you then. The "it gets tokenized data" is just a cop out response by people who don't understand the problem.

> It cannot understand these properties of words without them being in the training data because it does not operate on words, it operates on tokens

But those properties are in the training data. We know the LLM can answer these sort of questions when asked directly for simpler cases. But when asked to do something that requires it to draw from many different parts it fails. It didn't fail due to the data not being there, it failed due to not understanding that it should use that data.

> This makes it much more difficult to learn how to reason about particular data that appears _inside the token_, because _it does not ever receive that information_

Right, the structure of LLM makes these sort of questions harder for it. But they aren't impossible or unfair, nothing prevents an LLM model from solving this sort of question. The main reason it fails is that it tries to write it like a human would, as it isn't trained to solve problems it is trained to mimic humans, it is too dumb to figure out ways to solve it on its own.

And to show you I understand how these models works, the most efficient way to solve this question would be to solve it like a human. If it wrote out the steps "try next word as 'Blah'" and then verify those words one at a time, likely it would succeed. And since we know LLMs work like that we could try to make it output the results in that way, and that would improve performance. However, a smart agent would understand that its answer was wrong in that case by itself, and change its answering style on its own to fit the problem. But it can't think like that, it just tries to write it like answers it has seen, it doesn't do any verification since the answers it saw didn't verify, it doesn't spell things out here since the answers it saw didn't spell things out etc.
See also: unison - http://unison-code.github.io/
Many people do, actually.

Either way, my point isn't that the
consensus is unchallengeable. My point is that it's exactly the same consensus that makes "property" and "theft" actually things. Without any sort of consensus, "theft" is just a change in who's using an object and if you try to stop them you're the one initiating force. Quite a lot of people wouldn't willingly refrain from driving your car.
Because the public won't accept cutting internet lines or bringing back the draft, but enough of the voting public might accept a Tik Tok ban.

Seems pretty obvious?
>The sad part is that nobody really prevents us from seizing the network. It is intrinsically decentralized by design. It takes hard work to subvert this.

The network is currently download only for most households. We need iCloud and YouTube and other companies hosting our content because of ipv4/CGNAT and lack of upload bandwidth.

Ideally, we would be able to host our own content on our own NAS at home and access it from anywhere, but the market or people who have an internet connection capable of that is not worth addressing.
No you're right.

Clearly the information of the board state is implicitly present in sequences of moves (humans can play blindfold chess too but poorer) but a reconstruction from that alone is highly non trivial. I don't think a human that had never seen or played the game would be able to do it.
Good thoughts, really.

Author said, people enter BIG race, to buy huge number of GPUs, but at the moment not seen, from where their cost will be paid.

I mean, if $200B should been invested, this must consider at least 4 x $200B of returns (including salaries, fees, taxes, etc), so at least $1000B must be somewhere on horizon.

If industry will not found source of $1000B, will be just next bubble.

Yes, it is possible, to happen some wonder, for example, government could consider this very important, for example for defense, raise taxes and pay these money from budget.

But any possible money must appear nearest months.
I've found a trick but have trouble explaining it to people - especially if they haven't build a computer before.

The plastic bit inside of the plug usually goes on the side facing whatever board it's interfacing with.

For example, looking straight on from the back of an ATX case, it's usually on the left side - where the motherboard mounts

Front panel connectors are anarchy... but at least they're usually visible
All I can say is that before USB 1.0, the myriad of connections on a PC motherboard were ridiculous. USB was leaps and bounds better beyond PS/2, and VGA and various serial and parallel ports would require you to physically screw in the plug. Just look at: https://www.electronicshub.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Po...

It was a nightmare. And virtually none of those ports would self-install drivers when a device was plugged into it. USB 1.0 was magic when it came out.
The endocrime system is a tool to manage/regulate the operation of a physical object (the human body). LLMs do not have a body or other physical object to manage, so they do not need endocrime systems.
> the hardware detects which way it's plugged in and permutes the signals

For USB3/4 signals, yes. But the hardware needed to interact with those signals is complex enough that making it also support swapping pins is a minor detail.

The USB2 and power lines, on the other hand, are all present on both sides. This means that simple devices don't need to detect orientation; they can connect the duplicated pins together and everything works.
lol, the amazon rain forest it's been misshandled since i can remember, i'm 33 yo by the way...
What I'm hoping for is beyond what I currently see on the repo - I want a dense view of story information. 'latchkey got what I meant in the other comments below my top comment. Definitely recommend you look at PT and see what it does. I'm not suggesting you make a carbon copy but there's a lot to learn from the PT model.
I find that being a solopreneur (or just as CEO of a small startup), it's hard to invoke "company policy". You can say your board won't go for XYZ, but if your customer knows you own most of the company, that wouldn't fly either.

Tips?
Assuming Linux, oddly enough I came across this exact behavior[0] while researching resource management for an on-prem k8s cluster. Take a look at that thread for more info, but TL;DR, you need to actually finesse page cache constraints if you want avoid the behavior. You actually can have really fine grained control over page cache via cgroups v2[1][2] and systemd[3].

[0]: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/43916

[1]: https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#memory-in...

[2]: https://biriukov.dev/docs/page-cache/6-cgroup-v2-and-page-ca...

[3]: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.res...
Long article without even the tiniest hint of evidence to support the claim that the easier to defend theory wasn't the reason why apparently there is a considerable imbalance in staircase direction.

The reality is that most of the time most castles were not involved in violence at all (outside of rough methods of keeping order I guess). Even if staircase fighting never ever happened, the imagination of heroically fending off invaders who made it that far in person could have easily been a clever pose, a tool of the trade for architects to give the impression of really knowing all the tricks. Claiming better defensibility would have made an even bigger impression on the future inhabitant than on tourists hundreds of years later. Because, assuming that the article is not wrong in this, the customer has just as little experience fighting in a staircase as the tourist hordes.

Medieval snake-oil, claiming that it never happened should require better evidence than "you really would not want to ever let invaders get that far".

If it's a 30/70 distribution chances are that almost half of those 70 are just as random or motivated by more pressing concerns than the "wrong direction" 30, and of the remaining 40 that make up the imbalance, a certain amount will be habitual copies of conscious decisions for the snake-oil winding.

Yeah, whenever a tour guide brings up the defensive advantage story, chances are that this particular staircase wasn't really designed as defense-optimized but random/some other reason/habitual. But unless someone proposes a better explanation for the imbalance (I don't know, some pseudoreligious thing perhaps? Some echo from whatever way Romans preferred? Oncoming traffic etiquette, like climbing side steps toward the steep side, taking a break grabbing the stair's spine while the descending side slides past at the outer wall, and they'd both rather have their dominant hand wall-side?), it's a rather bold claim to call it a victorian era fabrication.
An LLMs can explain a concept but is unable to apply said concept to a given problem - for me that shows a lack of "real understanding".
You better have your own robots protecting you.
Does it (can it) work as something like a CCMS ?
Trust me. If Linux really eats your RAM to the point of reaching an OOM state you will know.

(This was of course because of having too many apps relative to my RAM. Not because of disk caching.)

The OOM behavior is not pleasant for a desktop system.
Almost in my 40s
The real problem is Brazil's government as a whole.
The sordid tale of L.A.'s forever war on smog
I'm not sure how many USD/GFLOPS you could get in '73, but in '84 they were Cray X-MP/48 costing $15,000,000 / 0.8 GFLOPS (inflation adjusted $600B/TFLOP); today we get RX 7600 costing $269/21.5 TFLOPS ($12.51/TFLOP).

If energy prices changed that much while spending per year remained constant, your usage would go up by a factor of about 48 billion. This might happen if we develop Von Neumann probes and disassemble a planet to turn it into energy collecting satellites, and some not-even-crazy estimates suggest this is indeed possible over 50 years.
I am accepting investment in this idea should you be interested.
Was this really its best hope? I still have my fingers crossed for an Alcubierre drive using antimatter as an energy source.

Hasn’t work been done in this area recently? I remember seeing an article saying it might technically be possible with a hilariously large energy source, but I don’t know if that has been disproven.