skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> where they brought in supplies by boat and waited the Spartans out

That comes down to the location and type of castle, nothing to do with period.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle

has town walls, water on three sides, multiple independant keeps separated by curtain walls, etc. Once attackers "gained entry" they were faced with being in an enclosed space, surrounded by high archers, and tasked with as much work again to advance further ... only to be faced with the same again.

It was damn near impossible to siege as restocking from the sea and|or river was almost always an option at the time.

It was also a castle with decades of resources and cash thrown its way, other castles of the same period didn't fare nearly as well.

A great many of the Irish castles of the Ulster plantation and onwards fell to undermining - Irish sappers dug tunnels and propped the undersides of the walls .. only to later burn out all the props and collapse the walls.

There were only so many castles that had water access, multiple layered defences and granite foundations all about that resisted tunnelling.
This sucks for Sonos.

Google can clone the Sonos hardware and kick Sonos off of YouTube Music. Which is exactly what they tried doing before.

Patents should benefit small companies with actual products in the market. The world shouldn't revolve around five tech giants.
i dont understand why i as a user would want a program to assert (i.e. crash) in an interactive program. i would lose all my in-progress work and have to start the program over from scratch. and chances are very low i will be able to report the bug to the programmer, for various reasons. so the programmer will never know about it. i will just keep having to restart the program over and over and workaround it.

i get that its better than memory corruption. but ... is it better than just muddling through and reporting you cannot do operation x?
The type that is 32 bits in C is int32_t, and the 64 bit one is int64_t; if you really want those specific widths, you can just use those types.

The type long is the smallest ranking basic type that is at least 32 bits wide. Since int is only required to go to 32767, you use long if you need a signed type with more range than that. That made a lot of sense on platforms where int really did go up to just 32767, and long provided the 32 bit one.

Now long, while at least 32 bits, is not required to be wider than 32; if you need a signed type that goes beyond 2147483647, then long long is it.

Those are the portability rules. Unfortunately, those rules will sometimes lead you to choose types that are wider than necessary, like long when int would have worked.

Where that matters, it's best to make your code tunable with your own typedefs. I don't mean typedefs like i32 but abstract ones, like ISO C's time_t or clock_t, or POSIX's pid_t. You can adjust your types without editing numerous lines of code.
> If you work in a project with automated tests that do not have sufficient coverage, this is just a spectacular way of blowing up production.

Great, I'd rather have this error cause a loud and obvious failure that can be easily hotfixed, than have it lead to subtly incorrect behavior that goes unnoticed for days and takes another day to debug.
Reiterating that only tokens are being generated is underlining that this ALL that is happening- No reasoning, no understanding.

Its not a dig at your knowledge.

ANd I can say this with some authority, because I have been trying to build LLM enabled tools that work only if LLMs can reason and plan. They don’t - they simply generate text.

You can test it out with building your own agent, or your own chained LLMs.

LLMs are analogus to an actors with memorized lines. They can sound convincingly like Doctors, but this is only skin deep.

To make it simpler - Karpathy said it in July, and the OpenAI CTO said it a few weeks ago - it’s easy to make PoCs but very hard to build production ready GenAI tools.

Our bags of flesh may be machines, however those machines are not simply biological LLMs.
I'm sorry guys, Eastern Canada has lost it's mind (and has been this way for some time) and keeps electing idiots....
Riccitello is the poster boy for failing this lesson:

- Dungeon keeper mobile
- Ultima Forever
1. Book: Godot 4 Game Development Projects by Chris Bradfield. It’s superb and a great permanent reference.

2. GameDevTv’s Godot 4 course

3. The 4 videos currently on Godotneers Youtube channel.

Those will get you there :)
Great, Canadians get to pay some shady VPN company $10-$20/month just to be able to use services the rest of the western world can for free.
> in theory, would give users a 50/50 chance of plugging it in correctly

That turned out to be an over-estimate.
But only the downloaded ones I assume, not evicted files?
> GDPR was mostly useless

Not at all, I think it achieved exactly what it was designed to do. The part where we blindly accept cookie banners without holding companies accountable for doing so much tracking (or put them in place without questioning if they're needed) is totally on us.

GDPR did give us the tools and the means, we just don't take full advantage of them.
3) Don't have paying customers in the EU.

4) Get a good lawyer who is well versed in international jurisdiction issues to avoid getting dragged to an EU court anyway. Possibly operate from a non-extradition country.
Yeah, it's the latency. For simple ones like the NES, they've managed to add some lag in emulators to get it picked up on modern screens. Not for more advanced ones like on the Playstation/2, Xbox, Dreamcast though.

Sometimes when people complain about a crt being "too dark", what I've found is it's when they have those 100hz/120hz tube lights on, it seems to interfere with them.
Wasn't fukushima down to this exact scenario, backup generators were unavailable to keep coolant pumping?
Incentives.

Politicians don't give a damn about being right, but rather to continue being elected.
The indentation changes are because of a removed if block.
> Unless they were defined to completely different types, that shouldn’t be an error

In this case it almost certainly will be - after all, the blog posts `byte` is defined as char, which could be signed or unsigned. A correct typedef for `byte` is `uint8_t`, so it's almost guaranteed that this will conflict.

Which is why I said it's best not to redefine the primitive types - you're almost certain to conflict with someone else who defined it differently.
Remind me to never work with you.
You likely wouldn't know if you had random bit flips. It'd manifest as silent data corruption. You might be okay with that. Others aren't.

It's not a matter of overclocking. Bit flips are a fact of life running with 32+ GB RAM. Leaving your machine on 24/7 (even if in sleep) stacks the odds against you.
> Just need to do a bunch of research and trial and error

Or just buy one?

> buy an OEM system

Who sells certified ECC systems with AMD at similar prices? I did look but didn’t find much already assembled.
What specifically did you find objectionable in his list of charities?
> You are basically suggesting that a fraud victim should be punished more than the money they lost

Their actions brought in more victims, and therefore investors ought to be wary of listening to them in future. They ought to be also punished by a hit to their reputation i.e. by being held partially responsible.
Huh, does it really have an MMU? I don't remember that when I coded for it back in the day, and wiki seems to be the only one saying that (uncited). It also doesn't make a lot of sense to be at that point in the system as it's so far away from the main bus matrix.

But perhaps my memory is going bad and my Google Fu is worse.

Edit: gbatek doesn't document an MMU in those cards either. https://problemkaputt.de/gbatek.htm#dscartexpansionram
It seems obscure, you’d probably have to pay for the records.

https://chat.openai.com/share/537dd325-1c5c-422b-8b4a-a44852...
I’ve built or been involved in building 4 closed source media asset management systems ( including my current place of work and one I cofounded) and you can get relatively far in the first month.

But the devil is in the details and most people that attempt it don’t even get the database models right on the first or second time, they underestimate the complexity particularly when it comes to video and struggle when the use cases widen. Document asset management systems are way easier but usually don’t understand media as in depth as a media asset management system.
My first look revealed nothing so heinous, care to share some details? I'm not sure I'd consider this guy part of the billionaire class if he, according to TFA, was living as a renter in SF and didn't own a car, and of course had already given away all of his business assets 40 years ago.
For China relationship, there should be reciprocity principle.
Yep. 99.9999% correct would mean 8 bit flips per megabyte of data stored in ram. The error rates are (thankfully) much lower than that (otherwise your computer wouldn’t boot). But random bit flips can cause utter havoc if they happen at the wrong time or place. If you download software from the internet, bit flips can introduce weird bugs to your software, only on your computer. (Including in the OS - including your filesystem or drivers). They can corrupt writes to your hard drive, and as a result corrupt your drive or files. Bit flips can quietly change the DNS request your browser sends to cause terrifying security problems. Or edit forms before you send them. There was even a case of a voting machine in Germany accidentally inventing 4096 votes due to a bit flip.

ECC is a really good idea. It’s only expensive right now because it’s a “premium feature”. If it were a standard part of all ram sticks, it’d be cheap and we’d all benefit.
Financial audits of public firms are not done through code. They're done by CPAs who copy files and generally run everything through generic Microsoft applications that aren't going to commit fraud for a bank.
While I'd generally agree and do not expect the government to do this correctly (no government succeeds with tech it seems), I do think there's a discussion to be had about just how search algorithms intersect with human rights issues.

The results you're fed are based on a profile of you, and how those results differ for people of different race, creed, economic background, etc. absolutely can become a human rights issue.

An extreme example of this might be: An indigenous user performs a search for how to get healthcare and the "AI" / "Algorithm" (whatever term you want) buries resources on much later pages of search results that are otherwise shown for caucasians. Replace "how to get healthcare" with "apply for a scholarship" or other similar concepts.

In practice I suspect nothing that awful is happening today but we do see all kinds of systems like this being only as good as the training data.
You know what, I think I actually did that. I remember now, it worked for some emails, but some of them it said were malformed and it couldn't open them (even though I use gmail to generate them in the first place).
Don't forget that we also only drink Mountain Dew Zero because water is yucky, and we have obligatory pet turtles with recursive acronym names.
Show HN: The Water Quality Dashboard: State Compliance over the Years
If you look closely, you'll see that it's not merely an indentation change. The bulk of the function used to be inside a large condition, but that has been changed to an early return. Still, it would have been a little nicer if it had been done in two commits.
You underestimate the game industry I think. It constantly invalidates its own technology every 2-3 years and is extremely sensitive to business model risks.
The simplest explanation is probably that, it was just simply done that way. There's no documented explanation why 70% of the staircases are clockwise. There's a myriad of things that we do in this world that don't have a basis for explanation, other than "it's just simply done that way".
> the tactile feedback of being slightly misaligned is identical to it being upside down.

Did that come out right?

(Asking as I have a similar hypothesis- depending on your answer.)
Huh. At this very moment I am listening to Jonathan Blow's talk to DevGAMM four years ago, which has this kind of glitch as a recurring motif.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSRHeXYDLko&t=2729s
Issues for unsupported platforms would be closed (RESOLVED WONTFIX) but they wouldn’t be deleted. Bugzilla’s default search songs only return open bugs. Here’s a search for all bugs with OS = “BeOS”. Maybe one of them is your bug?

https://mzl.la/3twxg9n
bugwards compatibility - sounds like a Microsoft thing.
Down-voted because...?
We punish banks for failing to do proper KYC even when they're also victims of fraud.
Also, every food is a salad: https://saladtheory.github.io/
I have a 4x1Gb i350 in my SFF EliteDesk and it can get quite warm. I've had to install an aftermarket small fan for peace of mind, since the case only has a CPU and a PSU fan which don't create any airflow over the extension cards.

How's a dual 10 GbE faring in the even smaller enclosure of those Lenovos? What's the noise situation? I wanted to switch my router and random home VM needs to an EliteDesk mini I have lying around but it only has a Gb port, so I was looking at thunderbolt 10 GbE adapters, but seeing how pricy they are, might as well get a new complete box.
CRT shaders are like Stockholm Syndrome. These shaders are replicating flaws of CRT displays. These filters ruin the retro pixel art look by making things blurry, making larger pixels, introducing a screen door, and more. These shaders are interesting as a challenge to try and emulate other displays, but I do not see a point to actually use them for gaming.
Gandi was acquired earlier this year and I wouldn't have so much faith in the new ownership just yet
Deterring foxes / badgers with TensorFlow, Raspberry Pi, cameras and ultrasound
You have to remember from 97 to 2001 we were doubling CPU speed about every year. from 233mhz or so to 1ghz rapidly. I remember getting Pentium 2 boxes at 200, then 333, then 400, p3 at 500 and it felt like a year later 700mhz onward to 1ghz.

add to that ram prices were dropping rapidly and PC cost too I believe so it's plausible you could easily find second hand machines from business or families upgrading - as a kid I got a bunch of $25 computers to build my first home lab with shortly after this time and ran Linux routing since before we had the gem of a wrt54g most routers were crap.
How often do you test your memory? The nice thing about ECC is it's always testing your memory, and (if it's set up properly!) you'll get notified when it begins to fail. Without ECC, your memory may begin to fail, and you'll have to deal with the consequences between when it starts to fail and when you detect it.

(Of course, I don't run ECC on my personal systems, but at least I'm wandering knowingly into the abyss)
I think one of the first to notice that was Ibn Khaldun in the 1300s in his famous book Muqaddimah.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqaddimah

Before the advent of industrialisation, when hunanity was still in the mathusian trap, the observation probably was true.
I believe every U.S. global systemically important bank has engaged in bid rigging or rate rigging.
To protect against trolls, sure.

To protect giant companies against small startups that are trying with all of their might? I'm not so sure.

In this case, Google can now clone Sonos' hardware and synchronized play algorithms and block Sonos from accessing YouTube Music.

I'm tired of Google, Apple, and Meta winning by default. They have unlimited resources to clone startups' entire products.

Big companies should be way more vulnerable to disruption.
Testing your memory detects if you have bad RAM, which ECC isn't going to help with anyway. Perfectly fine memory will experience random bit flips from environmental factors. Your PC components and UPS also degrade over time and can cause random bit flips. ECC is there to catch problems as they happen and ideally take corrective action before bad data propagates
>> settlement

Settled cultivators basically made huge swaths of Eurasian land uninhabitable to nomadic pastoralists because your grazing lands were settled (often completely unsustainably) until they ceased to exist.

"Not unlike [insert pathogen or reviled insect here]" (in quotes b/c I can't seriously compare humans to such things without revulsion; just an instructive parallel).

The "Great" Wall of China, interestingly, walls in vast areas of steppe and former Xiongnu grazing land.

Eurasian nomad wealth was overwhelmingly the "spoils" of trade, not raiding – and countless nomad-settled conflicts were cases of settled polities cutting off their noses to spite their faces by closing off trade with nomadic neighbors. Eventually, Eurasian trade patterns shifted from overland (the "silk road") to maritime routes, and the interior of the continent fell into a terminal recession. Until then (e.g. the Jungars) nomads continued to play an outsized role.

Some of the smarter nomad communities are still nomads. And 99% of developed/developing world population (including those with nomad ancestors) resemble pre-modern sedentary populations just as little as they do pre-modern nomad populations in their modes of life.
This is bad because it means Microsoft may try to make copilot worse to boost profit.

Like I can see them charge per completion, and charge too much so that it costs $100+/month to run for an average developer. Or crack down on unofficial "copilots" like https://github.com/zerolfx/copilot.el (although I really doubt more than 1% of completions go to these since they are niche tools; most people are using the official Copilot for VSCode)

It looks like there's a lot of competition though. I'll say right now, if Copilot gets worse and someone has a half-decent open-source alternative, I'll pay a substantial amount (possibly $50+/mo, which is a lot for a grad student), because AI code-completion is that useful
> Meanwhile the black market can sell tainted mislabeled products for as low as it takes to eat legal market share, with no overhead or taxes to worry about. With free delivery!

This only serves to further convince myself (and likely others) to pay the high prices. I don't need to get high, and I'm much more likely to pay for safety - just like in nearly every other product on the market that is marked up due to safety regulations. So given the choice, I'll cut back before I go with the unregulated.

I don't think I'm alone in this either, considering Canadians seem to have an international reputation (at least among some Americans) for being, among other things, risk-averse.
Sure, I get it, but no.

Sometimes you just need someone with a little dexterity and a willingness to care about their work.

That person shouldn't be billed out at hundreds of dollars per hour, especially when they're almost certainly being paid closer to $15.
I wouldn't connect that thing to the internet.
And you’d be spending resources on securing it and keeping it in your hands. Taxes are to buy in to a system that lets you sit at peace and not be constantly vigilant.
When can I have one of these to patrol around my house ?
Thanks. Looks like it's for a house much larger than mine, but that offers a hint of the sort of design for which to look.
It doesn’t have understanding, without a doubt. and if you doubt that you have definitely not tried to leverage this in complex settings.

Build something with LLMs. Build something complex that depends on reasoning. I tried multiple times, they failed hilariously. I looked at others and those projects are also failing at exactly the same spots. The people who built OpenAI acknowledge that PoCs are easy to build but production is a huge challenge.

This is simply because the emergent properties make it seem like LLMs reason or plan.

Sadly I don’t have the energy to dig deep into the details - the crux of it is that humans bring semantic veracity - we are the observers that create a valid state through observation.
LLMs are essentially Text based auto tune.

The fastest way to test this is to build something - like a team of independent agents. Even without getting into context window issues, you will VERY quickly see how semantically unaware LLMs are.
I've read Sculley's book as a teenager and I remember that it made a big impression on me, even though I don't remember much. I think the PepsiCo part was really gripping.
That's basically the reputation of a significant number of private equity firms. Their standard operating procedure is to load the company up with debt, cut R&D, cut investment into the product, cut wages and raise prices to increase short-term profits while pretending you're trying to turn around the company and save it. That's basically why Sears and K-Mart don't exist anymore[0] and why so many newspapers fired their journalists and replaced most of the local news with national news from the wire services[1].

[0]: https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/16/investing/retail-sears-privat...

[1]: https://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/faculty-research/...
PCgamer:

> Incidentally, the late Steve Jobs deserves a tip-of-the-hat for helping USB become a long-lasting standard. It was in 1998 that USB made some real headway, courtesy of the iMac G3, the first computer to ship with only USB ports for external devices (there were no serial or parallel ports). That came three years after USB 1.0 debuted, with a data rate of 12Mbps.

Also PCgamer:

> Given that it was a protocol designed to counter the typically Apple expense of sticking Firewire onto a motherboard, cost was the biggest reason for the eventual success of USB as a thing

Apple started building FireWire 400 into Macs when 12Mbps USB 1.0 was not really an equivalent. USB 2.0 didn't make the cut for the first generation iPod but was supported on subsequent models.
I try to be polite, in a work context at least.

I preface the email with "2 minute read; 3 questions to answer" or some such.

I don't write many emails these days though.
Gives us something tangible to compare.
This isn't necessarily true. I tried to measure the PWM of my Cree and Philips smart bulbs, and what I found is that for RGB mode, they used PWM, but for white mode (which appears to use a 2700k led and 6500k led) they current dim both leds, and then use PWM to pulse the warm and cool leds on and off to achieve the target warmth. The Philips bulb actually syncs this so while the warm led is on, the cool led is off, and vice versa, so even though there is flicker, the total lumens eminating from the bulb is constant.
I knew my own gear and how the ports were oriented.
> Especially since we don't know how much redundancy is built in to this system.

For us to read an article before making dismissive comments isn't merely polite--it's essential for us to be able to communicate effectively with each other.

The article explains that this plant has two backup diesel generators, both of which have been having problems. (It also links to older articles detailing the plant's long history of negligence in fixing problems after they were discovered--this wasn't the first time.)

> People should calm down about calling for license revocations because something turned out to be imperfect. The standard applied to nuclear power safety is excessive.

Imagine for a moment that you live in a rented home, and for twenty years, the plumbing has been repeatedly cracking and leaking, and each time you tell the landlord, they wait weeks or months before calling a plumber, who only puts temporary patches on the leaks. Would you be satisfied each time the plumber eventually comes? Or would you like to hold your landlord and plumber to a higher standard than nuclear safety?
I'm looking at a receipt floating around my room from my trip to Chicago in May.

Cook county tax 2.75%
Illinois state tax 6.25%
Chicago city tax 1.25%

This thing I bought had a sticker price of $11.90

How much did I pay?
Weekdays with Pope Gregory