skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
ISO/TS 22028-5:2023
Photography and graphic technology — Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipulation and interchange — Part 5: High dynamic range and wide colour gamut encoding for still images (HDR/WCG)

https://www.iso.org/standard/81863.html

Note that, in this specification’s title, “HDR” refers to luminosity ranges that are broader than sRGB supports, and “WCG” refers to colorspaces that are broader than sRGB supports.

Apple’s video is focused on the HDR component of still images, which is relatively new and not yet finalized into any ISO or W3C standards.

Support for WCG images is already widespread courtesy of ICC profiles, though many holdouts (such as Slack and Discord) continue to damage WCG images posted to their services.

Quoting Apple’s video transcript at this time index:

https://developer.apple.com/wwdc23/10181?time=205

> This specification, TS22028-5, provides a structure for encoding HDR content into existing still image formats without compromising quality.

> The specification requires Hybrid Log-Gamma, HLG, or Perceptual Quantizer, PQ, as the encoding transfer function. These are functionally analogous to the gamma curves used in SDR images.

> The color primaries for ISO HDR files are the BT.2020 primaries

> HDR images are required to be 10 bits or more per component. This means that some formats, like HEIF, can encode HDR, but some others, like traditional JPEG, are not able to be 22028-5 compliant, as they only support 8 bits per component.

PNG only supports 8-bit or 16-bit, making it quite inefficient for 10- and 12-bit HDR. However, JPEG-XL seems to support 10 bits or more per component. This may provide supporting context for why Apple began supporting a new image format this fall.

> for required metadata, both traditional ICC profiles and CICP tags are valid.
Dynamic LLM Automation Platform and Challenges in Enterprise LLM Adoption
To be clear I agree and my comment was adding to yours rather than arguing against it
Not just that - the kicker is everything that already exists (libraries, JDBC drivers, etc) are now just automagically non-blocking too if you seed the thread pool with a virtual thread factory.

I can't remember the last time such a transparent, drop-in-able change was so impactful for just about everything.

While it doesn't remove the need for the event/reactive/async paradigm in all cases, it does removes the need for async code just for the sake of being non-blocking.

Code can now be written much more clearly, and still be non-blocking. That's huge.
They now have to pay by include tictacto to the credit page.
Not everywhere, but certainly Europe is. I think you're focusing too much on the ethnicity and ignore the really important things like cultural and thought diversity.
Show HN: I built an AI based dynamic word guessing game
I knew exactly which video you linked before I even clicked on it. Very timely! (Why Korea is Dying Out - Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell)
YouTube has been getting passive aggressive lately. My homepage is gone now because I have search history off. It used to just show me videos of channels I'm subscribed to but now I have to click on "Subscribed" to instead. Anyone know a quick way to redirect the root and ONLY root page of Youtube to my subscriptions on Firefox and Safari? I'm a premium subscriber btw so this is just obnoxious. For those unaware, if you browse anonymously you get ads even if logged into Premium.
I have yet to find a proper replacement for bash. Especially for scripts.

The two most common alternatives are 1) using some of the newer shells people have created, like Oil shell [0], or 2) using programming language like Python, JavaScript, or PHP.

The problem with using a newer shell is that you'll have to install the new shell anywhere you want to use the script. Meanwhile bash is ubiquitous. Unless you're the only one maintaining the script, you're requiring others to learn the other shell to maintain the script.

The problem with using another programming language is that they rarely have good ergonomics for doing what bash does: stringing together commands, command input, command output, and files. If you try to do that in another programming language, things suddenly get a lot more complicate or at least more verbose.

So I still use bash, but I recognize that it's strength is in running other commands and dealing with I/O. If I'm doing complicated logic that doesn't involve that, then I'll offload my work to another language. Sometimes that just means calling a python script from bash, not avoiding bash completely.

If people found that they work better by taking other approaches, the please share them.

[0] https://www.oilshell.org
Learn and use curl, then you won’t have any issues like this. You can make some scripts in Python or something, too.

I say this because the last three tools I used for this all got shitty (postman, insomnia, and thunder client).
I've talked extensively to friends about this because I see nothing. I can picture nothing. It's just a void. Interestingly, it hasn't always been this way for me. I remember when I was in elementary and middle school, I could take exams and see the page the answer was on in the textbook in my mind. I'm not sure when or how I lost it, but it's gone. I do sometimes dream in video, though.

For me, most of what happens in my mind is sound. I always "hear" music in my head, though my inner monologue doesn't have a voice. It's more like I just "know" what I'm thinking. I don't hear anything in my head when I read, which allows me to read pretty quickly. I'm not saying that I don't subvocalize or whatever, but if I do it it isn't producing any sounds in my brain.

Some people can apparently picture the scenes they read in books. See the beach, see the characters, etc. I have talked extensively with friends about this stuff and some of them say it's ultra vivid, like watching a movie in their mind. I find that wild. There is an anecdote about Richard Feynman and another scientist or mathematician and how they kept time differently. If I remember, one saw the clock in their mind and the other relied on counting aloud mentally. I'm not sure where I read it, sorry.
It works for me, but quite unstable.
The ads don't always have to be injected into the exact same parts of a video, and YT can also choose not to stream any more bits until it thinks something's been "watched".
Why Git Is Hard
The youtube company wants me to stop unblocking their ads. That's okay, I'll still keep watching that garbage.
> At every larger company I've worked for, that breaks down right away. It's really not hard to see how processing some larger proto/json/soap/xml msg can slow the entire system down.

What's the problem with thread-per-connection in this case? It usually works well when application code is moderately heavy since the overhead from threads is very small in comparison.

By contrast I've often seen issues in event driven systems without work stealing where heavy requests slow everything else down.

I think work stealing is a sensible default for an event driven system in a language like Rust. But I do sometimes find myself wishing for the option to write non-async threaded http servers with zero-copy send.
I hate A/B testing. Puts the feedback and protest mechanism working on those who complain the most.

If you are a techie, you are forced to yell or silent quit the website, and most of the times I really don't have the time to waste yelling.
I use ad-block everywhere, but this is the right take. Youtube even gives an option to use it without ads.
Is "the fine-grained truth is technically not known" biased?
Where was that logic when they were crushing all the competition by subsidizing Youtube with the rest of Google's money?
I have a bottle of champagne put aside for when I can finally quit windows. I’m actively porting my software stack and dependencies to cross platform so it’ll be pretty soon. They’ve clearly taken their monopoly position for granted and now there is serious inertia behind getting rid of them. I’m actually responding to customer demand for cross platform so the customers are clearly hating windows as well.

The thing about ads is that quite often whatever you will pay to remove it, someone will pay more to put it back. Paying to remove ads is a signal that you’re the exact kind of person they want to send ads to. So not having ads has to both be either a moral position instead or a long term sustainability position. Microsoft expect their monopoly status to sustain them and have been ratcheting up their abuse of their monopoly to extract more money. In my view they’re on track to losing that privilege.

Just recently YouTube has started blocking videos due to add blocker presence. I already pay producers via patreon and I guess I will just go watch over there. YouTube is a bad habit I need to break and their new policy will help me do that.

Oh, and while I’m shitting in windows; the defender has made file access almost unusably slow, and I get intermittent stuttering both in games and with music on an absolute overkill of a computer speced this way precisely because it needs to run windows.
Why do people just roll over and accept such bullshit? When have workers become such pussies? A century ago, people risked their lives (and some died) striking to improve working conditions. Today, people just accept management's asinine policies.

Perhaps people are so checked out that they don't care if the policies make any sense at all, as long as they get their paychecks on time.
What incentives are there to learn Unreal if the money you make with it will be dipped into? That percentage is subject to change, too.

I don't want the success of my game to ride on paying my game's protection/engine licensing fee. It's hard enough to make money with a game and Unreal makes it harder.
Yep agree with all you said. Nowadays new job every year people at work are scaring me with their enthusiasm to replace decades old solid Java applications which are performant and working fine with Kotlin and what not.
> weights in memory

That's basically how our neurons work. New neuron growth and connection isn't much of a factor in learning. Rather it's the synaptic restructuring (equivalent to AI model weights) that change relatively quickly.

So we need to figure how how to "grow" mechanical brains. I envision this being done with a new generation of FPGAs tailored to this task.
How would youtube work without ads or subscriptions? Do you just not want there to be something like youtube?
I get that it's annoying, but YouTube Premium is by far the best value streaming subscription I pay every month. I once cancelled it and couldn't make it a day before re-subscribing.
Where did it say or imply they'd be accessible without ads? YouTube has had ads since the early days (2008 specifically).
Just judging from the example, fixpdfs seems targeted at unprofessional scans with a smartphone camera. A stand alone scanner should produce good enough results. But maybe your advice still works if you replace scanner companies with something else?
> I don't understand why an instantly-settled debit transaction required a percentage based fee, rather than a flat one.

Because they can. Because banks, utilities, insurance companies, etc. all sell products that you in one way or another are required to buy, and as such, they can set the terms of that exchange knowing damn well you'll pay the vast majority of the time.
A miserable little pile of applications. But enough talk, have at you!
I'm old enough to remember when YouTube neither had ads nor YouTubers created videos to make money off it.
This kind of screenshot/recording software always made me curious what the security practices are around the recorded data. If you are doing any sort of DevOps, chances are you will, at some point, have a secret key visible on the screen. Giving non-security minded people access to this recorded data just feels like a data leak waiting to happen.
It depends somewhat on your job.

When I was a techie I tried to be focused on one thing at a time as much as possible. Still liked two screens though!

In many other roles though, having your email and your working document open, or having excel and PowerPoint open, or help docs and your code, or the operational plan and the server terminals, et cetera, are massive efficiency multipliers.

Basically I'm at a place where one monitor feels claustrophobic, especially if it's just the teeny laptop monitor. 2 are enough. 3 is nice. I wouldn't know what to do with 4 32" ones either!!
It doesn’t work on X11, and the cursor is not showing. But if don’t need it, works pretty well.
you're mad they didn't start charging and pushing ads earlier?
Show HN: Use Python docstrings as exception messages
The following exception

@dataclass
class PodBayDoorsStillClosed(DocumentedError):
"""
I’m sorry, {self.user_name}.

I’m afraid I can’t do that.
"""

user_name: str

when raised as

raise PodBayDoorsStillClosed('Dave')

will print

PodBayDoorsStillClosed: I’m sorry, Dave.

I’m afraid I can’t do that.

Reduce the boilerplate, use more exception classes to better express the business logic, or invent your own use cases :) Can be tried out as:

pip install documented

which works for Python ⩾ 3.8.1.
> You could say the same about the taxes used to pay for public schools.

Absolutely, because it is true. Especially considering how much we overpay for public schools (costs having been rising faster than inflation for decades with no improvement in student outcomes).
Designing Databases for Performance: What's Your Strategy? (2009)
Play it here in online emulation (PET 2001):

https://www.masswerk.at/pet/?prg=pssp&ram=32k&keyboard=games...

For some more PET games by Jim Orlando, ready to run in the emulator, see:

https://www.masswerk.at/pet/prgs/#jim_orlando

(BTW, if you are there, also check the star icon next to the help button on the top, for some amazing PETSCII demos.)

Edit: Maybe worth noting, the PET isn't only limited to it's built-in block character set, it originally came without sound, as well. However, it was soon figured out that there is a shift register connected to the user port and, if you connect a speaker to that pin, you can produce pulse audio at 1 MHz by this. (In "free running" mode, this shift register will rotate and its current LSB is exposed on that pin, each clock cycle. What's audible are the high/low state changes of that bit.) Commodore gladly adopted this scheme and added an internal piezo speaker in subsequent models. Still, every bit of sound coming out of the PET is a clever hack.
Unless there is a quoted comma or an empty column beforehand (nl “helpfully” skips empty lines for numbering purposes).
I went looking to see what the criteria are for a Nobel prize, as I too think the idea of bitcoin getting one is ridiculous.

I don’t find much - except that the prize in economic sciences isn’t a Nobel prize.

“The prize in economic sciences is not a Nobel Prize. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) instituted “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel”, and it has since been awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences according to the same principles as for the Nobel Prizes.”

https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/economic-sciences/
Was it lifted prior to the dependency on OpenSSL? Perhaps, and never retro-fixed?
If you praise her for her bravery it makes Iran look bad which implicitly makes the West look good and we cannot have that kind of thing around here.
This is a nice idea, but it's like all those open source projects out there that you use that could use donations, but few remember to actually donate (or buy merch). Long-term subscriptions of one form or another (e.g. Patreon) are really the only way to ensure sustainability.
I used to work in ads, and I agree this is an arms race that the advertisers could win, at least in cases like YouTube where they control the whole stack. I don't think it would be trivial, but YouTube could do it if they decided to.
What I do is click the 'Report' button in the corner of that notification and then file a report saying that I received this pop-up, but that I do not have an adblocker.

I like to think that if enough of us file reports, Youtube will think their system is falsely detecting adblockers.
It's going to be very interesting to see how the people who insisted on getting off-label prescriptions fare in court.
Memes Explained by GPT-4V
Chapel 1.32.0 Released
Stars are ejected from galaxies all the time. Usually this causes no problems to experiment designs which assume that each galaxy acts as an isolated Petri dish, but sometimes a star is ejected with a planetary system capable of supporting life, and on a trajectory where it may interact with another galaxy during the stellar life time. In that case, of necessity, when the star enters the sterilization zone between galaxies it must be sterilized to preserve the validity of the Experiments.
If you are on Windows and have extra laptops of devices hanging around SpaceDesk https://www.spacedesk.net/ to a great free app (not open source). I use it with on my Windows Dev machine (WSL2 FTW) and use old laptops as external displays. It works well even on WiFI.
PostWoman (now called Hopscotch) is a foss clone of (possibly an older version) Postman if you want a 1:1.

https://hoppscotch.io/

If you want "curl but friendly", I like httpie -
https://httpie.io/cli
I do not understand why people refuse to pay for other people's work, even indirectly.

YouTube Premium gives creators a pretty decent cut as well, coming from someone with monetized youtube vids...
Make smooth AI generated videos with AnimateDiff and an interpolator
This is a subjective and semi-informed opinion, but I don't really see that RAG is "a hack". The value of LLMs isn't their ability to regurgitate information. Computers could do that already, with databases, or even flat files. As I see it, the value of LLMs is their ability to interact with human language and abstract concepts.

There are situations where you have some limited amount of relatively static data you want to add to your model. In those situations you'll get value from fine tuning the model.

But if you have a large set of data to add, or data that updates frequently, then a model that understands human language and basic logical reasoning hooked into a RAG makes much more sense. That strikes me as an elegant solution. I don't see that as "a hack" at all.
That's going to happen regardless, that's just the nature of Ethernet, or even just existing in reality. TCP has to deal with the same thing. Either way the solution is the same: acks and retransmissions.
Can I ask which city that is where your friend is enjoying life?
Yeah but I don't see how I personally am contributing by watching an ad without buying the product being advertised. Either the advertiser loses out or YouTube loses out, and I'd rather pick the option that doesn't waste my time.
That's an interesting hypothesis. Is that applicable to platforms other than programming languages?
Are these the sprites? As in the thunderstorm provides a field raising the likelihood of interaction and a oh my god particle slaps through the earth into the field?
unless the weight of your t-shirt is a cause for great worry, it's not a burden.
Sorry but what exactly do you base that on? They are very much so designed to exploit the out-of-order, speculative, super-scalar nature of modern CPUs. vqsort is pure, well done SIMD and yet how do you explain that graph https://github.com/Voultapher/sort-research-rs/blob/main/wri... if your claims are true? Also there are reasons why SIMD is not a good fit for every situation.
I wonder if it would kill a flea, or barring that, a bacterium.
I don’t feel like there’s any conflict.

The ad blockers want a free ride.

We all know what would happen to YouTube if 100% of its users were able to block ads. It would become paid-only or go out of business. The only reason it’s tolerated by so many websites is because only a small sliver of users know how to install ad-blocking software.

These are real people spending real time and money making content. On the YouTube corporate side of things, the people who make YouTube what it is are real people with real families to feed with their salaries. They work full time and then some to keep the site running and lots of resources (computers, energy, etc) are used to serve the content.

It’s funny to me how the software engineering community seems to be the most enthusiastic about stealing the fruits of their own labor. I see people on HN all the time advocating for forever licenses of software, pushing back against the service business model. It’s like you all want a lower salary.

You’d rarely find other types of professionals and artists trying to advocate for their own customers finding ways around paying for their work.

YouTube Premium is a great product and one of the few streaming services I’m enthusiastic about.

I will admit, I do use an ad blocker, but I’ve got as much right to do that as a website has the right to cripple my experience if they detect that I’m using it. In those cases, I just turn it off and add the site to my exceptions, or I don’t return to the website. It’s not a big deal.
I think I'm with you, but I'm not sure if you're putting too much emphasis on visual.

It certainly doesn't seem to come from the same place as regular vision does, but they do say "mind's eye". I can imagine an apple, and even slice it up, spin it around, pour water on it. It has a colour, and can have any colour.

I always wondered how memories seemed (TFA touches on this but not in detail) to people who claimed to be minds-eye-blind. Can you not put yourself back on that beach when you were in your mid twenties? Can you not remember his/her eyes/hair/smile/etc at all? Isn't it kind of an image?

As an aside, the apple thing is actually slightly easier if I dedicate only part of my attention to it, like casually rotating it while writing this text, than if I close my eyes and focus. But I've been working all day so clear focus in general is hard to attain right now.
Unless there are bugs?

I read that the computer game Eve online (never played it) slows down when there are big battles with many players. Sounds a lot like black holes. Time slows there down too - too many calculations? Planck time is the tick rate of the universe? Can pauses happen?
Sponsorblock would be easy to work around if ad-breaks were randomly selected. Whenever you upload a video YT could process the video and "search" for good ad-break locations, at display time client bits get pushed ads randomly, making time-code blocking useless.

They could even upsell to content creators by giving them the means to dynamically replace sponsors in old videos using the same tech, maybe with some knobs and switches for content creators to select where sponsor breaks occur.
I'd say they already added the value but never charged for it, until now. Seems fair to me.