skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The research for LLMs has been ongoing for years, and all of these company's contributed bleeding edge research using models they internally trained but did not release.

For a while it was largely academic and not crazy useful (GPT2ish era).

After this they had internal LLM's that could potentially be used to make products. This is where the companies split in their approaches. Google was overly cautious from what I've heard, they were concerned about "safety". Then openai released GPT3.5 and soon after GPT4. During this time Meta took the approach of just releasing their research model outright without first building it into a product. Google then scrambled to build products from their LLMs.

tl;dr - everyone of those are big players in the ML/AI space and had internally trained models for their research. We just recently crossed the line where these models became useful thus this scramble to release products (or the models themself).

EDIT: It's worth noting that the big breakthrough paper about transformers (Attention is All you Need) was released in 2017. People started scaling up the parameter count, optimizing training time, inference cost, etc. since then.
its funny because postman started out as a chrome extension
Well there goes the idea that Republicans stop caring about babies after they are born.
She was LOVELY in person as well. I got her to sign my copy of How DNS Works.
Totally agree. That article is from the POV of the company. The current situation loosely reminds me of the 80s and 90s and the fight over digital distribution. It's going to take a long time for the law and the business to catch up to the technology. When I first saw this article, I kind of cringed, but I think its a worthy experiment in a spectrum of solutions.
I’m not a curl pro but devtools ‘copy as curl’ gets me 95% there most of the time.

That said, thanks! Didn’t know about this. Definitely adding to the toolbox.
I assume they don’t, you can force constraints to be followed by manipulating the logits.
They got that from the availability rate, not the vacancy rate. You can see the percentages they list in the article for each town correspond roughly to the "R&D Availability Rates Select Silicon Valley Cities" figure on Page 5
Yep, did exactly that. IMO he threw a fit, even though AMD was working with him squashing bugs. https://github.com/RadeonOpenCompute/ROCm/issues/2198#issuec...
Very cool! I was briefly toying with something similar just last week.

Main challenge I see is character consistency. I really like the way you set up the prompts, but even so:

Outfit - a simple black sleeveless gi with white pants, a black belt tied around his waist

In two consecutive panels, the output swaps the colors (first panel gets it right, second panel has white gi, black pants).

Curious how you'll tackle this challenge!
The reason I use VSCode is Code Server[0]. It is certainly not as powerful as IntelliJ, but the I have to get used to it because the web-based IDE is a must for me.

By the way, unless my English is terribly bad, calling someone lunatic for their choice of IDE may not be a great idea.

[0] https://github.com/coder/code-server
That's mostly when there isn't a lot of price elasticity of demand. If you're Comcast and Verizon, each customer wants one internet connection and you're not going to change the size of the market much by offering better prices.

If you're AMD and NVIDIA and lowering the price would double the number of customers, you might very well want to do that, unless you're supply constrained -- which has been the issue because they're both bidding against everyone else for limited fab capacity. But that should be temporary.

This is also a market with a network effect. If all your GPUs are $1000 and nobody can afford them then nobody is going to write code for them, and then who wants them? So the winning strategy is actually to make sure that there are kind of okay GPUs available for less than $300 and make sure lots of people have them, then sell very expensive ones that use the same architecture but are faster.

That has been the traditional model, but the lack of production capacity meant that they've only been making the overpriced ones recently. Which isn't actually in their interests once the supply of fab capacity loosens up.
Ticket for nginx support [1] created 2yrs ago, updated 27 hours ago

Discussion for HAProxy [2] Hoping wtarreau chimes in

OpenSSL [3]

[1] - https://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/2275

[2] - https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy/issues/1924

[3] - https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/7482
I don't know to what extent this kind of perspective matters compared to the obviously more common usage of obese people with serious diet control problems, but I come at this more from a physique sport angle. I have no real interest in getting big and don't want to use steroids, so I don't actually compete, but I do lift nearly every day, run nearly every day, and have become extremely lean, probably currently somewhere in the area of 6-7%. My experience of using this myself and of seeing other people use it is from this perspective, people who were never all that fat to begin with and are just looking for it to be easier to be extremely not fat.

And in those communities and in my personal experience, this kind of thing virtually never happens. I've been in a calorie deficit since roughly mid May at this point, and have felt no nausea, haven't vomited, have felt nothing, really. I can barely tell I'm taking a drug. The only perceivable effect is I'm not hungry, and this seems to be the common takeaway from bodybuilders and models and what not doing this. My wife has been taking it for over a year and a half now and has had no side effects.

But I'm not out there trying to maintain my pizza and ice cream diet while outsourcing portion control to a drug. I'm also not trying to lose 80 pounds in a year. I don't eat out, weigh and measure and plan all of my food, and haven't had a dessert or a drop of alcohol since last Christmas. Likely won't have another until this Christmas.

It's just something to keep in mind depending on your specific goals. I feel like, at least until I stopped reading the news, I was getting bombarded almost daily with scare articles like this claiming you'll be miserable, sick, your face will sag and age prematurely, all kinds of ridiculous shit. I can't speak to what it's like to have lifelong problems with food habits and to be over a hundred pounds past the recommended BMI range, or what any means of changing that will do to you. But if you are a reasonably fit person who wants to be absolutely shredded, or someone who has been and can be shredded and has lost weight plenty of times before, but just want it to not be a miserable four months, these drugs are absolute gold. Not just bodybuilders, but dancers, gymnasts, climbers, weight class fighter, anyone with a strong incentive to be very lean most of the time. Maybe we don't matter as much to public health compared to fighting the obesity epidemic, and maybe we're not very common on a place like Hacker News where most readers are probably sedentary and have never been athletes, but we're still a demographic and the GLP-1 revolution has been a godsend for us. They're far safer than anything that existed previously. They just take what you were already doing and put it in easy mode.
I checked out of postman for a few years. Color me confused in this thread until I figured that part out.
> I've had very different results.

That is very interesting. I can't think of a single time the Google built-in LLM has worked for me, let alone surprised and delighted me with a technical answer. I'm sure it's great at a lot of things, but it's not a replacement for SO yet.
> We just don't need the sensationalism - it turns people off and away from all the silliness.

And flat out ignoring it turns you into a Republican, and clearly hasn't accomplished anything so far.

You can't complain about say, food prices, and also not recognize how the weather in the last few decades is a contributor to food yields.

But no, expensive food prices is the President's fault (either current or prior), and talking about it is sensationalism.
So no code with permissive licenses has any financial value? I release all my code under MIT which means people are free to do whatever they want with it, including training their AI on it.
To be fair, the preamble can be easily considered just an electrical signal due to its objective (sync) which doesn't affect how the network works.
I'm an admirer of the working parents with child rearing by the grandparents. Didn't work out in our case.
The upside: annoying so many content providers (many of whom put a lot of work into their videos) AND many viewers of those channels, swings the door wide open for competitors to step in.

Yeah in its field YT is the 800lb gorilla. But it doesn't own the content on there. And eg. P2P video streaming is a thing. So as soon as someone connects the dots in a way that competes with YT seriously, YT's death could be swift. Wouldn't be the 1st time a once-popular platform dies overnight.
I'll still write bash, but only if it's very trivial (~ <= 10-ish lines, no super-complex conditionals, etc). For anything else, it's worth stepping up to just about any more-robust language. If you don't like the hoops that something like Python makes you go through for basic shell-like operations, maybe try Perl? For middling-complexity scripts, perl can be a nice win over bash, without all the development overhead of Python. Perl5 is pretty much installed everywhere and universally compatible for anything but the very latest language features.
It’s not grandiose at all. It’s rather easy to make LLMs follow constraints - many such examples but I’ll shamelessly self plug: https://paperswithcode.com/paper/most-language-models-can-be...
In addition to other reasons, Alaska was accepted as a state either last or second-last -- I remember in the same year as Hawaii but I don't know if one was officially accepted before the other. I suspect that history would cause people in older generations to think of Alaska when there's a state to arbitrarily drop from some calculation and younger generations would mimic that tendency.
One of my favorite workflow engines that has a really simple way to do things was not listed here, so I'll call it out - Netflix Conductor (https://github.com/Netflix/conductor).

Its capabilities comes to light when you model really complex workflows and one real value is how its all very visual not just during modeling but when running it. The history remains visible and you can even see how the whole flow evolved.
Totally. I didn’t say “it won’t be studied,” I’m saying the data won’t be “great,” as described above.
It looks like you posted a Show HN about it:

Show HN: FixPDFs – Automatic PDF correction for document scans - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37702373

I'd be willing to send you a repost invite for that if you'd be willing to open it up for people to try out. (Currently it looks like they have to send an email.)

Invited reposts go into in HN's second-chance pool (https://news.ycombinator.com/pool, explained at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26998308), so they will get a random placement on HN's front page.
If you’re on macOS, my preferred tool is Paw/Rapid API https://paw.cloud/
Do you believe that thermodynamic equations require the outcomes that I responded to?
Can confirm; supercomputers don't slot neatly enough into quartly EPS goals.
Me too! Guru meditations and all.
Having taken it, I can say that attempting a half-dose of Wegovy pens would have wildly varying results. The smaller Ozempic pens can easily titrate down, but Wegovy pens are not at all designed for it.
Who can afford this, especially in Arizona? Even FAANG people are (mostly) not making enough money to justify to themselves purchasing a home like this.
Those follow normal punctuation rules in that the first letter of the proper noun is capitalized.
What's odd is that a common side effect with semaglutide medications is a severe reaction to alcohol. Anecdotally, I vomit any time I have alcohol in beer sized doses. In fact, semaglutide is being investigated as a potential treatment for Alcoholism. (https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/08/28/1194526...)

So I think "other medications" is doing a lot of heavy lifting here. It depends on what medications they're talking about. I think since incretin mimetics are more "social" medications and taken usually by a younger crowd, it would make sense that more people are drinking than maybe other groups.
Not sure how semiotics is relevant.
Thanks for all three links; it's getting late here, so this is only going to touch on the first part of your message.

> Shibata 1994, Propagation of Solar Neutrons <https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03175>

If I'm reading that figure right, at sea level the attenuation is at least a factor of 2000 for all energies they're graphing. That sounds about right to me.

I realise now that I may have been unclear in intent previously: if you look at figure 2, and then consider a typical solid or liquid's cross sectional mass density, hopefully that explains why I was speaking of neutron mean free path of centimetres — 100g/cm^2 is 1m of water.

However this is just the initial condition, and I don't think this scenario is one where the atmospheric density can be accurately approximated as constant over time.
> Hyperbole this dumb doesn't deserve further answers.

So...you are saying this...from Medicaid's own website...isn't true?

https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/eligibility/estate-recover...

You are really good at insulting me.

You are also good at constructing things I did not say and then arguing against your own imagination.

Excellent on both points.

Sadly, that does not change reality.
Yes! Postman is git-hostile i.e developer unfriendly.
It's actually been a bit. I haven't published in 90 days, because of that I lost monetization status and I can't see my previous payment breakdowns.

^^ Reasons I don't like youtube. I will keep looking. If I remember correctly it was like 15-20% of total revenue I was getting - of course it depended on the period.
tl;dr: since we tend to dream about current worries: yes.
We need to keep having biological children, or else there will be as many retired elderly as there are workers (though no country has gotten that bad yet). That's bad for the economy. South Korea is going to be the first to go through the worst of it.

Every developed country is experiencing birth rate declines, and all we can do about it is compete for skilled workers across countries and bring in an underclass of immigrants from Africa, where the birth rate is still high.

I also just don't think it's immoral to prefer having a child of your own blood if it's possible, or to prioritize your kith and kin above other people. Everyone does it to some extent. It's only bad when it goes to extremes, like nationalism, racism, or nepotism.
A supercomputer might cost $200M and use $6M of electricity per year.

Amortizing the supercomputer over 5 years, a 12 hour job on that supercomputer may cost $63k.

If you want it cheaper, your choices are:

A) run on the supercomputer as-is, and get your answer in 12 hours (+ scheduling time based on priority)

B) run on a cheaper computer for longer-- an already-amortized supercomputer, or non-supercomputing resources (pay calendar time to save cost)

C) try to optimize the code (pay human time and calendar time to save cost) -- how much you benefit depends upon labor cost, performance uplift, and how much calendar time matters.

Not all kinds of problems get much uplift from CUDA, anyways.
It shortens nicely to Xitter. With the x lending itself to a gentle "sh" sound.
CUDA is buggy proprietary shit that doesn't work half the time or segfaults with compiler errors.

Basically, unless you have a very specific workload that NVidia has specifically tested, I wouldn't bother with it.
The concept is a weak one as it combines physical limits with things more along the lines of "desirables".

We could strip mine the planet (subject to limits on waste heat), all eat bio-engineered yeast or whatever.
This is false dichotomy. We are doing things about it - but those things take time to mature and become ready. The Zealots just cannot fathom things not being good enough to act catastrophically right now.

We simply are not ready yet to ditch fossil fuels and go full-electric - among other things. There will be a day, yes, and that day might be within our lifetimes (hopefully), but forcing it right now when it's clearly not ready is so incomprehensibly short-sighted that it borders on insanity. We cannot even keep the lights on year-round as it is.

Imaging going full-eclectic everything today. The amount of pain the nation would feel would lead to an irreversible backwards slide of all the progress that's been made. It would set the climate activist agenda back decades.

My point is, the cooler heads need to prevail here. We are marching ever-towards a cleaner future - we just aren't there yet. We need to stop the silly posturing and tribal signals, such as plastic straw bans and what-not, and focus on what actually matters... and not force it until it's actually ready.
Your memory might be hazy. YouTube made an explicit ToS change on June 1st, 2021 in order to allow them to monetize non-partner videos. They call this the "right to monetize": https://support.google.com/youtube/thread/110289140/updates-...
The whole point is in these older numerical codes is that they're proven and there's a long history of results to compare against.
Prices seemed to have lowered when AMD came out with CPUs competitive with Intel's.
TBH most of the time you don't have to think at all. Compiler says "you need those annotations" and you copy/paste them and then you move on. It's really incredible to me that people are acting like this is some extremely onerous process, like writing a dozen characters causes some sort of incredible pain.
Is this sort of thing higher the longer you use it? If it’s only for 3-6 months to get the ball rolling and getting you walking and eventually into a gym it’s probably worth the risk. It really shouldn’t be a long term thing should it?

I was gaining a lot of weight and simply walking for 30min was exercise (which sounds embarrassing in retrospect as I type it). So I did that daily around the neighborhood. That got easier, all I cared about was doing it daily not the outcomes, then I started going on a bike rides with slow increasing intensity, then got a gym membership, and now 2yrs later I’m in excellent shape, addicted to the feeling after working out, and do ~45min of fitness 5 days a week.

I know binge eating seems to be the issue with this one in particular but for me I naturally started to eat better on days I do fitness, I feel like eating things that give me energy. My body demands it. When I had relapses into not doing daily fitness I almost always eat poorly in a negative cycle just sitting on the couch drinking alcohol because I don’t have energy to go out.

Not to get preachy (everyone has a solution) but I think too many people do dramatic gym efforts or massively change diet with Keto (or w/e) then burn out quickly instead of starting small and focusing on routine/habit as the goal #1… not obsessing about how much calorie burn you can pack into x minutes before going back to nothing in 2 months. Fitness is a basic lifestyle routine like showering and brushing your teeth, it’s not a huge hard commitment when it’s paced properly and a natural daily thing.
"No candidates or supporters would be imprisoned or legally harassed, before or after the election."

You mean, like currently in the "most democratic country" in the world.

So yeah, please do have a fair election. No vote stealing either, and no voting dead.
Lunatic meaning maniac or fool.
https://archive.ph/ASzU1

Answer: stagnant entry-level pay, requirement of additional years of education for certification, higher-paying alternatives in finance with lower barriers to entry.
They also invested $Billions in the VAX 9000, to try and get back at the high-end mainframe market, but it was delayed, and the NVAX chip was almost as fast, but in a desktop form-factor for a fraction of the price.
Don’t forget the SIMD registers which can be 128/256/512 wide (neon/avx2/avx512)

It’s very difficult to give just a single number for data bus width. Do you add all the DRAM channels? DDR5 has 2 x 32 bit channels where DDR4 has a 64 bit channel. What does bus width mean for PCIe, which uses very fast differential serial lines? Really, it hasn’t been a useful way to describe system performance since the 1990s.
Releasy simplifies quality assurance for agile teams, freelancers and product owners.
Tt allows your clients, even those without a technical background to test, validate, and accept project releases with ease.
Isn't RAG analogous to how humans get information during a conversation or searching the internet? Its contextual world information, in the future RAG will also include vision, hearing, sight, the rest of the senses etc. But those are just lower level inputs on what the current language inputs are
Fail2Ban
Thanks for pointing that out, it's now fixed.
> It's not the industry. It's people.

Yes, and this is just naive to think that other industries are somehow bastions of serious debate.
Texas and other Southern border states have bussed over 17K migrants to Chicago
>The not over ear, but around the head instead masks that someone else mentioned sound like a good idea, but I've never seen them in the UK, so I never even knew such a thing existed.

Here is the 3M Aura N95 mask at Amazon UK: https://www.amazon.co.uk/AuraTM-Particulate-Respirator-Unval...

£59.65 for 20, so about 6-7x more expensive than in the U.S.
Waste heat that cannot be radiated away into space naturally.
> There's transparent evidence that transformer-based LLMs existed before ChatGPT or Llama.

Transformers were first published about in "Attention is all you need" in 2017 by google https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762

> There was originally GPT-2, which was not a public release but did get reverse engineered into GPT-Neo and GPT-J (among others).

GPT 2 had a proper release in 2019 with the code, structure, checkpoints, etc. - https://openai.com/research/gpt-2-1-5b-release

> Besides that, there was BERT and T5 from Google, Longformers, XLNet, and dozens of other LLMs that predate the modern ones.

Yes all the big players had various research models. We simply crossed the line into large-scale usefulness just recently (outside of classification/summerization), and like you said OpenAI was the first to really make it accessible to the public.
That seems like a reasonable amount for the CEO of a massive health care system. Not an easy business to manage and someone who can manage a business that large could do lots of other things. Kaiser is also pretty efficient as far as health care organizations go.