skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That’s a result of govt guaranteed student loans inflating tuition. Those need to be stopped first. Then we can have cheap public universities that cost only what is required. Shouldn’t be free as it is costly and won’t be appreciated. But definitely competitive to drive down prices.
I like that it includes de facto but not standardized codes as well.
I don't think replacing one problem with a slightly different problem beholden to the same interests in the end solves anything.
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I like that they at least had _A_ process rather than none.
I mean.. they did loan the money, with all the associated responsibilities and risks of loaning money. And they did do the work. All the agreements were entered voluntarily, so what's the fault here?
Even "text-based" gets iffy if you want to support i18n and proper text rendering of non-Latin scripts. We take that stuff for granted today, but it's probably infeasible on pre-mid-1990s hardware.
It's also potentially a team size issue. If you have small teams of 2-3 people, you can more easily have enough meet for useful collaboration.
> Then COVID happened and companies worked fine for three years with WFH.

I don't think we have good data on that "worked fine" part. Personally I saw a significant degradation of our team performance during COVID remote.

Some people slacked a lot (difficult to catch, though), many people worked hard (perhaps even harder than in office), but the bad communication reduced the overall team productivity a lot.
Importantly, I'm asking for the original commenter to clarify their position. I'm not comparing any sort of fruit at this point other than pointing out the disparity at the federal level.

Do you have figures comparing "all-in" funding for both defense and education at the state and federal levels?

From casual inspection of the points posted so far, it seems like a more correct statement is: "The United States, nationally, funds education at about the same level as defense." If correct, I'd argue the initial poster's comment is inaccurate.
You may be right, but there should be more concrete evidence than arbitrary percentages and "just work better" before I'll be convinced to make the enormous life changes for RTO.

What is the value differential--in dollars--of these in-person conversations? All I'm seeing are vague speculations.
Converting from vertical Enter to horizontal Enter when moving to the USA was a real frustration. I spent the first 4 years just importing British keyboards.
Is being open-source the only differentiator you have?

Only software devs care about this. Your competitors make millions of $ annually, without being open-source.
Anybody who likes the idea of a sabbath should experiment with a digital one. Lock the screens in a box and look around the room, or get outside. I did it accidentally by leaving my phone in a locked room overnight and it was really liberating to get off the junk dopamine train and stop reaching for my pocket.
Sorry, I should have included "understanding" in that list.
That's what the NYT is for: buddy-buddy with the financeers of Wall Street and carrying their water as much as they plausibly can while maintaining the facade as "the paper of record".
I don't think it's fair or reasonable for only those from well off families to have the chance at college though. College access shouldn't be tied to ones socioeconomic background.
Query re-write is probably one of the top keys to search quality, at any search engine.
> If your point wasn't to compare sizes, why did you bring your numbers?

I'm not the one who cares about state funding, you are.

It is easy enough to say that at a federal level, we prioritize funding the military over education.
Ah yes. People who disagree with you are evil. Maybe ask them why they disagree. Maybe they see societal problems with open borders. Maybe there's a reason governments don't just have open borders, and instead try to manage the immigration process.
FIM is Federation Internationale de Motorcyclisme - here referring to their standard for MotoGP and World Superbike helmets.

ECE is a United Nations standard that the EU has chosen to require for helmets sold in the EU.
Go work with Rob, he is awesome!!!
>>Over the past few decades, college tuition and fees have metastasized, hitting an average of nearly $11,000 a year for in-state students who attend public four-year institutions, and now undergraduate enrollment is plummeting.

>>[...] Last year, as enrollment stagnated or declined in other states, New Mexico posted record gains. From spring 2022 to spring 2023, overall enrollment grew by 6 percent, and it jumped nearly 12 percent at branch community colleges.

This entire article conveniently omitted the fact that another driver for plummeting undergraduate enrollment is the "enrollment cliff"[1] that has already started to affect colleges across the board.

Yes, affordability is a large factor, and it's great that New Mexico was able to increase their enrollment numbers (as the article stated, a true anomaly), but the demographic backdrop should have been at least acknowledged.

[1] https://www.vox.com/the-highlight/23428166/college-enrollmen...
The connection is that we're alll living together on Earth. If you prefer a smaller "unit of belonging", those of us in the USA are all under the same governmental umbrella. What is a reasonable role of government?

My gentics and life experiences have shaped me into a person with the opinion that, for communities beyond Dunbar's Number of members (400? The point is that beyond a particular size for each culture and group of individuals things like laws, regulations, government entities, etc become necessary because we can't settle our differences well enough), taxes are generally a good thing, especially when spent on infrastructure, health care, housing, education, and food- basic needs that benefit everyone and reduce acute stresses that bring us all down, even if they're not in your backyard.

How much money or access to resources do you feel like is enough for you?

What's the value proposition in caring for, and lobbying for, the collective health of all people under the USA umbrella?

To what extent is it okay that we still, in 2023, benefit from legal slavery? The 13th Amendment keeps costs down for my military uniforms, for example, and keeps consumer prices lower than they might be if we paid workers a fair wage rather than assuming they're only value is as enslaved prisoners.

Wall Street money games are on the backs of people who help meet our basic needs. It is a height of entitlement to think that I should be able to benefit from their labor without paying for it with a progressive tax just because I want to play the game of "amass more and more money".
They keep getting improved error messaging and this is one of my favorite features. But I'd love if we could get some real rich text. Idk if anyone else uses rich, but it has infected all my programs now. Not just to print with colors, but because it makes debugging so much easier. Not just print(f"{var=}") but the handler[0,1]. Color is so important to these types of things and so is formatting. Plus, the progress bars are nice and have almost completely replaced tqdm for me[2]. They're just easier and prettier.

[0] https://rich.readthedocs.io/en/stable/logging.html

[1] Try this example: https://github.com/Textualize/rich/blob/master/examples/exce...

[2] Side note: does anyone know how to get these properly working when using DDP with pytorch? I get flickering when using this and I think it is actually down to a pytorch issue and how they're handling their loggers and flushing the screen. I know pytorch doesn't want to depend on rich, but hey, pip uses rich so why shouldn't everyone?
We are already in it :)
There is no multipolar world. It's just the US and China. Their combined GDP is bigger than the next 33 countries combined.

As a Danish person I wish the EU had actual hard power but in the end of the day Denmark doesn't have the same geopolitical interests as Hungary, Bulgaria, and Slovakia. In fact their views are the polar opposite of ours.
Nobody. That's not the point. The point is that they will fight (and lobby) tooth and nail to prevent such an action.

They already have a close relationship with their political representatives, now imagine that plus large amounts of campaign donations and favors.

And YOU, you support this?! Why, it would degrade the quality of education students get now! /s of course
Replacing Google search, with all of its disgusting warts, with OpenAI's chatbot is a dystopian shitscape that I want no part in.

ChatGPT has no citations.
US Imperialism is even more brazen than that. Here's a video of the US President commenting on how US troops are in Syria "only for the oil": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U10p3Tn9V5Y
My college experience was similar and around the same time (but I tacked on a biology PhD and post-doc, which delayed earning considerably). My impression is that the cost of higher education has increased considerably over the past two decades relative to general inflation and expected income. Increased expense reduces lifetime ROI of education considerably and delays many milestones (e.g. purchase of first home).
> That's what ticked me off about OP's comment. Pickle in Farsi is Torshi, especially in the Farsi that Mughals spoke (central Asian dialects). Afghans still call pickles torshi and not achar.

Words shift usage all the time. Especially in multi-linguistic scenarios, adaptation of terms is very common. Also, loan words often preserve archaisms. You see this quite clearly in the use of archaic Sanskrit borrowings in languages like Tamil or Malayalam when the same word has been lost in Hindi.

> I couldn't find the etymology for achar, but I found references to classical Persian (Avestan) and Proto-Indo-Iranian. Apparently Ayurveda mentions achar, so it's possible that at some point there was a distinction between medicinal pickles and popular everyday pickles.

Please share the credible original date-attested Ayurveda text sources that unequivocally demonstrate the occurrence of that word prior to the influence of the later Persian language.

Avestan alone is insufficient evidence because despite its similarities to Sanskrit, still has many lexical differences, and the presence of a word in Avestan doesn't immediately imply it's presence in Sanskrit.

Also, The Sanskrit sources contemporary
with Avestan are in Vedic Sanskrit, which lacks that word.

Ayurveda texts are much younger, and are composed in Classical Sanskrit.

Also consider that borrowings occured even in ancient times (i.e. the word "kendra" meaning "center" is a direct borrowing from Greek into Sanskrit). Lateral transmission of vocabulary is as old as humanity.

> In either case, history of pickle in Indian subcontinent and words used to describe isn't as simple as a loan word.

I never questioned the history of the Indian food or the multitude of other words used in contemporary Indian languages. I'm only addressing the claim that the word "achaar" isn't a borrowing.
it is surprising to see that people are still into windows.
What I wouldn't give for a modern Palm device! The OS was simple, but elegant. (Disclaimer: I was Senior Technical Editor of Computing Unplugged magazine, nee Palm power.)
Yes, and 45% of the global polysilicon supply that solar panels are made from, comes from the Xinjiang region of China, according to Bloomberg.

If you don't mind that it possibly comes from concentration camp labor, it's great.
Now do sketchy things on that interface and see how long it takes for your SOC to reach out to you.
Apple's computers appear to have working memory management, whilst Linux doesn't. Anecdotally, an old 8GiB intel mac feels fine, an enormously more powerful 16 GiB linux laptop with Gnome is basically unusable (but runs great once you seriously bump up the RAM).
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Understood. Even then, if someone offers you money on the condition that you may have to pay it back, unless there's a penalty involved, you almost always want to take them up on it.
I didn't time myself, but took 25-50% more queries.

I'll echo the value of ijq, https://sr.ht/~gpanders/ijq/ The live updating makes for less to remember and visualize. Though there is some value in having intermediate history recorded, for the second and later questions you ask of the data. (And supports commenting out for error diagnosis without deleting half the expression, `# ...`, hash and space required.)

I hadn't known of `debug`, quite convenient. I've often used multiple outputs at the tail, for example `... | keys, .` to remind myself of the structure as I explore down. Also `gron` and `fzf --multi`.
I'm curious how HN ranking works. This has 674 votes over 2 hours but is #45 at page 2.
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>How many audio books is 40 hours?

Are you reading War & Peace or Cat In The Hat?
Understood.

I agree, I can get snarky. Although I don't quite agree with the strictness of the rules, this site is one of the most unique I have found, so something must be going right.

I'll respect the rules.
I didn't say average, so spare me your performative edginess Mr Edgy Quant. I perceive people with anti-science attitudes to be a minority of the general population, albeit a large enough minority to be socially (and democratically) significant. I'm talking about people who say (and mean, without trolling intent) things like "space is fake, NASA is lying to us." As many as 1 in 5 Americans believe the moon landings were faked, despite all the common landing-denialist talking points being easy [for literate people] to debunk with only a few minutes of research.

Do you think it is insufferable and ignorant to acknowledge the fact that roughly 1 in 5 adult Americans is barely literate, and roughly half read below a 6th grade level? Should we pretend this isn't true, for the sake of decorum? (If you doubt these figures, I trust that you know how to look it up.) To people like this, the primary scientific literature is simply inaccessible. Some of them go with the flow and take science on faith, but the more skeptical among them will often wind up distrusting scientists because pop-sci communication is rife with inconsistencies and exaggerations even they can spot.

If you think I've gotten anything factually wrong in the above, please point it out. If your problem is merely with my attitude, then I can assure you the feeling is mutual.
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I can sympathize why some programmers would prefer to stick their heads in the sand and stick to ASCII.
Anyone making sweeping statements that applies to all of hunter gatherer society is almost certainly wrong about at least a few cultures. We’re talking 1-3 million years worth of human society and cultural evolution.
Ah, I see. No, my point is rather that countries with public education/healthcare/etc have historically restricted access to these services in some reasonable way. For instance, you can only pursue one degree on the state's dime in France. Or, you can't access public healthcare if you are not a legal immigrant. Things like that.
I'm not saying people shouldn't go to the office. I'm just saying there are a number of downsides to encouraging walking over to someone's desk to ask a question as a primary mode of knowledge exchange. These downsides have been enumerated at length in The Discourse. On the other side of the ledge is mostly "qualitative" arguments lacking in specifics.

The main thing is there are real trade-offs for the staff and organization, and those tend to get overlooked in favor of lifestyle or sunk RE cost arguments.
This is an excellent point. The selective private schools account for a tiny number of students (e.g. MIT takes in about 1K undergrads a year). And in my experience of both having attended such a school and having hired tons of people from all sorts of backgrounds over almost four decades, while some really do benefit from that fancy schooling, most end up with an OK education. Meanwhile the ones who did community college->state school have all been great hires, and you can get a super education at a lot of state schools.
It’s already free in several states. Georgia pays full tuition for in-state students who maintain a certain GPA, and I know Florida does something similar, both funded completely by a tax on the lottery. Students do still have to pay some fees, but the cost is relatively quite small.
> What would happen if America was to settle its national debt?

Settle it…how?

There’s probably no sane way to do it. Strategically, it makes sense to work towards a long-term trend of lowering it as a share of GDP over time, but even there, you probably don’t want it to be monotonic.

> Will US dollar be valuable after that?

Depends on what was done to “settle” it.

> Will Americans be wealthier since there is no more debt?

No, they will not be wealthier because there is no more government debt. Depending on how it is “settled”, they might be poorer because of that, though.

> What will the money returned be used for?

Largely, for the holders other than the US government itself, buying debt of other countries and other financial assets; A US decision to “settle” its debt isn’t going to stop other actors from wanting to invest.

The US government is…another question.

> Who are these creditors and what would they do once they get back the money?

The #1 and #2 creditors, holding between them nearly a third of the US national debt, are (1) the US government excluding the Federal Reserve (“intragovernmental debt”, nearly $6.5 trillion) and (2) the US Federal Reserve (counted as part of the “public debt”, currently around $5 trillion.)
I think that unless you're a nation-state with huge budgets, creating a seamless and reliable experience is relatively non-existent. We've tried all the major vendors for conference rooms, and they all have sharp edges that give you continual paper cuts. The same is true for tech for remote users (Teams, Slack, etc etc.). That doesn't mean they're not good enough, but they definitely still suck.
I don't understand why this argument (which is a popular one) makes sense. It's symmetrical. RTO folks want their colleagues in the office. WFH folks don't want to not have to do this. It would be obviously absurd if I criticized WFH on the basis that its proponents are trying to force their preferences on others.
How do any of these sliding window techniques handle instructions that are non expected and only show up at the end? For example imagine feeding a book to the model and the last sentence being the instruction “return the count of the letter m in the previous input”. A human would handle this by first letting out an exasperated sigh but then restarting the reading while counting. An LLM has no ability to loop back and re-read the input. (Ignore LLM issues with character counting for this example). It seems like to solve this problem for real the LLM needs to be able to loop and jump arbitrarily, but I’m sure that would introduce a whole new host of issues and possibly require a new architecture all together.
ETH Zurich and EPFL (in Lausanne) are elite technical schools, which also have extremely low tuition (roughly $1000 total per semester) and open admissions.

There is no entrance exam required for students who have a Swiss high school degree that qualifies them to attend university at all -- they may simply enroll.

The trick is that the first year or two are made extremely difficult so many people drop out. However, tuition is so low that this is not really a disaster that derails your whole life.
This looks fantastic. Also answers the relevancy of the "off-by-one" softmax*

My naive question is...does it work? But that sounds dismissive. At length:

It shows that the model can't respond after a certain length versus a proposed model that does continue to respond.

But can a model that continues to respond retrieve information far "in the past"?

The demo video is too low-level, at least to my brain. It shows one model stops responding but the proposed one continues.

I spent about 5 minutes going frame by frame to see if the proposed model attempts to have to "recall" information from further back, but it looks like no.

Perfection here isn't necessary or even possible AFAIK, i.e. I don't expect it to recall page 1 100% accurately at page 1000. But can it recall _anything_ from it, even if it ignores it?

The great thing about this era and work is we can check. But I hope someone has it up in a HuggingFace space before I figure out how to run it myself. :P

I'm leaning no, based on the sliding window thing. It sounds like there's 4 fixed tokens, then the last context size - 4 tokens, that's it

* at the time, two camps: one, it's some random person saying it and there's prior art on implementations that do the off-by-one. Two, you'd be surprised how much little things go unnoticed by large groups, and do matter.
Exim fixes 0days that allows mail servers to be taken over
It didn't work in the 18th century either. Poor nations mostly entered the industrial age through colonialism rather than indigenous enterprise. The moment powerful nations could build ships and cross oceans, it was game over for the rest of the world.