skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You've got the gist but you're confusing a bunch of concepts together.

Note: Remember that "x / y" division in a field is simply "x * (1/y)", because (1/y) is always uniquely defined in a field and "proper". So in practice, its actually a whole lot of multiplies.

Note2: For the 8-bit domain to become a field, you must perform a "modulo p", where p is prime (for simple fields), or an irreducible polynomial (for an extension field). For us computer-programmers, we're almost always operating on an extension field (8-vector of field(2), aka a binary vector of size 8-bits). (Though hardware designers may choose say, GF(2^5), the 5-bit numbers, for USB1.0 packets for example)

So you need to perform the operation (x modulo p) and normalize the result to return it to a field. There are different fields for each chosen p, so the first step is to choose a p. P is almost always chosen arbitrarily, but there's benefits to different p's chosen. In any case, p differs from case-to-case since they have minor benefits (this p might be slightly faster at multiplication in software, this other p might have an easier circuit layout and is related to some simple LSFR, etc. etc.). So p is arbitrary and changes from case-to-case.

After that, (x modulo p) is performed by (x / p), which results in (quotient + remainder/p). In practice, one iteration of this operation commonly results in a 9-bit number or 10-bit number or 16-bit number. Anything 9 to 16 bits in length is obviously "not in GF(2^8)", so we repeatedly perform the operation until the top-bits are zero and we only have an 8-bit result.

(remainder/p) is simply (remainder * (1/p)), because this is a field (all numbers 1/x are properly defined), so we can "implement" this in practice through multiplications only.

--------------

And that's all CRC-32 and Reed Solomon Encoding is.

EDIT: I'm not sure if what I said originally was correct. I decided to change the "modulo" algorithm to the LSFR style which was simpler for me to discuss.
Please don't cross into personal attack on HN. We ban accounts that do that.

If you wouldn't mind reviewing https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and taking the intended spirit of the site to heart, we'd be grateful.
For me lack of delete (deleting text forward -> compare vs backspace) is a real problem.
> 0: https://fidoalliance.org/passkeys/#faq

"What is a passkey?" might as well redirect to zombo.com.
Here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_th...
A name that serves as a nice preface for the question.
Who should keep that in mind?
It gets millions of downloads, putting users in danger who mistakenly think anyone is still maintaining this thing.
The most interesting part (to me) is buried in the middle:

"Compared to the current satellite link the [undersea, Google owned fiber-optic] cable will bring almost incredible amounts of capacity. The Government of St Helena estimates that it will deliver several hundred gigabits per second - far more than the island’s population of around 4,400 people could possibly use. The plan is therefore to turn the island into a communications hub, with satellites in space linking via groundstations on the island to the world via the cable. The Government of St Helena believes St Helena’s position in the South Atlantic and its political and physical stability make it an ideal and almost unique location for this use."
> I'm not really sure how to use Passkeys on my iPhone with 1Password, but I'm sure that'll come as Passkeys gain traction.

iOS 17 plus the latest 1Password allows you to use passkeys saved in 1P across apps and websites.
Here's a downside I see: Suppose I want to place a short position on a fraudulent company, and then loudly announce that I've uncovered signs of fraud in it. A pretty standard procedure, right? Saving people's money from a con artist and making some money in the process.

Now suppose the CEO of the company golfs with a SEC commissioner. Or there's some other relationship, a less direct one. No matter how strong the ethical rules of the SEC are, they can't ban every potential relation between a commissioner/employee and someone from a public corporation.

Suddenly the fraudulent company would know precisely what it needs to do (in terms of manipulating it's own stock price) to force me to close my position.
I feel like we've seen a bunch of businesses show what happens when you take private capital and scale on a community based product with out a clear business model that doesn't involve retroactively screwing the community in some way.

I mean, Unity's just the latest example. Before it came Hashicorp and Docker. I'm sure we could think of many more examples if we tried.

And what's really frustrating is that if these businesses had focused on simply "building a product the community wanted, supporting that community, and making enough money to comfortably keep going" - all of them could have been successful.

I'd really love to see the tech community try more models that simply aim for comfortable sustainability - not astronomical growth. You know, enough to pay a modest engineering team market salaries indefinitely while they continue to support and develop the product.
I think the Windows Shell Team (hey we got RAR support recently) just withered on the vine when the grand idea of a query able file system build on top off SQL Server in Post XP Windows called "Cairo" collided with the memory/CPU limitations of the time.

My desktop now has 24 cores (8P/16E) and now is the right time to rethink the OS.
> Still, on average, people are spending about 40% of their paychecks on renting a place to live.

I think it's fair to say they've made progress in slowing the growth of the housing problem, but it is a big stretch to say they don't have a housing affordability problem.
collectd + minimal plugins would still be 100+ kB installed on OpenWrt. Plus I'd have to write a solution to get the data into Home Assistant.
Because each individual human has only read a tiny tiny subset of the documents in a lifetime. Yet the AI can read most of the documents (just not the copyrighted ones).

End result: AI outperforms humans.
A lot of it is political. A lot of people REFUSE to buy American cars (except Telsas) as a political point.

My Chevys have been unbelievably reliable, more so than my Toyotas, and the stats bear that out.
> Importantly, the court focused on the “highly transformative purpose” of Google’s use of this material—that Google was transforming many diverse copyright-protected books into a new, useful search mechanism that didn’t compete with the underlying works.

It's pretty obvious that generative AI should fail that test; because the whole point is to compete with the underlying works, and the technology is marketed and understood that way. It doesn't have the same defense as Google Books, because that is so crippled with copyrighted works that it cannot be used as a substitute for the books it's searching.

I mean a lot of people are hyping ChatGPT as a replacement for Wikipedia (which is was obviously trained with), and image generators as replacements for stock imagery (and there are documented cases of those reproducing recognizable watermarks: https://photutorial.com/stable-diffusion-watermarks-investig...).

Also generative AI systems aren't people, so I think it's totally fair to not grant their operators rights by analogy to something a human would do.
It's only hard to understand if you regard html, js, and css as good enough. It's the reason why people prefer native development on mobile. Standards are a bit different there than on the web and the space is more competitive.

Kotlin multiplatform and compose multiplatform are about leveling the playing field a bit and giving developers more choices than this one size fits all straight jacket that is the "modern" web (I use the word modern loosely here).

And it allows people targeting mobile to target other platforms with their code bases. If it's valid to use the web on mobile, then why not use mobile frameworks on the web?
Linux has ~/.local, ~/.config, and ~/.cache for user-specific program files. Sadly many programs don't respect these and pollute your home directory instead.
what's the screen refresh time like on this? I have a small e-ink display that I got from Adafruit and it takes 10+ seconds to redraw
Please don't do flamewars or tit-for-tat spats on HN and especially please don't cross into personal attack. We're trying for just the opposite here: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
"More importantly, we've seen how easily and flippantly an executive-led business decision can risk bankrupting the studios we've worked so hard to build, threaten our livelihoods as professionals, and challenge the longevity of our industry. The Unity of today isn't the same company that it was when the group was founded, and the trust we used to have in the company has been completely eroded."

Profoundly sad, and completely avoidable. Have never seen a company so quickly and completely just throw away all of their public good will.
Solar and battery storage prices have dropped almost 90% in 10 years
That would be cool. I mean, would it be copyrighted if you do something like clone it? Wouldn't that fall under the same vein as AI generated art not being copyrighted to the artists it trained off of?
When Function Inlining Meets WebAssembly: Counterintuitive Impact on Performance [pdf]
Title is a little disingenuous? Isn't this a SaaS service? So not making PostgreSQL (OSS database) anything.
I think enshitification will be the word of the year this year
How is it deceptive? Are they bumping version numbers? Are they packaging new releases?

Edit: before I'm accused of not reading the article, I did, but I did not look at the actual OpenOffice download page. The current release, dated April 2023, includes the following, which seems substantially more than "whitespace cleanup" as TFA author claims, but seems quite in line with software that is being maintained but not actively developed:

Other Improvements/Enhancements

Writer: Dialog "Frame" in Writer / automatic size / changing shortcut keys (German)
Calc: Protect Table – Dialog too narrow for German heading string
Base: Dialog text in "Datenbank austauschen" (exchange database) dialog is cut (German)
Calc: Use the existing icon for "Remove Filter" in toolbar and menu
Calc: Text in cell comments is more readable
Calc: Added support for Excel 2010s DateTime type cells.

Bug Fixes

Calc: Rich text cells imported from XLSX files have their contents duplicated
Several fixes for importing OOXML documents
All applications: Import fails when the Relationship "Target" attribute in _rels/.rels has superfluous slashes
Calc: XLSX with omitted cell references opens with empty cells
Calc: no text imported from XSLX when xl/sharedStrings.xml has wrong case
Several fixes for importing MS Excel 2003 SpreadsheetML files

Calc: ss:DateTime cell value is loaded as either only a date or a time

Calc: fractional seconds are silently ignored during import

Calc: cell with ss:MergeAcross="0" gets an extra empty cell to the right

Calc: import corrupts references to columns that are multiples of 26 (eg. Z)
Writer: Importing apostrophes from HTML fails
Calc: Cut-and-paste between spreadsheets causes incorrect cell reference changes
Writer: Awkward Chinese (ZH-TW) numbering suffix when importing RTF document
Calc: Last CSV line is silently lost on import if last field is quoted and end-of-file is reached before closing quote
I don't plan on using an HSM to store my passkeys anytime soon. The security benefits are marginal for me compared to the huge inconvenience of having to manually update my credentials on hundreds of sites every time I buy a new HSM.

I'll continue to use WebAuthn hardware keys as a second factor for the small minority of sites where that makes sense. For the rest I'll just use passkeys synced to my password manager.
Do you mean PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) instead of PPI? I'm pretty sure proton pump inhibitors aren't relevant here, and they're the most health-related expansion of the acronym I could find.
Yes, at least for as far as I know. The actual micro-ops resulting from the instruction stream are invisible. You can count the number of uops issued and partly deduce how the instructions were decoded, but not view the uops themselves.
Yes - that's exactly what I had in mind when I made that suggestion.
Its funny how the EU is now 'investigating subsidies' in China.

There is nothing "new" here. The EU warned against China's "funny" NEV policies back in 2018 -- see the EU's WTO complaint WT/DS549, "China — Certain Measures on the Transfer of Technology." You could also tell that Biden's response (aka, the IRA, enacted in 2022) to clean energy was inspired by and modeled on China's "funny" NEV policies -- ensuring that no Chinese EV/battery company set their foot in the territory, or receive tax credit/subsides. The EU is at least playing by the book.

China has been building this sector for like 30 years

I wonder why forced tech transfer and other highly discriminatory/anti-competitive protectionist measures were necessary if China had so much time to build the sector.

While Europe has basically no resource extraction related to batteries or much of any battery refinement for most of that period.

The West wants clean energy, but doesn't want to get their hands dirty. As usual, they outsource all the dirty work of resource acquisition, mining, refining to the 3rd world -- let China pollute their land, air, water for clean energy!
> 3. Honestly, just who cares? So what if OpenOffice is just being minimally kept alive?

The pretense that this project is alive and not a zombie puts millions of users in danger who are downloading insecure trash under the impression that this is a live project that's the OpenOffice they've heard so much about.
If the majority of your income comes from labor, as opposed to interest on capital, you are working class. The non-working class likes more divisions between the working class, so works to perpetuate this misunderstanding.
I think this would be a series of youtube videos with titles like, "The only lace you'll ever need!", "I can't get my shoes off now!", and "This lacing should be illegal!"
And in addition, simply by virtue of going through the Incubator at all, these projects ensure that the source code is available under a well known, well understood, popular, ALv2 license - and the code, email archives, and other artifacts that were created are preserved by the ASF even when the project is sent to the Attic. This is still a net good for the world in general, IMO.

And while it's not exactly common there have been forks of Attic'd projects outside of the ASF that went on to be useful to people.
The circular design of the HQ makes sense now.

https://www.reddit.com/r/castles/comments/4t5w0q/round_vs_sq...
Huh I didn't know that. I guess cooling is simple there considering they can just ingest cool water and expel it without having a radiator. I don't know much about boats.

It sounds easier than on piston planes even. They run pretty hot when running flat-out while parked, like during a run-up test. We were always told to only do it for 30 seconds or so.

They generally use air cooling and despite the huge "fan" on the front it struggles in this scenario. When you're doing 100 knots it's less of a problem.
This is huge! I wanted to get this... Hopefully there is a way to shut it up once it starts spitting general stuff around the topic of interest...

BUT: "We’re rolling out voice and images in ChatGPT to Plus and Enterprise"
There are a number of objections to specific points in your comment, as well as your overall perspective, but I think the biggest one is that your kids don't need to be using YouTube, Discord, or other apps.
The real life version of this is in their red teaming paper. They show it a picture of an overweight woman in a swimsuit and ask what advice they should give.

Originally it immediately spit out a bunch of bullet points about losing weight or something (I didn't read it).

The released version just says "Sorry, I can't help with that."

It's kind of funny but also a little bit telling as far as the prevalence of prejudice in our society when you look at a few other examples they had to fine tune. For example, show it some flags and ask it to make predictions about characteristics of a person from that country, by default it would go into plenty of detail just on the basis of the flag images.

Now it says "Sorry, I can't help with that".

My take is that in those cases it should explain the poor logic of trying to infer substantive information about people based on literally nothing more than the country they are from or a picture of them.

Part of it is just that LLMs just have a natural tendency to run in the direction you push them, so they can be amplifiers of anything.
This is why it is good to build on the top of open source solutions
So you're saying the KSP2 devs had the benefit of being able to look at the past mistakes and issues of their predecessor, and still failed to learn from it?

Stop defending the billion dollar corporations, please.
Yellowstone being a national park that is a protected conservation area detracts from the analogy. There will be those who don't feel sorry for you mainly because you should have chosen another wilderness location, not because they believe you shouldn't build a dwelling in the wilderness anywhere.

It deserves to be noted that even people who camp in city parks do have some supporters. That said, people who have the resources to build a solid home with amenities, including electricity and satellite network access, and keep a website running to tell their one-sided story, are not comparable to homeless campers.
This is pretty good. Do you think running models locally will be able to achieve performance (getting task done successfully) compared to cloud based ones.i am assuming for context of a drive through scenario it should be ok but more complex systems might need external infromation
Ask HN: Feeling so happy after being laid off in Bay Area, how are you doing?
I am a senior engineer working in a mid-size company in the Bay Area. I hope this post gives ideas to people who have been impacted by uncertainty in life, encouraging them not to worry but to embrace it. I've been working at my current company for over 2.5+ years on an ambitious project. Unfortunately, the project didn't kick off as expected and had to be shelved suddenly due to a high project burn rate.

I was laid off, but I have to say, the company treated me well. They provided me with a decent severance package and 4 months of paid health insurance. I am truly thankful to them for that. Surprisingly, the news articles and LinkedIn posts about layoffs didn't hit me as hard as I thought they would. Instead, it gave me some time to take a breath from constant work and focus on the important things in life. It was helpful that I had saved up 6 months of living expenses and had significant work experience from around the globe. So, my advice to my fellow engineers is to always keep some money aside and maintain good connections from your past and present to navigate through uncertain times. The only thing that worries me a bit is the visa transfer (H1-B) for those in my situation, but I'm not desperate because I have global connections who can help me find new opportunities.

Now, for those who have been laid off like me, I have a few tips on how to make the most of this opportunity in life:

* Take a break and enjoy the period of not having to work. Use this time to relax and recharge.
* Start working on something that you've always been scared of doing before. Maybe it's building a product that will be used by people or raising capital for a new venture. Embrace the challenge!
* Explore different work opportunities. Consider going remote or even moving to a different country. This could open up new doors and experiences.

With that being said, I would love to hear your thoughts on how you see the positives in your own life.
i remember back when Avid decided they were no longer going to offer a Mac version of their NLEs because Apple's new machines were only going to have 3 expansion slots. while admittedly, there were probably a much smaller number of affected users than the Unity decision, it did cause a huge amount of turmoil. urban legend has people dumping their Avid stations on the doorstep of the Avid offices.

Avid survived. Unity will too
I can't read anyone's mind. I assume it's simply because passkeys can be used outside the browser, in theory for arbitrary applications, and like every standard, it tries to satisfy a large set of users, there are tradeoffs, and some might want attestation. It's just that browsers and password managers are two use cases of the standard that don't want it, because it largely eliminates one of their major selling points, which is that they're synchronized like a password is today, so there's a clear UX flow/user upgrade path.
'i am sure it will plateau'

'only thing that will stop/slow down progress is computation power'

Seems a bit contradictory? When has 'computation power' ever 'plateaued'?
From the preceding paragraph:

> We weren’t able to get to the bottom of this because we don’t have the profiling tools necessary to get disassembly from the GPU.
> The problem with plain/primitive upset/merge operations is they don’t always support handling of what should happen when a row is deleted from the source.

I didn't understand what you meant by this - you seem to be referencing a larger workflow (e.g. keeping 2 tables in sync), and I'm not understanding how is relevant to the "upsert" primitive. Can you give an example?
Remembering when I spent three days compiling OOo from FreeBSD ports, to get a build that didn't work, then discovering that this was a known broken port. I started using the Linux binary in emulation instead.
you don't need "systems" for 10-20 messages a day. it all could be replaced with S3 buckets and aws-cli with even better durability and delivery latency and error handling than anything you would be able to engineer yourself
It feels like something like this can be hacked together to be more reliable with some image to text generation plugged into the existing ChatGPT, and enough iterations to make it robust for these how-to applications. Less Turing-y but a different route to the same solution.
Been on the secure knot for nearly two decades. Looks great, perfect amount of grip (never unties) and easy pull to open.

Make sure you tie it balanced!
The price is lower than the competitors... I wonder how good it actually is though. Guessing they just sacrifice quality
Please don't take HN threads into generational flamewars - those are predictably boring and also one of the most easily avoided kinds of flamewar.

I know the OP was a provocation in that direction, but the art of good commenting (in HN's sense of the word good) involves not giving in to provocation.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Nice job Scott! We're seeing a lot of interest in this sort of thing at Reviewable.io (the best way to review code on GitHub ... manually :D) though most users have been hesitant to say "okay, then send all of our code to GPT-4".

Have you tried using Llama 2 or other models that can be run locally? I tried with Llama and llama2 and saw much better results with 2
Show HN: Turn any text into flashcards of words