skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Mathematicians are. They couldn't tell if Fermat's last theorem was solvable in a day, or a year... or not by the efforts of many of the world's greatest minds for centuries.
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Microsoft makes Top 20 list of Linux kernel contributors
What you've described sounds like the existing hardware abstraction present in virtual machine monitors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor

In my very layman's opinion, this is a much different problem. Specifically the cost-benefit of discrete vs. MIC for calculations. HPC guys have tooled with it for a while trying to come up with a fast, yet cost effective method of crunching more data. Floating point acceleration specifically offers huge increases in speed for scientific modeling, but comes at a significant cost in terms of design, implementation and execution.

This NVIDIA fluff PR piece was trying to prove something to the effect of, "Don't use on-processor floating point, use our discrete solution!"
Actually, a modern CPU loads a whole L1 cache line at once. Which is usually 64 bytes nowadays.
The only difference between north and south in this case is that they are more open about it south.
Hey Bradford, congrats on launching!
I've been puzzling as to why I was downvoted on this. I finally came across some numbers.

Microsoft dropped more than $10 billion on the Xbox before it ever turned a dime in profit (that's operating loss -- not including acquisitions. It's still about $4 billion in the hole, lifetime.)

http://www.businessinsider.com/so-how-long-until-we-can-writ...

I'm really failing to see how what I said about Xbox was wrong, given these numbers. But I suppose it's old news now.
hah, I just installed it, and my first picture was of my macbook
> or another template language

Surely this could be handled via simple syntactic extensions to the struct specification (with everything wrapped into an ungodly macro from hell) in order to define the mapping between the struct itself and libpack's format string, no?
Right, so native code generated by Go probably needs some kind of runtime initialization before it can even start executing.
For motioning performance of Linux machines I recommend using munin. It has excellent PostgreSQL plugins, most of them written by a member of the PostgreSQL core team (Thanks Magnus!).

cacti is also supposed to be good but I have never used it myself.
An economist observed:

"If the U.S. Army cannot bring the Ft. Hood shooter to trial after 18 months, you know the system is jammed already. Noise is your friend. The more data the government collects, the more noise exists between you and an agency that seeks convictions."

From: http://lewrockwell.com/north/north1118.html
Keep in mind that on Windows htonl is a function call, and not an inline or a macro.
Very interesting read. It's funny - right before reading this article, I was talking with a dear frined of mine about FB and what is the problem that it really solved. My friend gave me really elegant answers with full passion and conviction. One of his answers was "The great problem that FB solved was to bring our social circles closer and to enrich...blah, blah, blah... He gave me almsot 15 minute lecture on how FB has completely changed the world. I agreed that FB has changed the world today but at the time of starting FB - I really don't think Zuckerberg was thinking about solving any problem.

From the article - it's very clear that he was simply trying to stick something but had no clue as to what he was trying to achieve.

I think most business are like that. They really don't know what they are trying to achieve. It's actually after they become successful that they connect the dots (as Steve Jobs would put it) and say how they solved the great problems of our time!

The article was very nice read!
Thanks, really glad it was helpful. I'm planning on going back and covering all the math I thought I'd learned in school :).
Did you ever play XCom? I want an MMO version of that.
That already exists, scroll down.
I'd like to know what the interaction is like and whether any of those companies have an internal code to follow regarding who the "don't sell" their services to. Given that there weren't any warrants, the must have something to protect themselves or else I'm just lost.

(Aaand another reason I feel good about not having a cell phone.)
Depending on your requirements either iRedMail (for an out of the box support of virtual domains, etc) or otherwise... just plain simple postfix.

Howto Forge has some good tutorials (http://www.howtoforge.com/howtos/email).

Its all a question of why you are doing it. If your aiming to learn, then I would recommend using a howto and installing different components. If your running a business... seriously look at just using Google Apps or some other similar system. If you need sending capability then SendGrid and such are suitable for low volume (sub multi-million messages / month).

The biggest problem you are going to face in running your own server is keeping the design up to date.... every year Spam detection methods change, and you need to keep on top of that. Thats what eventually made me pack it in and move my hosting to google. I'm a RHCE and administer and support mail server for a some quite large national brands. But I can't be bothered for my own domain.

If your are or are looking to be a systems guy then LEARN EMAIL (SMTP, POP, IMAP), its one of the core competencies. If your a dev you should know it, but outsourcing the running of it can make sense. Just don't be a fool and outsource it if its the core of your business. If your sending (or recieving) above a certain threshold its almost always cheaper to do it yourself.
Main point is that you should have function that converts array of bytes to integer or vice-versa, not something like htonl which either swaps order of bytes in integer or does nothing, depending on endianity of platform.
He's also probably the greatest (or at least the most popular) Christian author in history. I see other Christian teachers living in luxury and while I don't doubt their faith in Jesus I can't sit at their feet while they're not bearing fruit themselves.
I put that in as a joke years ago. I can't believe it's still there.
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I don't get the creepy-corporation-controlling-your-entire-life angle of this. You would rent a place there, not be owned by them.

I admittedly don't know much about american property management, but aren't suburbs commonly highly controlled, with strict rules of what is allowed to be visible on your front yard etc?
Like serkey.com? God I hate that site; it came up with most of the front page for pretty much every Oracle related query lately. That it until these changes, apparently.

Well done Google!
Like this?

http://craigmod.com/journal/digital_physical/

(was on daringfireball the other day)
There are a lot of errors in this article and the code therein.

i = *((int*)data);
#ifdef BIG_ENDIAN
/* swap the bytes */
i = ((i&0xFF)<<24) | (((i>>8)&0xFF)<<16) | (((i>>16)&0xFF)<<8) | (((i>>24)&0xFF)<<0);
#endif

This should use uint32_t, it is the best way of getting a platform independent unsigned 32-bit integer, which is what you want here.

It's more code.

Couple more lines of C, yes. No more at the machine level.

It assumes integers are addressible at any byte offset; on some machines that's not true.

Not sure about this one...

It depends on integers being 32 bits long, or requires more #ifdefs to pick a 32-bit integer type.

This is caused by bad code - see above.

It may be a little faster on little-endian machines, but not much, and it's slower on big-endian machines.

It is faster on a LE machine, but not slower on a BE machine - the same code can be used and it's a compile time #ifdef.

If you're using a little-endian machine when you write this, there's no way to test the big-endian code.

Test on a BE machine?

It swaps the bytes, a sure sign of trouble (see below).

No actual facts here...

As pointed out by another commentor, this can be optimised out by the compiler on many platforms.
Interesting article. With access to a simply incredible amount of data, I wonder exactly how many people are actually working to parse it for anything other than specific inquiries...

Here is the reddit link for opting out of various people data aggregators (after two clickthroughs/for anyone who skipped through the article): http://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/j1mit/how_to_rem...
This is getting quite off-topic, however...

1) Your comments about education are fine, but this is not evidence of a decline in low skilled jobs.

2) You say that automation is a model for causing this, but what what I'm asking for is a model in which increasing automation leads to increasing long-term unemployment. To the best of my knowledge, there are no accepted models which predict this. You seem to have an implicit model inside your head where automation leads to unemployment; I would suggest that every time such a model has been written down, it's been trivial to pick holes in it.

3) I suggested that you are confusing a loss of particular low-skill jobs with a decline in the total number of low-skill jobs. Your response is...a list of particular low-skill jobs which have been lost. We are clearly talking past each other.

4) You conclude by saying that "technology tends to remove more low skilled jobs than it creates". Technology and automation can be very disruptive - think of the riots which gave us the term "Luddite" - but I am aware of no instances where it has done this. Nor am I aware of any theories or models where this would happen. Current economic theory says this will not happen, and current economic data is consistent with that.

(On the other hand, I agree than inequality is a real issue and potentially a major problem in way that absolute poverty or long0term unemployment simply aren't and won't be.)
Thanks for posting this. I love to see hardware stuff on the front page, especially such a relevant topic.

I actually sat down with the director of a HPC shop a few months ago and discussed the MIC question.

He was hopeful, but said nearly everything about MIC isn't as mature as it needs to be to warrant adoption. His best case scenario was adopting MIC for his 2016 build.
Howzit!

My assumption has been that they'd attempt to infer by marrying the two pieces of info whether it bit you'd pose a risk. So say you have a fraud charge laid against you some years back and you're currently in heaps of bad debt... It might be a bad idea to let you at my financials database, for instance.

I do think though that some of the more stringent assessment procedures also serve a secondary purpose when it comes to offer time. If you've run the gauntlet to get this offer the person offering you the position has considerable leverage in terms of negotiating a remuneration package. May it's not the main reason they do that stuff but it is a side effect of it.
Agreed. Math is art with proofs. Or formalized imagination. Or something. It would be significant if that's the closest thing to what we do in software. (Obviously, math and computing are close as theoretical disciplines, if not overlapping totally, but that's not the same question.) Is there any kind of construction or engineering that comes closer? Because those are the analogues people have mostly (and largely unhelpfully) turned to when trying to understand how software projects work. People say "engineer" when they mean "programmer"; they never say "mathematician".
Mark Bernstein is recoding a program called StorySpace which dates from 1980s?. He is blogging about it. Day 6 will give a flavour

http://www.markbernstein.org/Mar12/Day6.html

He is working on a familiar design, and knows the old code. He is recoding in newer tools.
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The problem is that you need to replicate the struct entries in the pack/unpack calls as well, which is only possible in plain C by using X-Macros.

It might be possible to construct a macro that creates both the struct and the format string, though.
You can't tackle the BO issue here, as it is a property of the underlying architecture.

However, the other 2 issues can be tackled. The first by using a packed struct ( __attribute__((__packed__)) in gcc) and the second by using stdint.h.
The author claims that byte swapping code
- "depends on integers being 32 bits long, or requires more #ifdefs to pick a 32-bit integer type."

True. But you might consider using inttypes.h which defines some pretty useful things like uint32_t (an unsigned 32 bit wide integer for example).

- "may be a little faster on little-endian machines, but not much, and it's slower on big-endian machines."

In fact swapping the byte order is _one_ CPU instruction.
You can for example use some inline assembly to optimize your code. (If your compiler fails to recognize this pattern.)

uint32_t byte_swap( uint32_t x )
{
asm( "bswap %0"
: "=g"(x)
: "0"(x)
);

return x;
}

Just my two cents...
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> One of my acquaintances, for example, just got $100k in seed funding (with no equity in return)

One of my distant relatives won the lottery.
Looks like from that screenshot the project was originally called "SpacePuter" ...
This is architecture dependent ofc...
For GTX 680 the double precision is actually 1/24 of the single precision so it is closer to 4%. Pretty sad when comparing the performance to similar priced Radeon cards.
If you don't live here, and/or have social contacts here, well... do we have to spell it out for you?

Welcome to the snobbery of Silicon Valley.
Any problem, I don't think so.

A problem, sure... I am sure there exists a problem of YC that you can solve in 72 hours.
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I thought the graphic element of "infographics" is supposed to make the information more digestible and understandable. This example makes it more difficult to digest by including superfluous elements that add nothing to the information, but distract from the important information.

For example, how does an abstract hand holding onto a bra help me to digest the information immediately adjacent to it, which refers to government budgets?

Here are some good examples of infographics, where the graphics help present the info, rather than distract from it:

http://2toria.com/tag/infographic/
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Nice and fast, Thanks - https://github.com/olark/hashmonitor :)
Not to mention storing passwords with a trivially reversible transform...
Sounds like mathematicians defining their assumptions - it's up to them where they draw the line as to what they will work on themselves, and what they'll accept as a given. i.e. it's arbitrary.

Taking it back to turing machines, you can simulate any specific design/implementation of a turing machine on some another turing machine, given a program of constant size (an emulator for the first machine). This can be applied to turing machines which include libraries of arbitrary size. So again, it's up to you where you draw the line.

I wonder if the confusion is to do with why you want to draw the line?

I doubt these answers will satisfy, because I'm not clear on your question. I find such questions easier to answer if I get clear on the purpose - why exactly do I want to know how complex a program is? If it's purely out of curiosity, what is the nature of that curiosity? Complexity, from what point of view? how am I thinking about it? What am I worried/concerned about?

BTW: I was going to use "amortized", but it seems specific to over time (an online dictionary supports this). But it does feel correct - is it a legitimate generalization?

EDIT I really think my first answer was best, so I'll flesh it out a little. I understand your question as being, when we measure the length of a program, we can factor some of out into a library routine, to make it shorter. But isn't this shifting things around just cheating? If it simply was cheating, then I don't think you'd have any question about it. I think the puzzle is that it does seem legitimate, in some way, yet also seems like cheating.

My answer is that instead of measuring the length of your program, you measure the aggregate length of all the programs on your computer. From the perspective of this larger system, if that part that was factored into a library was also used by other programs, then it would make the total length shorter. The "clean abstraction" isn't an important consideration in itself, but comes into it only because that's the (a?) way to make it reusable; and being reused is crucial for factoring a component out into a library, to decrease the total length of all programs.

[ One could generalize beyond "all the programs on your computer" all possible programs, weighted by their probability. The probability captures the usefulness of the programs (there's many more nonsense programs than useful ones in the set of all possible programs). This is important, because a uniform probability density wouldn't enable factoring out to make the total shorter - you need some regularity/redundancy for that, which requires some unevenness. Typically, programs do have commonalities because the programs they solve have commonalities. ]

Basically, taking the widest view, would factoring this aspect out make the total system shorter?

I think this explains the sense that factoring out some code into a library does make it shorter, even though when looking at that program in isolation it's just moving things around.
A nice manifestation of the idea "What we can measure we can fix."

See also: http://arewefastyet.com/
The point is, when you use explicit shifting of bytes you have same code that works independently of endianity, the fact that compiler is probably going to generate exactly same code seems to me like good argument to go with the more readable choice (ie. explicit shifts), also variant proposed by article is actually portable C, anything involving casting arrays of one type to arrays of another incompatible type is not.

No modern architecture can access arbitrarily aligned words in memory directly (presence of caches modifies things slightly, but shifts the problem from data bus width to cache line width as unaligned word can still span two cache lines). There are generally two solutions to this: disallow that at CPU level (and handle that by raising SIGBUS), emulate it in hardware by doing two memory accesses for one load or store (which involves significant additional complexity), Intel invented third solution in i386: OS can select between these two behaviors.
Yes correct, here is the updated link. http://www.meetup.com/stackoverflow/
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That's unfair. He's done extended radio series on language and poetry, topics on which he's genuinely expert, which were a joy.
But would the problem have taken only a few hours if you hadn't spent those days on it?
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I once interviewed a project manager.. asked how he came up with deadlines. He said "ask the programmers and subtract 20%". Talk about a red flag in an interview!
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No. GNU + Linux does not make an operating system. That’s a lie. In any modern distribution GNU packages are just optional components. They fit in a larger framework that makes an operating system, just like everything else. Stallman’s threshold for GNU/* is apparently just linking against glibc.

When GNU makes an actual distro, they can call it GNU/Linux.
> byte order doesn't matter.

> Let's say your data stream has a little-endian-encoded 32-bit integer. Here's how to extract it (assuming unsigned bytes):

i = (data[0]<<0) | (data[1]<<8) | (data[2]<<16) | (data[3]<<24);

Wait, if byte order doesn't matter, why do I need to do byte-level array lookups when i'm processing a stream of integers? Oh yeah, because byte order does matter. If byte order wouldn't matter (say, if all computers were 32-bit, had the same byte order and the same endianness), I could just cast the stream to int* and be done with it. I can't, because of byte order. It matters.

Whether you deal with it using byte-array lookups and math or #ifdefs and bitmasks, well, whatever rocks your boat man! Good that you're taking it into account, because byte order matters!
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I've installed a greasemonkey script called "Remove Google Redirection" that seems to work fine...
Look Mate, By no means Am I downplaying anybody's accomplishments nor am I trying to say that anything can be built quickly.

Rome was not built in a day. Neither was Git as we know now. But given a narrow set of requirements you can get a prototype out pretty quickly. Especially today when so many reusable things are available. Linus coded up a distributed vcs(Not with all the feature we know now today) sufficient enough to host itself on a weekend.

Its also depends on the Individual. Some people can sit for long hours at a stretch and focus on problems till something worthwhile comes out. Others can only do little per day.

In this case it looks like a rewrite and rewrites are by no means doing something new. By now he would have had a perfect idea of what he needs to do in the entirety so he would be writing per that design one thing at a time. That is totally different that writing a self hosted vcs from scratch on weekend and then iterating and adding features over years.
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Sounds like theories and observations made by Nikola Tesla over 100 years ago.
I was reading those specific two bullet points:

* Hard science fiction.
* Space battles against the AI or other players.

which, combined with:

* Lots of engineering.
* Fully working computer system.

reminded me of essays such as "Realistic Space Combat" [0]. I wonder if Notch considers such a thing.

[0] https://gist.github.com/1526107
There's one and only one reason we write code the way he says not to: performance. Working with words instead of byte munging makes a huge performance difference. And in game development performance beats most other reasoning, especially when we are talking about loading tens of thousands of these on startup. And besides, all our code is wrapped in calls to inline functions named uint32_t FromBigEndian(...) anyway, so it's actually cleaner than what he proposes.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but the package managers of all popular Linux distros (except for Arch Linux, who are moving to bring it in soon) have had code signing for years now. It's not decentralised however the package management system isn't either.