skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The problem is that you are cavalierly throwing around terms like "f is a total function" instead of the more careful, "this set of axioms proves that f is a total function". Diagonalization adds a level of self-reference which may require that you use stronger axioms to prove that if is a total function.

That is not due to a question of definitions or constructivism. This is a point of mathematical logic that most pay little attention to. Namely proving that you prove something is not the same as proving it. And the difference between those two is the question of whether you are consistent.

Suppose that I have a list of axioms, which I'm calling ASSUME. If you want, pick ZFC as the axioms, doesn't matter.

Suppose that I have a program P that takes any positive integer as input and produces an output in finite time. So I get a list P(1), P(2), P(3) and so on. You can model this mathematically in various ways. Gregory Chaitin's version of LISP is particularly nice for this. But any Turing-complete programming language will work.

Suppose that by the construction of my program, each P(i) comes with a proof from ASSUME showing that it will take an positive integer as input, and produce a rational number as output. For any given i, we can find that associated proof. Then using ASSUME we can verify that proof and prove that P(i)(1), P(i)(2), P(i)(3), ... is a sequence of rational numbers.

The surprise from mathematical logic is that ASSUME generally does NOT prove that the following is a sequence of rational numbers:

P(1)(1), P(2)(2), P(3)(3), ...

The reason is that we have shown:

> ASSUME proves that for each i, there is a proof from ASSUME that P(i)(i) is well-defined.

To prove that P(i)(i) is well-defined, we need to inspect the i'th proof. But proving it for every i requires something strong, like that ASSUME is consistent.

And therefore proving that the function f produced by diagonalization is total generally requires a stronger set of axioms than the ones needed to prove things about each item on the list.
IME the average, unoptimized node.js server application already scales (performs) a lot better than the average Java server application just because node.js uses non-blocking by default io and an event loop architecture that works well for most applications.

Of course I imagine if the code is written with performance in mind, Java code can beat out node.js, but my experience is that out in the wild, most Java code is not particularly performant.
Financing climate solutions: Do it the easy way or the impactful way?
The business of these companies is to develop a continual stream of exploits to counteract them being eventually patched, yes.
The two issues are intertwined, and from their perspective the real risk is likely relying on a US company during a time when US/China relations are quite tense. But Apple repeatedly having 0-click 0-day iMessage exploits being used in the wild certainly doesn't help. At a minimum it's a very good justification for them to move to a domestic solution like Huawei and HarmonyOS.
It's also called the "Kompanio 1200" and is considered a Chromebook SoC. A quick search that it's used in the HP Chromebook x360 13b, at least.
Unit 8200 is single largest Israeli military unit, their entire tech industry is filled with 82xx, 81xx and 99xx alumni.

This is what happens when you have universal conscription and the intelligence corps get their pick of the brightest conscripts.

It still doesn’t make them a state actor anymore than the dozen or so European malware vendors and the probably far more numerous US ones and that is before looking into the defense sector proper.
Yeah, it’s been too slow but we have come a long way from when any motivated person could find an exploit in a binary file decoder with a day or two of work.
Those groups do not generally deal with NSO.
This is extremely helpful when hunting for type instabilities.

`@code_warntype` and `Cthulhu.@descend` can both show `SomePackage.foo` was inferred as `Any`.
But why? Cthulhu lets you immediately descend, and see that it's because it calls `SomeOtherPackage.bar`, so you descend, and see...

Five or ten calls in, you finally see a problem you can fix that can motivate a PR.
This is fast to do with with `Cthulhu`. Descending is as easy as pressing `[enter]`, instead of requiring you to construct all the arguments and descend.

Exploring the call graph while doing this gives you some overview of what the code is doing, and you can always look for the initial cause of propagating instabilities, instead of wading through a ton of JET output (but JET is also great).
Thanks for posting this! I'm someone who's grown up in and around the trucking industry and this was a very interesting read.
My friend - Chinese secret services read Secretary of Commerce's emails because of Microsoft's security leaks: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/commerce-secretary-gina-raim...

So yeah, assuming Microsoft systems are up to standard or have security reviews or whatever is a .... big assumption.
> This use is found to be illegal

This being the real hurdle. With Microsoft money behind the defense, only megacorps can win.
This is a fantastic notebook, thanks very much for sharing.

"If you want to run the full notebook on a full size model, expect training the tokenizer to take ~15 hours, pretraining with the MLM objective to take ~17 hours (on a 3070 RTX, adjust expectations for your own system), and finetuning to take about an hour"

I wonder how hard it would be to modify this code to run on a 64GB M2 Mac.

It's frustrating how much potential that platform has for this kind of thing (given the way the GPU shares memory with the CPU) that isn't yet harnessed because most of the ecosystem is built around NVIDIA and CUDA.
Ok, and these companies develop zero-day exploits for a living. You think region-locking is going to work?
I have no idea what "production possibility frontier out through actual research funding/ focusing..." is even remotely supposed to mean, but the Canadian government invests in a wide array of areas including industry and research. In fact the SRED (scientific research and experimental development) tax credit is quite possibly the most generous research and development credit generally available to companies in the world.
Or you’d have separate rules, similar to how you can make kit cars or ultralight airplanes without being held to the same scrutiny as Boeing or GM.
Do they still call it Jīqì"rén" if it's not human-like? Like a vacuuming robot or a robotic arm at an assembly line?
>A vocal minority will complain, this will get built into the supply chain, and a decade or two from now, only older folks will complain.

Yeah, and then during a disaster there's a fault with these new components that render the generator unusable during a critical time that results in someone dying.

>Notice how much safer cars are versus decades ago.

Cars tend to work even if the modern features are broken. Imagine if the car would stop its engine if it couldn't detect that your seatbelt was on. Eg during a drive the detector malfunctions and suddenly your car loses power in the highway.

A generator working can be very important at a time when other stuff tends to break. Making it less likely to work is going to cause problems.

Having models with these protections is splendid. Making it mandatory on all of them is not.
I can recommend the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) map [1] if you like to know the particular effect of the air polullution on your life expectancy in a specific region or city.

[1] https://aqli.epic.uchicago.edu/the-index/
That was a thought-provoking article. Something that interests me is how software systems become more complex over time, gradually deviating from the vision the original developers had. I believe the modern Linux ecosystem (Linux kernel, systemd, dbus, Wayland, GNOME/KDE, etc.) is almost unrecognizable from the Unix ecosystem of 30 years ago, let alone the quintessential classic v6 and v7 Unix systems from Bell Labs. But it’s not just Linux. I think any system that isn’t guided by a “keeper of the vision” eventually becomes huge and complex, especially if it gets widespread use. For example, C++23 is far more than “C with classes.” Common Lisp is quite a beast compared to LISP 1.5. Think of how many features are in Microsoft Office, which has been developed for decades.

I think there’s value in a system that technical users could understand from top to bottom. This is what attracts me to small systems like Minix, Scheme, and Standard ML, just to name a few. However, I’m curious about how the complexity of big systems can be tamed. A system that is hard to reason about even with the source code being accessible is more expensive to maintain and to modify.
It looks like the "de-hyped title" and summary for this submission ended up coming from the current top story on the NSO iPhone 0-day?
>Right, so it’s everyone’s responsibility to be completely up to speed with the safety requirements of everything they buy.

No, it's only their responsibility to read and follow the manufacturer's instructions. That's very different from having to independently research and identify hidden or unknown dangers.
Maybe my understanding of the definition of “discrimination” is incorrect then. I understood the definition to be “unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people”
Looks like a complete nothingburger lol
If you're researching vpns, maybe consider how they are related to media companies as part of your evaluation:

2023 Paid VPN Relationship and Corporate VPN Ownership Map

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37324202
Quebec has a tiny immigration problem, yet housing is still a large problem. It goes beyond immigration...
We tested 11 moka pots and both of our favorites were from the same iconic brand
If said Starbucks is in Germany, you might well be able to order some Kaffee and Schokolade, though!
“The number one thing to look for in a great moka pot is a basket that’s large enough to accommodate a proper coffee-to-water ratio. It should also be easy to assemble and have thicker walls and a wide base for better heat distribution.“
And the age-old debate.

The classical mathematician says, "...but those are only the constructive reals. What about the rest?"

The constructivist says, "What rest? The ones that don't exist?"
say you had very vertical trained models, such that you had like 1000 separate LLMs trained on specialized data and then others LLMs trained on which LLM is most likely to have the data you need, sort of like the way Wikipedia is interlinked, or hierarchical, or essentially like a db index, over nested LLMs, performance would scale higher with many more highly focused models, at least that's my understanding of what possible here.
In addition to SearxNG, Librex is another authoritative metasearch engine I use. It is configurable in different ways and includes torrents.

Brave, Quant, Yandex, and Mojeek are other centralized engines that do not rely on Google or Bing TMK.

I also run Yacy.net instance which is decentralized and federated. I crawl the sites I want to include as do the other operators. It is good for non-authoritative searches for topics that might be suppressed in centralized search engines.
Most organizations are not universally immoral, yes.
Those of you who use Salesforce, what do you think about JoyAI and could you see it providing value to your business?
Checks out in Mandarin, which is interesting, since Mandarin is the exception to almost all proposed alternatives in this thread
four hours and counting. seems like big news to me too

edit: apparently the app on ipads has an offline mode
I am unashamedly one of the static types guys.

Just look at those 'dynamic typing' languages and you find there are dozens of type-changing functions. As well as the problem where the programmer assumes the variable is of one type and the reality is that the variable is currently another type.

'dynamic typing' is for lazy programmers who have no discipline. Static typing is actually easier and more consistent in the long run. But you have to actually think and plan when you use static typed variables.

Python is today's BASIC.
I added a tldr to the top of my original comment. I hope it helps.
Same! I've grown up around the industry and while it certainly has it's issues it's one of the few jobs outside of tech I've always wanted to do.
All things are political and technology is a thing.

That doesn't mean you can't analyze if a specific technical decision was made primarily on technical grounds/merit or if it is mostly a political one without a technical basis.
I love how text is formatted in these documents. It shows a level of attention and care I don’t see often in modern markup/HTML/Word/Pages pipelines. Maybe it is some TeX magic but I like to believe they hand formatted the ASCII back then.
>they don't compromise their right any time.

For good reason.

Braking a heavy truck on a ice road could be a death sentence.
With lockdown mode on, I have to explicitly tap a line of text on the popup to load the preview.
In the near future it will be “subscribe”.

Watching YouTube videos in different languages and eventually you hear “subscribe”
Thanks for pointing this out. Will correct this shortly!
>I just didn't realize that being a beginner in a particular field of study was a bad thing or something to be frowned upon.

It isn't really. Novice, for example, doesn't have negative connotations. The other thing sophomores have going for them is that they're typically teenagers or barely not, and an adult not having grown up generally does have negative connotations.
> so it’s everyone’s responsibility to be completely up to speed with the safety requirements of everything they buy.

When they are explicitly stated in the user manual? Yes. That's part of being a responsible adult.

Your examples are of cases where the seller is not telling you material facts about the product. (Unless you think that toy makers who put lead in their toys or bakers who put arsenic in their muffins actually do state that explicitly somewhere in their "fine print". Which of course they don't.) That's a completely different situation, which we already have a name for: fraud.

> That’s a ridiculous approach.

No, what is ridiculous is to make a completely invalid comparison as though it were a valid argument.

> there’s no evidence it increases failure by any meaningful amount

A number of other posters in the thread have posted evidence to the contrary. Your naive confidence in the power and goodness of regulations is sadly misplaced.
I find it interesting that most comments here are blaming the victim (Apple’s iMessage and by transitivity its users) rather than the aggressor (NSO and its users).

How come NSO isn’t yet designated as a (cyber-)terrorist group worth hunting down and extinguishing?
Are you using torrents or something else?

If you downloaded a file over HTTPS, all they can see is the IP, domain name, and the amount of data transferred on a given connection.
Not exactly what you're looking for, but for anyone interested in Alaska I would recommend checking Peter Santenello's Alaska series on YouTube. It's people and culture focused on everyday life. You'll get a little bit of nature, not much, still very interesting.
My friend, nobody implied that any of these things result in a foolproof system.
Ghibli style is probably trademarked. Different thing. Outline width, color palette, ambient noises, musical style, how the eyes and hands are drawn, when used together, would be possible to trademark I would think.
These seem like very bad candidates. All are loan words, which is interesting, but we could go deeper if we're considering pineapple/ananas and coffee. And let's be real, words like robot and computer are mostly the same in this respect too, especially if we're considering taxi. But what about words that are more "native"?

How about "mama" and "papa"? There are variations, but these seem to be pretty small and mostly replacing the plosive in papa with a b or t. You can pretty much go down the google translate list and see. For mama sometimes the last a changes to an i. Here's some examples (not a linguist or many language speaker so please correct me if I'm wrong. Trying to add some sounding help)

Nearly identical in: Afrikaans, English, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian, Japanese, Filipino

Albanian: mama, babi

Arabic, Chinese: mama (妈妈/媽媽), baba (爸爸)

Bulgarian: mama, tatko (татко)

Chez: mama, tatínek

Hebrew "i-ma" (אִמָא), "ah-bah" ̶"̶b̶a̶h̶-̶b̶a̶h̶"̶ (אַבָּא) (edited: thanks zimzam and ars!)

Korean: "Oh-mah" (엄마) "Ah-pa" (아빠)

My understanding is that these are pretty early words and need to be pronounceable by infants. I wonder what the first human words were and if we still use any of them. We have some constellation myths that are probably older than written language (not recorded, so can never confirm). The 7 sisters is a good example, but remember these are all always contested. We'll never really know tbh.
I'd make a long term bet on this. I think that it won't be very many years until auto-pilots are safer than any humans in any conditions, like chess software. Auto pilot senses and reaction times can be far better, and we're watching AI capabilities increase at an accelerated rate. And huge economic investments in the problems.

If you're a young person at least, don't plan on a long career driving a truck.
While not discounting the need to increase investment in this area, I will mention that there are very few things that can be solved by #buzzwords and #hashtags.
Took a motorcycle roadtrip up to Prudhoe Bay a decade ago. Roads closed in Oregon and California due to snow, hottest day of the trip was 90+F going into Delta Junction, AK.
Start it off like

> John, whereas James had had "had", had had "had "had"...

and you can get them all together...
Wernher von Braun was a monster, and just one of the many that the United States willfully rehabilitated. Another great example is Franz Halder, who was effectively allowed to write the history of the war and significantly de-emphasized the military's involvement. 'Myth of the clean Wehrmacht' to learn more about that.
Very interesting, thank you. I've worked in the LVAD/Artificial Heart and Dialysis industries designing products for 20 years. I've been following the Revivacor stuff (all xenotransplantation stuff really) for years. I remember seeing some of the folks involved speak and prefict this progress in recent ISHLT and ASAIO conferences. I'm happy to have learned yet something new on this topic, thanks!
Associate physician would be a great term, but taking the analogy to the legal profession, wouldn’t we expect an associate doctor to become a doctor someday? Isn’t an associate doctor actually a resident or intern?

Agree NP is a poor term.
There is another Dutch word that must be pretty widespread in STEM circles: ‘eigenvector’.
That’s a creditor, not an employee.

Even VCs take a management fee.
Famously a common Mandarin “uh/um” filler, pinyin “nà gè,” is pronounced in ways that often confuse Americans into thinking that they have heard a racial slur.
Most of those people are not engineers.
What exactly is "an exceptionally restrictive sandbox"?

There are virtual machines such as JVM, V8, or even QEMU. These are sandboxes, which run either some special bytecode or native code with extreme performance drawbacks. Media decoders are performance- and energy-sensitive pieces of software in the end.

And media decoders actually ARE sandboxes of sorts. They are designed to interpret media formats, sometimes even Turing-complete bytecode in retrictive and isolated environments. And like any sandboxes, they too have bugs.
This decoder is actually maintained by Google.
Honestly, from my perspective, and from anyone else not elbow deep in the VC-driven startup hellhole, this post reads absolutely insane. Why is this the only lens that you can look at this through? It feels…unhealthy.
I'd like to know this too!

I only casually use it to find books I might like. So far I've not noticed anything changed since Amazon acquired it (didn't even realise they did, in fact)
I did find the table comparing its permissions to others in the space...enlightening.

My kid bought something from Temu recently and it was ridiculously low-priced. I told him the quality must be terrible...and I was wrong. I was kind of shocked and wondered what the "catch" was.

Of course, I hadn't installed the app but wow, now I have the heebie-jeebies just thinking about it.
Is it me or is this an over the top not very trust worthy article designed to move the stock market?
But, meow isn’t the word for cat, it’s the word for the sound a cat makes.
That's super interesting, I wonder if dropout applied in a certain pattern of segregation could induce more neuron dependence, instead of less. Or do some anti-dropout where a dedicated portion of the model is used. Not sure why you'd want that, but it might be interesting to explore.
Wow, that is VERY effective reading those outloud one after the other!

I think that is the most effective way of understanding the buffalo phrase “sound” that I’ve seen.
This is some kind of Walmart version of Hindenburg research. Even copying their website style.

Are they short PDD? Tough choice considering china stocks are so manipulated you’ll go broke before the truth is revealed.
I guess they don’t see it as their core business so why not win some goodwill and dilute the moats of their competitors who are more leaned into the current AI hype cycle
That’s What I Call Ponzinomics
A bit off topic, but this website has some of the most draconian TOS I've ever seen

> You agree that the information on this website is copyrighted, and you therefore agree not to distribute this information (whether the downloaded _le, copies / images / reproductions, or the link to these _les) in any manner other than by providing the following link: http://GRIZZLYREPORTS.COM

So this HN submission is in violation of their (probably unenforceable) TOS just by virtue of linking to a path other than the root path of the domain.

> If you have obtained research published by Grizzly Research LLC in any manner other than by download from that link, you may not read such research without going to that link and agreeing to the Terms of Use on the Grizzly Research LLC designated website.

Quite ridiculous to expect that you can enforce a directive (don't read this article) on someone who hasn't visited your site and is therefore probably unaware that your TOS even exist.
Yes. There's at least a principled discussion to be had about the pros and cons of something like "full disclosure" vs. "responsible disclosure", but based on everything that's come out about the company I'm pretty comfortable at least provisionally tossing NSO Group in the same bucket as the ghouls who charge prisoners a per-minute fee for phone calls to their families.
I believe you’re referring to GitHub Copilot which is a distinct offering in their portfolio (still Microsoft). GitHub Copilot was based on GPT-3 with fine tuning from public code repositories. That is the controversial aspect of it, I believe.

This blog post refers to the broader ecosystem of Microsoft Copilot solutions. Most of those tools rely on the Azure OpenAI API service on the backend and are not specifically tailored for code generation.
Yeah. This is a short seller report.
If Apple buys NSO Group and shuts it down, other firms are incentivized to enter the market especially because of the prospect of a nice payday if Apple buys the new firm, too.
I'm excited, but it's a shame that it's not available for Apple silicon yet. I really think this is the future of Python
There is one word which I think is the same in all languages: Tariff.

And it makes sense - it's the "how much?" that would be (and is) asked at any port and travelling hub.
Sure you could. At that point you should just give up entirely on talking to people if you think I'm lying about the experience of my cabinet maker father.