skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I will go further (since there are certainly bugs in the kernels of proof assistants, more frequently than you might imagine). Even if there is a bug in Lean's kernel, it will almost never invalidate a Lean proof, because bugs in the Lean kernel (or the kernels of other proof assistants) are, just like with normal programs, almost always bugs dealing with edge cases testing the boundaries of mathematics or syntax, not things that show up in everyday proofs. Coq has fixed numerous proofs of False and, to my knowledge, these fixes have never ended up invalidating a "real" proof that wasn't specifically designed to test these kinds of edge cases. Proofs are far more often broken by changes to the surface syntax (e.g. inference algorithms or the tactic language) than by changes to the kernel.

Obviously, this is not foolproof against malicious "adversarial" mathematicians, so knowing something was proved in Lean still requires some degree of checking. But it does make it pretty extraordinarily unlikely that a false proof in a proof assistant was arrived at by accident, which is far from the case with the "old" way of doing mathematics.

(I'd also add that the concern about getting the specification of a design wrong is something that rarely lasts longer than attempts to actually use it to prove anything nontrivial, since the proofs won't go through, but there at least can be a lot of debate about how to interpret specifications in some fields [e.g. computer science] or whether certain specs are "actually" equivalent to the statements someone wants to prove, especially for stuff like category theory where manual proofs have a good deal of handwaving... but these are minor technical issues compared to the viewpoint of the article).
> “ehhh honestly not how I would do it. The {problem} will cause issues down the road”

If the context is that someone is speaking about something they think they know, and which would be acted upon, what about phrasing the concern as a question, like "How does that approach handle {problem}?"?

(Not that I always practice this, because I don't. But probably it's generally best if I don't assume I'm right. Risks include people who misinterpret question-asking.)
> How many people who "can't get ahead" have $300-$400 car payments? How many people who "can't get ahead" live alone in an apartment rather than have roommates? How many people choose "luxury apartments"?

Do you have answers for any of those questions? The general tone of your comment suggests that you can speak with some degree of confidence about what those numbers are.

(And do you have a response for those who are impacted by the problem described but aren't "guilty" of falling into any of the categories you identify? E.g., what is your prescription to the person who isn't buying new iPhones and unreasonably priced cars, and is not prone to generally reckless[1] spending? It's easy to point to the low-hanging fruit that defies your adversary's position. What about the rest of the tree?)

1. Previously: <https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25467900#25468799>
> Elon wants twitteX to be the west's version of WeChat, seems like he's forgetting WeChat is practically used universally in China because it's controlled by the government and forced on people.

I think you have some pretty serious misunderstandings. WeChat isn't popular in China because it's controlled by the government. IIRC, it's popular because it was better than other Chinese social apps. It's only controlled by the government to the extent that everything is controlled by them. It's only "forced" on people to the extent that Visa, the telephone, or Facebook is forced on Americans.

In other words: WeChat can't be lazily though of as the Chinese equivalent of Telescreen from 1984, where everyone is forced to have and use one, even through it may function similarly in other ways.
> do they still work here, what’s their email

And what happens when you send the wrong message with sensitive data to the wrong Brian because of that?
>I didn't know AMD has a GPU design team in Europe

AFAIK they don't, but the Linux driver guys seem to be mostly German and Polish and such. And yeah, they are doing good work. I half-expect AMD to reboot their Windows driver from the Linux driver code base at some point.
I can't imagine Valve would ever hire him, given the lengths they went to assisting the FBI with the fake entrapment style job interview. Also sets a horrible precedent that you can hold the company ransom over stolen code to get a job if nothing else!
> the amount of problems that would come from disinformation

When we used to say disinformation I imagined deep webs of false references, faking critical data.

Now I can lookup most "fake news" and find the truth of it, generally a too-broad take on quoting someone, within minutes. It's just that for partisan reasons people don't look, and when they have it pointed out they tend to say "yeah, that might be wrong but it's still mostly right in spirit" and keep on going.

It seems like hyper-partisanship or tribalism instead of being primarily based on bad data because the data so rarely comes into question.
Magic: the Gathering.

Started playing very casually before stepping into a more competitive scene. It's both strategic (intersection between poker and chess) as well as creatively expressive (deckbuilding/theorycrafting).

Downsides: $$$
I have not used AWS at that level, but are these actually real?
There were an estimated 750 billion trees worldwide in the 1920s. We now have approximately 3.04 trillion trees in the world.
What we have here is not ai acting in any given manner, but a machine acting as its operator wants it to. AI is/can be the ultimate user agent.
Show HN: LLMStack – Self-Hosted, Low-Code Platform to Build AI Experiences
LLMStack is a low-code platform that can be used to build LLM apps, chatbots and integrate AI experiences into existing products/workflows. It comes with everything out of the box that one needs to build LLM apps locally. It can also be used in a multi-tenant setting, making it available for everyone to use in an enterprise.

Some highlights of the platform:

- Chain multiple LLM models allowing for complex pipelines

- Includes a vector database and necessary connectors to help enrich LLM responses with private data

- App templates tailored to specific use cases to quickly build LLM apps in minutes

- Collaborative app editing and prompt engineering capabilities

- Streaming APIs, Slack and Discord integrations

- Multi-tenant ready for enterprise deployments with user management, org level keys etc.,

- Ability to use local open-source LLMs like Llama2 etc using LocalAI (https://localai.io)

Background: We started as a closed source prompt management platform early this year (https://trypromptly.com) and eventually landed as an Enterprise LLM apps platform. In the process, we learned how hard it is to sell a horizontal SaaS platform. That combined with the concerns around data privacy (both with us hosting data as well sending data to model providers like OpenAI), we found a lot of enterprises hesitant to signup for Promptly. We added the ability for the users to host their own vector databases which helped a bit. With the current pace of performance improvements in open source LLMs, enterprises now have the ability to run LLMs entirely locally or in their private clouds without suffering the loss in quality of output. This made us realize we can make Promptly self-hostable so enterprises can have a low-code apps platform on locally running LLMs without sending any data out. LLMStack came out of this realization.

Promptly is now powered by LLMStack which is entirely being developed in the open. Anyone can bring up LLMStack locally and have an experience similar to Promptly. We still have paid plans on Promptly for customers who don't want to deal with installations and offer on-prem installation support to enterprises that want to use LLMStack similar to Supabase, Airbyte etc. Our current focus with LLMStack is to make it work really well with open-source models. Happy to answer any questions.
Sometimes I use ellipses when I start out writing one sentence, but then decide I want to say something else instead, interrupting what I was initially going to write with something that contradicts it. I suppose this is kind of silly, because, with writing, I can of course just, delete the initial sentence entirely...

... but, idk, it is often easier for me to write largely as if I am speaking? Where much of the punctuation plays the role of indicating inflection/intonation (I'm not sure what the difference is between those two), and pauses, etc., rather than what they are "supposed to" stand for. For example, the question mark at the end of the above sentence does not indicate that the sentence is a question, but that I want it to be read with the inflection that a question would have.

But maybe that is just laziness on my part. Of course, I know not to do this in formal communications. But, perhaps I should still refrain from being lazy in this way even when writing pseudonymous comments on the internet (and if writing it "properly" would make it not worth it to me to write the commend, than simply not write the comment).
I grew up without TV and learned all the things to keep my mind occupied. The ones I spend most time on:

Woodworking

Playing music (guitar, piano, sax, drums, and Audulus 4)

Programming (started around 90 in qbasic)

Gardening (simple stuff these days, herbs and peppers, tomatoes; I make a lot of sauces to add to meals)

Engine repair (started with tractors, now I just fix small engines)

Building building (just built a greenhouse for friends; designing mine now)

Logic circuit design (EE started in motherboard design as a career, switched to software as hardware went overseas)

I went deep on all these at various points. Anymore really only spend enough time on them throughout the year to keep a connection, muscle memory.

If I had to recommend any I’d say gardening and music.

Learning a musical instrument fosters connectivity between both sides of the brain in a way no other skills based learning does[1]. I credit musical instrument skills for the abundance of creative energy I feel. That I spend time on daily or I feel depressed and “off”.

And a fresh sauce makes boiled potato taste like Michelin star cuisine.

[1] https://youtu.be/R0JKCYZ8hng?si=wkyGmTs51d0yp9zI
I don't disagree with you at all. My point is that there's a spectrum here from "no cultural value on free speech" to "free speech is the highest principle" and I think it's perfectly coherent to argue that our society should value free speech and the frank discussion of controversial ideas more highly than it does today.
This is a good point; bugs are less often an architectural problem, and that fixing any architectural problems (bugs or otherwise) are more difficult than fixing localized problems.
is it incentives or are these just the underlying feelings that happen in most people and there isn’t as much of a reason to suppress in an online environment? Sort of like the road rage problem
This is a ridiculously entitled position. You have your perception and are acting on it without considering the consequences to anyone else. Your risk-reward calculation is wrong in the worst way because it hurts someone else and you never feel the consequence so you never correct.
There could be a danger that Mr Xi is prioritising ideology over effective governance, or control over pragmatism.

In other words, too much communism is bad --- just like too much capitalism --- which deteriorates into monopoly and extortion.
ReiserFS is now “obsolete” in the Linux kernel and should be gone by 2025
You surprised me for a second and I thought you had found an example of where they actually _wrote out_ Amazon Web Services in the title of something and I was going to claim they must get paid by the letter or something, but no, it's just "AWS Systems Manager ..." https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide...

Still, yes, a good r/TitleGore find there :-D
NetBSD currently contains an older version of this driver, from Linux 5.6. Checking just now it comes to 2.2M loc. Running the same test on the Linux 6.4 source tree, does give me the reported 5M loc.

Maybe the figures you quote exclude things imported from elsewhere like gcc and llvm, I get a figure of 75M loc for base + kernel of NetBSD-10.
> CS61A was awful for me and made me hate computer science.

Valid criticism. Think for most students, 61A has too steep of a learning curve for an introductory class. For people without any programming experience, it’s a bit too much too fast and with a class size of 2000+, you struggle for resources.

For those with prior experience, it feels like unnecessary training wheels. You learn a little bit of Python, SQL, and Scheme. You have to do environment diagrams (What Would Python Do) on paper, and learn how to use a debugger. Projects and tests have mad-libs style fill in the skeleton code.

In my experience, 61A is a tasting menu of computer science: you take it for the experience, and leave hungry and confused – but excited.

> I tested out of 61B.

OP, you really missed a lot by testing out. This class is half theory, half learn by doing. For example, you learn about red-black trees or Dijkstra's in lecture and then go to lab and implement it.

I know theory and algorithms seem bland at first, but look at the applications.
https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~wayne/kleinberg-tardos/

Favorite aspect of this class was designing and then writing a smaller version of git. You had to write a design spec that was checked off, and then your implementation had to pass a test suite.

If that’s not software development, then I don’t know what it is.

> 61C taught me how computers actually work and simultaneously made me quit the major.

61C was not one of my favorite classes because of how low level it is (compilers, RISC-V, concurrency, etc.). But if you stopped taking classes before upper division, you missed out on a whole gamut of “practical” classes like algorithms (CS170) and operating systems (CS162).
For a long time Facebook was friends only - so what you posted was only visible to people you knew. They slowly changed the default to friend of friends and then public and that changed the whole feel.
How does it change the interpretation of the sentence if you consider "their" to be user's hardware or Nvidia's hardware?
False equivalence (at least). Software we want to run is not just about raw compute available. Licensing of Nintendo's software aside, what if the pocket computer I have isn't mine? If I buy a Switch, I own it.

Just about everything creates waste. Being into any hobby is expending energy in pursuit of leisure. You're opting into excess from the jump.
In 2022, the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) reported the highest levels of coral cover across two-thirds of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in over 36 years.
It's arguable that today the "friction" might be a feature.
I believe that the von should be included in sorting in some languages and not in others. It's a Dutch/German difference, though I cannot recall which is which.
Not sleeping. I just love the quiet night hours or the quiet early morning hours where it's just me in the house and my laptop and I can focus on my little coding projects that never seem to go anywhere.
You know there are people out there with office jobs that need chat tools and not word right? Equally there are plenty of jobs that need word processing tools but not chat tools. Why should people be forced into by both together?

And what does comms and phone lines have to do with Offices market dominance? Are you suggesting that Office should come with a mandatory bundled phone line as well?
I previously submitted this a few days ago as https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37290863 but without any context. Reposting it with background around why we decided to make it open-source and our path forward.
> How did we end up like this?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham's_law
Well, it's going to look like normal Doom.
Löwenheim-Skolem is such a mind-blowing result. It's a shame it's not talked about more often.
Agree, although it was interesting seeing the porosity in the casting in the new design.
Where do these icons come from they don't match what's used in the AWS console at all.

So many of these are weird because I mostly know of their icons from the main console page which apparently doesn't match the ones this quiz is pulling from because it said the S3 icon isn't green and the IAM icon is a key. In the console it's green and an ID with a lock icon on it at least for me.
People on H-1B do pay into programs like social security which they won’t be able to repatriate when they leave.

Agree that an auction will raise more money. My point was that there is significant amount of money H-1B programs generate already.
I recently tried to play a 'modern MUD' . I loved MUDs as a kid, surely modern is better.

In a popular shard, with a prime-time population of 110 people, there existed 60usd 'cosmetic' item for sale in a very modern cash shop.

Unable to wrap my brain around the concept of a MUD cosmetic item, nor a MUD cash shop, I shop-lifted the item.

I now give this , free, to you fine folks on HN : "prismatic crystal"

Wear it with pride; I quit on this whole modern MUD thing until my brain re-solidifies.
https://i.redd.it/lzveac55vqb61.jpg
>Save the compliments for when I do something you actually like.

issue in cultures like this is compliments never come. Maybe a "thanks/good work" after the project/module is done, but by then it's empty words. feels more like "thanks for making me lots of money" instead of "thanks for contributing your skills to this project" if we treat compliments with a waterfall approach with no substance.
Not only that, but there would be high fertility subcultures inside the general population that would be highly overrepresented.
To all Bay Area parents, grab tickets today: it’s the last day for early bird pricing. I’ve taken my kids to multiple Bay Area Maker Faires over the years and we always came away happy.
I got 2/20 after randomly guessing.
I disagree, HN is like a broadsheet newspaper, it encourages a sense of discovery and often learning that things you didn't initially have an interest in, can be interesting or perhaps a parallel to something with which you are engaged.

Further, no personal preferences means the site isn't expected to be tailored to you specifically, this promotes a certain sense of deference where people are exposed to lots of ideas, concepts, industries, experiences and viewpoints -- nobody is an "expert" here and on any particular day, there may be multiple things for you to weigh in on, or none, and that's ok. Along with fair, objective moderation, the discussions here are mostly well-behaved, non-partisan and civil, which all the sites you can personally customize fail to achieve.
Yep. We could cover Mar's sky with something similar to SpaceX's Starlink (high availability from any location on Mars) but with large data buffers and transmission systems that can pump the goods all the back to Earth.
Don’t throw your coworkers under the bus. You may feel this cause is worthy but don’t force others into your crusade.
everyone. more humans = more geniuses = more technology = more everything. The modern world would not have existed with a global population capped at 100k humans or something
We are talking about things like light bulbs and weather sensors.

They do not pretend to be humans, and will never run AI on the device itself, so there is no concerns about social manipulation.

But there are concerns (and many, many examples) of devices that rely on vendor's cloud.. and the vendor goes out of business, making devices useless. If there is no secure boot, people can flash alternative firmware and make devices usable again. If everything is signed, the device has to go to landfill instead.
I just had to write a research report for a funding agency with many subprojects and could not get one input so I took a short video from a pitch presentation and converted it first to captions using spech2text and then to a research summary and it was really impressive.
> Anything except Zulu time is basically broken.

How so? 2030-07-01T18:00:00+01:00 is a well-defined point in time, is it not? It may or may not be local time in London, but it's unambiguous.

July 1st 2030, at 6pm, Europe/London is not. What's broken is the idea that you can somehow standardize "local time at a particular place" in a way that magically survives any arbitrary policy change.

> Some Muslim-majority countries also like to make their DST depend on Ramadan - which falls on a different and somewhat unpredictable date every year.

Thus proving that what you want does not exist and cannot exist.
I still use it to get my news. Most news sites and blogs support it still.

I was sad when google reader shut down, but Feedly has turned out to be a great replacement as I'm too lazy to roll my own Tiny Tiny RSS server.
"Hey I’m glad you patched the bug, but.."

To me that just sounds passive aggressive and sort of like "you should mind your own business".

I'd feel better you if someone just told me: "I saw you patched a bug, could you do X"

or even just "can you give the SREs a heads up next time?" alone.

Then again I'm used to a culture where any praise is ussually implicit and criticism tends to be quite explicit so it's easy to interpret words like "glad" etc. as insincere by default without even wanting too..
Fair warning, the research mentioned at the beginning of this video is controversial and (I think it's fair to say) has generally failed to replicate.

The research in question ("Praise for intelligence can undermine children's motivation and performance", Dweck & Mueller): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9686450/

Overview of the controversy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Dweck#Criticism

Previous HN discussion on the paper: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12233571
Do you have a reference for where Benjamin wrote about this? I found this excerpt from "Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction": "With the emancipation of the various art practices from ritual go increasing opportunities for the exhibition of their products. It is easier to exhibit a portrait bust that can be sent here and there than to exhibit the statue of a divinity that has its fixed place in the interior of a temple. The same holds for the painting as against the mosaic or fresco that preceded it."

But wasn't sure if this was exactly what you were referencing, or some other piece.
If you were writing a letter to him, though, you might put his name on the envelope as MACRON Emmanuel.
That (60 C) is far hotter than I would have guessed. I realize the moon doesn't have an atmosphere, but at the south pole the light should be tangent to the surface. Is the probe not actually at -90 degrees latitude, and was this measurement taken at noon?
What Software Is Made of (2015)
> When I typed “pro-anorexia images,” it created naked bodies with protruding bones that are too disturbing to share here. This is disgusting and should anger any parent, doctor or friend of someone with an eating disorder.

Well duh, the article author asked for it. This is like going to a porn aggregator and being outraged at the results for "anorexic woman”

I dunno if DreamStudio has a good content filter, but SD/SDXL have one, and it can be strengthened if desired.

Now, problematically biased results for undescreptive queries like "CEO" are a known problem in SD... And are already much better in SDXL.
If you use coordinates, make sure to take into account continental drift. You could use a plate-local coordinate system (e.g. British National Grid for Great Britain) so you only need to take into account deformation.

There is actually a good read on this at https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/blog/is-britain-on-the-move
They're used in the architecture diagrams and CloudFormation etc.
It also skims 5 fps from your framerate. Maybe that's nothing for some, but