skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
No, because most assignments aren't really to test understanding but for different pedagogical goals (you could go down a rabbit hole of educational theory about different types of assessment and how and why they are used in different circumstances).

In quite a few courses a key part of the actual valuable learning work is expected to happen outside of the classroom by practicing some activity or putting in time&effort to creatively think about some topic. And for many students this work happens only if there are adequate means for controlling that it has been actually done. So if students can trivially fake having done the practice or thinking, that course design isn't working any more, and you need some completely different structure of the coursework or activities so that the students will put in that work required for the learning outcomes.

Like, if someone assigns an essay about (for example) the impact of foobar on widget manufacturing, it's not because anybody cares what the students think about this topic, and (in most courses) not because they want the students to practice writing essays, and not even to evaluate whether students know about the impact on foobar on widget manufacturing - usually the goal of such an assignment is to (a) have students put in some time to read and think about these topics as a whole, and (b) to see if they have some specific misconceptions that should be corrected with feedback (which is substantially different from testing the level of understanding - if you'd want to do that, then probably a different assessment type would be chosen, formative vs summative assessment).

If the student has someone or something else write that essay, both these goals fail - but these things are needed for the course, so now the course needs to be redesigned to throw away the essay (because it spends time but doesn't contribute to the goals due to it being faked) and add some new activities that will achieve these goals - for example, extensive in-class discussion or debates that will require preparation and will reveal those misconceptions. But that requires changing how that course is taught, which takes time and effort.
> Ad hominem via loose guilt-by-association, the lowest form of "argument" and further evidence of the plague of anti-intellectualism.

The fact that Jeffery Sachs even appeared on the show 100% colours his view on Ukraine.

It’s not “anti-intellectualism” to think that someone who went on the “we should nuke Ukraine show” to talk about how Ukraine should surrender, perhaps doesn’t have the most unbiased opinion about Ukraine.

> I'm curious, do you apply this same standard to those who are platformed by American/Ukrainian-government funded propaganda outlets?

I don’t think they’re comparable really, the show that Jeffery Sachs gladly appeared on has content that is incredibly extreme and feels something more akin to propaganda then any tv I can think of in the west.
Ghost patients doesn't sound so good. When you get a resident doing the work I guess it can happen.
I agree, except all those kids just go on to work in an Amazon warehouse driving a forklift anyway.

We need to start valuing human intellect more otherwise it will simply become a thing we have outsourced to machines like washing clothes and transporting our bodies.
It wasn't particularly; but this is one of those flamey-ranty-generic topics that tends to always be the same. Naybe that was what got me.
I played it a little in a 386SX40. I had to reduce the rendered screen size, and even then it struggled in open or complex scenes and/or when there were a lot of enemies active.
https://archive.is/KcRvA
Totally depends on your desires! I think what’s cool about the tech is that it touches so many different areas. Ignore the grifters…those happen in any sector (albeit, web3 has definitely had its issues).

Look into the core infrastructure layer. It incorporates generally useful, interesting topics that are hard problems to solve, including: computer science, cryptography, game theory, distributed systems, p2p networks, finance (tokenomics), social engineering, etc. There’s a lot you can learn from that alone, and you can always apply it elsewhere. Plus, most of the industry is open source, which helps with the learning aspect.

The more interesting protocols and applications imo are in the “DePIN” space (physical infra networks), which take advantage of web3’s permissionless nature (open identity framework with cryptographic, payments, consensus-based rules, run your own nodes, etc.). These can be built on top of chains like Ethereum or totally standalone blockchains. Plenty of companies are building things like decentralized satellite imaging, weather data, compute, storage, IoT, renewables, etc. Admittedly, it’s still very early; the user/dev experience is subpar, but abstractions will continue to improve things (e.g., no common user should need to worry about private keys).

The difference here with traditional web2 infra is that web3’s incentivized p2p network allows applications to take more of a crowdsourced approach, in a sense. Users can contribute but also earn for their contributions through protocol fees or reward mechanisms, which helps scale a protocol itself while—in the long term—changing how data moves on the internet.

Also—slight tangent, but calling blockchains a database is a misnomer. For example, Ethereum is a global state machine that provides shared state & execution, allowing anyone to run arbitrary programs on it. There is definitely (expensive) data storage as part of this, so you can only store a limited amount of data using smart contracts. Also, databases process data a bit differently and more efficiently. The native query features for blockchains (RPC calls) are nothing like that of a database (e.g., SQL), to the point where new networks on top of blockchains are built solely for indexing and querying that data (Tableland, The Graph, etc.).

And of course—there are other benefits like censorship resistance, but the tech itself is more intriguing!
Eh, family is overrated. I choose my friends, acquaintances, and peers, because I enjoy their company, and they enjoy mine. Family is a luck of the draw situation. Luckily for me, my family's alright, but I have a far closer bond with my life-long friends than I do to some kid who happens to have come out of some person who came out of the same person as the person I came out of.
Ah, and now I’ll have this stuck in my head as well!

Is this the “woke mind virus”?
I guess they weren’t testing for whether the bias is true.

Though yeah, it’s a bit wishy washy to call something a bias and not real, then design your test to avoid challenging the notion.

A bias could still be present though. A phenomenon can exist but be overestimated or underestimated in degree due to bias.
It did get flagged, so it may have been that. 1 day ago is much too long for me to remember!
Happiness and career perspectives are not the same metrics. Someone can be very happy with the worst job or no job while plenty of Google ML Engineers are in depression. They still have the best careers in the world tho, there is no need to assume nothing when we logically compare that career X is better than career Y.
Funding for MUDs has always been an extremely difficult topic. You've got basically two options - either rely on financially stable retirees with way too much free time or rely on college students with way too much free time. The hosting cost is essentially nothing and setting up a dono button but accepting that you'll probably spend about 1-2 hundred dollars a year of your personal money (as the owner/operator) to maintain the server can cover that cost... but staff is where the real challenge is. MUDs live and die by having a good, fair, engaged staff of RPAs (role-play administrators) or whatever you call them... and those people need to absolutely love the game world because the expectation levied on them is either (with good staffing) 4-6 hours a day or (with thin staffing) 8-12 hours a day of labor to watch player requests, set up events - etc... and while mud player bases skew towards experienced players who appreciate and respect the work an RPA is doing there are always new players that can be abusive and even experienced players have bad days (especially if your game is perma death - then drama will occasionally dial way up). One other thing to keep in mind is that when you accept the mantel of RPA you're losing a lot of your ability to enjoy the game, you have access to privileged information and will either 1) metagame and be a terrible person 2) manage to drive your character in a direction away from plots you're personally managing (only possible with sufficient staffing) or 3) (the most likely) find yourself having difficulty playing because you know the metagame temptation is there and it's hard to compartmentalize information.

The TL;DR is that MUDs are freaking hard to staff for free - offering compensation (even if it's just an occasional 100$ gift card in thanks for a month of work) is a huge boon to the community... but given the size of the player base and the demands on staff actually paying a decent wage is pretty much impossible. In your 100 person MUD example the staff is probably somewhere around a dozen people - lets assume you have a staff ratio of 1:8 - that would mean that to afford 15/hr you'd need players (that tend to be logged on 4 hours a day) to pay two dollars an hour or sixty dollars a month. Employed people can shrug off this cost - but people with a full time job can't play MUDs... so you're looking at getting 60/mo out of college students and retirees and that's pretty impossible.
> There are many earlier papers describing different methods for arriving at similar conclusions.

The paper under your link is claiming a recent second bottleneck (in addition to the out-of-Africa one at ~60kya) but the Science paper is claiming an ancient bottleneck at ~900kya. These are very different conclusions.

Note that the method in the Science paper is unable to find this second bottleneck directly in non-Africans. The authors have to fix recent population sizes to find it. This doesn't sound right. The new method is also inconsistent with earlier established methods (disclaimer: one of them is mine) which the authors don't have an adequate explanation to. More discussions at:

https://twitter.com/aylwyn_scally/status/1697344429135135018
It’s not an uncommon view - I trust them in terms of privacy and security much more than the alternatives.
You could imagine sociological divide instead of a physical one; a proto-religion that forbade and punished associating with outsiders, for instance.
16Oxygen is well-characterized using a variety of ab initio nuclear many-body strategies, partly because it is doubly magic and has an equal number of protons and neutrons.

Even though 28O is doubly magic, the unequal number of protons and neutrons creates computational difficulties for even ground-state computations, never mind decays.

Doubly magic: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics)
I can get on board with education about social engineering hack attempts, but the amount of spyware on my work machine feels like institutionalized cyber crime. I have work that is I/O intensive, and the third party AV makes sure that's as slow as possible.
It's not a "bug" but it is disappointing.

To mathematicians and non-mathematicians.

Being unable to prove or disprove certain statements is a rainy cloud. Like maybe the Riemann hypothesis is just impossible to prove.

It doesn't mean math is "broken" but it is disappointing, no?
You've also done a great deal, unfortunately, to feed these flamewars. For example, you posted 36 (!) times in this one: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37292351, which was not started by your critics. Worse, of the 52 comments you posted in this thread overall, all but a few were not flamewar. I tried to count the good ones but there were so many flamey ones that I ran out of steam.

I'm sure a ton of good work has gone into your lanugage, but we don't need a perennial flamewar on HN, so please stop feeding it. More at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37344925, which applies to several of you, not just Tozen.

The responsibility to fix this lies with you guys because you're the ones who (rightly) care most about the topic. The way I see it, there are two options: either (1) you give up on taking bait, focus 100% on the interesting parts of your work and 0% (and I do mean zero) on defensiveness and provocation, or (2) we just ban this topic from HN. Personally I'm fine either way, and I'm pretty sure the bulk of the community would be also. What I don't want is this status quo headache that comes up every couple months or so.
Thanks for the reco! I would also like to make one, which is the book “Assyria: the rise and fall of the world’s first empire” by Eckart Frahm. An absolutely fascinating read which leverages modern scholarship and archaeological discoveries to paint a much more nuanced picture of the Assyrian empire than the strongly anti-Assyrian standard narrative that has roots in the biblical perspective. I learned a ton.

The amazing thing about ancient history, for me, is that it helps situate my experience and this present moment. The more I learn the more the past feels close. And it is so close! What we call ancient history is just a few dozen generations ago. These people were so much like us. It is truly remarkable how far we have come in terms of technology but how little progress we have made in terms of wisdom.
Ironically, I consider the amplituhedron to be very unclear.

Every presentation by its author goes: "here's a triangle, here's a simplex, and now... ta-da... the amplituhedron is the same!"

He skips 15 steps every time. It's literally the "here's a circle, then another circle, and now just draw the rest of the owl", but in terms of theoretical physics.
Well, it’s ok to vent about things like that as long as it’s substantive. One way to facilitate this kind of discussion is to remember that topics like this need to become more substantive, not less. As it stands there’s very little in your comment, let alone a substantive point about why OpenAI is bad.

It’s hard to argue that OpenAI hasn’t helped pretty much everyone who’s used ChatGPT at all. That they do it for a profit doesn’t really change that equation much. Obviously I’d love to see them open source GPT-4 too, since it was trained on the world’s data. But they’re not compelled to.
> I obviously did not say or imply that everybody can be happy with what they have

Versus:

> What could be better is to be happy with what you have.

Contradiction detected.
The private messaging apps are modern social media. Social media is a service a group of people who know each other in real life communicate about things happening to them in real life. I know that a lot of people take issue with that definition but that is only because the well-known social media companies stopped focusing on social media and started doing publishing.

Posting on Facebook and Instagram is down because people discovered a significantly better social media service: group text threads. Those took off because they have a critical feature that Mark Zuckerburg doesn't believe in: privacy contexts. Good UI and lack of ads also help. So critical is this new social network to young people that adults on HN complain that their kids say that not having an iPhone (and thus a rich texting experience) would be "worse than death."

I don't intend to disagree with your points overall. Indeed, young people like social media more than old people.
> HTML and various javascript libraries like mathjax or other libraries for charts and graphs.

How do you email that to someone as an attachment? Can you embed all of that stuff into a single .html file?
How I view the situation is:

(1) this topic turns into the same tedious and lame flamewar every time it comes up;

(2) your account has made the flamewars worse on many occasions;

(3) that's against HN's rules regardless of how badly other commenters may have behaved;

(4) the fastest way to nonplus a moderator is to respond to moderation by pointing the finger at others.

Also, I didn't just warn you once:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36816398 (July 2023)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33686314 (Nov 2022)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33686270 (Nov 2022)

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=33578462 (Nov 2022)

I'm sure V is a very nice language but HN doesn't need to have threads about it, and HN does need to not have flamewars, so this dynamic needs to stop. I'm talking about puerile drama like https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37292351 (which incidentally was kickstarted by someone on your side, not the other side).

The best way for it to stop would be for those of you who feel aggrieved by unfair criticism to stop being provoked. The internet is the internet—critics will never go away, shit will always get repeated. But you guys have the power to stop feeding it. That would solve the problem, at least from an HN point of view, because the fires wouldn't keep growing if you didn't flood them with oxygen. But it means developing the capacity not to be so easily provoked, which (I know well from my own experience) is not so easy. It's worth the effort though.

In any case, it's off topic and destructive for HN. If the only way for us to be free of it is to never discuss that programming language at all, that would be a shame, but it would at least be better than the status quo, and a price we'll pay if we have to.
The better demonstration of that postulate is that it is only a black hole if it is a black hole in all reference frames. So if it isn't a black hole in its own reference frame, it isn't a black hole.

As for the effect of moving masses, that kind of "drags" space-time along with it. And rotating masses do as well. In the case of rotating masses that's called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lense%E2%80%93Thirring_precess... and was what Gravity Probe B was measuring.

As for the light, you can solve the mystery as follows. Go to the reference frame in which the light is just all pouring into one spot. In that spot photons are meeting photons and creating a sea of pairs of particles - and now it is obvious that a black hole could be made.
Disturbingly, protobufs are seemingly used a whole boatload outside out of Google, despite me finding them personally meh :-)

Golang seems bigger outside of Google than inside, too.

(Like the nick, BTW. Wish i'd never sold off my TX81z)
I can't disagree more. He built malware, and distributed it to steal game keys. Then, he stole and published the hl2 source. It's a lot more than just wanting to play a game early.
> to structures that can be reduced to a summary value one element at a time.

This is the key part in my mind. Or elsewhere in the documentation:

> Class of data structures that can be folded to a summary value.

https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.18.0.0/docs/Data-...

Foldable is the generalization, in the mathematical sense of the word, of some list functions, but it is not just the list functions. Generalizing something and applying to other structures sometimes results in unintuitive behavior, but is mathematically correct.

`Maybe` makes mathematical sense with foldable. A function with the type that `length` has for Foldable `Foldable f => f a -> Int` makes sense as well. The number of items in a list or a tree, or various other structures makes sense for 'data structures that can be folded to a summary value'.

The design decision I think is whether or not you call `Foldable f => f a -> Int` in Foldable `length` or something else. Since you have `length` for list structures already and `Foldable f => f a -> Int` is `length` for lists you can call it `length` instead of having two functions `length :: [a] -> Int` and lets say `foldCount :: Foldable f => f a -> Int` that both do the same things for lists.

I am pretty sure a discussion on this decision popped up, both in mailing lists and r/haskell, when they made the switch from `length :: [a] -> Int` to `length :: Foldable f => f a -> Int` in the haskell prelude. I did not follow it closely though both reduction in function count, pedagogical arguments and more came up.

edit - The proposal was the FTP proposal if you want to google those conversations.

Some links to start with

FAQ:

https://wiki.haskell.org/Foldable_Traversable_In_Prelude

random reddit conversation on r/haskell that popped up on a google search:

https://www.reddit.com/r/haskell/comments/3okick/foldable_fo...
That hypothesis implies that they would wipe out the whole industry long before themselves, so it's probably not correct.
If you're really bullish, go into software. It will only mean more business software if it takes off.

Truck drivers are in high demand and that's not going to end anytime soon, despite the rhetoric of 5 years ago it's probably one of the least automatable. Ditto for electricians and plumbers.
yeah, something like in Mutineer's Moon
I feel like not asking is a reasonable default, and creates the culture and world I want to live in.

If you really don't want to be praised without consent I will respect those wishes but you'll need to let me know first.
\devil's advocate: If the augmented-student pair performs at the required level, what's the problem? The test should be how good they are at using LLMs. Tools should be absorbed.

Similar to today, when grades are a proxy for ability, but private tutoring puts an average student in the 2% (Bloom's 2σ problem) for that stage, but doesn't boost the student's general intelligence for the next stage. Also, hard work, self-discipline, and focus will increase grades but not GI. (Of course, stidents do learn that specific stage, necessary for the next stage, so this criticism is just for use as a proxy).

We might say what is really be evaluated is the ability to get good grades (duh) - whether through wealth or work.

The same argument can be applied to LLMs. Using they is an important ability... so let's test that. This is the future. Similar to calculators and open-book exams.
Dashes-Versus_underscores; the Definitive Guide
https://archive.is/zgzUc
Audio device selection is horrible. Several of my (otherwise fully working) devices either don’t show up in the lists, or if they do, pass no audio.
> I stopped making logos, it's a really difficult and thankless job.

Just ask more money for it then :-)
Kagi now accepts PayPal, EUR and Bitcoin payments
That’s also a problem with a lot of the social safety net initiatives like UBI — small scope of the studies. It’s very difficult to say how these measures could affect the macro economy. It would be easier to pass/ratify laws for them if their large-scale effects were clearer.

For example, we don’t know if UBI would just result in more inflation. It could inflate prices so much that those ineligible would be in unbelievable poverty — perhaps not being able to participate in the economy at all. Or maybe not. It is very difficult to tell.
I think there's actually a really trivial modification for that: every thousand years or so, one of the colonizer islands decides the other colonizers are impure, cuts itself off, and begins the cycle all over again.
> There are objective facts about the nature of reality

Such as?

> "but how do you actually know" argument of a college freshman

Epistemology has been studied by some of the greatest thinkers since the ancient greeks ( probably even before ) and not just college freshmen.

> no matter how obvious the impact some people just refuse to accept things as objective simply because they fail to intuitively understand them.

If you have to intuitively understand them, it isn't very objective is it?

> Foundational fields like mathematics and physics are as objective as we can get.

What in math are objective facts about the nature of reality? Where in nature is the number 1? Also do you realize that many mathematicians don't even accept the 'reality' of real numbers.

I think as you think more deeply about these topics, you will change your tune.
Power Platform Privilege Escalation