skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> but to my knowledge the vast majority of us do not have any choice in who fills an order

Why on earth do you care who fills your order?

If you place a GTC/Day limit order, it will fill at the price you deem fair, or better.

If you enter a transaction to deal a quantity of a security at the price you deem fair, what difference does the nature of the counterparty make?
You can't let web software sit on a stack that does not get security updates.

The last release of PHP 5 was less than 5 years ago.

Javascript from 20 years ago still works fine. That's the way it should be.
FTA:

> The saboteurs reportedly interspersed the commands they used to stop the trains with the Russian national anthem and parts of a speech by Russian president Vladimir Putin.

> The only real limitation of the train-paralyzing radio attack, Olejnik says, would be that the saboteurs would have to be relatively close to the target trains—somewhere from hundreds of feet to miles, depending on the power of the radio equipment used in their disruption operation. [...] Given that the disruptions appear to have occurred in three different Polish administrative regions across the country, getting that equipment close enough to all the target trains would likely have been the biggest challenge for the saboteurs.

So it was a coordinated attack. This could really turn into a DoS vector against the railway system - if I extrapolate from Germany there should be enough Z-Zombies in Poland that it's a real danger. If it isn't even done by FSB or GRU but considering that all you need an antenna, a USB-SDR? and a notebook this could get really ugly.
It's always funny when those "grey hats" or similar "it's just a prank bros" find out they're "vulnerable" to a pair of handcuffs, or to judicial findings, or even worse things
There's no single answer. Most of them did indeed get started organically, but some got started by dukes who were in the city starting business:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Zähringen

Some got started by Roman Emperors:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsburg

Some got started by a country wanting a new capital:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasília

And some grew organically, but were at some point or other subject to a massive master plan:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haussmann%27s_renovation_of_Pa...

https://thegreatestgrid.mcny.org
Java the language has a lambda / function-literal syntax, not first-class functions. (You know this, obviously.)

The `struct` bit can refer to a few things: value typing, stack allocation, and explicit memory layout. I think records give you value typing, but not stack allocation or explicit memory layout. They are just syntactic sugar for immutable POJOs.
FTA: “Novak Djokovic’s Wimbleton winning streak came to an end this past weekend […] This year he was observed wearing a patch on his chest”

So, he started wearing a patch, he didn’t win Wimbledon for the first time in years, and yet, he called that patch “the biggest secret of his career”.”*?
Aubade
By Philip Larkin

I work all day, and get half-drunk at night.
Waking at four to soundless dark, I stare.
In time the curtain-edges will grow light.
Till then I see what’s really always there:
Unresting death, a whole day nearer now,
Making all thought impossible but how
And where and when I shall myself die.
Arid interrogation: yet the dread
Of dying, and being dead,
Flashes afresh to hold and horrify.

The mind blanks at the glare. Not in remorse
— The good not done, the love not given, time
Torn off unused — nor wretchedly because
An only life can take so long to climb
Clear of its wrong beginnings, and may never;
But at the total emptiness for ever,
The sure extinction that we travel to
And shall be lost in always. Not to be here,
Not to be anywhere,
And soon; nothing more terrible, nothing more true.

This is a special way of being afraid
No trick dispels. Religion used to try,
That vast moth-eaten musical brocade
Created to pretend we never die,
And specious stuff that says _No rational being
Can fear a thing it will not feel_, not seeing
That this is what we fear — no sight, no sound,
No touch or taste or smell, nothing to think with,
Nothing to love or link with,
The anaesthetic from which none come round.

And so it stays just on the edge of vision,
A small unfocused blur, a standing chill
That slows each impulse down to indecision.
Most things may never happen: this one will,
And realisation of it rages out
In furnace-fear when we are caught without
People or drink. Courage is no good:
It means not scaring others. Being brave
Lets no one off the grave.
Death is no different whined at than withstood.

Slowly light strengthens, and the room takes shape.
It stands plain as a wardrobe, what we know,
Have always known, know that we can’t escape,
Yet can’t accept. One side will have to go.
Meanwhile telephones crouch, getting ready to ring
In locked-up offices, and all the uncaring
Intricate rented world begins to rouse.
The sky is white as clay, with no sun.
Work has to be done.
Postmen like doctors go from house to house.
I love that you want to help but is this, like, reviewed by mental health professionals?
In British English data is a collective singular.
> HFT replaces massive floors of human traders doing basically the same job but at much lower cost.

HFT is just one form of algorithmic trading, they're not the same thing.
Childcare is not free in France, it is subsidized but parents pay in proportion of their resources.
My first thought when seeing the headline was: if they actually hacked into the control system to stop the trains, could they also hack into the German train system to make the trains go on time?

But sadly the hack was merely an emergency stop signal. It sounds like it's about as much a hack as pulling the emergency brake.
The $2.98 Computer Library (1977)
> HFT refer to a very specific trading hack

Maybe 10 years ago, but these days (outside of very specific markets) most of the big “HFT”s are really doing quantitative trades or market making.

> that is not available to general public

Collocating with a venue is expensive and clearing membership of an exchange has capital requirements, but it’s not some old-boys club; anyone with sufficient funds can take part.

It’s not available to the general public to exactly the same extent that exchange membership isn’t available to the general public.
Traits as in the original Smalltalk research, Rust traits or Haskell type classes are like interfaces, but only when in scope. So until you import a trait, its implementation on various types isn’t visible.

This makes it possible to safely make a new trait and implement it on a built in type (like giving int a method) without the chance of another unrelated use of the type accidentally using what this trait provides.
lol, unfortunately nobody cares about.
Rocket DOJ sues SpaceX; a look inside doomed Spaceport Camden
This is an old article from 2016, seems like the F-5s are still hanging on, quoting Wikipedia:

"Due to high operating costs, lack of parts, and the extreme age of the aircraft, the Mexican Air Force retired all but 3 F-5s in late 2017.[16] In early 2019, the Mexican Air Force received repaired engines for their F-5 fighters, as part of an effort to return a handful of the aircraft to operational status.[17] In early 2023, restoration work on F5 airframes has begun with the intention to have a total of at least 9 F5s in active service."

It might not be a state of the art fighter, but the F-5 is a very good looking plane.
Very recently, Los Alamos National Lab published a report An evaluation of risks associated with relying on Fortran for mission critical codes for the next 15 years [1]. In their summary, they write:

<quote>
Our assessment for seven distinct risks associated with continued use of Fortran are that in the next fifteen years:

1. It is very likely that we will be unable to staff Fortran projects with top-rate computer scientists and computer engineers.

2. There is an even chance that we will be unable to staff Fortran projects with top-rate computational scientists and physicists.

3. There is an even chance continued maintenance of Fortran codes will lead to expensive human or financial maintenance costs.

4. It is very unlikely that codes that rely on Fortran will have poor performance on future CPU technologies.

5. It is likely that codes that rely on Fortran will have poor performance for GPU technologies.

6. It is very likely that Fortran will preclude effective use of important advances in computing technology.

7. There is an even chance that Fortran will inhibit introduction of new features or physics that can be introduced with other languages.
</quote>

In my view, a language is destined for being a "maintenance language" if all of these are simultaneously true:

1. There is a dearth of people who know the language well.

2. Few people are opting to learn it in their free time, and/or seek it out for a job.

3. Companies do not seriously invest in training in learning the language.

4. Companies don't pay enough to convince an engineer to use it. who otherwise loves using other languages and has better prospects with them.

I've experienced unique challenges in hiring Lisp programmers, but the fact it remains sufficiently interesting to enough software engineers (who are usually good programmers) has been a boon, and likewise providing space to learn it helps even more.

Fortran though is teetering on its historical significance and prevalence in HPC. Aside from the plethora of existing and typically inscrutable scientific code, I'm not sure what the big iron imperative language offers over the dozens of other superficially similar choices these days, except beaten-path HPC integration. Scientists are more and more writing their code in C++ and Python—definitively more complicated than Fortran but still regarded as premier languages for superlative efficiency and flexibility respectively. Julia has had a few moments, but (anecdotally) it doesn't seem to have taken off with a quorum of hardcore scientist-programmers.

[1] https://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lar...
That's not how safety systems work.

Ever walked around in a factory? Those big red mushroom buttons everywhere actually work. Absolutely nothing is going to stop you from hitting one of them. It's not unlike the social contract: the assumption is that you too are kept safe by others.

Abusing such systems is the lowest of the low, and will get you in serious trouble. As would be sabotaging fire fighting equipment, arson, bomb threats, throwing stuff onto the highway and so on. The fact that you can't see any reason means that you are probably not in charge of safety anywhere. The battle is so asymmetrical that you can't win unless people stick to the assumption that their lives are valuable too. If that is no longer the case you are technically at war.

This is why suicide bombers have an easy time of it: they have broken out of that social contract and are willing to give up their own lives to take the lives of others. You simply can not effectively defend against this unless you are willing to throw out the social contract and become a police state yourself (or suffer eventual loss of life).

The minimum level of competence to run an important system (to put a train in motion, for instance) is definitely there. But to stop an important system should need no competence, it should just require presence and action. Any other requirements are not going to be secure (because too many people need to have access to such systems, including all of the public) but will cause the critical part to fail just when it is needed.
What constitutes as a contract can depend on the legal system at play. Even in western legal systems, the English, French, and German based approaches to law can have different implications when it comes to philosophical questions like "are licenses contracts". As far as I know, GPLv2 is considered a contract under these legal systems, but I'm not lawyer.

AGPL and most GPL derivates were certainly made with the help of lawyers, but those lawyers overwhelmingly studied American law, since that's where these licenses came from. They can be used in other countries of course, but they are full of American legalese. Direct translations do exist but they don't alter the words to accomplish the same effect under different systems of law. For example, the vitality of GPLv2 does not apply in Germany: https://cms-lawnow.com/en/ealerts/2022/01/developments-in-op... and GPLv3's punishment clause protecting violators for their first incompliance, without further punishment, was denied: https://blog.versioneye.com/2015/09/21/judgment-to-gpl-viola...

The exact same legal text can have an entirely different meaning when interpreted by a foreign judge in another country. What is a watertight contract in one place, is a breach of a party's freedoms in another. There's a reason the exact text written in treaties is argued over for years, because it's challenging to express what you want to say in a way that's legal for every party's jurisdiction.
The main use case for RSC is reducing the JS bundle size sent to clients. You can now use npm modules only server side if you want (markdown formatting being a popular example).
Yes and no, I think. If you have a valid exemption under copyright (e.g. fair use) then you don't need a licence for the use or making of the derivative work. Obviously such a defence (e.g. fair use) would likely be very difficult in the context of commercial use of the copyrighted work.
> a slice of an array based on an integer post ID

Can't see how that works when you've got threading going on.

e.g. You have posts 1-10 and pages of size 5. 1, 2, 5 are top level posts. 3, 4 are replies to 1. 6, 7, 8, 9 are replies to 5. 10 is a reply to 2. Which means page 1 contains 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and page 2 is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
“Kinky chariots” isn’t too far off. ;)
I really like the look of that browser, which is it? Netscape?
An evaluation of risks associated with relying on Fortran
What can a human do disconnected from society?
Most writing is about giving people the information they want or need while respecting their time. In that sense, I find technical writing to be very close to UX design. If you want to write well, you must know your audience's needs and struggles.

This is always left out of style guides, yet it's a core element of good writing. Clear writing is pointless if it clarifies the wrong things.

It does not just require good writing skills, but also empathy and understanding.
It always makes me grin when newbies complain that VHDL is too verbose. The pain of hooking up the Xilinx AXI interconnect in about three feet of (pre-system)verilog is something I will not forget in a hurry. Having wrapped it in VHDL with nice neat record types, I can now hook it up in just a few lines of VHDL.

I think of it a bit like rat's nest wiring vs. nice neat labelled cable looms.
In this case they are an appliance, the hardware is owned by the school and user accounts are managed through them. Those taking an interest in coding could be given access to a Linux VM with an IDE and compiler, they don't need ring 0 access to the computer they're currently using to learn to code. Given these computers often change hands between students, it would actually be somewhat dangerous to allow one of those students to, say, install a rootkit.

Once the school (or any other org) is done with them I'm all for removing all locks on the hardware so it has a fighting chance of staying out of landfill.
Cargo van? No, car go "beep beep"
As the gruq discussed in his keynote at HITB-HKT a few days ago, one can make the argument that the "train system" was hacked: Simple mechanisms were used to bring the whole system down.
I don't actually know but my assumption is that that they're working with a very old codebase based on the "bespoke parsing and plugins for every language" paradigm that served them well for decades. Meanwhile eg VSCode is using the "language server with treesitter and queryable compiler genetically integrated over a standard API" model that's only recently become widespread.

When I first learned about LSPs it was immediately clear to me they would run circles around the "traditional" IDEs. I'd given up on using IDEs because I found them too finicky and error prone, but LSPs have been a total game changer.
You don't want time for any non-mechanical verification because stopping a train needs to begin immediately if there are serious problems

Poland is apparently in the process of purchasing and installing GSM-R, which is basically like old mobile phone (cellular radio) technology but specifically for Railways. Although GSM's security is hardly state of the art it would definitely be reasonable to call that "verification" if they had it. The "easy" way for lay people to send such a message under GSM-R would be to obtain a real transmitter, maybe steal one.

Presumably since they're buying GSM-R they currently have either an ad hoc secure system or they don't have a secure system at all and so in the latter case yes there would be no verification.
In the UK, the "emergency stop" feature might actually be an "emergency talk to the driver" feature.

Source: I was sitting opposite a family whose small child activated the emergency stop. The train didn't stop.
Try reading a few pages of Marx's writing. It's unbearable.
These hand written notes look very cool, but as a teaching digital medium they are awful.
This is a terrible name for the project. "OpenTF"? Surely they can come up with something more imaginative.

How about "Genesis" or "Reliant"?
I hope you can find some joy in your life, find other things that are worth living for. You're on Hackernews, so I'm assuming you're into tech. Maybe you can apply your skills to more altruistic projects. Helping others might help with one's mental health.

Hope this is not too personal, but why did you choose to set yourself on fire? It's a brutal and painful way to go. It's also brutal for the person who would have found you, seeing the disfigured and charred body.

Maybe in a suicidal state of mind it's difficult to think about the after effects and all you can think about is to end the pain of living.
Forcing old PHP codebases to either adapt (WordPress for example) or die, is a good thing.

PHP5 code is horrible in almost any metric and I'm astonished that websites running old PHP code are so seldom hacked.
Do they? I thought it was only iPhones. Either way, Apple will find a way out...
I've had a several months long run in with a so-called 'hacker' on HN who is now - fortunately - in jail for something else. This got really tedious and the lack of support was quite frustrating (to put it mildly). I'm sure he thought it was all fun and games. He's threatened swatting people on here, destroying their businesses, families and so on. And all from the relative safety of what he believed to be anonymity.

Such people have no place in society and setting them loose on neighboring countries is inviting a tit-for-tat that we can all do without. Personally I think these attacks are very close to - or already over the threshold for - acts of war.
Exactly. And the fact that (probably) none of these people ever use the singular "datum" in writing makes the whole thing reek of gate-keeper-y "I am smart and you are not because I know a Latin thing".

Also, every single time I see this "gripe" I am tempted (but don't because it helps nothing) to go "hmm, interesting you don't have the same issue with 'agenda'."
Apptronik Introduces Apollo Humanoid Robot
I'll gladly agree to disagree, but I still think there was some degree of ingenuity involved in the whistle thing that would make it "hacking", whereas these kids basically just called a phone number.
It is of course an observation that holds almost always, like Zipf. But only for very large numbers. However, this bit

> But the remaining 20% (200)will buy that $40 package instead of $10.

Hasn't the author also heard about the Law That People Don't Pay For Nothing? You really need to offer something worthwhile for that 300% increase. If you take it away from your $10 tier, you may lose clients there. It's a balance, and for a starting business, a precarious one.
3 years to catch up with 2011 tech, and a decade later nothing better to show.
Linux 6.6 Will Avoid Unnecessary Kernel Panics on AMD Zen Systems
I have not much experience with fortran but I see it as something like cobol - a relict of old times.
You know it’s beyond help when a thing people hate is a named UX approach.
Working from home does not mean being isolated, the two aren't the same. Being isolated from the office and spending less time on travel means that you have more time to spend on friends and hobbies.
Here is a really good ada tutorial for low level and systems programming.

https://learn.adacore.com/courses/intro-to-embedded-sys-prog...

Here the bit fiddling in Ada data structures is explained
https://learn.adacore.com/courses/intro-to-embedded-sys-prog...
Quite cool
see also RakkasJS which is also Vite based but slightly more opinionated.

vite-plugin-ssr (soon called Vike) and RakkasJS comparison: https://dev.to/redbar0n/comment/28nbg
I've driven in NYC. No, it is not. Just about every other city in the US is more driver friendly. Here are others who agree that NYC is not super car-friendly compared to other places.

"Almost every New Yorker and anyone who has ever visited will encourage you not to drive in New York City." - https://www.tripsavvy.com/tips-for-driving-in-new-york-city-...

"Driving in NYC requires some serious skills and patience to conquer. Between the impatient and angry drivers, impossible street parking, inability to turn right on red, and the nightmare of getting stuck in the middle of an intersection, it’s definitely not the place you want to leisurely cruise between destinations. But if you should build the bravery to dive into the sea of yellow taxis in the Big Apple, you’ll want to be prepared with these safety survival tips." - https://shebuystravel.com/driving-in-nyc/

"We gave New York [State] a “Good” rating for Traffic and Road Quality, despite the New York metropolitan area being one of the most traffic-congested regions in America." _ https://www.hagerty.com/media/archived/how-classic-car-frien...

Compare it to Salt Lake City - that's a super car-friendly city.
I still run all my PROD JVM applications with `-Xms=a -Xmx=a` to just remove all questions about heap memory. I already allocated that slice of the machine's memory for the application; I don't need the JVM trying to handle shrinking and growing it. This also removes pressure from the GC if the amount allocated is some multiple of typical operations. A lot more operations complete without ever leaving generation 0.
80% of the browser mobile market belongs to Google, plenty of customers, even better when looking at the desktop market.

Usually a good excuse why the tech doesn't get uptake.
...this could make some people VERY angry :)
Thank you for bringing this to our attention. Fixed
The whole British English thing of "companies are plural nouns" (e.g. "Apple are creating a VR headset") simultaneously makes so much sense from how companies actually are (vs the American English that treats the company as a singular individual) and sounds completely wrong to me lol
Obviously in a factory people who are let in are vetted and authenticated to start with.

Here we're discussing a radio transmission (from what I understand) in the wild that can come from absolutely anyone and anywhere and stop a whole train. There is no reason for this not to be secured.

I didn't claim that there should be a special competence to remotely stop a train, and indeed we may want something as simple as a big red button. But not anyone should be able to push that button and there should obviously be competence to run the system behind the scene as per my previous comment.
This is quite a strange take I'll give you that.

I don't think it broke any of that, I think it fixed all of that.

And PHP 5,7 will continue to work just fine for a while. There still supported backports and images of PHP 5 to this day on any major operating system.