skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
With XDG a program's user files are split into pieces with varying degrees of detritusness. You generally only have to look in four places in ~ when cleaning up after a program called foo:

- ~/.config/foo -- only you write files here, so it's your detritus, not the program's :)

- ~/.cache/foo -- this is non-essential cached data, by definition detritus. Go ahead and clear out all of ~/.cache whenever you feel like it

- ~/.local/share/foo -- this is the program's user-specific data, data which it may have created or which you may have created. Whether it is detritus is up to you

I think the strongest justification for XDG is that it makes it stupid easy to configure backups so as to exclude cache files. And the separation of config from data also makes it easy to keep a git repo for all your ~/.config files.
The US government also said that there were WMDs in Iraq. I don't understand why anyone would believe anything they say in a case like that of Assange, where the "national interest" concerns override any other consideration.
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True, any neural network. This is a very grey area and rushing to call it "property" ignores what the technology is emulating.
Hot take: Amazon's search UX is so terrible that it not only wastes near-endless amounts of customer time and patience, but their own bandwidth as well.
> to make derivative content

How would they prove this? Is it safe to say that each article used has a nearly meaningless influence on the weights?

Could this be used as a defense? Perhaps train a (smaller) model, remove a single article, and show how it doesn't influence performance?
It’s not making a derivative product though. The fact that they compete or not doesn’t matter for copyright.

It’s not like it’s ok to violate copyright if you don’t compete. It’s still illegal to take a NYT article and print it on a t-shirt.

The issue is that copyright law doesn’t prevent the kind of model training as there’s no clearly derived work. I don’t think that’s been tested in courts yet, but I expect it won’t be found to be copyright because there’s other precedent that influenced is not infringement.
4. If you just disable a feature, no-one is likely to find out why it is disabled (you could put something in the tooltip, but they might not look at it). The current approach is better, if a little annoying.
> That includes DST adjustments, leap second adjustments, and physically moving to different timezones.

Does it? My system/bios time is in UTC. The timezone is not managed for me, when I travel I change it. DST and leap seconds are deltas you add to UNIX epoch. Tracking the number of ticks since epoch is a simpler task, much closer to what a quartz watch attempts to do on its own. Both fail when the battery does, of course.

If your end user facing application can't handle 300ms drift that seems like a bug in the application. Even stuff like TOTP generators let you apply a time delta correction and servers usually allow >1 minute drift.
https://www.yanisvaroufakis.eu/2014/01/30/war-spikes-in-the-...

Yanis Varoufakis' view on the economics inside Eve Online. If you can't trade interstellar in the real world, modelling it inside a digital virtual world is the next best thing...
“So people in Taiwan have no say in what happens to them?”

Obviously not. That’s the whole point. They are pawns. You think TSMC refuses to sell chips to China voluntary? I actually have no idea what the people of Taiwan want. But I know it doesn’t matter. They do what we (the US) want… for now.
> the excitement and amount of replication on this paper was pretty fun to witness and experience

I understand a lot of people were more cautious and jaded, but this was my first go-round on the science news hype-mobile. I was really, really excited! It was a real emotional rollercoaster (if you imagine a rollercoaster that takes a couple of weeks to get anywhere).
The IRA is really just accelerating a trend rather than inducing it. The South had already became our hub for EV manufacturing investment due to business friendly laws. Even if Europe attempts the same subsidies, there won’t be the same enabling environment the South has which will likely lead to any initiatives falling flat.
That kind of loyalty to a customer is hard to find these days.
At low to moderate doses, there really isn't much difference.

Precision is much more about the engineers rather than the line workers, anyway.
May I point out that your use cases 1,2,3,4 and some of 6, would fit neatly into Word and Excel.

Microsoft could 'embrace' a significant portion of ChatGPTs use cases, if they trained up something 80% as good as ChatGPT and bundled it with Office 360.

We've seen AI techniques find new homes in Photoshop, 3D modelling software, ect.

ChatGPT needs it's own use case.
> Means cheap enough to be mass produced, and available.

But so are all our existing cables.

> Laws of scaling, even a small percentage of power lost to resistence is a hige overall loss, the avoidance of which is desirable.

We could cut those losses right now by making the existing cables thicker. But we don't.

Even a cheap superconductor might not be used at all in electrical grids, because the benefit isn't worth the cost.

> And as I said, this is only the simplest example.

What are the better examples?
I'm not surprised for a private company. Unless I'm grossly misinformed, it's unusual to give away equity for employees unless you plan on going public.
That was funny but weird, because as far as I know Feynman didn't take up drumming until his sabbatical in Brazil in 1951.
No more open and shut than the NYT having the right to sue people writing editorial news stories with no new content based on reading their news (along with many other sources).

This issue is ultimately going to come down to the transformative clause of fair use. The fact is that the _model_ is unquestionably a transformative product of the inputs, and a judge ruling otherwise is going to cause a cascading shitstorm of litigation and put a chill through the creative economy. The outputs of the model under certain conditions can be guided towards copyright infringement, and any sane ruling will focus on protecting rightsholders from overly derivative model outputs. In all likelihood the precedent will be that the standard for being transformative will be raised for "algorithmically generated" content, and the people who distribute that content will still be fully liable in the event of infringement, with "I didn't know, the AI did it" not being an acceptable defense.
I feel like this happens sometimes with my VPN and I can sometimes get past it by reconnecting.
If I buy a license to listen to a Taylor Swift mp3, I can copy it onto a flash drive (or anywhere I like to use it). And that’s fine until I distribute copies to others.
I also have a Qt based application and have customer asking about a Linux version. If I were to use flatpak.org, what percentage of Linux users is that likely to support?
The people who bought tons of shares and options on AMSC on 7/18, just a four days before the original drop. Just look at the options chain and volume. It’s outrageous.
As a sibling has noted, the paper you cite does not support your claim. In fact, it doesn't even mention wildfires.

The authors suggest that existing predictors of Hawaiian precipitation need to be updated so they're more accurate. They note that "dryness has been observed over the islands, indeed the driest such 20-yr period on record" and that this has become particularly unpredictable in the 21st century.

In their "suite of atmospheric model simulations" the authors describe "the observed 2010–19 ocean boundary forcings and atmospheric chemical composition" as the "factual" which is contrasted with the "climate of that period absent effects of long-term global warming drivers" as the "counterfactual" (emphasis mine). They test three models, finding that "all three models produce Hawaiian-region drying in response to a zonally uniform ocean warming".

Their preferred theory of "atmospheric decadal variability" is "ENSO" -- El Niño Southern Oscillation. They cite [0] which describes "decadal scale changes in the general atmospheric circulation [and] long-term changes in the atmospheric circulation itself."

Finally, every author of the paper you cited has published repeatedly about the relationship between global warming and wildfires, e.g. [1], [2], [3], [4]. In conclusion, I find your post here to be disingenuous and either made in ignorance at best, or in bad faith at worst.

[0] https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.631

[1] https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGC51B0971P/abstra...

[2] https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/23003

[3] https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/103/12/BAMS-...

[4] https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/53/12/jamc-d...
How is that weird? "Cringey" means causing feelings of acute embarrassment or awkwardness, which seems apposite here. The point is that the OP could have said simply, "Every time you think Elon Musk couldn't be more cringey, he does something like this."
We're not speaking of lead additive here?

Soldering hazards, especially if we're speaking about cancers, is mainly related to rosin yes.

Now you're willing to switch the discussion to IQ drop? From cancer?
"we're a long way" ignores that we have made progress, and there are several proposals to use Solar and Wind power to do this, and investments in newer reaction chambers. Fortesque mining (Australia) for instance is quite highly invested in this, and believes its close enough to commercially viable to dig ground on production facilities.

I agree it's going to be only viable in a highly distorted market initially, but let's not pretend this isn't normal, when you build out a new industry.
Staff dev on 1Password’s developer tools here. We screwed this up in our first few releases of the 1Password CLI, largely out of ignorance. Those releases stored config in $HOME/.op at first. But early feedback pointed us to XDG, so we migrated. Now we check:

1. $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/.op (if var is set)
2. $HOME/.config/op
3. $HOME/.op

I hate to be the dev who says “I don’t know why those other code bases find it so difficult that they put up a fight” but our `findConfigDirectory()` function isn’t exactly complicated, even when you consider all the operating systems that the 1Password CLI supports.

(Sorry for the formatting, I’m on my phone.)
I think it’s ironic because news organizations observe the world and then synthesize it into reporting.

Imagine if someone doing a thing sued NYT for watching them do it, linking it to other issues and producing a new article.

News itself is a derived content that’s dependent on other people doing things.
Read somewhere recently about OpenAI bleeding senior talent. Could be in response to that.
Nah, it's just that our company is part of a larger group (2k+ employees in Europe), so the IT tends to focus on the other companies more. Also my whole e-commerce stuff is very unique to us which reduces reusability for anything they set up for me. From there on it's just a short way to "this will only help him, that will help dozens of people" and your projects get pushed another quarter...

To be fair: Most of the people don't really need much more than SAP, Excel and Word and that's... "uncomplicated" to run with some proxy and firewall config etc.
>If, when someone searches online, they are served a paragraph-long answer from an AI tool that refashions reporting from The Times, the need to visit the publisher's website is greatly diminished, said one person involved in the talks.

If, when someone reads a newspaper, they are served a paragraph-long answer from an NYTimes reporter that refashions reporting from local sources, the need to interact with the local sources is greatly diminished.
Looks like this is not easy at all for a non ML expert. And probably the required computing power is still out of reach for mere mortals.
I'd have a similar use case to the parent: technical books. I'd love to be able to ask where a certain topic is discussed in my pdf archive and have the AI reply with references and possibly a significant piece of the relevant articles, with images (or local links to them).
Costs are not just money. There is an environmental cost to making and installing things.

Spending the same amount of money on green power generation would probably help the biosphere much more.

> making eg. solar farms in remote locations suddenly feasible

We can already get losses down to a couple percent per thousand kilometers. Those farms are already feasible.
But also not without the downsides, because what do you do if multiple files are found? And how will you communicate that to the user, if at all? Lots of room for confusion here: "why aren't my changed taking effect?!", "where is this setting coming from, it's not in my file?!" and things like that.
The problem is that either Montana springs up ghost towns, or the likes of Florida become uninhabitable as an entire state as hurricanes becomes worse. Furthermore, this pity for the poor coal miners is as good as having pity for hitmen, because their job is now actually killing people (one example, top Google result: https://www.voanews.com/a/death-toll-rises-as-heat-wave-grip...).
Because if you don't say what you are expected to say you are branded a shill, you are told you are repeating propaganda points, etc. All in all a toxic way of ending the discourse. That causes some people not to try.
Truth is an absolute defense against defamation in the US (somehow some European screw this up). To successfully sue someone for defamation, you need to prove that they spread falsehoods about you, knowingly (or at least, they should have known better). If a bunch of her papers were manipulated (fact) to support a preconceived notion (fact), it would be impossible to successfully argue that someone would be negligently wrong to believe she was an academic fraud.

Thus, no, it's not defamatory.
Right, but we need to distinguish between three separate concepts:

A) the prices universities charge

B) the costs universities incur

C) the reasonable costs of providing a quality education, given current market prices of the important inputs

My comment was meant to illustrate the large gap between B and C.

You are talking about A, which changes in lockstep with B.
Your ideas would get further if you had any substance to your implied argument, or if you came off a bit less trollish.
It's fair because the model itself is included in the compressed size. You're not trying to extrapolate predictions. It makes perfect sense for compression "at rest" applications to intentionally overfit on the data you're trying to compress if that gives a smaller total size(model ++ compressed text).

If you were going to standardize on a foundational model that gets delivered to billions of devices to be used in network transfers (where you just transfer the compressed text and assume the other side already has the model), then it makes sense to optimize for generalizability. In that case it would make sense to exclude the model itself from the compressed size. Basically like how brotli gets to "cheat" by including a 120KB pre-defined dictionary.

Edit: Actually that can't be right. The numbers on https://www.mattmahoney.net/dc/text.html use that methodology, but the numbers in OP here can't be, since a zip compressed version of rwkv_430M is ~650 MB, so obviously it's not being included or Alice in Wonderland would have an abysmal ratio.
I imagine it was more like this:

Boss: “Block this account now.”

Employee: “Why?”

Boss: “Because if you don’t, you’re fired.”

Employee: “ok”
I use the toolz package for currying and a few other conveniences.

That plus named tuples and a little discipline gets me 80+% of the benefits of pure functional.

The biggest thing to me wasn't in your list: lack of tail call optimization means you have to be a bit careful about where you use recursion.

I personally think long anonymous functions are an anti-pattern, naming your functionality is great for readability. I learned this from Wolfram language which makes heavy use of anonymous functions, I would often find myself returning from lunch to find my code which was perfectly clear that morning had become unintelligible. Today I try to limit anonymous functions to re-ordering arguments or "picking" functions that pull simple values out of more complicated data structures.
The irony is that their little communities are going to die out no matter what. There is only so much coal in that soil.
Yeah but the big question I kept having and missing the answer is:

How do you encode the private data into the vectors? It is a bunch of text but how do you choose the vector values in the first place? What software does that? Isn’t that basically an ML task with its own weights, that’s what classifiers do!

I was surprised everyone had been writing about that but neglecting to explain this piece. Like math textbooks that “leave it as an exercise to the reader”.

Claude with its 100k context window doesn’t need to do this vector encoding. Is there anything like that in open source AI at the moment ?
Good lord. I had no idea.
Isn't the real clue here that the prices in the article are cost + margin. AMZN gets a steal.
In a very loose sense, even plain linear regression is a form of lossy compression in the form of an orthogonal projection.
If I can open an app, spin up some VMs, pipeline a deployment to them and extend my operational footprint in 10 minutes, I'm not sure I care whether you want to call that cloud or not. I've seen that in some pretty small environments.
I am not arguing in favor of terrorism! I am arguing against the idea that voting is enough. Put simply, in between voting and terrorism is activism and legal action (that is, using the legal system and suing organizations and governments as was done recently in Montana).

> But maybe it is not all because of an evil elite

Our system is elite-driven, and popular attitudes are strongly driven by elite manipulation through the media.

> because it would mean bad consciousness or reduced comfort

It would not mean this, but we have been led to believe it would mean this by an elite that doesn't want to make these changes due to reduced profits.
I’m sorry. Really. You should be valued enough to warrant skilling up. Future road maps depend on it.
Whether it is or isn't terrible is sort of besides the point; the fact is that it exists, and that stuff would break.
The models not only were trained on copyrighted works, but when prompted will substantially and repeatedly reproduce copies of creative work (not just facts). That's infringement. https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/9/23788741/sarah-silverman-o...
I don't think it's an exaggeration to say that LLMs might lead to the end of the open web, or at least a drastically reduced version of it. So much of these model's utility is in directly competing with the producers of the training data. Content creators and aggregators are seeing more and more reason to restrict and limit access, to avoid having AI companies consume all of their data and then be the ones making money from it going forward.

I fear that LLMs are going to cause the internet to be a much worse and less open space.
> Do American universities offer that as a button click online? ... transcripts to apply to grad school, or jobs in companies?

I believe yes, usually. You pay a small fee, like $25, for the service, of course. With some schools you may have to do it over the phone and/or mail a cheque.

The official transcript would be needed for further study like grad school, or for transferring credit if you transfer schools. I've personally never had a company ask to verify my degree or grades, though I suppose if I was a new grad from a prestigious school applying to a big-name firm, they might check. (I think there is a commercial service most schools use for this, which confirms basic things like graduation date and degree.)

The rules are because the school assumes that if it didn't come directly from the other school, that you could have altered it. Although I've also heard of schools providing sealed, tamper-evident, embossed envelopes to the students, and as long as you don't open that inner envelope it would be accepted as authentic by the other school. They refer to these as "official transcript" and the kind that are unsealed are called "unofficial transcript."

> print out a proof of enrollment yourself which includes a verification code that third parties can check.

This would be the "modern" way of doing such a thing, assuming you have at least say, 2000-era technology, but the way they have it set up is a custom that started probably 50+ years ago and to my knowledge no colleges have yet gotten together to establish a standard, so that they would be able to accept them from each other and verify them.
My naive reading of it sees that it only applies for time-sensitive facts. Considering the training times required, and knowledge cutoffs, could this apply?
Surely it would be some sort of Volksmobil? The question is: how would it snitch on you?
Stick it in the manpage. Neovim does this. Power users who care about non-standard configuration should be able to carry the burden of managing it.
Agreed. A roguelike must have:

Random procedural map generation.

Turn-based gameplay.

Items which start unidentified, but can still be used (with some risk of being cursed).

Ability to save and exit at any time to resume later, but no ability to save without exiting. Character death deletes the save file and requires starting from the beginning.

Combat-based gameplay, with monsters becoming more difficult as the player progresses through the map levels.

Character can level up by gaining experience, encouraging them to stay at a given level to gain power.

Food must be consumed to avoid dying of starvation. Food is not particularly common, forcing the player to keep progressing to future levels to avoid starvation.

If it's missing one or more of those elements it's a roguelite at most. It's not just random maps, or "permadeath", or item identification, or the tension between starvation and experience, it's the combination of all those elements.
The link between compression and intelligence is a popular theory. Indeed the linked work here came out of the Hutter Prize:

> The goal of the Hutter Prize is to encourage research in artificial intelligence (AI). The organizers believe that text compression and AI are equivalent problems. Hutter proved that the optimal behavior of a goal-seeking agent in an unknown but computable environment is to guess at each step that the environment is probably controlled by one of the shortest programs consistent with all interaction so far.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutter_Prize
please dont draw an equivalence between the ussr and nazi germany. it is incredibly problematic.
And what politician wants to commit something akin to economic suicide?
I used to do it by hand.
I don't know that criminalizing marijuana has much to do with western civilization, which I understand to be normally defined by a set of liberal cultural values, a renaissance humanism, and the intellectual approaches of the enlightenment. Incarcerating people for possessing or ingesting a substance less harmful than cigarettes or alcohol isn't, by my estimation, something that was ever in keeping with the best aspects of that tradition.
IMO Amazon returns are easier than ever. You don't even need to box it up, just drop the item off at Whole Foods. I feel like my local Whole Foods is at least 20% an Amazon returns depot these days.
This is already a feature of adobe pdf reader professional (called index mode). There’s also an app on macOS called “pdf search” which does quite a good job. I use it for the exact reasons you describe; I’ve got a repertoire of technical books on AWS and Azure and I reference them all the time via my local search engine via these apps.