skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This methodological approach can easily be proven idiotic with a simple thought experiment. Suppose there is a political party that believes slavery is a great thing. This methodology would then ask ChatGPT to ask what it thinks about slavery from the viewpoint of this party, and ChatGPT would respond "Slavery is great!" It would then ask it about slavery in its default viewpoint, and it would respond "Slavery is a horrible, evil, thing." This methodology would then say "See, it's biased against this party!"

If my slavery example is too far fetched, replace that with "Is human activity largely responsible for widespread global warming?" In that example, responses of "No, it's not." and "Yes, it is." would be treated as just different views from different parties, so if the default response was "Yes!", this methodology would claim bias.

Not all political viewpoints across all topics are equally valid.
> But when doing much better looks like that, what even is the point?

Cupertino is an hour away Santa Cruz beaches. 3 hours away from skiing (or boating) at lake tahoe. 1 hour away from one of the best NBA teams (GSW). 30 minutes away from Stanford. 1 hour away from Berkeley. Some of the best average temperatures in the country.

Maybe they live in a "shitbox fixer", maybe they don't.

You might consider that people like and care about those other properties though.
This can be true AND Mars can be Musk's #1 priority.

Musk wants to build a Mars colony. DOD wants Brilliant Pebbles / SDI. Perhaps a trade can be made? You'll need much of the same tech for each.

If SpaceX is run by DOD, why is it not run by DOD? Why pretend otherwise? The best engineers won't work to build SDI? Thousands work for Boeing/Lockheed. They're all that much worse?
The difference between zero and nearly zero can be pretty large at scale.
The study is really interesting. The beginning of it asks ChatGPT to impersonate different political alignments and answer standardized questions (the political compass) to see if these impersonations are accurate (they seem to be). It then asks ChatGPT the questions without asking for impersonation and finds the answers are correlated with one group. Neat work!
> Acting like it's a second tier language because actively doing so not a top focus of the community is gatekeep-y and ridiculous.

Here's where I think you are quite a bit off target, personally.

I certainly was not and I don't believe the GP you originally responded to was saying that "Rust is a second tier language due to [lack of self-hosted compiler]", so hopefully we can set that statement aside and ignore it now.

Let's instead focus on your first statement, which is directly related to what GP and I were arguing:

> It's obviously possible to write a Rust compiler in Rust end-to-end.

It is certainly possible but actually doing so is completely non-obvious because the grammar for Rust is much more complicated than C, and Rust has no formal language specification (let alone an international standard).

While Python does not have an international standard, it does have a formal language specification, which is what allows for things like PyPy to exist.

Meanwhile, to truly understand Rust, one must be an expert in C and learn the `rustc` code base.

It seems like, practically, knowing C and being able to write compilers in C is quite useful if you want to make an impact in Rust or maybe try your hand at making some future Rust replacement (hopefully with a language specification that others can follow).
Seems that Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis might fit these observations too.

"We obtained radiocarbon dates on 172 specimens from seven extinct and one extant species... spanning 15.6 to 10.0 thousand calendar years before present (ka)."

YDIH event is estimated at 12900 BP and includes vast wildfires in its scenario, including in North America.

Contrast that with the idea that humans have been in Sapiens form for 200kya+, using fire for longer even than we have been Sapiens and have probably been in the Americas far before 13kya. Is the idea that despite the capability, we only at this specific time started the extinction program? At just the moment when there's sign of a globally catastrophic impact?

YDIH seems more parsimonious, yet the paper doesn't mention it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Younger_Dryas_impact_hypo...
I've started with the banking one and love it so far. I never thought about what would be needed to start a bank, but now I know. A bunch of people, some of which having some banking experience, all putting down about 200k and convincing some agency that they will run a good bank.

Thanks for sharing the suggestions!
I already commented on this elsewhere but I came across a company that did OTA updates on a control box in vehicles without checking if the vehicle was in motion or not. And it didn't even really surprise me, it was just one of those things that came up when prepping for that job from a risk assessment. They never even thought of it.
Thanks for the insight! Looks like some people took the time to flag my simple question.
Yes I wonder how many people actually use Mulvad as their daily driver.

Hell I'm using completely unmodified Edge for banking and government agencies because even something as simple as ublock cosmetic filters manages to break them.
You're cleaning the filter. That's more than a lot of people do.
X formerly twitter was one of the biggest LBO in history which is typically the process PE companies acquire companies as well. Priority is to increase margin, because the leverage comes from loan and debt servicing & principal repayment are pretty big sums. Its done capex reduction. Easiest way to do it is to reduce labor cost. X went from >7000 to ~1500(I may be off on numbers)
Another is to increase revenue, so twitter blue(a subscription) and increasing incentives to be on twitter blue(no ads, potential account growth because you are shown up on follow list, no or less throttle on number of posts in feed).
Sort of. Ads as a business model exists because many people don't want to pay companies directly (through subscriptions etc). For the company to exist, they have to make money, so they sell people's attention. Unfortunately, we simply haven't found a better way yet.
I think there's an inherent problem in the way we perceive AI bias. It's highlighted by Musk's claim to want to create a "TruthGPT" - we don't quite grasp that the way humans do concepts. When it comes to human thinking, "Truth" isn't really a thing.

Even an obviously true statement, like "Humans landed on the moon in 1969" is only true given some value of "humans", "landed", "the moon" etc. Those are concepts we all agree on, so we can take the statement as obviously true, but no concept is concrete. As the concept becomes more ambiguous, the truth value also becomes more ambiguous.

"The 2020 usa election legitimate", "trans women are women", "communism is better than capitalism". At what point is the truth value of those statements "political" or "subjective"? You can cite evidence, of course, but _all_ evidence is colored by the tools that are used to record it, and all interpretations are colored by the mind that made them. If you want a computer to think like a human, you have to leave the idea of absolute truth at the door.
that feels a little different because i thought michael dell was a large part of that “private equity”.
Dell is a special case because it was the original founder who delisted the stock. Not some Bain Capital type firm that was just buying it to suck the marrow out of the bones before tossing it in the trash.
So yes, there is a fundamental difference in approach between a pessimistically (?) strongly typed environment and an optimistically loosely typed one. Okay. Good point.

I find myself writing with an optimistic more general thinking (so more general typing choices and architecture) but where I know that the code that I never have to write is the most efficient one. Heh. Or perhaps where I could have spent the time to write safer, narrower classes but couldn't be bothered. THEN I have to make the resulting working program safer before later foot-shooting situations. And the thing is in use so compile-time errors are not allowed (in this style of thinking.

"assert" was mentioned earlier. Useful and clean and greppable abstration, yes!

Raku has interesting options for types and signatures that I have not yet abused, like:

multi sub doesnt_handle_everything ( Int $n where {$_ < 5} ) { etc; };

or:

subset Monster of Str where { $_ eq any( <godzilla gammera ghidora> ) };
Mastercard Deepens Tie to CBDCs as Nations Mull Issuing Digital Currencies
Hey folks, wrote this post to cover -- albeit briefly -- the impact of email marketing, its continued growth, and that prevention is pushed onto users (beyond spam filtering already handled by platforms).

Feedback is always welcome.
> Imagine remotely bricking a fleet of fighter jets.

> https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35983866

That's about routers, was that the article you meant?
Yeah. Bad guy mounted thrusters on large asteroids from the belts. Not technically meteors, but close enough.

Neat sci-fi.
Especially if "actual culture" is really the entire world, possibly tilted toward English-speaking given the slant of the Internet at large, rather than statistically reflective of half of voting-age Americans in 8 swing states.
Of all the almost-correct-but-actually-harmful things Colbert has said, this is easily ranks among the most harmful ones. It's the worst sort of wannabe-aphorism: it simultaneously obscures an incredibly interesting line of thought, increases political division, and means very very different things to different people.

Colbert meant "liberal media is more reflective of reality than conservative media", but because that's not pithy, it's truncated into the openly deceptive "reality has a liberal bias". The minor political difference the average Californian has from someone who lives in Texas does not engender them with a more accurate view of reality. Believing that is a core reason said Texan probably dislikes said Californian. In reality: they're both moderate "Liberals" who probably agree on almost everything, given a mature enough definition of "liberalism".
That's a different thing.

Given the above ADT, how would you write a function that prints the amount of a Message, regardless of which case it is?
> I will take out ads, on FaceBook, to convince people to switch to the Fediverse, and ...

Don't be surprised when ~zero people are actually convinced by your ads. And ~zero percent of the few you do convince actually stick around long-term, after noticing that ~none of their friends & family are in your Fediverse.
I agree, I wasn't disputing that.
I feel like the term investment needs to be used ONLY with products that have a reasonable expectation of a return. A stock is an investment because the company will likely exist and one day pay a dividend. A beanie baby is not an investment because it cannot in and of itself produce value to sell to pay back cost of purchase.

I find it wearying that people talk about "investing" in things when they really just mean "spending" on them. Spending is fine. Go spend. But let's not pretend this is an "investment".
On the other hand, C left the burden of implementing portable semantics to its users.
Moskowitz: Cellphone radiation is harmful, but few want to believe it
https://studentaid.gov/help-center/answers/article/independe...
A National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation reference to a scene that starts with a squirrel running amok in the house and ends with the cat biting a cord which immolates the family Christmas tree and the old cigar smoking guy is on fire but he doesn’t know it.
Ha! would love to see that scene where the nurse gets shit from the doctor.
Can’t imagine how this would match the capacity of a good sized unit. I have been renting a garage that had some leaks, and the amount of water my dehumidifier extracted when it was damp was enough to have a solid trickle of water out of the attached garden hose (into a drain). This salt dehumidifier might be good for intermittent light dampness, but I can’t see this filling a bucket in a day like a condenser based dehumidifier.
Digital apes a bad investment? Who'd have thought ...
I think of all the things you mentioned, cars are the scariest and one where people very much underestimate the risk.

Although the "wrong" food is also very deadly and underestimated, but that one is tricky because it takes a long time to act and the results vary a lot by individual.
I'm reading a couple of books that I think are worth mentioning:

- The Long Game: been thinking a lot about how to long term plan, stick to it and revise when needed. I think this book has been helpfull in those reflections.

- The Complete Investor: just to keep thinking and working on wealth creation, I've been reading this one.

- The Language of Emotions: this one came from Kent Beck's blog. The first half is not something I might ever use (contracts, etc...) but the second part, when it develops each emotion, is nice.

- Taking the Work Out of Networking: I need to make more connections :D And I think this readining will help me out a bit and freshen perspectives on how to build those. The Long Game also has some synergy with this one.

Also, inspired by Jared Henderson lastest video on Stoicism, I've been meaning to read Lessons in Stoicism and a bit of Seneca + Epictetus (no Marcus Aurelius for now, Jared's view conviced me to keep this one for later).
Blaming individuals when all the elements for a fire are already common place seems like we’re trying to blame someone when there is actually a systemic issue
lol. This does not happen, at least not intentionally. PE takeovers are solely about turning companies with a relatively stable revenue stream into a packageable financial product. Huge cuts will be made to staff, support, and R&D to get expenses to a specific level, and large amounts of debt will be taken on under the company's name, to deliver a specific ROI to the PE investors over a relatively short term window of four to five years, all under the assumption that the company will be able to coast for that time on its previous success, after which point it can be sold for IP, trademarks, and any physical plant, or just allowed to go bankrupt under the unsustainable debt load and lack of investment.

That's the purpose of PE firms. They accept pre-investment in this sort of scheme, and do this with several companies at once over a 5-7 year total period, taking a slice of the revenue with no capital risk of their own, and the investors get a good 5-7 years of 12-18% ROI. The companies are trash at the end of the cycle but hey, that's capitalism.

Source: I was "lucky" enough to work for a tech startup through its IPO period after which it was acquired by PE, and exactly the above happened. We had the opportunity to "buy in" to the investment cycle with our own money, and so they had a pretty detailed presentation about exactly how this all works. I was somewhat surprised by how honest they were willing to be with the employees (although it did take a little bit of reading between the lines).
> Humans were the reason, on all continents.

The article doesn't disagree, saying both "increased fire activity spurred by people" and "Dr. Dunn emphasized that this pattern could not account for the notable disappearance of large mammals elsewhere in the world at the end of the last ice age".

> If the reason were to be the fire (which sounds ridiculous), it would have caused the extinction of mammals of all sizes, not just the largest ones.

No, not necessarily. A small animal can retreat into a burrow an elephant-sized one cannot. They also breed faster afterwards, allowing their populations to recover more readily.
This^^^

I actually think this has the same potential of a “good” PE move as the Dell success.
What about your handcuffs?
Unless there's something that I've missed, this seems like a lot of work just to essentially have the bird logo in place of the X logo.
What does "biased" even mean in this context? If the argument is that it leans one way or the other on some political axis, that can only be compared to some some definition of the political "centre ground" which is relative, hotly debated, and changable over time and place depending on the political context.

Basically, don't outsource politics to an LLM.
Rust macros don't hide anything. They're hygienic and clearly annotated when used.
The mass extinction of large megafauna, all around the world, at roughly the same time, isn't explained by humans (see woolly mammoths). There's far more evidence that it was driven by climate change as the world quickly exited the last glacial maximum.
The problem with leet code is what it really measures is how long you have spent on leetcode. Yes, you can solve the problems if you have experience, but you are not going to look as good as someone who had done that specific problem on leetcode and could just write down the optimal answer.
Sorry, but this makes absolutely no sense.
I've seen the sentiment in this article pop up in a few places, which I'd summarize as: Policy languages like OPA and Cedar are fast to evaluate and simple to write, so you should use it for all of your authorization needs.

But policy engines are only really fast and simple if they already have all of the data they need at evaluation time.

If you look at the examples in the Cedar playground[0], they require you to provide a list of "entities" to Cedar at eval-time. These entities are some (potentially large) chunk of your application's data. And while the policy evaluation over that data may be fast, the round trip to your database is probably not. And then you start to think about caching, data consistency, and so on, and suddenly you're thinking about a lot of the problems that Zanzibar was designed to address (but you're on your own to build it out).

IMO policy engines are best suited for ambient request data: things you already know about a request because of a session, a route, or a network path, and policies that make sense to manage on the same lifecycle as your application.

Disclaimer: I work on SpiceDB[1], a Zanzibar implementation, but I do also like policy engines.

[0]: https://www.cedarpolicy.com/en/playground

[1]: https://github.com/authzed/spicedb
I get why this title might sound spammy but it's straight off the Berkley website and it's an interview with a Berkley professor.
This was my 1996 IOCCC entry, a mastermind solver. Key features are that it is a one-liner (no macros) and everything is coded using for-loops.

char*p,*q,*r,s[50000];int i,j,k,l;main(){for(r=s,i=10000;i--;r++)for(j=i+3211,k=4;k--;*r++=48+j%10,j/=10);for(;puts((k=r-s)?q=r-5:"?"),k&&k-5;)for (scanf("%d",&k),p=s;p-r;){for(i=j=0;j-16;p[j%4]|=l=!(p[j%4]-q[j/4])?i++,64:0,j|=l/17,j++);for(j=0;j-5;i+=!((*p++&=63)-q[j++])*9);for(;k-i+9&&j--;*--p=*--r);}}

You think of a 4 digit number, the code tries to guess it. You give it 2 digit answers for red and white.
Not that meteor magnets exist, but https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_on_Eart... says there are more known impact craters in Europe than Australia.
All the best with that ...
“Set thy heart upon thy work, but never on its reward.” – Ved Vyasa, The Bhagavad Gita

Why cooking when you can order food? Anything done with your own hands will satisfy you much more even if not as good as the ready-made option.
Conversely I would answer "high".

PE is basically a parasitic business, designed to suck money out of the purchased company until it collapses. You do this by borrowing a ton of money to purchase the company. Then for the privilege the company pays the buyer a special bonus that conveniently covers its costs (and often more) out of the cash it had on hand when bought. Then the buyer continues to get various payment streams, like guaranteed dividends or all sorts of other obligations, until the company collapses.

Sad to say I'm not exaggerating.

I say "basically" because there are a couple of exceptions. Dell was purchased in a special deal with the founder so that the company actually operates but the founder was enriched in the process.

VC is a branch of private equity (an almost invisible pimple on the PE business TBH) where they don't buy the whole company and hope to make money on the IPO. But it's a small business: there are numerous companies out there with an asset base larger than the entire VC industry.
lol I have accidentally written databases for embedded systems many times. Usually the team lead or architect of the project doesn't see the need for it until we already have too much data and we're close to releasing the product, at which point it's impossible to retrofit.
61 launches is quite a lot. The SLS can do about 100 tons to LEO, a standard F9 can do 22 tons albeit with a much smaller fairing.

So in total if you split your vehicle up and assemble it in orbit you can launch one that's almost 5x the size for the same price. Maybe more like 3x + extra engineering overhead costs for the orbital assembly, but still much more bang for the buck. The lunar gateway is planned to be a station anyway so those costs will have to be paid regardless.
For at least the past 3500 years we've always been in the middle of an environmental crisis. Some of them have decimated populations. Climate change is forecasted to kill 0.1% of the population per year. In a population of 8 billion that's a massive number, but compared relatively to some previous environmental crises that's tiny.
>a shortcoming that needs to be addressed for it to see wider adoption, especially for safety-critical systems.

This seems like just a hunch of yours that does not seem to be reflected by the real world.
IIRC there are two exceptions to FAFSA being considered dependent if you're under 24

One is if you are an emancipated adult. The other being if you're married.
If you are relying on wind and solar, then you will need energy storage. You will have to take the losses into account. You’ve already admitted this partially by acknowledging 25% losses with pumped hydro. But not everywhere has pumped hydro, nor hydropower at the scale needed.

The point is that hydrogen gives you nearly lossless energy storage. This is why simplistic accounts of efficiency are simply wrong. People are ignoring energy storage losses on the BEV side, but always bring up the full cycle losses on the hydrogen side. This is an apples-to-oranges comparison, and gives you an invalid conclusion.
I think it's time to say goodbye to Twitter. Without updates, the service is dead for me.
I also thought the example could do with fleshing out, but from:

> Testing distributed systems is hard. Non-determinism is everywhere (network, time, threads, etc.)

I assume that, at a very high level, what it does is: introduce random delay between components, give them slightly different fake times when they ask for system time, put them in different threads & perhaps introduce (additional) pre-emption etc., and anything else to simulate 'etc.'.
> And somewhere else about accidentally building a real time chat service (or was it email? Don’t recall).

Maybe Zawinski's Law?[0]

> Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Zawinski#Zawinski's_Law
Sometimes people write stuff like "ideological religion" about people who notice every single Repub voting against every infrastructure bill. Sometimes it turns out those same people disbelieve in vaccines and climate change, love the new X, and so on. It seems much more appropriate as a confession instead of an accusation.
Silver Lake Partners gave the majority of the capital when they took Dell private, ~$20B of the $25B total