skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
No pun intended: this is called datatype, algebraic data types, ADT, etc. They are popular in many functional languages.

You can think of them as enumerators that can possibly hold extra data.

The first definition (data Exp) is indeed a grammar. Thus "Num", "Int", "If" are just the names we give to different cases we encounter in the grammar. As for what they are... you can think of them as functions that wrap some data inside a struct of the same name (function names and type names don't collide). As for the name, they are called data constructors.

As for what "data" means, we are defining a new type which can hold some data (again). You can think of it as a synonym for "enum". The reason word "data" used here is because there's something called type synonyms. For example one can write:

type Email = String

type Password = String

Here the underlying representation for both email and password is string, but compiler treats Email and Password as another name for string. But if you were to use data constructors:

data Email = Email String

data Password = Password String

We are creating entirely new types. Even though the internal representation is still string, if we were to supply password when an email is expected, we get a compile error.

Essentially a wrapper class can do the same. But using data constructors we get the same benefit + something called pattern matching + exhaustive error checks + cleaner syntax + additional low-level optimizations by compiler.
Some videos offer multiple audio channels for different languages? Why have I never come across such videos before / missed somehow?
I just realised that there is a very simple way to resolve the question of remote vs in-office work (admittely, it's conceptually simple, but implementing it would be much more nuanced):

If a company requires the employees to work from the office, the commute must be paid by the company. Otherwise, every minute of commute is unpaid work.
50 days after Stripe freezes the account
After Stripe froze my account, I started using PayPal and Shopify payments. I'm confused as to why PayPal and Shopify payments are allowed, but Stripe is not. It seems like this confusion is due to Stripe having a large user base! Their risk assessment team is overloaded.

Currently, our PayPal and Shopify payments are working well, and we have made over $40,000 in revenue in the past month.

It has been two months since the account was frozen, and there have been no disputes.

However, I am still curious about the real reason why my Stripe account was closed. Was it due to fraud, money laundering, or drop-shipping?

https://stunncal.com/

Advantages of Stripe: Registration is very fast, payment success rate is high, and withdrawal time is T+2, faster than other payment processors.

Disadvantages of Stripe: Account closure is very fast, and submitting verification materials has no effect.
Nitpick but it’s Dutch for farmland, the part of the farm that’s actually used for cultivation.
slides: https://veilid.com/Launch-Slides-Veilid.pdf
source code: https://gitlab.com/veilid
Coming from the UK, I was surprised to hear that recording a song from the radio is allowed under 'fair use'. Especially given that I grew up during the time when that was actually relevant, it was drilled into us remorselessly that recording stuff onto tape was basically illegal, even if it was impractical to enforce. It looks as if the law was amended in 2014 to allow for 'private copies', but I think that still excludes copying from the radio, etc.
How are you making over 10k a month?
Handlespot – Receive notification when your desired @handle is available
Get a notification when your desired Twitter(X) @handle becomes available! Elon Musk announced Twitter will soon start releasing unused @handles. Be ready and get yours.
IMHO one of the most overlooked features is that it's the best eXplainable AI out there IMHO. Spam scores are easily understandable and correctable. You can even build quite digestible nomograms [1] . Still everyone is using decision trees as XAI example while in my experience they are very unstable in quite indigestible after a depth of 3. I also believe Naïve Bayes is quite undervalued. What many people however ignore is that you also need to estimate a density function for continuous variables, which like with many kernel based methods might the rather interesting and sometimes not so naïve part.

[1] https://orange3.readthedocs.io/projects/orange-visual-progra...
I'm constantly suprised when YT deploys another half measure against downloaders when GOOG also owns widevine. I wonder what is their reasons for not using it.
That's no different from referring to US policymakers as "Washington" or their Chinese counterparts as "Beijing".
Dunno, I always thought that treating children with respect was common sense. When I got to the UK all of a sudden this is such a ground breaking idea, everyone calls it "Montessori". What a revolutionary concept!
Both can happen at the same time, they can get confused and be learning.

It would be best if there was no confusion whatsoever, but given that it is most likely impossible (in any language), it is important to learn from where the confusion comes from, so we can continue improving the docs. It is a positive loop to have, as long as we listen. :)
> Zachtronics

Kinda sad that the dev quitted
All ~120 of them.
I suspect this is a regional thing. I would never use this supposed idiom and it sounds very off to me.
Makes sense because rich business owners helping other rich people is a thing. These are not landlords, they are big companies.
Is a person who is looking for more than just money from their job necessarily a sucker?
I suspect it has something to do with their risk policy changes. A few months ago, my account was closed.
Substack is maybe better than Medium but still hostile to reading.
It reminds me a bit of this book, which I recommend: Algorithms to live by.

[0] https://algorithmstoliveby.com/
I like how computational results occasionally generate unexpected answers that drive mathematicians to work out new theories.
#!/usr/bin/python3
from datetime import date
print(f"September {(date.today()-date(1993,9,1)).days+1}, 1993")

If you don't get the joke: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_September
Even their language is offensive. "Ad blockers are not allowed". Who are they to "allow" anything? It's my computer. They get exactly zero say in the matter. Their assumption of authority only ensured I will go out of my way to block the ads just to prove them wrong.
>but it’s nowhere near GPT 4

It will be if openai keeps dumbing down GPT 4, no proof they're doing it but there is no way it's as good as it was at launch, or maybe I just got used to it and now notice the mistakes more.
Depends on what are you interested in and if you prefer a particular programming language eg if you are good in say PHP I'd suggest helping the MantisBT project a bugtracker used by a lot projects. https://github.com/mantisbt. or say Python and enjoy genealogy I'd suggest going for Gramps https://github.com/gramps-project/gramps .

Maybe share more info on what you like so we suggest something you might enjoy?
Hacker Newsletter (Daily, it's filling up my inbox, and considering unsubscribing and moving over to the weekly roundup version) and Morning Brew (found out from a sponsored segment in a YouTube video). Interested in finding some more tech newsletters, though.
They are not "unarmed", it is just that they do not generally carry firearms[1].

If we were to try walking around with batons, truncheons, handcuffs as they do, we'd be arrested for carrying offensive weapons.

[1] Some routinely carry Tasers, which are counted as "firearms" here.
X (Twitter) broke embed and ignores it
FWIW I've been working on a native Swift implementation of Flutter channels [1], so I can use Swift for business logic with Sony's embedded Flutter embedder [2]. Probably a niche interest, but I'd prefer to write Swift than Dart, and there's no Objective-C runtime on Linux (so I can't use the default Darwin embedder).

[1] https://github.com/PADL/FlutterSwift

[2] https://github.com/sony/flutter-elinux
In addition, "I've got nothing to hide" means precisely "I've nothing to my detriment". Needless to say, there is no such thing as a person who has nothing to his or her detriment. Of course, it is impossible to accurately know or predict one's disadvantage precisely. In essence, the removal of privacy is the deprivation of the right to remain silent in order to avoid such predictable and unpredictable situations.
Yeah, but on iOS it's a thing. And it shows heavily in things like scroll behaviour.
"Native controls" is less and less relevant, especially on mobile, where everyone tries to come up with completely custom styling.
Yeah I've been wondering about this too. Word on the street is that GPT4 is several times the size of GPT3.5. Yet I don't feel it's several times as good for sure.

Apparently there's a diminishing returns effect on ever enlarging the model.
Technically, everyone pays for connecting to the network. I wouldn't say it's unethical to slam YouTube with full speed downloads but at the same time I wouldn't judge YouTube if they take measures against it.

I'm using a browser extension to show full size of images on social media when hover and Instagram went crazy about it, warning about unusual activities and threatening to lock my account. I looked into it to see if the extension does any scrapping behind but no, it all seems fine. My assumption is that Meta detects requests happening in wrong order which might indicate data scrapping due to the non-standart client behaviour.

So, measures and countermeasures. I guess it's up to YouTube to implement their counter measures and push the scrappers to implement theirs but overall at some point they should be able to limit downloading to the playback*2 speed because a legitimate consumption wouldn't happen any faster on a legitimate client.

But honestly, downloading shouldn't be restricted. The contents are protected by laws anyways and most people have legitimate reasons for downloading videos. It could be for archiving purposes because the video has some value for you, it could be for analysis or it could be about creating content based on the vide content(like downloading a movie trailer to extract parts for you movie review video). The content in YouTube is not created in vacuum and once published they create the new environment where new videos will be made and this creative freedom is important unless we want the current videos be the last videos ever made.
This is a normal way for people who are talking to "real Microsoft" and not customer service to refer to them.
oh yes, people now (typical 'users' not power ones) are expecting something 'works out of the box'. Minimal OS, ok at least there is winPE+deployiment tools for power-users :}
Any guides to learn how to do a similar analysis on other websites?
Without questioning the statement '70% as good as GPT3.5', but wouldn't that be quantifying a quality, and a Turing test? Also: maybe these missing 30% are the hard part.
yea, i also don't think that the increased rate is a problem per se, but i also doubt that a majority of youtube views cover the entire length of the video, hence downloaders do probably use more data.
Maybe not in two-party system but there are usually more sides of politics.
Premium subscribers already have ads in the form of sponsored segments hard coded into the videos. They are paying to watch ads.
I would just wait awhile for it to show up.
> Companies do not have ethics, only interests.

While that's certainly true (although an simplification - they are just managed by people with low ethics), we can do better. If I behaved like managers of Google, Meta or Microsoft, I'd be ashamed of myself.
There’s plenty they could do. They could flip a switch tomorrow and limit access to only signed-in users, and they could further enable DRM, as pretty much by now the majority of users are already on DRM-handicapped platforms. Any will-be-called "legacy" users would just get limited to 480p.
Depends on amount and frequency of printing needs. Some low amount and low frequency, it probably is. When you don't fully use the cartridges it makes sense to get the cheapest option.
1) It ("mapperly enum mappings") does show results for me in the UK that look plausible. It can take a while for changes to roll around to all data centres.*

2) When you say you've checked GSC, have you specifically also looked under Sitemaps --> SEE PAGE INDEXING --> Why pages aren’t indexed?

3) I think that you could be working harder on your schema.org metadata, whihc may help.

4) I don't think that Google search has been particularly getting worse (other than it being a primary target of gaming) and I have been doing this stuff since AltaVista times...

* EDIT these results were from DDG not Google, see below vvv
Languages seem to often have a lot of accidental complexity though, that doesn't seem to add anything and just makes it harder to learn. Like irregularities. Seem to come from a lack of design.
As others have pointed out, that's not what a standup should be for. Any tool, process or structure that is not being used properly tends to be annoying and useless.

The problem is therefore not with the concept of a standup, but rather with how they are usually run.

Running efficient standups, or any sort of meeting at that, is a skill.
Near, far and huge pointers; those were the days ...
Probably the way syncthing deals with NAT.

I actually suggested Syncthing team to implement something like this few months back but they were not interested.
I think this is pretty true. Google should start a Dart/Flutter foundation or something and get industry partners.
I would totally buy Premium subscription if they let me download the videos, and I told Google that. The way it is now - no deal.
The website is already up for several months...
Same here. If uBlock Origin stops working, I might switch to downloading the videos with yt-dlp instead. If that stops working, I'll just drop YouTube like I dropped Twitter when they screwed with Nitter.
It’s a bit more complicated than this. Of course you can represent any information with any kind of coding schema but here the truck to find a schema that’s also reasonably efficient. As so often, this is about compression. In the context of human language, the problem is finding the smallest set of lexical concepts such that you can express a wide range of meanings with minimal combinations. A lexical principal component analysis if you want.

But yes, quite a lot of things about languages have been subject to unhealthy sensationalism, like the story with “over 50 words for snow in Eskimo” or “Piranhas unable to count”. Linguistics is not that easy.
statement of course :)
This may be true for specific countries, but analog radio is far far from dead globally.
I've never tried YouTube, but I have downloaded videos from sketchier streaming websites using the web developer tools.

Almost all of them have the same protection: some code that triggers only when you open the tools and stops the video by creating a debugger statement you cannot skip and triggering some cpu-heavy code (probably an infinite loop, although I wouldn't discard cryptominers). More importantly this code also clears the network request information, making it more difficult to analyze the traffic sent so far. Note to Firefox devs: enabling "persist logs" should persist the logs. Don't clear them!

None of this is perfect and I never found a video I couldn't eventually download (timing attacks ftw), but I do wish I could find a deeper explanation on how this all works.
The language is also geared towards expressing ideas in general much more than expressing your own feelings. In this way, a "good person" is someone you would consider a friend even if you've never met, which while not exactly a concept that's entirely sane on the internet, makes a lot of sense in a more thighs knit community (eg: a good person is a friend to the community and therefore a friend to me).
> Why is it that, in a country of 300 million people, there are only a handful of individuals to choose from for the presidency, and they often come from the same families as before? (rhetorical)

Couldn't have said it any better! People, especially USAers, should really learn how things work at home before talking about how bad the situation is somewhere else in the world.

Not only people with access to presidency/government mostly come from the same group of families, or caste, they also share the core political views, differences are mostly cosmetic. This is true not just of USA but of most other western democratic countries.

You can't outvote capitalist imperialism in the west.

The game is rigged with modern and effective propaganda, but if it looks like you're going to win anyway then they throw democracy away and switch to fascism and terrorism. See "Operation Gladio"[0] for an example of how this works, or see the countless coups orchestrated by western countries to protect the status quo.

.0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio
In my view, Great Man Theory is a self-fulfilling prophecy with survival bias. Those who believe it are the most likely to take insane risks, and therefore most likely to end up at the head of some great movement, or die trying. All those great visionaries, those Napoleons, Jobs, Musks, Newtons and Galileos were also "natural maniacs" [1]. The ones who fail we simply call "insane" and history forgets them. Nevertheless success is from God (i.e. not the product of one's effort but outside of one's control, right place right time + luck). In other words, belief is a necessary but not sufficient condition.

[1] On Natural Maniacs: https://collabfund.com/blog/natural-maniacs/
Widevine is used in some youtube videos. Not all, though; not even a high percentage -- I've only seen it in certain music videos. I'm guessing it's on a paid license basis…
1) Thanks for checking. Are there any results from the mapperly.riok.app domain?

2) Yes, checking individual pages such as https://mapperly.riok.app/docs/configuration/enum/ shows that it is indexed, everything is green. It has been indexed for several months, yet does not show up in my searches.

3) That's what we have been thinking until we hit this strange case...
And civilization is a distributed operating system! (I heard this from Joscha Bach)
A quick hacky monitoring thing to see if there's a newish IP from which people are logging into IMAP (dovecot). It displays ISP/netblock info. Keeps a naive history and displays *NEW* if the IP is new.

#!/bin/sh
DIR=/root/bin/logincheck

for i in `egrep sasl_method=LOGIN /var/log/mail.log |cut -d '[' -f 3 |cut -d ']' -f 1 |sort |uniq`;
do echo;

echo
if grep -qw "${i}" ${DIR}/history.txt; then
echo " === ${i} === ";
else
echo " === ${i} (**NEW**) === ";
echo ${i} >> ${DIR}/history.txt

fi
whois $i |grep -i 'organ\|descr\|netname';
done;
These kind of guidelines always fail short that there isn't one UNIX.

There is POSIX, and then whatever each OS that implements it decided to do, beyond what isn't explicitly required for UNIX trademark certification.

Hence why it is so much "fun" writing portable code across UNIX/POSIX platforms.
Indeed, and I would even say that this applies to any meeting you can think of.

However if you get the purpose of the meeting straight and somehow manage for everyone to properly collaborate, you'll get a 3-5min daily meeting that easily enables efficient collaboration and awareness.
If you live in the UK you have to be positive about the NHS. As soon as the NHS becomes broadly unpopular it will be replaced with a U.S. like system.

The fact is the Tory party has been kneecapping the NHS for nearly a decade now - austerity measures to underfund it, and brexit which cut off a lot of talent.

The current state is purely a result of politics - and likely lobbying efforts to change the UK system to a more profitable one.
"Have you ever tried to download videos from YouTube? I mean manually without relying on software like youtube-dl, yt-dlp or one of "these" websites. It's much more complicated than you might think."

This reminds me of some sort of fizzbuzz test. This is not complicated at all. There is no need to use the Range header or run Javascript.

The short script below does not download anything because there is no need. It does not use Range headers, it does not run Javascript and it makes only one TCP connection. With the JSON it fetches, one can simply extract the videoplayback URLs and put them in a locally-hosted HTML page with no Javascript.

#!/bin/sh
# usage: echo videoId | $0 <-- this will indicate len to use
# usage: echo videoId | $0 len | openssl s_client -connect www.youtube.com:443 -ign_eof
# usage: $0 len < videoId-list | openssl s_client -connect www.youtube.com:443 -ign_eof

(
while read x;do
test ${#x} -eq 11||continue
if test $# -ne 1;then len=${#x};x=$(grep -m1 ^\{ $0|sed 's/\$x//'|wc -c);exec echo usage: ${0##*/} $((x+len));fi

cr=$(printf '\r');
sed "/^[a-zA-Z].*: /s/$/$cr/;s/^$/$cr/" << eof
POST /youtubei/v1/player?key=AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w HTTP/1.1
Host: www.youtube.com
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: $1
Connection: keep-alive

{"context": {"client": {"clientName": "IOS", "clientVersion": "17.33.2" }}, "videoId": "$x", "params": "CgIQBg==", "playbackContext": {"contentPlaybackContext": {"html5Preference": "HTML5_PREF_WANTS"}}, "contentCheckOk": true, "racyCheckOk": true}
eof
done
printf '\r\n'
printf 'GET /robots.txt HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.youtube.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n';
)

For processing the JSON I wrote custom utilities in C that (a) extract videoIds and other useful strings, (b) generate HTTP similar to above, and (c) filter the returned JSON into CSV, SQL or HTML. For me, these run faster than Python and jq and are easier to edit. Using these utilities I can also do full searches that return hundreds to thousands of results and I can easily exclude all "suggested" or "recommended" videos.

CSV output

1666520150,23 Oct 2022 10:15:50 UTC,22,aqz-KE-bpKQ,"Big Buck Bunny 60fps 4K - Official Blender Foundation Short Film",00:10:35,635,UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg,19211597,"Blender"

SQL output

INSERT INTO t1(ts,utc,itag,vid,title,dur,len,cid,views,author) VALUES(1666520150,'23 Oct 2022 10:15:50 UTC',22,'aqz-KE-bpKQ','Big Buck Bunny 60fps 4K - Official Blender Foundation Short Film','00:10:35',635,'UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',19211597,'Blender') ON CONFLICT(vid) DO UPDATE SET views=excluded.views;

HTML output

Looks just like CSV except vid is a hyperlink
How can that be, when the most "anti-racism" obsessed country in the world is the USA which is also the most capitalist, and China/North Korea strongly restrict immigration and China even runs concentration camps for the Uighur? It seems like the opposite. The most capitalist places are the ones who spend all day stressing about the right way to capitalize the word black.
Since past few years, I am able to trigger a sensation at my will which is so pleasant that it's addictive. I looked for some medical phenomena and found ASMR (autonomous sensory meridian response). My experience differs from ASMR as mine begins in the opposite direction of ASMR and is like a continuous flow.

The KAP has very similar description of Kundalini. At this point I am confused.
>I have already said 'context' is critical

That's what I mean by high-contextualisation!

There are discussion cultures where it's okay to talk about just a thing in isolation with the understanding that we're putting context aside (low-context), and there are cultures where it's important to be very explicit about the context (high-contextualisation)

Both can be completely okay, but it's something to be aware of when someone wants to discuss a specific point, and someone else thinks the context is more important. Otherwise we're just talking past each other.