skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The definition of breaking change here completely destroys any idea of abstraction or bug fixes. If calling a function requires knowing how the function is implemented, then the function should not exist in the first place: the whole point of an abstraction is that, if the use-site fulfills the precondition, it can assume that the postcondition holds after it used the abstraction.

This means that relaxing the precondition is, by definition, not a breaking change because the old inputs are a subset of the new ones. Similarly, strengthening the postcondition isn’t a breaking change because the new outputs are a subset of the old ones. (If and he use-site assumes that it gets a specific member of the function’s codomain for specific input values, you have an abstraction leak and the use-site has a bug [or the function should be inlined because it’s a false abstraction])
>Across all racial and ethnic groups, only Asian students improved in average scores, from 24.5 points in 2018 to 24.7 in 2022. Black students’ composite scores fell from 16.8 to 16.1 points; Hispanic students from 18.8 to 17.7 points; and white students from 22.2 to 21.3 points during that time.

I wonder if there were any earth-shattering global-scale events in that time period that could be skewing the numbers? no, I can't think of any
Unlimited? So I guess they will drop the requirement to be logged in...
I think that’s a good default.

Most people don’t need to be messing with system files, the ones who do, can go through the extra trouble of checking a few preferences, using command line tools, setting up plist flags, etc.
> Wards of the state: our responsibility

People that really feel this responsibility become foster parents. But saying the state should deal with them isn't taking on that responsibility - at the end of the day actual people need to be their parents. I'm happy to support those people by having taxes directed their way, but the state doesn't get credit for their good deeds.
I can think of at least one scenario where you need that call center worker. Let's say internet goes down in your area, but you're not sure where the problem is. Allowing a customer to call for a technician to come check the connection in your house might be a waste if the problem is regional. If too many people do that, the waste of resources compound. And you could argue that AI could diagnose where the problem is and choose what to do, but maybe it can't. You need that human to disambiguate the course of action.
Yes and they are expensive and unsightly. People don’t like to look offshore and see the ocean industrialized.

I like the idea of wave energy but the economics are really difficult in large part because the ocean is a difficult environment.
And those loans should be forgiven. Is this your position on anything becoming easier over time? "We shouldn't have ramps, my grandpa had to push grandma's wheelchair up the steps"?
Wouldn't pumping from 230 meters be exactly equivalent to just pumping through the membrane at sea level?

If you have a pump 230 meters below sea level trying to push water up a pipe, to get water to the surface that pump must be exerting the same amount of pressure as you'd be experiencing 230 meters below sea level (since otherwise it wouldn't be strong enough to push up the water column). So you might as well just take the pump up to sea level and have it pump water through the membrane, since it would be exerting the same amount of pressure.

Or alternatively, you could just find a hill that is 230 meters high, pump sea water to the top of it, and then have the sea water come down in a pipe and go through a membrane in the bottom. Should be totally equivalent without requiring anything underwater.
As a recent convert to solar, we no longer have any electric bill, period.
> Do reparations for slavery even make logical sense?

Yes. The slaves did labor. That labor demands wages. The fact that the formerly enslaved also benefited from public goods to which all citizens had access does not pay down the debt owned to them for their labor.
Which no client should/would have been using (given the error they would have received). Why would this new implementation be presumed incompatible, when any reasonable person would think this is an addition to the interface, and not a difference to the existing interface?
TL;DR: The blogger took 4 Python projects, rewrote them in Haskell, and 3 of them had type errors. Therefore unit tests are not replacements for static typing.

---

I don't get how this post says anything about unit testing or static typing at all. Doesn't it just imply that bugs are easier to detect with one method than another method? Most statically typed languages out there have a type system too weak to make the expression 1/0 a compile-time error. But you work around this with linting, unit tests, using a language with a stronger type system, etc.
Seems like a bug to allow selecting the winning word starting backwards.
arch if i need nvidia drivers, alpine otherwise.
> but I do not have any desire to subsidize the ruling elite (who, in many cases, intentionally keep working class pay low). They can pay for their own children's food.

I would hope they get taxed more under this regime so it's not really you subsidizing it for them.
Tektronix oscilloscope screen capture with Bash
I remember back in the day when the highschool website & email was: school.district.k12.ca.us . Basically no one uses those because they were too long and hard to remember. My old school district doesn't use the higher level, the school doesn't use the full name. In fact, they don't even resolve in DNS anymore. Some districts now have the schools under their new domain, some schools do their own thing.
I’m fascinated by the Nazi question (what to do with them).

I think we should allow heterodox beliefs in public forums since at least this reduces the effect of echo chambers. The other alternative is to ban certain ideas from the mainstream, but I think this leads to groups like Nazis just moving to dedicated sites where their ideas are reinforced.

Like I’d rather see a Nazi subreddit where those ideas are likely to see more challenges, than some random Nazi site where bad ideas metasticize in the shadows. Maybe the spooks prefer it this way since different sites makes it easier to categorise people.
> So then astronomy is about telescopes...?

No? I never said that. SICP teaches concepts, those concepts are better understood with lisp.

Astronomy teaches concepts, those concepts are better understood with telescopes.

In neither case is the subject about the tool, it's just better understood with the tool.
There’s an enormous amount of lithium in desalinated water iirc
Why not X Æ A-12.com ?
Maybe if I'd said "I can't imagine X therefore Y must be true," but what I said was "I can't imagine X so I think Y" which doesn't imply I know everything at all. Quite the opposite imho. It implies I could change my opinion on Y if you showed me an example of X.

In any case, apparently that plus my use of the word "not" were ill-advised, since almost everyone here misread my comment to mean the opposite of what I actually meant. One person did read it as intended, and got another person to see it that way.
Interesting. Thanks for the comment.

Unfortunately, I'm having trouble understanding though. The furthest I got with math is calculus. I'd love to hear a more ELI5 description of what you said. Something that doesn't require prior knowledge of abstract algebra. (I recognize that's a big/difficult ask. No obligation or anything ofc.)
Seems hug-o-death'd; wayback link: https://web.archive.org/web/20180608222850/https://chcollins...
The descendants of those slaves are now much wealthier and better off by pretty much any metric than their relatives who were not enslaved

Do you mean each successive generation of blacks were wealthier than the previous? What about a comparison to the average white person?

There were many laws that existed well after slavery that could prevent a black person from succeeding.

That's my justification for affirmative action (not reparations). Should it last forever? No but it hasn't been that many generations since the civil rights act
Adding salt water is endothermic and separating them is exothermic fwiw.

That is separating salt from water releases energy. There's nothing perpetual motion about a process that separates fresh water and salt and also gives energy. I'm not sure if the above works or not but physically there's no issue with this.
They’re a lot more functional than UPS or FedEx.
A lot of people don't understand art criticism. They assume it means to judge a piece of art and determine if it is good or bad. This is exemplified by the way most criticism is portrayed in the media, for example rotten tomatoes. Although judgment can form a part of criticism that is not its primary role, it is only a very small part.

"art criticism, the analysis and evaluation of works of art. More subtly, art criticism is often tied to theory; it is interpretive, involving the effort to understand a particular work of art from a theoretical perspective and to establish its significance in the history of art."

https://www.britannica.com/art/art-criticism

I was reminded of this when I watched a video on video games criticism with my son and he didn't understand how that was criticism.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDtxueJZufs
So there's actually a lot of academic debate on the merits of reparations, and exactly what and how much reparations should be.

A very oversimplified pro argument: if it wasn't for slavery, these families would have generational wealth and better social situations. African Americans in the US ARE disproportionately lower wealth/income and this has CLEAR historical origins.

The oversimplified con argument: Okay, but if you come from a wealthy African American family, why should you have a leg up over a poor (or otherwise more disadvantaged) white student? What about an immigrant, who didn't benefit from slavery at all?

Fundamentally there's a huge swath of different injustices across society, and we obviously can't fix all of them at once, so a big challenge in this sort of debate is how you slice the injustices and how you prioritize fixing them.
nobody gives a shit about the logical arguments. it's social maneuvering for power and money. in other words, it's politics. the sooner you understand that people are looking out for their own monetary interests the less confused you will be about the whole thing.
RISC V will end at the same fate when implemented by the same vendors
They called it OpenSSL Valhalla Rampage, and the comments are hilarious.

https://opensslrampage.org/
This is so sad. Twitter was interesting enough, and even when they added unwanted features, it remained "Twitter". This pivoting to a dystopian sci-fi product (that it is not even clear what will do or try to accomplish) will make it dissapear. I wonder how many "new people" (not users) Twitter got in the last time... I am sure all the new accounts is people with other accounts...

PS: Also, how are they going to name the videos uploaded to this new platform?
In 1968, H. George Frederickson articulated "a theory of social equity" and put it forward as the 'third pillar' of public administration.[4] Frederickson was concerned that those in public administration were making the mistake of assuming that citizen A is the same as citizen B; ignoring social and economic conditions.

Using the term launched, similar to how tech companies launch products, implies a conspiracy to bring this word to the public's attention
On some level, all of them do. Programming lives in a grey area between human language and discrete, symbolic logic.

The way in which we get to an "application" is in designing interfaces that look more like the domain, and less like the implementation. If you can define the math you're using symbolically, you can apply it directly to express ideas from, e.g. linear algebra, set theory, graph theory. And libraries exist for all of those things - you can make the interface more convenient with additional syntax and compiler assistance, and you can frame the program in terms of theorem-proving logic(which is the realm of stuff like Coq) which provides an extra degree of assurance that the program does the thing you defined it to do by adding more detail to that definition, but often the problem requirements fit in the realm of "just tell the computer to do things" - and so imperative code is the default, everywhere.

But we can also take concepts like "name", "job", "age", "ethnicity", "gender", and enter them into a computer. And all of those are human ideas, socially constructed and philosophical in some degree. Mathematics doesn't help us express the essence of those ideas, it just tells us of ways to symbolize the tokens involved, which can be made relatively general and flexible but all of which ultimately stem from a predesigned enumeration of options like the codepoints available in UTF-8 or the range of values in a 32-bit integer.

And a lot of the mathematical stuff is subsumed by the social/philosophical in practical application: we agree that the data has some kind of truth to inform us, because it's compatible with our framework for understanding it. And if you have a setup that fits the model of computing, something like taking a sensor that emits numeric values at a regular frequency and processing the output into some kind of signal - then you can program mathematically all throughout. But if you're mostly dealing with human language, you're constantly hammered with interface problems for other reasons.
What do you think the price would be without solar? The answer: higher.
> I have 5 yubikeys on multiple continents

Are you actually retarded or just disingenuous? This is hardly a workable solution even for security nuts, let alone the average person.
I don’t think he is claiming he ran a relay and could see the traffic passing through it. Just that he had a good idea what moved about on the network from following random links as he explored it - popular stuff would load fast, non-popular would be slow. He found out what was popular.
What you consider "insanity" was functional and useful at one point and may still be useful in some projects. I see systems in the wild running DOS (rarer and rarer) because there is still functional hardware that does not have modern OS support.

The OpenSSL codebase is a legacy codebase, for sure. That said, it's a pretty consistent one (even with all the macros). I don't actively hunt for bugs, but I know the codebase enough that when one or two exploit came out in the past, I knew the relative area where things were impacted.

Also, writing one's own memory allocation library isn't that far fetched, especially if you want to encapsulate platform quirks at a specific layer. I don't think it made the transition to Mozilla owned Firefox, but Navigator (the predecessor) had it's own encapsulation of memory management because, in part, all the platforms and architectures it would compile for.
Separating salt and water releases energy.

Adding salt is endothermic, it absorbs energy.

Most people have this mentally backwards since it's currently so hard to separate salt and water and they don't really notice the water getting cold when they stir in salt. But... there's no reason a process couldn't separate them and give off energy from a thermodynamics point of view.
Medieval europeans were in direct contact with Barbary macaques. On top of African animals that were exchanged through Mediterranean sea since the Romans, Iberian populations, Christians, Muslim and Jewish had direct contact with macaques introduced by Maures.
Still running an Arch install from over 12 years ago.
> Modern route planning takes into account inherently real-time information such as accidents and other roadblocks, which is only available online.

in mid 2000s very offline igo could pull traffic information via RDS-TMC and adjust route according to it. navigation systems in modern cars can use traffic information from satellite via sirius-xm
That wouldn't work because the system relies on having a pressure differential across the membrane in order to function.
50%? I suggest that Blinken goes back to primary school and learn some arithmetic.

We get the Leaders we deserve, don't we?
The everything app, China-style.
I guess a better question is whether reparation paid out to 5th+ generation descendants of slaves make sense. How do you even implement that practically?
We have a manufacturing operation with a public B2B ecommerce platform.

It's just a dumb communications buss for us. It's replaced most of our ETL needs with Realtime events. If an order is placed online an event is raised. Our accounting system can consume that event to create the sales order. Then the production system consume the same event to add the job to the next production batch. Each production step produces events that can be used to update other systems, including Realtime updates on the ecommerce system.

We use Jetstream so consumers don't need to be awake when producers create events.

This system spans the cloud and 3 physical locations. But, to the consumers and producers it's one buss that they only have to authenticate with once.
having the coolest package manager i think is the major draw
"Except that just isn't even remotely anything like true. Every adult is presumed competent until a court has declared the converse and merely mental illness is not by itself sufficient to provide this."

Who's disputing this? If we start with the person already being hospitalized, which seemed to be true in your comment ("were interred there") my comment stands. If by "interred there" you mean self admitted, well, OK... sure they could check themselves out... but that's not the scenario that the article raises. The meaning of "interred" as I understood it, and a brief review of the article seems to agree with my understanding, we're talking about an involuntary commitment. If that's the case, we can presume a legal process was performed to get the person in question in the hospital in the first place: establishing legal mental incompetence. Therefore, a legal process regarding release should, if its to be consistent, operate on the premise that, "one (unable to integrate) is the major fact that disproves the other (competent enough for self-determination)".

"Merely being a loser who wants to live in a tent and do meth doesn't make one legally incompetent and in fact any attempt to patch that bug with law alone will probably run into constitutional challenges"

And the initial premise has been challenged, kind of... the 9th circuit stopped Boise, ID from breaking up a homeless encampment on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment. But Boise didn't actually provide for an alternative to the encampment: it fined and sentenced them to a a day or two in jail (most of them were sentenced time served)... the response was entirely punitive. Note that the right to camp/do wherever you want, uninvited, on public or other's property wasn't the right being protected: there is no constitutional right to that. It was that arbitrary punishments were being dolled out.

Having said that, there are already laws already instituting involuntary treatment and hospitalization, so the constitutional challenges may not be so clear cut as you might think:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Act

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanterman%E2%80%93Petris%E2%80...
> implied service contract

There is no implied service contract when it comes to tipping.

An implied service contract is a legally-enforceable contract. For example, if you went to a barber shop and sat in the chair and the barber gave you a haircut, then it is implied that you will pay for the haircut. Theoretically, the barber could take you to court if you refused to pay, and the barber would win.

A tip, on the other hand, is gratuitous. The server performs their service in the hope that the customer will give a tip, but there is no obligation for the customer to do so. If a server tried to take a restaurant patron to court for not leaving a tip, he would lose.
Yeah, as a big unit testing proponent I'd still definitely say they are not a silver bullet. They simply have a good cost-to-confidence-in-code ratio. So do static types, or type annotated code with strict validation.
> Do you mean each successive generation of blacks were wealthier than the previous? What about a comparison to the average white person?

No I mean the average African-American is easily over 10x wealthier, and has far better opportunities than the average citizen of the countries that now inhabit the lands they originally came from. Were it not for slavery, again as abhorrent as it was, they'd be a lot worse off today.

> here were many laws that existed well after slavery that could prevent a black person from succeeding.

Yes, that's a fact.
Ultimately I believe people are conflating terms:

1. Science as an institution of academics, some of whom have demonstrably prioritized their career over doing their job (and even when that's not the case, has been shown to be wrong if you go back far enough to various scientific theories that were disproved by later discoveries), and...

2. Science as a process of inquiry that begins with an observation which leads to a hypothesis which is then put to the test through experimentation. This needn't be a process limited to academic science, either, but can be exercised in many areas of life.

I suspect we all generally agree that Science #1 should usually be taken with some salt (even in the best scenario, once you take science at its word, you've stopped doing science, though there are times, like gravity, when for practical purposes you can accept a high degree of technically-non-perfect certainty is close enough), and Science #2 is generally good for either reinforcing or correcting our understanding of the world.
Soon: “beep boop, X corp is preventing you from driving your TeslaX model because of a post you made 5 years ago on X platform (formerly known as twitter), further violations will deduct your tokens from your X nft bank, or cutting off your starlink X internet!”
Nice, thank you!

Unrelated, but hoping someone knows: is there a replacement for flaticon.com, which went non-free for SVGs within the last few years?
Fascism is ill defined so people call the Terran Federation fascist due to being jingoistic and undemocratic, despite it being quite different from historical fascism as you say.

Also minor detail but in the book there's a few jobs that are reserved for veterans, like IIRC the police.
As am I.

My point is that we might not be the demographic that they are after.

Perhaps they feel Facebook caters to us.
Middle class families can pay for school: In 2019-20 in state tuition and fees in California averaged $9k. 100% of which you can take a federal loan and payback <$150/mo that begins 6 months after graduating.

Rent/living cost is another matter, but tuition can be still be reasonable if you state in state and don’t attend expense universities.

But I totally agree - there is a lower/lower middle class of people that attending college is vet challenging and free tuition for all at some schools would be massively beneficial for them and society.
Is there anything beyond EUV in the pipeline? Since the article mentioned we have reached double-patterning it seems we are soon starting to squeeze water from the stone here.
And Tennessee has no state income tax.
Country calling codes date from the 60s and yet the US (and Canada?) are still +1.

The real answer is that it’s way too much work to change now for essentially no benefit, so it will probably continue indefinitely unless a new system supplants the current internet.