skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I don't know what limits there are on the size of galaxies, though I suspect it share some characteristics with that of stars.

For star formation, however, the tension is between the outward flow of matter and simple photonic pressure on interstellar gas, competing against the inward pull of gravity.

That is: stars form as large "dust" clouds (mostly hydrogen atoms, obviously), collapse. Once those reach a critical mass, fusion initiates within the stellar core. The rate of fusion is moderated by the pull of gravity, such that larger stars, fighting more inward mass, burn far hotter (and faster, and live comparatively short lives: a few tens of millions of years for the very largest, as compared with ~10 billion for the Sun, and potentially trillions for brown dwarfs which eke out their fuel slowly).

In a curious bit of physical synchronicity, the energy density of the Sun's core (the part which is actively generating energy), in terms of watts/kg, is roughly equivalent to that of mammalian metabolism. It's just that there's a whole lot more mass to the Sun's core than there are mammals, and of course, we're comparing nuclear reactions with chemical ones (the Krebs Cycle).

Back to stars: as they ignite, they start blowing the dust that's forming them away, and so limit their maximum growth potential. The least massive stars (brown dwarfs) are roughly 10x the mass of Jupiter, or about 1/100th the mass of our Sun, the most massive stars are roughly 100x the mass of the Sun, giving a total effective range of roughly 1:10,000. The upper bound, called the Eddington Mass Limit, is about 120 solar masses, and is based on total luminosity which translates to outward pressure exerted by the star against the stellar medium surrounding it:

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_luminosity>

I don't know what the dynamics governing galaxy growth are, though a few ideas come to mind. Apparently the most massive galaxies are about 100x the size of the Milky Way (so we're at roughly similar ends of the scale for both stars and galaxies in that regard) in the Physics StackExchange post below. The discussion there does mention luminosity and pressure, though there's also some disagreement over just what constitutes a galaxy, and where to draw borders.

<https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/172953/what-is-t...>
While this was not the point of the comment, one thing missing is that oldsize and newsize should be rounded for alignment purposes:

struct my_allocator {
struct hamt_allocator parent;
size_t used;
union {
char buffer[8192];
max_align_t _align;
};
};

static inline size_t align_size(size_t value)
{
size_t alignment = _Alignof(max_align_t);

// if (value % _Alignof(max_align_t) == 0) {
// return value;
// } else {
// return ((value / alignment) + 1) * alignment;
// }

return value + (alignment - 1) & ~(alignment - 1);
}

Even better, the allocator function should get the alignment so don't waste bytes unnecessarily.
This is weird. The judge says that because there won’t be any anticompetitive effects in the next 10 years (because MS made a pinky promise), this merger is fine?

What about after those 10 years? What about anything not Call of Duty?
Scrubs is one of those shows that used licensed music heavily, so the versions available on streaming are edits that remove or replace the soundtrack.

A lot of shows have been hit by this, with even DVD releases poisoned by changes. In this case the only way to access the original works is through piracy.
Scientists, Under Fire from Republicans, Defend Fauci and Covid Origins Study
It feels very ignorant to think you can diagnose someone has having manic episodes when you know nothing about them as a person, their motivations, their mental health history, and base all your opinions on mainstream outrage over tweets that are less dumb than most people’s
The Net is a guilty pleasure of a movie

> But we don't talk enough about how improbable it would be that this elite hacker circa 1994/1995 would be using a Mac in those cursed Michael Spindler times.

Fast forward to 2011 where The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo also uses a Mac for hacking, a bit cringe but not as impossible like Mission Impossible, then in the same movie she uses Nokia 770 and that thing had some genuine superpowers compared to Nokia 9210
Switching from vpns to zero-trust networking is as analogous as switching from coal to renewable energy insofar as both of those things involve change. That’s where the analogy ends.
Individual action won't change anything, stop making your life worse for no reason or benefit.
Activision’s portfolio of games aren’t that great. I think we’ll be fine.
Give users a choice - do they want to draw a frame (will take a couple of minutes, many people don't have time/patience) - or do they want to vote on a few frames?

For each frame, get at least 4 different drawings.

For voters, show them 2-4 frames and have them pick the best one.

If there are more than 4 versions of a frame, do a bracket-based competition to determine the best frame.

This could be an ongoing process. Generate a version of the movie using the best available frames, but continue allowing people to redraw frames. The movie would continue getting better and better over time.

Then, when you watch the movie, maybe you could have a slider to control which "generation" of the movie you're watching. Slide all the way to the left and it will be really primitive, slide all the way to the right and it will be the best version.
Can we please stop trying to diagnose mental health issues when we have no background to do so and don’t actually know the patient
Maybe it'll be great but this doesn't inspire confidence:

> Stormgate® is a _free-to-play_ real-time strategy PC game...
Yah that is stark. Folks wonder why I push workspace. Woof.
Uh...am I missing something, or is this whole thing setting the user up for humiliating failure by doing its testing the same way that bit that lawyer in the ass?

> Your job is to rank the quality of two outputs generated by different prompts. The prompts are used to generate a response for a given task.

> You will be provided with the task description, the test prompt, and two generations - one for each system prompt.

> Rank the generations in order of quality. If Generation A is better, respond with 'A'. If Generation B is better, respond with 'B'.

> Remember, to be considered 'better', a generation must not just be good, it must be noticeably superior to the other.

> Also, keep in mind that you are a very harsh critic. Only rank a generation as better if it truly impresses you more than the other.

> Respond with your ranking, and nothing else. Be fair and unbiased in your judgement.

So what factors make the "quality" of one prompt "better" than another?

How "impressive" it is to an LLM? What even impresses an LLM? I thought as an AI language model, it lacks human emotional reactions or whatever.

Quality is subjective. Even accuracy is subjective. What needs testing is alignment-- with your interests. The thing is hardcoded to rate based on what aligns with model hosts' interests, not yours.

Only the "classification version" looks capable of making any kind of assertion:

> 'prompt': 'I had a great day!', 'output': 'true' [sentiment analysis I assume?]

The rest of the test prompts aren't even complete sentences, they're half-thoughts you'd expect to hear Peter Gregory mutter to himself:

> 'prompt': 'Launching a new line of eco-friendly clothing' [ok, and?]

The one for 'Why a vegan diet is beneficial for your health' makes some sense at least, but it's really ambiguous.

I'm just some idiot, but if I were creating this, I'd expect the response to ask for a number of expected keywords or something to measure how close each model comes to what the user actually wants. Like, for me, 'what are operating systems' "must" mention all keywords Linux, Windows, and iOS, and "should" mention any of Unix, Symbian, PalmOS, etc.

All tests should tank the score if it detects fourth-wall-breaking "As an AI language model/I don't feel comfortable" crap anywhere in the response. National Geographic got outed on that one the other day.
It's almost certainly transformative. DMCA takedown requests need to consider fair use. There is a lot of case law like Cariou v Prince

It's also possible they got permission, or even that they were paid to make this. MSCHF is well funded.
> The Level1Techs KVM switches are rebranded Startech switches.

Another commenter posted that the L1Techs KVM are Rextron devices. The Startech switches are rebranded ConnectPro KVMs.
Forty years ago "we" could have forcibly stopped the use of fossil fuels, killing billions of people, to spare them the agony of dying at some point in the future from climate change?
Right, but in rust, not using one is a compile time error. In Java (as you can see by the article), not using one is a silent bug at runtime.
Yes, the latency increases, the audio quality worsens, and I see the following messages in Pipewire's logs:

[W][30498.719355] spa.alsa | [ alsa-pcm.c: 2478 spa_alsa_read()] steinberg_ur44_mono_in:UR44,0,2: follower delay:4042 target:4832 thr:256, resync (374 missed)
I understood #2: if there is a fire ring, do not make another fire ring (implied: use the existing one).
Some people like a clean desk. With this form factor, you can use the VESA mount to stick it behind your monitor.
Maybe the expectations of a junior dev just change to suite effective AI users.
Amazing Idea, but a few problems

1. Anytime you give someone freedom to create (anything), you will end up with a penis drawing. Just scrolling through quickly I see that Frame #13122 delivers on this law of the universe. After watching the movie preview, I only watched the first 45-50 seconds and counted about 4-5 drawings of the bodypart and 6-8 additional frames that just contain the word "penis". I wouldn't be surprised if 2-4% of the total frames submitted contain this specific content.

2. It says that all frames have been drawn, but in fact they are far from complete. Many people have submitted blank frames or frames with one line scribble. There really should be a minimum "ink" or "coverage" amount before determining that a frame has been given a proper amount of effort in the drawing.

3. People have wildly different artistic capabilities. Which sounds like part of the fun, but in practice many of these frames are so bad, that watching them back to back just looks like a static mess.

4. Not a problem, but there are also some AMAZING submissions in here that are awesome to see. I wish those people could be allowed to submit additional frames. Maybe enough "upvotes" on their existing frames and they get to create another frame.

5. We need to crowdsource a review process. It would be good to allow people to either A) draw a frame, which is a smaller portion of the population or B) review an existing frame for content and quality. This allows everyone to contribute to the movie in a way that they are capable. Reviewers could be shown a frame with a few buttons such as: blank, low effort drawing, inaccurate drawing, inappropriate drawing (see #1). If a frame gets a high ratio of similar negative reviews then we know to put it back into the rotation to be redrawn.

5. Just because all frames have been drawn, there should be the option to resubmit an alternative for low-effort or blank frames. These are easy to find, so I should be able to submit a second drawing that gets queued behind the original in case the original gets rejected through the review system (which a blank frame easily would).

Overall the concept is really cool. These tips above would solve most of the core problems and make it a better experience for everyone.
Silk Road’s Second-in-Command Gets 20 Years in Prison
Seems reasonable considering that the cheapest 10G switches cost about as much as a NUC.
C's integer promotion and conversion rules are definitely terrible. Implicit conversions bad.
Also my experience.

The only issue is that it's a bit annoying with breakpoints sometimes.
True, we don't have exact daily figures. We do have a lot of info to validate those models with, like ice movements.
Most of the complaints in these comments have been about diagnosis codes (ICD-10-CM) not procedure codes (ICD-10-PCS).

Both ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS are produced by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). But ICD-10-CM is just a national version of WHO ICD-10, and as such entirely comparable to other national versions such as Australia's ICD-10-AM or Germany's ICD-10-GM. Whereas, ICD-10-PCS, despite its name, doesn't really have anything to do with WHO ICD at all, it is a purely American invention. Other countries have their own equivalents to ICD-10-PCS–for example, the Australian equivalent is ACHI (Australian Classification of Health Interventions), but unlike the US, Australia doesn't mislead people into thinking that our national procedure coding system is part of WHO ICD
> Or write last names in all caps or quotation marks like <<>> :)

Things we don't do much anymore in France.
dude, you're voluntarily replacing phones too frequently for it to be relevant

try living in the desert without AC or spend more time outdoors... I tend to go through a battery per summer.
I asked in a chat for prism a while back but there was no interest, I would like something self hosted like this that works on zip files.

I have a large collection of google photos "takeout" zip files. I dont need to unzip them but I would like a photo app to view them.

They are stored on a server where i can run docker not "locally".

Does anyone have a recommendation?

"Thanks"
I can’t see how we’d expect the same model to be any better…
Ran into the same problem with Asobo Studio's Fuel, which got yanked off the market only a few short years after it's release. Had to install a shonky repacked version from IA and apply a bunch of fan patches to it.

It's a good game and historically important too, being a technical progenitor to modern MS Flight Simulator 2020. It sucks that it's become so buried.
When I was in school (and granted this was 20 years ago), the nurse couldn't give me Tylenol without informing my parents.

Have things really changed this much? and if so, how are the laws/rules/whatever written that might allow cross-sex hormones or surgical treatment, but not Tylenol?

I don't understand how these things could possibly actually be as this makes them seem, but I'm many layers removed from any public school system, much less one in Seattle.
There's two parts. The first is getting access to the private CA's private key. This is easy for insiders who already have access, but challenging for external attackers. The second is performing a MITM attack. You need to establish an in-the-middle network position and then craft certs for the sites you want to intercept. Insiders may already have the needed network position. Outsiders may find this challenging. Crafting a bogus certificate is trivial with a private CA.
I'd say the West in general, not just the Southwest. By that I mean most of the West Coast (California, Washington, Oregon) has abundant federal lands. Some of the adjacent states do too. Alaska as well. It goes east a bit. Colorado has a bunch. It's more the Midwest and east of there that doesn't have much of them. (edit: actually there are some near the Great Lakes too!)

Here's a map: https://maps.usgs.gov/padusdataexplorer/#/public-access (edit: this map viewer isn't super clear, but go to the Public Access tab. You can zoom in and click on an area to see who manages it. Google it by name to look up specific rules & regulations). They encourage you to use it to find campsites: https://www.protectedlands.net/uses/pad-us-2-0-helps-rv-user...

There's a lot of different public land classifications, with different rules and administrators: https://www.doi.gov/blog/americas-public-lands-explained

In general, you're most likely to run into free camping on USFS or BLM land, which also tend to be mixed-used (as in not reserved for recreation, but also used for forestry or ranching etc.).
ME/CFS and Long Covid similarities: road map to the literature
Many people end up using Google Photos just because they have an android phone, it was never anything explicitly intentional. And it definitely does more than OCR, a buddy wanted to show me some pics from their weekend and typed "kyak" into the search bar and voila, there were their photos of them in a kyak.
If they are virtue signalling losers, that implies a cohort of virtue signalling losers exist in Twitter. About other virtues and other losses. thus, it's losers all the way down.

"The only winning move is not to play" -WHOPPR
That's good to know. Hopefully the link requires an account-authenticated session.
People don't use the same operator semantics. Is + commutative? Does it raise exceptions or sometimes return sentinels? What type conversions might == do?
But government intervention is socialism! Or...but free market is the most optimal! Or...whatever other flawed argument.

The US continues to prove corporations (and people) cannot be trusted. Governments and regulations are there to protect people.
I see a lot of links to Twitter (here and elsewhere). I don't want to log in or use the app, I just occasionally want to see what people are saying when a tweet gets upvoted here on HN, or when I think "I wonder what XYZ is saying, I'll click the Twitter link on the place I usually interact with them."

Since I've been stopped by a login link I've mostly stopped going to Twitter at all.
Because she's got a life and better things to do.
> At some point some PM declared that every menu-accessible function needed a corresponding toolbar icon and the carnage started.

I'm pretty sure Office had customizable toolbars, so yes, every menu item should be a toolbar item, but it's unlikely that anyone actually wants them all enabled. And yeah, customizing toolbars is pretty far up the learning curve; so I understand the motivation for the Ribbon, but I managed to stop using office before I had to experience it, so I don't know how well it actually worked.
Ask HN: I have 7 years in IT Support and am not sure what is next for my career
I have been working in IT for 7 years. Originally I wanted to be a web developer, but was told (and listened to) that it was not possible without a College Degree (by a senior Web Dev). I do not have an A+ certificate and recruiters have told me that I do not need it because my experience gets me in the door. I know that I am not currently fulfilled at my current role and I feel that if I don't move on, I won't be able to earn more and I will limit my growth. I also get told that 7 years is insane for someone to stay at in IT and that I've hampered my earnings severely.

Anyways, I am looking to see what other roles I can move to. Currently, it seems, that the demand is in Cyber Security. I am looking to take Coursera's Google Cyber Security program because I think I can knock that out by October and start looking for a job right after. I'm honestly looking for more remote roles (recruiters have told me that those are limited and rare, and hybrid is what I can hope for). Is this a good route?

I still like Web Dev (both front and end interest me and UI does to), and plan to pursuit it as a hobby down the line, but I need to, for my mental health (anxiety and depression) get out of my current role and possibly in a remote role so that I don't have to deal with office politics. For folks who are in Cyber Security (or anyone who wants to chime in) is this a good first step? I haven't really had a mentor in working in IT and would love some advice.
He seems to have done that outside of Amazon. Working at Amazon might be notable but had no connections to the crime.
I take pride in my ignorance of some things. For example, the current news about celebrity goings-on.

I can only name a single Kardashian (Kim), and I wish I didn't even know that one. I am proud to say I have no idea if they are even relevant anymore.

That's not to say that I take pride in ignorance of all subjects. Just some.
> Van, truck or tent camp in California's top outdoor destinations for $0 a night.

... plus $100/year. Why is the annual fee mentioned near the bottom of the page?
> One never writes such expression in a serious code.

Oh please, because you know exactly which kind of code I write? I'm pretty sure that with glm::vec3 the compiler can optimize this just fine. Also, "vec" could really be anything, it is just a placeholder.

That being said, if you need to break up your statements, you can do so with operators:

auto t = vec1 - vec2;
t *= 0.5/0.3;
t += vec3;
t *= 0.3;

Personally, I find this much more readable. But hey, apparently there are people who really prefer free functions. I accept that.
Can the homeless or homeless advocates signup?
Additionally, doesn't changing UIs every few years mess with older and less tech literate users? They have to relearn how to use software they've used for years
Electrons are extremely round, a new measurement confirms
People seem to recollect past times very differently.

I'm mostly struck by the folks who seem to recall GUIs working "instantly" in the 90s. I remember them being incredibly slow and laggy, not to mention how sluggish disk access was. There's much to celebrate about older software and I'm a huge fan of retro computing, but there seem to be a lot of "good old days" glasses being handed out by someone out there.
InvestorGroup Take Aim at Antibiotics, Demanding Change from Fast-Food Companies
> YouTube does implement a trivial sort of DRM/encoding

Nope. Youtube break their streams up into a number of tiny pieces so they can adjust bandwidth dynamically extremely easily.

It's just the RIAA and friends looking for an excuse, so they've attempted (and likely will continue attempting) to make people believe that's "sort form of DRM".

Don't get fooled by their bullshit.
Full Title: Investor Group Takes Aim at Antibiotics, Demanding Changes From Fast-Food Companies

https://archive.is/xiY3g
Original comment is referring to Nvidia triton inference server
> Sure Apple sells the Mac Mini. But the entire Mac line is only 10% of Apple’s revenue and most of that is laptops

The 10% figure is spot-on and that really threw me - I was expecting something like 25-30%: https://www.apple.com/newsroom/pdfs/FY22_Q4_Consolidated_Fin...

It’s unnerving that Apple is effectively dependent on a single product line to subsidise everything: Apple Silicon must have cost tens (hundreds?) of billions of dollars to get to where the M2 chip is today (including acquisitions) - but it only exists today all because of the A-series SoC in the iPhone: without the iPhone Apple would likely be still dependent on Intel for Mac chips.

The iPhone isn’t going away any time soon - but when/if that day comes, Apple is going to be faced with having to maintain all those iPhone-originated projects with no easy way to walk them down (e.g. switching from Apple Silicon back to Intel - or stock ARM - is going to damage Apple’s credibility for years). I’m concerned Apple might be painting themselves into a corner by continuing to shed businesses it isn’t interested in that might be a useful lifeline in a post-iPhone world, like their XServe hardware - or even their MacPro workstations: Apple has seemingly intentionally priced themselves out of reach of smaller and indie creative-types - while at the high-end (movies, etc) the great migration from FCP-on-Mac to Avid-on-Windows took place almost a decade ago - and the lack of PCI-Ex GPUs in the 2023 M2 MacPro is further evidence, to me at-least, that Apple is increasingly uninterested in the Workstation market - which leaves them with less access to trend-setting professionals - which erodes their ability to compete, long-term, imo.

Intel killing-off the NUC is unfortunate, but ultimately is not Intel’s core business (chipmaking) which remains their priority. I don’t blame Intel for doing that; but it would be the same thing if Apple killed-off their Mac Studio line (they even look-alike): it isn’t their (current) core-business - but as Apple sheds - or neglects - its old core-businesses (i.e. computers) it leaves them with fewer contingency options.