skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I run the OS of my choice on hardware of my choice in a way of my choice (that is, not Debian, Ubuntu, or Fedora). The small amount of tweaking I have to do to get the experience tailored for me personally is completely worth it, besides other, less tangible benefits like "free as in freedom".

If I were fine with someone else making all these decisions for me, because making them myself is more painful than accepting someone else's not entirely comfortable decision, I'd go for an Apple device, no doubt.

Tweaking the OS to play nicely with particular hardware is key. Apple are very good at it. I suppose e.g. System 76 also tweak Pop OS to run especially smoothly on their hardware. Linux is very much ready for that: when I worked at Google (2011-15), I had a Linux laptop with a Google's internal variety of Ubuntu, adapted to a relatively few hardware models they used as desktops and laptops. It worked basically flawlessly, and my T420 had like 6 hours of battery runtime browsing and coding. All I had to customize was the GTK theme and such.

Maybe something like "tweak packs" that adapt Linux to some very specific widespread hardware could be a hit.
It would be good to break the figures down between:

* The actual silicon is degrading

* The cover glass is getting dirty/frosted/delaminating/optical adhesive is no longer clear

* Electrical failure of a whole cell - for example it is cracked, yet the panel still appears to work due to the bypass diodes removing a whole cell from the circuit.

Sure - from the users point of view it doesn't matter, but from an engineering point of view, the cause of failure gives some clues how to prevent it.
RAM, storage, and GPU upgrades are great.

Unfortunately CPU upgrades often require a new socket/motherboard.
100% agreed. I've used GPT professionally and we would try out different hosts, AI21, etc. and it there were always clear quality issues with just re-using your prompt and hyperparameters. Some of that was down to other models being lesser quality, but we'd also need to re-tune prompts when upgrading to new OpenAI models for the best effect. It turns out that LLMs aren't quite a commodity.
I'm drawing a blank on what it was called now, but way back in the day, in response to the Intel Apple laptops having far better battery life than apparently equivalent Wintel machines, Intel launched a programme to improve laptop platforms. IIRC, at the time, some laptops had up to about 10W worth of inefficient/non-essential (or completely unusable; controllers for parallel ports but no actual parallel ports for instance) chippery on their motherboards.

I'd assume all the low-hanging fruit is _long_ gone there, though.
Did you come up with that yourself? I LOVE this very quoteable quote.
I have to admit that I am out of my field, so help me a bit, you expressed that it must be dependently typed because false and true are a -> b -> a|b under union (and a->b->b and a->b->a respectively) so the the abstractions can take any functions subtyping a->b->a|b, thus to make them correct you need dependent types to verify that the abstractions take only True and False?

Is this correct?
yes, they use this new tech called glass.
330 watts. Sunlight is about 1000 watts per square meter at noon on a clear day.
Meta's 'friendly' Threads collides with unfriendly internet
https://archive.li/RPMvs
No you're not understanding. There is a unique ID, in this particular context it's called a CRN (customer reference number). Every person who receives social security in Australia has one and they're fixed for life.

The lack of unique ID has nothing to do with this. This was government blatantly attacking poor people through willful mismanagement of an automated debt inferment system in conflict with the legal process through which that debt should have been calculated.

They 100% knew what they were doing and did it deliberately.
> Schaeffer told the Guardian that she “didn’t end up using anything” from “multiple interviews” with Polignano as she came to think that his answers were in part a performance. “He wanted to present himself as a complex character and I think he wanted to present his antisemitism as something that was emotionally earned, or that he had thought deeply about it,” she said.

As a scientist, I simply ignore data that don't fit my theory, and publish only data that does. Since I already know the truth, this makes sure that there is no bad data in the literature that could be used to spread lies.

Especially if that theory is "Prominent co-founders of anti-semitic publishing houses haven't given anti-semitism much thought."
> modest improvement for a few years.

Many regions of the world are getting dryer. You might just be seeing a global warming side effect as there is less cloud cover.
Edit: In his Pascal report Wirth mentions math zero times: http://pascal.hansotten.com/uploads/books/Pascal_User_Manual...

And in fact in 1971 he wrote that it was basically copied from ALGOL: https://oberoncore.ru/_media/library/wirth_the_programming_l...

Edit2: Most relevant part from second link: "The syntax has been devised so that Pascal texts can be scanned by the simplest techniques of syntactic analysis". That's it.

On to other comments which are basically relevant given Wirth's own words:

> but in math we use := to express that two things are equal per definition.

Then it isn't variable assignment. It's what you pretend it is because Pascal defined variable assignment this way, and now you're trying find an angle for which "Pascal is closer to math" works.

When we write "x = f(y)" or "x = y + z where z = f(t)" in maths there's no confusion as to what this expresses. No need for "equal by definition".

Note: Interestingly enough, Wikipedia doesn't list `:=` in its glossary of mathematical symbols [1] And then there's another sign used for definitions: equality sign with delta [2]

> Especially when you want express the concept of equality as well and cannot use the obvious choice = anymore because you already used it for something else.

Math also has the same problem, because equalities are not equal :)

Hence you have:

- equal

- equal by definition

- ~ has six different definitions depending on context

- ≡ has two different definitions

etc.

> Exactly and that's why functions and procedures in Pascal are separate things, like it is meant to be.

It's not "meant to be". Programming languages are not math. The distinction between functions and procedures in Pascal exists only because Wirth decided that's how it should be.

> In some sense they can.

It means that it makes no sense to pretend that nesting functions in Pascal has anything to do with math.

> Pascal is a programming language, not math.

Precisely. And yet, just two paragraphs above you argue for a distinction between functions and procedures because math ;)

> My point is solely that Pascals syntax is superior to C's because (among other reasons) the former is closer to centuries old tried and tested and well established syntax of mathematical notation.

Modern math notation didn't become "old tried and tested" until somethig like 19th century, and even now it still remains somewhat fluid. And it's only closer if you arbitrarily twist definitions and meanings like "equal by definition" is surely "variable assignment". As I said in the very first line of my original comment: "It's only 'mathematical' if you chose very specific parts of the language from a very specific version of Pascal when looked at at a very specific angle."

It's also "better than C" only for some vague defintion of "better" where "is closer to math" has no relation to either reality or to being better.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbo...

[2] https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1289339/what-is-mea...
https://libraria.dev/ offers this and more as a service. It has added conveniences like integration with your google drive, youtube videos, and such
gpt4all has this truly locally. I recommend those with a decent GPU to give it a go.
UK will not follow Biden in giving cluster weapons to Ukraine, Sunak indicates
Oh man you've never cared for trees/plants have you. Some of em (most often the ones you "want") are total crybabies over those "trace elements".

You can't have DNA without phosphorus, for example, and many plants can't make nitrogen from air. Don't get me started on magnesium (needed for chlorophyll)
That drug, btw, is Semaglutide, brand name Ozempic. it's been featured in a number of articles as being the cure for addiction and is having a bit of a Viagra moment. Weight loss is big business but curbing addiction to drugs (inc alcohol), gambling, and spending would be an even bigger one.
how can Python be strongly typed if it doesn't enforce types for declared arguments?

What is the value of this supposedly "strongly typed" Python's type system?

class Object:

pass

def f(arg:int):

print("type of arg = ", str(type(arg)))

f(1)

f(666.0)

f("kek")

f(Object())

type of arg = <class 'int'>

type of arg = <class 'float'>

type of arg = <class 'str'>

type of arg = <class '__main__.Object'>

and not a single error/warning thrown
Blow it out yours first. The words you have written come from a place of utmost ignorance. You are mistaking your own opinions and values for information. Again, "drugs are bad for you" is not information. It is not something to be known. It is an opinion, a value to have. You have addressed none of my points and instead merely relayed more of your own ramblings.

Do you know how hard it is to actually attain a meaningful education on the topic? I quite enjoy many substances, many of them federally legal. I am addicted to nicotine and currently quitting. That is the only substance I am addicted to. Your words do not hold true for me nor for many of my friends. It does hold true for some of my family, whom I do believe could have been helped much earlier had they been availed of crucial information that would have helped them make an informed decision.

But no, you do not get to act like the reasonable man here. You have taken a stance based on your own ignorance, painting over entire groups with the wide brush of your disgust and being better-than. A pigheaded craven, indeed.
Anyone know how milvus, quickwit, pinecone compares?

I've been thinking about seeing if there's consulting opportunities for local businesses for LLMs, finetuning/vector search, chat bots. Also making tools to make it easier to drag and drop files and get personalized inference. Recently I saw this one pop into my linkedin feed, https://gpt-trainer.com/ . There's been a few others for documents I've found

https://www.explainpaper.com/

https://www.konjer.xyz/

Nope nope, wouldn't want to compete with that on pricing. Local open source LLMs on a 3090 would also be a cool service, but wouldn't have any scalability.

Are there any other finetuning or vector search context startups you've seen?
Parent claimed only one gets funding, but that is wrong. Industry, capitalist companies work on the other stuff all the time. Parent is likely wrong about researchers not getting funding for that other stuff also, parent likely had trouble getting funding himself due to bad attitude and blames it on other factors.
How Threads’ privacy policy compares to Twitter’s (and its rivals’)
I think you can often make a similar hand-me-down argument for non-upgradable (or minimally upgradable) hardware as well.

For example, obsolete thin client PCs can be repurposed as home servers or control systems. With a USB GPIO interface they can even do Raspberry Pi-like things.

Apple makes it harder since you may fall out of the 7-ish year macOS security patch window, but you can often install Linux or NetBSD if you plan to connect to the internet.
I recall Flickr before was free up to a certain resolution, at the time it was something very low like 800 pixels or less than 2mb. During Marissa's CEO days, they pushed Flickr and introduced the unlimited storage for all users. I believe after it was sold to Smugmug, the storage was back down to being limited again.
https://archive.is/VIJ7r
Same.

I got a call literally last week Tuesday because one of the usual operators had left his position at one of the top 5 US aerospace and defense contractors (other than Raytheon), and they didn't know how to reset the sequence for the machine my employer had built for them less than 10 years ago.

Sure, any controls engineer worth their Ethernet cable would be able to read the PLC code and reverse-engineer it, but the user manual for that machine is about 8 pages of mostly boilerplate and would take an intern about 15 minutes to generate. It would take 50 times as many pages and 500 times as much effort to generate a proper user manual that would guarantee the next operator can read the manuals and fully understand what needs to happen to make good parts.
This is a really wordy argument that the entire internet outside of Meta is a privacy nightmare.
I used it on a project and I liked it but then I got into situations where I needed to pass a bunch of data back to the rendering page and it got really messy. The author says on the HTMX page that if you have this type of situation then HTMX is probably not the greatest fit.

Also as the project got larger there was a lot of issues with like "Wait, why isn't this loading? Oh man someone changed the name of a div I was using".

It's just not as clear when things stop working compared to most JS frameworks (which I hate, hence my interesting in HTMX).

I think for smaller projects it can be decent though.
> Published work by experts in the field who have thought deeply about the subject, published works on the subject, and even designed and tested new curricula in a scientific manner.

This is called "paralysis by analysis", a special case of "penny wise, pound stupid". There's a lot of low-hanging fruit in education that does not need much thinking. You are free to optimize the solutions as much as you want, but don't use that as an excuse to delay change. Also, some changes (computers in particular) only bring benefits when implemented at scale. Small incremental tests will always show negative results, because they will be dominated by costs of the change.

> All I am asking for is for you to do even one single solitary ounce of effort in validating your assertions.

Homeschooling parents validate tons of possible changes all the time. I did it too. One thing you learn when homeschooling is that major changes can be implemented quickly, easily, and cheaply by single person. You can iterate so quickly you end up being limited by the compulsory curriculum rather than by opportunities for improvement. You then look at the glacially slow pace of change (or even regression) in "professional" education and cannot help thinking it's insane. Something must be very wrong with the system.

> But your whole approach of disparaging the very people trying to make a difference

Are they really trying to make a difference? My impression is that teachers just want to do the minimum work they have to do and then go home. I have never seen a teacher care the way parents care. There are exceptions, rare innovators, but exceptional teachers, if they avoid traps of educational fads and try to implement real change, quickly run into resistance. They are locked in the inertia of the large organization. Their hands are tied, they get frustrated and they eventually give up.
> Blender, Godot, Firefox, GNOME, WordPress, GnuCash

Two of your examples begin with GN, which, of course, is a reference to GNU (explicit in the case of GnuCash) and thus a reference to the Free Software movement. Which the author of the piece rather noticeably neglects to talk about at all.
what hardware do you need for that?
As a casual twitter user I've had no issues prior to last week. The throttling was the first thing that has impacted my experience since Musk took over.

It seems like your own assessment of twitter comes from a very emotional place and not from personal experience using it.
I could’ve been selling codes this whole time?
I think on HN that would be "this is not Reddit" or like any other forum "correlation isn't causation".
"Digital electronics" communicate using discrete values, 1s and 0s.

"Analog electronics" communicate using voltage/current/temperature/etc levels.

One of the simplest examples is a voltage divider: if you put two resistors across a DC voltage source, like this:

V+-[R1]-¢-[R2]-GND

The voltage at the ¢ point will be:

V+ * (R2 / (R1 + R2))

There are infinite possible values for that voltage, depending on the voltage source and the two resistors. It cannot necessarily be expressed exactly in a digital circuit, and it will fluctuate over time as the environment changes in temperature, humidity, EM noise, and so on.

I usually recommend The Art of Electronics as a well-written, beginner-friendly textbook which covers the basic concepts.
> With how completely avoidable this result was, with people raising flags all the way through, I feel that the only conclusion is harming citizens must have been part of the intention.

You are absolutely correct regarding their malice. The minister responsible for the implementation of the illegal scheme was former Prime Minister, Scott Morrison, who went so far as to purposefully mislead his cabinet. The former Prime Minister is despised by the general public at this point, and his will likely be recorded as the most cruel and criminal government in Australia's recent history.
> I'm still trying to find information about the specific optimizations done in the current FP compiler.

AFAIK there isn't any explicit documentation but the "toptimizerswitch" and "twpoptimizerswitch" (the latter is for whole program optimizations) types in the compiler define the available optimizations in globtype.pas and have the following values:

cs_opt_level1,cs_opt_level2,cs_opt_level3,cs_opt_level4,
cs_opt_regvar,cs_opt_uncertain,cs_opt_size,cs_opt_stackframe,
cs_opt_peephole,cs_opt_loopunroll,cs_opt_tailrecursion,cs_opt_nodecse,
cs_opt_nodedfa,cs_opt_loopstrength,cs_opt_scheduler,cs_opt_autoinline,
cs_useebp,cs_userbp,cs_opt_reorder_fields,cs_opt_fastmath,
cs_opt_dead_values,cs_opt_remove_empty_proc,cs_opt_constant_propagate,
cs_opt_dead_store_eliminate,cs_opt_forcenostackframe,
cs_opt_use_load_modify_store,cs_opt_unused_para,cs_opt_consts,
cs_opt_forloop

cs_wpo_devirtualize_calls,cs_wpo_optimize_vmts,cs_wpo_symbol_liveness

level1/2/3/4 are basically collections for some of the above and are enabled for -On where n is 1 to 4. You can enable optimizations explicitly with the -OoXXX (for per-module optimizations) and -OwXXX (for whole program optimizations). The -io and -iw parameters can be used to obtain the available names for these.

I think the names are more or less self-explanatory, at least for the most part (not sure what "uncertain" does... which i think is appropriate :-P).

Some brief documentation (though very brief) is available in the programmer's guide:

https://www.freepascal.org/docs-html/current/prog/progch11.h...
I think that "feed fake data" is the wrong way to do it. The good way should be something like "feed data from alternate source", where the alternate source can be any other program. This other source could be anything that the user wants to put in by that other programs, such as: empty data, random data, fake but consistent data, data from an alternate file (e.g. a separate contacts list, or a picture from a file instead of from the camera), transformed in some way (e.g. turning a picture from a camera upside-down), filtered, logged, or asking the user every time for each individual piece of data, feeding error codes instead of data (and allowing the user to specify which error codes), etc. (This should include everything even the current date/time access.)

This is useful for better user control and for purposes of testing and accessibility purposes.

(My own idea of operating system design, one of the ideas involved (there are many other ideas, but most of them are not relevant here) is the "proxy capabilities", with capability-based security including proxy capabilities; all I/O uses it, and it can also be used in a better way than the UNIX pipes (using the command shell), and in other ways. This also includes even the date/time. No system calls other than Yield and Quit can be used without being given a capability key.
I don't know about cool, but if my username dot com is amusing enough to qualify I've been curious to check it out.
It's kinda surprising that plant efficiency is so low, considering the absolutely massive number of plants and the hundreds of millions of years of competitive evolution to collect as much energy from sunlight as possible.
Reducing availability of access certainly does work at taking away poisonous substance exposure. Plus people can connect in person in so many better ways, on dignified and beneficial grounds rather than the ultimate harm that comes from drinking culture.

It’s common in our culture to parrot about letting people make their own decisions… where does that take us when it comes to things like covid? When a culture promotes a harmful practice we should call it out. Just like we call out injustice, certainly it is unjust to support a drinking culture that results in so much harm.
Dynamic and static merely point to the fact that type analysis is either done at runtime or at compilation time.

It is an unrelated concept to which type rules will be applied by the software at runtime or compilation time.
https://media.giphy.com/media/WjSx3rJqsa448/200.gif
Doesn't it say "undown" instead of "unvote" when you downvote?
Depending on the size of your data, chiseleditor.com is a free option.
I took an effort to explain my views thoroughly, and you resorted to calling me disingenuous and irrational.

The part you quoted was the only piece that could be interpreted as seeking conflict -- though it had a more charitable interpretation that you decided to ignore -- and you latched onto that.

Oh well, I tried. Let the future readers judge for themselves.
My framework (latest revision i5 DIY edition) is lighter than my wife’s maxed out M1 MBA. She has 16gb of RAM and 2tb of storage, and it cost $2500 with taxes and shipping. I have the latest i5 DIY edition and I forwent everything (charger, RAM, storage). I got the fastest 2tb m2 drive supported and the fastest 64gb of RAM supported on Amazon. Total cost with taxes and shipping for everything was $1250.

My framework compiles the linux kernel faster than her MBA and lasts all day on a single charge. I did spend an enjoyable afternoon dialing things in, although I know not everyone would enjoy that. I wouldn’t recommend a linux laptop to anyone who doesn’t understand init systems and how to manage config files.

They’re both great laptops, but with different target markets. Let people enjoy things!
No one cares. Just go for it.
Most botanical gardens have a dozen or so, but they only bring out one that’s blooming when they think it’s a good year to fundraise. While it may be true that any given one only blooms every 20 years or whatever, in practice they’ll bring one out when the stock market is at its peak, or at a big anniversary year or whatever.
Impossible for the average thief, not impossible for government or Fortune 500 actors. There are private contractors in business solely dedicated to developing and licensing enclave cracks, and popping them is routine procedure for most law enforcement departments, even smaller ones.

Fundamentally you can't have a key and the data inside the same physical box and expect encryption to remain intact. Enclaves are just security through obscurity on steroids.
The best thing about built-in help was that it not only contained documentation of a function, but usually a short example code. That was extremely helpful and I relied on it a lot.