skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
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Hehehe, I used to use bots for AIM which would then boot people who said mean things to me off of AIM. Would flood their PCs with IMs filled with rich text which would kick off the poorly resourced computers of the era.
Mostly girls I liked who rebuked my affections.

Good times indeed xD
This makes no sense. The entire software industry is also built on false scarcity (that is how it has managed to offer so many high paying jobs). Your same argument could be rewritten for software in the same way.

I have a <Microsoft 365> subscription, if you want a cut of that subscription, by all means show your <software> on <Microsoft 365> and I'll <use> it there. Add it to <Google workspace> or whatever too, but I'm not maintaining ten subscriptions.
And the winner is...

"....leading to use-after-free issues. An unprivileged local user could
use this flaw to compromise the kernel and escalate their privileges"
You can use https://archive.today to work around the paywall.
First: I never called myself an expert. I said I was an arts undergrad, there is a difference there.

Second, I never mentioned that urinal. I mentioned two artists that had intentionality and process tied to their work. Duchamp is not just that urinal, please check his other work and the movements he was associated with to learn a bit more about what mechanisms gives the art piece and aura of art. In my opinion, that understanding is quite essential to appreciate certain movements such as Dadaism.

Also, I never mentioned anything about "artists" and stealing.

All I did was name check two very well-known artists whose work is part of a larger artistic revolution, one that precipitated a discussion and a new understanding about "what is art".

I also offered some book references so that instead of accepting my opinion, the OP or anyone else can go read and form their own opinion. Because instead of being an expert, I gave references to the experts.

As usual, gotta trust an engineer to arrive full of opinions and misconceptions about a field that they're clearly not well versed and attempt to put someone down.
> is a result of unencumbered, massive, law-breaking, right-violating copyright infringement

Why? Copyright covers expression not information, AIs can learn information from any source regardless of copyright. They should just not regurgitate copyrighted content, that's all. And much of what organic content is online is common knowledge, thus can't be copyright-controlled.
In this case they are reviewing the funding mechanism of the CFPB and because it has no funding reviewed by congress that it might be part of the executive
branch oversight and therefore the CFPB head is able to be fired by the president. All they do is review lower court decisions, which in this case have already ruled that the president has authority...so if they did nothing it would be exactly as you don't think it should be. Again SCOTUS doesn't just decided at will what to review...again like AOC thinks they should have vacated legacy admissions...as if they could just decide to do that.

Despite congress being full of lawyers, they often miss critical things when they come up with ideas like the CFPB.
I agree with your first point, but I’m unsure about the second.

I don’t think many Democrats secretly don’t support pride month or many Republicans secretly don’t support the 2nd amendment, but then go on to publicly show support so their side doesn’t attack them.
I did receive a notification from Microsoft of a suspicous login about a week ago. The password for that account was a relatively strong one (upper/lower case, numbers and some symbols I think). It was an actual login, not just an attempt. I also don't use my Microsoft account for anything (no Windows/Xbox).

So I'm inclined to say that they have had a breach.
It was a surprise to me to really understand that text files don't consist of lines anywhere, they are byte arrays. Interpreting

97 98 99 13 97 98 99

as text with lines

abc
abc

is just one way to view it, but only 'correct' as far as saying agrees with the author's intent, but not objectively 'more correct'.

I now think that being able to interpret the same thing in many ways, and shift between them at will to use the most useful one or leverage a different tool, is a key skill in computing and programming which doesn't get discussed all that often. Vim uses it in letting you treat it as lines, words, sentences, paragraphs, blocks, screens. Regexes let you treat it as character sequences, arbitrary sequences of patterns, repeating patterns. Hex editors go for the byte level. Structure editors let you treat it as INI blocks, key=value pairs, XML trees. IDEs let you treat it as functions, methods, classes, headers.

And the more of them you can see, the more tools you can use - e.g. treating CSVs as lines of text in one context, then comma separated text, then comma separated dates and numbers and text, then entries in a user database, that lets you do different kind of processing on the same data where someone who sees it only as "a CSV" is more restricted.

(I suspect that's a part of general thinking; being able to see the same thing in different overlapping contexts which let you take it apart at different size boundaries; e.g. a dessert on a table, is also a trifle, which is part sponge cake, which is a flour/butter/egg/sugar mix which is a starch/fat/binding/sweetner and that lets you rebuild it either as swapping the trifle out at your dinner party, or swapping the sponge out for biscuits in the trifle, or swapping the butter for margarine in the sponge recipe. Someone stuck in the pattern "children's parties always have trifle" or "this is an Italian theme dinner party so it has to have an Italian dessert" is limited, someone who sees a trifle as something you buy from a shop and can't make one, is limited, someone who sees trifle as "made with sponge" is limited, someone who sees sponge as a single recipe is limited, someone who can swap any part at any level at their convenience is more flexible, less limited; someone who can do that on the fly for any of the foods on the table, would make a really good cook/host/organizer).

See also: inside computers, it's all bytes, that's all there is.

See also: Steve Yegge classic essay "The Emacs Problem" https://sites.google.com/site/steveyegge2/the-emacs-problem "How did I get so far off the original track of text processing? Well, that's the punch line of this shaggy-dog story: it's all text processing! Log files, configuration files, XML data, query strings, mini-languages, programming languages, transformers, web pages, word documents, everything... the vast majority of your programming work involves text processing somehow. What would you rather do? Learn 16 different languages and frameworks in order to do "simple" log-file and configuration-file processing? Or just buckle down, learn Lisp, and have all of these problems go away forever?"
Weights are just matrices with values between a certain range. So are digital images - just matrices with values. Images are covered by copyright laws, so why shouldn't weights also be?
You're going to have to define some sort of API for matching on a sliding window of values. This isn't impossible, but most languages don't really have great interfaces for it.
Related:

Growing a Language (1998) [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24383919 - Sept 2020 (34 comments)

Growing a Language, by Guy Steele (1998) [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16847691 - April 2018 (20 comments)

Growing a Language (1998) [pdf] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10153391 - Sept 2015 (8 comments)

Growing a Language (1998) [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9918286 - July 2015 (10 comments)

Growing a Language, by Guy Steele - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3744125 - March 2012 (5 comments)

Guy Steele: Growing a Language (video 53:30) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2359174 - March 2011 (21 comments)

Growing a Language, by Guy Steele - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=827107 - Sept 2009 (2 comments)

Growing a Language, by Guy Steele [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=626380 - May 2009 (3 comments)

Growing a Language by Guy Steele - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=152311 - April 2008 (7 comments)

Worth reading or rereading: Guy Steele's Growing a Language (PDF) - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=92542 - Dec 2007 (1 comment)

----

p.s.: reposts are fine after a year or so; links to past threads are just to satisfy extra-curious readers. Also it's good for the classics to reappear periodically, so new cohorts of HN users get to know them and the culture can propagate!
> I have launch icons and launched items.

Then install Docklike Taskbar:

https://docs.xfce.org/panel-plugins/xfce4-docklike-plugin/st...

https://github.com/nsz32/docklike-plugin

Formerly Dockbar-X, I believe.

https://github.com/M7S/dockbarx
How I discovered the underground world of credit card network exploitation
Federal judge blocks Biden officials communicating with social media companies
Be warned that this makes your authentication system less secure because it caps the maximum entropy of the password to the entropy of the hash function.
That seems like a fairly emotionally driven overreaction to a pretty harmless statement, but you do you.
That's not strictly true, there are plenty of streaming services that come out of the UK but they are tailored for the UK market; BritBox being the most prominent.

The parent was making a jibe at the TV License which is mandatory if you own a tv or "streaming capable device" (because the BBC can stream now.. sigh).
Yeah don’t do a PhD
In order to get out of using the M$ft account for my dad on win11 I had to disable secure boot, use regedit, etc and it was all very dark and time consuming. Microsoft is The Worst.
A lot of programmers are still writing v4-only code somehow. They'll write things like "socket(AF_INET, ...)" or "struct sockaddr_in address;" or "gethostbyname(...)" completely seriously and not seem to realize that any one of those things is an immediate red flag that your code is wrong and broken.

OSs are fine, but the software and systems that we build on top of them are often v4-only.
Unfortunately no one sees this because story wasn't upvoted
Home appliance repair is not a specialized job. Maybe you have some sort of memory about the Maytag repair man, but that is just branding, just like DeBeers with their diamond monopoly.

Home appliance repair is knowing the general layout of each major appliance, a bit of specialized knowledge on how to dismantle them without braking them, and which modules are responsible for which function, and finally knowing how to source the replacement parts and knowing which common items are best kept on hand for convenience.

Very few people are doing board level repair for appliances, especially when the replacemeent boards are typically very inexpensive for any modern machine (save for main boards and for induction plates in induction stoves, which are typically so expensive that it is smarter to replace the entire appliance rather than repair the broken module).
Like Dave, NowTV and Britbox?
You can always go for the fundamentals and go through DDIA. It is heavy on foundations but does not really give examples of specific real world systems. For that, Alex Xu’s books are probably the most popular.
What kind of content are you looking for? From a user POV, I think there is thankfully not much to learn about automata-based regexes like RE2 and rust/regex. The exception is if you're writing a performance-sensitive system entirely around regexes, like an intrusion detection system or search engine.

A regex is a very small concept with a very large syntax :) It's "just" literals, alternation, repetition, and concatenation. So it's mostly being able to see through the syntax IMO.

Nice animated diagrams in this recent post - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35503089

(On the other hand, from the implementation POV, there is a wealth of material online, but you already know where to find that :) I still think someone should "cliff notes" the Cox RE2 articles, since the ideas are important but there is a lot of detail. There are also dozens of references in those articles for people to read; it was a comprehensive survey at the time.)

---

BTW Friedl's book covers backtracking engines, which makes sense because PCRE, Perl itself, Python, Java, JavaScript, etc. all use that style

But as far as I remember, most of the book is irrelevant for users of automata-based engines. It's a whole bunch of detail about optimizing backtracking, reordering your clauses, and lots of detail about engine-specific and even version-specific differences.

Personally I just ignore all of that, and it doesn't cause me a problem. I use regexes all the time in every language, and stick to the features that an automata-based engine can handle.

Once you go into the backtracking stuff, then you might want the Friedl book, and that's a huge waste of time IMO. It's way easier to do that kind of thing outside of a regex engine, with normal parsing techniques.

And honestly once you go outside, you'll find you don't even need to backtrack. Perl-style regexes can be an astoundingly inefficient way to write a pattern recognition algorithm.

---

Eggex is my attempt to separate the two kinds of things, since it's not obvious based on the syntax: https://www.oilshell.org/release/latest/doc/eggex.html

It makes the syntax smaller, more familiar, and more composable. It's closer to the classic lex tool (e.g. GNU flex). It's funny that lex has a way better syntax for regular expressions for Perl, but it's used probably 10,000x less often because most people want an interpreter and not a compiler to C code. But lex has 90%-100% of what you need, and it's way simpler, with a nicer syntax.

Literals are quoted so you don't have the literal/metachar confusion, and you can reuse patterns by name. The manual is worth skimming:

https://westes.github.io/flex/manual/Simple-Examples.html#Si...

I use re2c though, not flex, and its manual is also worth skimming: https://re2c.org/manual/manual_c.html
Commentator's curse in action!
If GPT-4 is really 2 trillion parameters, that implies it uses at least 32 A100-class GPUs (that's with 8-bit weights). Assuming they're each consuming at half their max TDP, that's around 6 kilowatts. It seems to spit out around 15-20 tokens per second, so sampling 1000 tokens probably consumes around 100 watt-hours of power. That's an entire high-end laptop battery, or enough power to move a Tesla half a mile.

OpenAI probably have some magic to batch requests under high load but still, pretty power hungry. A good amount of the $0.06/1k tokens they charge is probably just to cover electricity.
OP linked to Europe for some reason, but this site does have the whole world: https://aqicn.org/map/world/

Then across the top are links for various countries but you can also just zoom in wherever.
Slack, Teams... for sure.

But...

Many businesses actively block communication among employees, by e.g. forbidding the creation of teams in Teams. Some others have a policy to have HR or mechanical turks monitor Slack. Some others add your direct manager to every channel you are.

Why would the government want to facilitate communication between citizens?
It is valuable to understand the objective reasons as to why something is fake; without it being given away.
Good lord, there is so much more to Duchamp than that urinal. Also, it misses then point of my comment in its entirety. It is about what intention is behind the work, not about the piece themself (a bit more complex than that but that is enough for a small comment).
Going to be great to have to get a neural implant to get a job.
This article from 95' on the news is excellent:

https://hbr.org/1995/05/why-the-news-is-not-the-truth

> It fails to do what it claims to do, what it should do, and what society expects it to do.
Copyright is not for "documents", it is for works that have creativity in them. The legal bar for that level of creativity is low, so low that it is easy to come away thinking that anything that can be cast as a "document" must be copyrightable, but the bar is in fact not zero.

In particular, taking other documents and shoving them through a process that generates a lot of other numbers with no human or creative interaction is definitely something I'd be concerned the courts would judge as not sufficiently creative to be copyrightable. The process itself would certainly consist of copyrightable code, but the output doesn't necessarily. This would be somewhat similar to the observation that there is no copyright to be had in a big table of files and their MD5 hashes (or other hashes), such as a Linux distro might use for integrity checking. Lots of copyright in the original file contents, copyright available on the process for producing these tables, but the tables themselves would likely be ruled not itself copyrightable as there is no creativity in that output.

Note this also has absolutely nothing to do with the question of whether AI output is copyrightable, this is about the huge table of numbers that make up the neural net weights being copyrightable. (Though it would be sort of an interesting question for the legal system to grapple with as to how a non-copyrightable set of numbers could then produce something copyrightable. Call it a philosophical variation on the "copyright washing" argument; can copyright spring from a non-copyrightable source other than a human brain, thus somehow "flowing uphill"? Would a human brain be copyrightable? Stay tuned for those questions, I guess, or if not you, your grandchildren.)

Per your other comments, "work" is not the bar, "creativity" is. "Size" is not the bar either. Merely being a much larger table of numbers than a list of hashes or a phone book is not the question. No human is in that table of numbers creatively saying "no, wait, this neural weight should be -1.5 instead of 2.0 to produce this creative effect". No human is even capable of working in the medium of neural net weights in a creative manner.

If you want to go the "novel legal theory" route, you could play with claiming creativity in the selection of input material and claim the resulting neural weights has a copyright in compilation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_in_compilation That's a long way from a slam dunk though. Way out on a legal limb there. It isn't entirely clear to me what exact rights would result from such a claim either. It would be a landmark copyright court case for sure.
If this is indeed the secret sauce behind GPT-4, I would expect it to be replicated in short order, hopefully in open source. Iteration on this more successful architecture will then proceed more rapidly since the architecture will be open for a wide spectrum of researchers rather than closed off within the bounds of one company.
Ocomtún: A long-lost Maya city that was just discovered
I'd like to believe that this is some kind of bad joke or an error but it doesn't seem it is.
Turns out GPT-4 was 8 kids in a trench coat. And hey, why not? If the brain can have regions, perhaps that's a likewise a useful abstraction for LLMs. I'd love more info on model performance differences between monolithic vs manifold/subdivided architectures. Does model composition give us a "more than the sum of its p̶a̶r̶t̶s̶ weights" phenomenon, or just some implementation conveniences?

Side note: I loved the George Hotz interview on Lex Fridman's podcast. I strongly disagree with some of his opinions, but thoroughly enjoyed hearing them. I highly recommend it, if you're looking for some entertainment.
Weights are the output of a mechanical process over the training set with no element of human authorship, just as much the output a model produces with a prompt is, which the Copyright Office has already declared outside of copyright.

> Is a document not copyrightable based on its contents?

Creative process is the bigger issue.

> Weights are just a different kind of a document.

And who sits down and writes this document of weights?
Sounds like their sibling still uses it.
... and defining precise specifications.

I look at requirements as the human-level needs and wants from a system. If we have an intersection of two busy roads shared by cars and pedestrians there's an immediate requirement that cars don't run down pedestrians that are trying to cross. We also want to let some cars get through and some pedestrians get through. And everyone should get a chance to get through the intersection.

The specification of such a system to meet those requirements is a bit different. We would need to define systems for indication who can cross, when, the timing of various events in the system, etc. It's much more about the technology involved and how it behaves.

Now when we get to software we have tools to write precise specifications but they are so often ignored it seems pointless to advocate for them. Developers think they can design a system involving multiple communicating processes and guarantee that no bad state can ever be entered and that good things eventually happen... without specifying any of those properties. Usually they write a hand-waving informal document in a wiki somewhere that everyone forgets about, add some unit tests (if you're lucky) and some integration tests and think reviewing it closely in code review will catch the rest of the, "bugs."

It's amazing that this practice has been sufficient in practice for such a large body of software that it almost seems like evidence that formal specifications are not required to write software... and may even be a waste of time!

But I think that what we're talking about here is resiliency: we add more hardware when the software doesn't scale well in performance, we add operational tooling when it isn't as reliable as we'd like: but the costs never go down. We add more in order to do more.

I don't think we can write efficient software without being precise with our specifications. As Conal Eliot theorizes, we need correctness in order to scale efficiency: proof that we can satisfy certain properties and guarantees with less code; that code we write composes with other systems, etc.

Writing less code is the hardest part of building software, in my experience.

Update: And think of it this way, if the specification is imprecise then there is no way to determine that a program is incorrect. It could erase all of your data or leak your personal information and that would be perfectly acceptable.
Personally I'm unwilling to reward streaming services for continuing down the path of making their product worse and worse while raising prices. Make no mistake, if subscriptions nosedive they will go back on the multiple household stuff.
Because many people will refuse to call an art piece art in an effort to dismiss that work as valid. Not calling it art is a form of gatekeeping.