skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I have the second-hand impression [0] that Gibbon exemplifies a particular focus of explanation that some later authors drew contrast against by emphasizing the continuity/influence of some social and cultural (ex Christian church) institutions or trappings that continued after Augustus Romulus.

[0] in a three part blog by Bret Devereaux https://acoup.blog/?s=roman+empire+fall
I'm not sure that posting the population growth figures over four years and adding a snarky remark about babies owning houses proves anything whatsoever other than your own ignorance and disinterest on the matter in hand.

You'd need to also think about not only the number of homes built, but the kind of homes built, the location they're built in, the cost at which they're built, the incomes of those who need to be housed and where they and their jobs are located compared to the houses. And to cap it all you'd probably want to look at it over a meaningful time period because I don't think anyone thinks the current situation with UK housing started in 2019.

Or you can save us all the bother and say what you really mean - you either don't care or you're quite happy with the current situation.
My Boss back in the 80's bought one and I had the job of restoring it. The worst was jam on the drives and heads (a capstan drive and playback head for each key). The magazine where the tapes hang was full of ferrite dust. We ended up using a DX-7 and a Tascam to make new tapes that were not transparent from so much use.

Since musicians favour particular keys, some notes get more use than others, so in theory you'd rebalance the volumes using a pot for each tape.

A truely unique sound though, something about the analogue process just makes it lovely.
Sloot Digital Coding Machine
"in the UK" is a little broad.

Bars in the city of of London, in the hours after work, are far from quiet.

A suburban or village pub may be different. You get to know which one in your local area suits your needs. e.g. I could point you to a local pub with craft beer and a quiet cosy corner, and suggest to avoid the one with the loud sports TV always on.

In the actual City area, with the tall buildings, the quiet kind will be nearly impossible to find at 6pm on a Friday.
Winds of winter might be out before that happens.
I recently moved my main router from a Netgate device running pfSense to a Deciso device running OPNsense, and couldn't be happier with the change. The Deciso hardware is pricey, but you get what you pay for. Very well built, silent, and very powerful hardware. No issues whatsoever.
Interestingly enough, this guy solves that problem by... not selling it.

Which rather defeats the point I'd imagine, for most thieves.
Or a biscuit tin.
Agreed. I've had one running for 3 years as a garage door opener relay and it works like a charm. Reboots after power failures everytime.
I know this isn't the point of Folia's test, but:

> During the period when 1,000 players were online, we reached a maximum of ~7.9GB/s heap allocation and our GC was hovering around 2-3GB/s when averaged over a minute.

As someone who dealt with soft-realtime telephony stuff, this makes me want to scream in horror. It seems like the platform really hurts the performance here. In an average second with that many players, most (all?) of them will not do any action apart from changing their position. (Just moving around would ideally only use preallocated per-player space only; extra in-game events, npc AI, etc. could still use some allocs) It's great Folia can get more out of the bad situation, but... oofff.

(not a criticism of Minecraft by the way, it's better to be popular and inefficient than not exist - I just didn't realise quite how much overhead there is due to the runtime)
Technical Content Writing and Distribution
There are many levels of compatibility. ABI compatibility is perhaps the least stringent, bug compatibility is the most picky.
They didn’t really consider these two halves to be separate states, the empire was viewed as universal and indivisible by most.

Having multiple emperors was perfectly acceptable though, if not entirely practical most of the time.
Does it count as a waste if their main selling point is to deliver internet access to places that are hard or impossible to reach otherwise?
Not a clear cut, and one intended application of Starlink was . You need less detours and light in fiber is slower than light in vacuum.

Fiber slows down Berlin <-> NYC by a lot. I usually use Wolfram Alpha for this and it's like 30ms fiber vs. 21ms vacuum.

So in theory starling could offer less hops and better latency. The detour to space isn't that bad either, ~1100km on a 6500km route, and fiber will need some extra hops and detours too.
Do I understand it correctly, that an LLMs are neural networks which only ever output a single "token", which is a short string of a few chars? And then the whole input plus that output is fed back into the NN to produce the next token?

So if you ask ChatGPT "Describe Berlin", what happens is that the NN is called 6 times with these inputs:

Input: Describe Berlin.
Outpu: Berlin
Input: Describe Berlin. Berlin
Outpu: is
Input: Describe Berlin. Berlin is
Outpu: a
Input: Describe Berlin. Berlin is a
Outpu: nice
Input: Describe Berlin. Berlin is a nice
Outpu: city
Input: Describe Berlin. Berlin is a nice city
Outpu: .

ChatGPT's answer:

Berlin is a nice city.

Is that how LLMs work?
Will be interesting to know how many of those 1k changes are tested.
That looks like using docker-compose ? My problem now that we switched to docker swarm is that docker compose commands are not available anymore. Need to use « docker service » or docker on the hosts and again deal with the complexity of some commands.
Ha, nice, thanks. I've never looked into this deeper than accepting the fact that it's doable. Now, if only I had the spare time to look into how did they shard the servers...
Here it is: https://www.fry-ai.com/p/social-media-no-humans-allowed
On a side note, I've been trying to figure out how to write Java mods for server-side vanilla Minecraft server, but there is basically no documentation at all.

Is it safe to say that this isn't possible? Which flavor of minecraft server is the best documented to write mods for, Spigot?
Is there a free Ubuntu Pro clone, like Alma and Rocky for Red Hat?
Ultima Online is sharded. Biggest shard is ATL, with maybe 150 players.[1]

Planetside 2 got up to 2000 or so, and may hold the record for a seamless land world MMO.

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/ultimaonline/comments/tr1r6j/uo_atl...
I think that in the end predicting words is non optimal , most things we want to do are things that are related to the internal representation of concepts that exist deeper in the layers.

I at least do not want to predict the next token, I want to predict the next concept in a chain of reasoning, but it seems that currently we are stuck at using the same representation for autoregression we use for training.

Maybe we can come up with a better way to construct these chains once we understand the models better.

Edit: Typo
Its paper nowadays :)
https://papermc.io
Should you ask data scientists a tricky maths question?
>Trust me, in context it was an implication they are bad. I understand that it isn't always used that way, but in this case it definitely was an implication they are bad.

As you noted, we're both in Australia, so there's no language or cultural differences here, so I know you're incorrect. The "not okay" in that phrase is the version of "not okay" in "I just got admitted to the psych ward, I'm not okay", it is not the version of "not okay" in "Terrorism is not okay". They are two different meanings, only one of them is the correct one for that saying.

>I understand it is often used this way, but trust me in the group of people I know in real life it isn't always. Plus frankly even that usage could be seen as kind of patronizing, though again I want to stress that I am not personally offended by the joke itself

It is insulting, patronising is exactly the right word. It's intended meaning is something like "There's something so wrong in straight culture, they need an intervention, look at this example" - it's faux concern. I wasn't explaining why it wasn't insulting, I was explaining why the meaning you were ascribing to it wasn't grammatically correct.

>I feel like you've really missed my point. I don't mind the jokes, they are (mostly) not a reflection of any genuine ill will, many of them are funny to me, etc. What is frustrating is how quickly people will assume ill will when jokes are made about certain groups of people and not others. The jokes themselves are fine.

Okay, so if I'm understanding you correctly the jokes don't cause any harm to you, but similar jokes do cause harm to marginalised people. Your contention is because the grammatical format of the joke is the same and you're not offended by it when you're the object of it, marginalised people should not be offended when they are the object of it. I don't agree with that contention, it's a false equivalency (grammatical equality does not equal semantic equality), but I think I would just like to understand how you're thinking of it. You remember the lord joking about how the peasants look like scarecrows during the famine, and how that is an objectively true observation that the lord and the court find funny but the peasants don't find funny? Do you understand why even though it's true and clearly funny to the lord and his coterie, the peasants wouldn't find it funny? If the peasants joked about the lord looking like a tomato, would you consider that to be hypocritical?
Pretty much. Once you got to 1500+ fleet fights it would originally just drop lots and lots of player actions on the floor as could not cope.

Time Dilation came in to run at 1/10 game/real time ratio, allowing fights to scale better and be a less frustrating experience for participants
A team at Microsoft Research asked the same question and just published a paper about part of that at least: TinyStories: How Small Can Language Models Be and Still Speak Coherent English? https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.07759

"We show that TinyStories can be used to train and evaluate LMs that are much smaller than the state-of-the-art models (below 10 million total parameters), or have much simpler architectures (with only one transformer block), yet still produce fluent and consistent stories with several paragraphs that are diverse and have almost perfect grammar, and demonstrate reasoning capabilities."

They also trained a TinyStories-Instruct instruction following variant. It looks like the 28M parameter 8 layer model had a 9/10 on grammar and consistency. You could probably combine that with something like Jsonformer or parserLLM to enforce valid formatting.
> How do you get it back?

What in the world? I get that “Big Capital” is an easy boogeyman but how do you think this works? If you print money, so you can exchange that for someone else’s goods, what entitles you to “get it back”??
Show HN: Running LLM As Chatbot in your cloud with a single command
There is no coordinated effort by anyone to destroy the system. The system is destroying itself by itself. The Ottoman empire fell because it couldn't keep track of its expenses. If you print money once to fix a deficit you suddenly become complacent. Now, you do it again. It doesn't seem to have much effect and the people/markets got complacent with your behavior too.

You do it again and again. Now, it's part of your "process". Let's call it Quantitative Easing. Let's also take advantage of a pandemic to print as much as we can. There is a good "reason" for that.

At some point the music stops and the system collapses. There is no conspiracy there.
The official language did not change to Greek until the empire nearly collapsed as a result of the plague, Persian wars and the Arab invasion.

The state that emerged from this was were different to the Roman Empire rules by Justinian in many ways.

> after the Fall of Rome was

I would disagree that was the case in the 500s, the Fall of Rome was mostly seamless and most actual changes occurred years later.
I like this but there are a lot of studios in the world where I will never be able to access it, so I'd really like to have a standalone/non-web version if its at all possible. I'd pay for that.
Wayfair, Qurate, SAIC, Insight Enterprises, DXC ... Fortune 500 companies that have billions in annual revenues.
In Germany employers can offer the employees a bike leasing program through one of several providers (like Jobrad). This is tax exempt and allows people to pay the monthly rate from their gross salary. The contract lasts three years after which you can return the bike or buy it for a small price. This greatly accelerated e-bike prevalence in Germany.

The vast majority of e-bikes in Germany are pedelecs that offer electrical support for riders up to 250 watts and only up to a speed of 25km/h (15mph). Bikes that go faster or where one doesn’t need to pedal at all need a license plate and special insurance.
Is there a solution for the Jita problem that isn't just beefing up the server?
There's a bit of a distinction in the Minecraft world between "mods" and "plugins". Even though to the outside perspective they're the same thing, the terms are used for two different communities/ecosystems, basically.

"Plugins" are for bukkit-based compatible servers, like Spigot and Paper (and Folia, with some modifications).

"Mods" are more for forge, sponge, etc servers.

So you can kinda pick which direction you want to go. But the Paper project has a ton of API documentation and a few Github repos to even get you started writing your own plugins. The Discord server has a dev help channel with people happy to answer any questions.

The Sponge team has a similar setup as well if that's the route you'd like to go.
Sounds a lot like Bill Mason’s story too. Amazing book as well.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mason_(jewel_thief)
That's 50 years ago. It's literally not even one lifetime ago.
Thank you for raising skepticism about old studies!

The new one that you mention is slightly suspect as well though :) It is based on data gathered from trackyourhappiness.org. Why would someone install an app to track their happiness? I doubt that this is a representative group of people.

Another interesting paper about this is "Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved", Kahneman and Mellers, 2022
https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.2208661120
Millenials and younger are usually a lot more open to non-car-centric development. The problem is that most of the electeds who have the power to actually apportion budget to these projects (so generally state level representatives) are older, wealthier, and generally live in car-centric neighborhoods themselves. It also helps that most electeds get safe (usually guarded by staff), convenient parking at their office even if the seat of State or City power is in a high-COL neighborhood.

For example, the recent efforts in the Bay to defund public transit were being pushed heavily by a State Rep based out of SF who lives in the wealthiest, most car-centric portion of the neighborhood. Despite his own constituents being against his position, there's nothing they can do but vote him out during the next election cycle.
Any pointer to flakehub?
Sure, but in most cases its conjugations are just left out entirely, as in "קר לי"; literally "cold to me" (I am cold). "אני רעב" -> "I hungry" (leaving out the "am" English speakers would put it there), etc.
Apple is more focused on what software you can’t make these days and taking away control from software developers. One can’t have creativity when their ideas are controlled.
If they want to foster ideas then they need to offer options. Also where is user customisation, doesn’t Apple value diversity in how its ecosystem is used?

Ideas such as:
Imagine a software catalog instead of a store and an update api for all software. Tools that have decent interop and automation.

Then I realise I’m describing Linux, thus I switched.
You may be interested in this newer paper, reconciling the work of Killingsworth and Kahneman & Deaton. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2208661120
This is one of those rare articles that makes a good point but also is a pleasure to read, way beyond its point.
You can do the same thing with cassettes but they're so fiddly to splice.
This post is wrong in many ways.

First, you know which app the access token was issued for, it's the "aud" in the JWT.

Second, you should at least use the "state" parameter on authorization requests so that when you receive the access token via a redirect, you can guaranteee that the user was logging in intentionally and is now completing the flow (rather than coming from an attacker controlled website).

Even better is to use PKCE! It should be common knowledge by now that you must use PKCE[1] if you really want to completely prevent CSRF attacks. OIDC helps with that because it practically makes this a requirement, but you don't need OIDC just for that.

Finally, OIDC is not meant to increase OAuth security as this post tries to imply! It's just a layer on top of OAuth to establish an authentication procedure (OAuth intentionally leaves authentication out of scope as it's focused on authorization protocols). IT does end up improving certain things, but those things can be improved using simple OAuth extensions (like PKCE mentioned), only use OIDC if you actually need user information besides what's in the Access Token.

[1] https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-oauth-secur...
Find Your Quiet Place
From https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36489517
Again, this is before Android 12 - afterwards the app can declare that it just wants BLE not for location purposes, and not get access to GPS (and apparently certain kind of BLE beacons). Still it's mind boggling that this glaring issue survived so long.
I believe it's the way OpenAI has positioned its model.

By itself, the model follows a straightforward and concise 'answer the question' approach. However, if you want it to be creative, scientific, or empathetic, you can engineer your prompts accordingly (bear in mind, it may spew out literal garbage while trying to answer certain advanced questions scientifically).

It can also enact prominent figures so that the responses are tailored according to how the actual person would answer.
Have you tried AWS CDK in watch and hotswap mode? It’ll quickly replace all Lambdas with new versions upon save. Not a few ms, but a few seconds.
Yes, if they bring insights. Not merely facts or data.
Matt Levine, Farnam Street, James Clear - they add value in their own ways.
I dont read every issue though.
You might be interested in this then.

https://github-runners.www-cachix-org.pages.dev/github-runne...
At present? Price at the pump is 72.9 pence per litre, which is represented internally in the software as 7290 1/100ths of a penny.
People seem to be getting hung up on the bad article title. It's a genuinely good read when you set the semantics of what the old web is aside.
Cyber Security Hall of Fame
Wood houses will also have the styrofoam insulation and plastic windows.
If you're gonna give the wood houses rockwool insulation and aluminium windows traditional houses can also have those.
Yep I just skip the campgrounds, and drive up some gravel roads until I find a good spot. Most of the time nobody else is around. The campsites are bigger, and you're way more out in the wilderness. You don't really even have to go that far most of the time... Hell I have found amazing isolated campsites only a few miles off I-90 just outside Seattle.
Charts in Markdown Using Apache ECharts
thanks for responding -- I do agree that ansible, puppet, and salt are the closer comparisons (they are of the same lineage -- I mentioned them in passing and kind of clumped them together).

See my response here[0] as well, but to summarize:

- There is more overlap than it seems on the surface (not implying that you are taking a surface view)

- I wanted to get across was the way someone might ask if they were new/looked at it all as churn from the outside. The average dev who thinks "devops churns too fast" is not necessarily going to know the difference between ansible and terraform to begin with, never mind knowing that ansible/salt/puppet/chef are a different approach/lineage compared to terraform.

> And yes, obviously there's worlds of differences. Using Puppet killed my productivity, for example.

I never used Puppet -- it was love at first sight with Ansible for me, felt like the perfect amount of abstraction/structure even though some of the patterns were long in the tooth.

My career is not as long as yours, but I still use ansible to this day (with pulumi).

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36476215
Maybe someone should write a little browser plugin that asks ChatGPT for a bit of text to rephrase an existing random comment made in the last x days every y minutes...

Good luck to reddit trying to block this if tens of thousand of users are doing it.
I think you misunderstood, I didn’t mean that the resume alone is enough to pass the interview.
There is something like that but I'm looking for silencing two work apps on non-work time. This inverted way of configuration doesn't seem to exist.
This is a great example to show the underlying mechanism!
Even before the official collapse the western half hardly had any of these.

The Goths who took Italy for themselves were infact the army of the Western Empire which was basically dead for years now.

The Gothic king simply realized that there was no point in pretending anymore and just decided he’d rather be a ‘vassal’ of the emperor in Constantinople than have his own emperor in Ravenna.

The Goths actually left the local Romans to themselves in general the power of the senate in Rome possibly even increased during the period cause they were no in charge of the Latin population who were still governed by a separate law code to that of the Germans.
Western culture and polity never quite got to terms with the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium. Yet for a millenium it was the most developed part of Europe and Constantinople its only true capital.

For reasons that are not entirely clear it remained a medieval, stagnating center well past the time it was safe to do so.

Eventually it got dismembered, first by the rising new European powers and finally by newcomers from Asia.

The resulting new equilibrium wiped out thousands of years of Greek/Hellenistic cultural influence in the Eastern Med basin and successor societies in the region have practically no connection with that heritage.
The provisional licence is enough as a voter ID though. I just used it in the last election.
Yes, so in that sense it's sharded. In another sense it's all one server, as you can warp between different systems and meet all the players there in the game. Everything is run on one giant server.

Not sure how it is now, but back in 2014-2016 you could inform them of big battles ahead of time for a specific system, at which point they would, in their own words, reinforce the node (moving that particular system to its own allocation of resources). This often was the difference between being able to duke it out in an epic space battle or wait for the system to load while everyone lagged to death.
Avoid karaoke night (really, unless you're certain age and want to sing), and generally sport pubs.

Good traditiona oubsl, even the family friendly, are usually quiet.
The _cost_ to produce food goes up. Prices may or may not go up. Food producers are charging what people will pay, not what it costs them. Competition might be reduced when everyone’s input costs increase, but this principle still remains. If the market will bear higher food prices, and energy prices remain unchanged, then it’s simply the food producers that reap profits instead of energy companies.