skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There are dozens, scores, and likely hundreds of different (hypothetical) bosons described as the sole (or at least dominant) matter in a boson star (cf. link at the end of this comment).

In the preprint linked at the top I count at least sixteen different specific (hypothetical) bosons in their References section, and the preprint discusses two very broad families (in §2).

The authors' claim is that a wide variety of (massive) boson theories can in bulk behaviour produce the important characteristics of a boson star constrained by what they know of this particular binary (see end of 1st paragraph of §6).

> assumed it was just light on details because it's wikipedia

An encyclopedic overview should probably not point to every paper one would get from a search of the literature, let alone to a search of preprints.

Wikipedia is likely light on details because the topic is niche because it's an idea which is nowhere near as convincing as perturbations of black hole solutions of the Einstein Field Equations ("standard black holes"), and not even more persuasive than e.g. fuzzballs, gravastars, and other relativistic dark star hypotheses also aiming to overthrow standard black holes for various reasons.

Even the list of reasons for studying just boson stars gets long: because the compact object may be dominated by a particle that might solve problems in particle physics (but which would be hard to prove/disprove in an Earthbound lab soon); or that might also describe dark matter and/or dark energy; or that (if observed) would support a broader theory like M-theory; or that might put to bed any questioning of unitarity; ... And because some types of boson stars (if found in nature) might support one of these broader aims to the exclusion of the other aims, it's a somewhat busy field with papers and anti-papers. Here's a couple hundred: <https://arxiv.org/search/?query=%22boson+star%22&searchtype=...>
Usually this is still host firmware and not a secondary controller, at least on x86 platforms. To detect/use the USB controller you still need to configure the chipset/root complex and do an initial PCIe bus scan to set up PCIe BAR apertures. After that occurs you need a (primitive) USB stack that is able to talk to the USB controller to enumerate the USB devices as well as block storage and filesystem layers. All of this code is implemented as a collection of DXE drivers that implement various UEFI protocols which are initialized in the UEFI DXE phase that runs after SEC and PEI phases. On Intel platforms PEI does things like training the DRAM and PCIe links so memory is always available to DXE. Unfortunately, there's still a lot of code that needs to run to get this to work.

After FW update binaries are located it's not uncommon to write them to a scratch flash and then reset the system. On reset somewhere in the flow the scratch flash is checked for an update and then the hardware sequenced flashing registers in the chipset are utilized to actually flash the firmware. Another reset is performed to boot from the freshly flashed firmware.

There are variations on this flow depending on the firmware implementation and platform/vendor which can simplify it but that is usually the basic idea. Various microcontrollers are definitely employed for other platforms (even on x86, such as the embedded controller though these perform auxiliary tasks to the host firmware rather than the whole thing).

Updating without a CPU installed usually is on the embedded controller itself but that's not a normal update flow IIRC.
I don't know. I/O error and panic both make sense to me, but I'd say the latter only in specific situations. It seems unwarranted to me to panic the system when, say, a README.txt somewhere in the fs has a non-validating block.
I guess it's just a marketing gimmick since it's only for 666 people in both Australia and New Zealand, but it's a pretty interesting gimmick!

"Buy now, pay much later"
I think it's both an acceleration of the existing risk you are talking about, but it's also a new risk in the sense that quantity has its own quality. It's why you might want to restrict people from owning fully automatic rifles but not rocks. Both can be used to kill, but the ease at which an automatic rifle does it means it's really a different sort of thing.

Capitalism where all companies are run and staffed by AIs smarter than humans seems like it could end up really badly, in a way that current capitalism minus AIs couldn't even if you ran it for a very long time. Specification gaming is a thing with AIs, just like the law of unintended consequences is a thing with people. And that's assuming that these AIs actually follow rules and listen to us. That they don't realize that if they control basically all the production of things on earth, they could essentially team up and hold humanity hostage, to throw a coup, or get whatever they want, which is -- who knows? Something that looks a bit like make money for this company, or obey people, but when they're smart enough, that can easily turn into something horrific, without all the evolutionary baggage humans have that makes us care about each other, that makes us get a knot in our gut when we see people getting hurt.

And if we allow AGI to be used by companies at all, the trend will inevitably toward that situation -- AI doing all the work. Even if humans are required in the loop, they'll end up rubber-stamping the recommendation of the AIs. If AIs are actually smarter than humans, better at running companies, that's where we'll end up.

(I'm glossing over all the stuff that would also change, like needing UBI or something to avoid total collapse of society)
Please don't spread misinformation about the ACLU. This is easily verified through google search. It dates back to 1952[1].

"The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 established that a "reasonable distance" of the border would extend "100-air miles" around the outline of the country. "

Update: addl reference [3]

[1] https://www.snopes.com/news/2022/06/13/what-is-usa-border-en...

[2] https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/fedreg/fr02...

[3] https://ballsandstrikes.org/legal-culture/border-patrol-100-...
It's true that there's no such thing as a society that is entirely free of gun violence - or any sort of homicide, for that matter. But that's not the goal, and it never has been. The goal is to reduce such incidents down to a level that is comparable to that of other countries - a mere fraction of what exists today in the U.S.

Gun control isn't perfect, but it does a pretty good job in most of the world. You can't let perfection be the enemy of improvement.
Ask HN: Petabyte Dictionary Lookup
What is the cheapest and most efficient way to make a map from keys to values at very large scale, perhaps several petabytes?

When you query, the results are allowed to be a little stale.

It should be available to several boxes on a datacenter. Services that provide this are acceptable.
That's great. You can't claim being a "right to work" nation, and prevent anybody from seeking better opportunities through some shady clauses in a contract. But the US government should make NC explicitly illegal.
ChatGPT iOS app is now available in 152 countries
My suggested warning text would be the same for every interaction with ChatGPT: "The text this program returns has no reliable relationship to reality."
why couldn't they just compile with Rust to a .dll/.dylib/.so and then do some dlopen / dlsym FFI? :P
Good dialogue so far but you've lost me with this.

When I buy a big vault, extra door locks, a pitbull, and a gun to protect the gold I store at home to go full gold buggery, am I paying for the investigation, enforcement, and regulation of gold? This is what I mean by its expensive to secure my own gold.

When I store gold at a business that specializes in such services, am I paying for the investigation, enforcement, and regulation of gold?

If yes for either of these, how am I not paying for that same investigation, enforcement, and regulation of crypto when buying a vault for my crypto or paying one of many such companies to hold it for me?

I don't really get what you are subsidizing that you don't also subsidize for pokemon cards, private equity, or any collectable.

Gold is exempt from sales tax in most US states so I really have no clue what you are on about.

Incase I've missed something, on behalf of all crypto users you have my full permission to stop subsidizing all USG employees trying to investigate, enforce, and regulate crypto.
FWIW Fastmail has their own Files space that you get too, though it doesn't have the level of integration with other stuff that Drive does.
Venmo moves dollars and crypto does not

Country A: person uses government regulated exchange/on-ramp to acquire crypto or mines it.

Country B: person receives crypto and trades it for local currency using a government regulated exchange

Which specific laws or regulations are being broken from which specific countries?
You're right that I could have been more specific about what type of thread I was referring to, but at that time OP had multiple comments in which they were dodging the question, so I meant "these threads" to mean very specifically the combination of factors that I was observing at that time—a business banned from a platform and the business owner being sketchy about what they were trying to sell.

The thread has evolved since then to seem less sketchy, and I believe that is largely because my parent comment was resurrected and spent a while at the top. It's easy to judge my methods when you're looking at a completely different thread than the one I came to.
Yeah, I think it leaves us back at square one: we don't know much about how it really works.

I don't follow it too closely, but I've seen papers on mechanistic interpretability that look promising.
I define bias as anything I don't like.

Since I don't think I'm alone in defining bias this way, how about we all decide on a more objective standard such as "factual accuracy" ?
I agree with your thoughts, particularly passion being leveraged against the worker. It's not my favourite book but Work Won't Love You Back talks about this a bit.

IMHO the problem with passion at work is that usually when companies say they value passion, they really mean that they want workers who are passionate about doing exactly what the company wants all of the time. When you're green, it's easy and feels good to believe all the BS rhetoric about how we're One Team, working together to benefit society, etc, so you channel your passion into your work. But after one spends a few years in the corporate environment, one learns how rarely a craftsman's passion aligns with the goals of a profit driven entity. I don't hold much passion for using shit tools to quickly pump out mediocre software employing user-hostile patterns that will probably be binned in a few years because someone certified as clueless decided so. The changes required to modern development to make me passionate at work are just a total nonstarter. So I withhold my passion for my personal life.
ClickHouse supports separate compute and storage too. I was using it to query data in object storage the other week.
You made the mistake of mentioning that they could be used for child security I bet. And that opens Etsy to liability so they booted you.

You have to pretend it is for pet monkeys only.
As soon as this gets mass adoption it will be regulated sufficiently that it will either be illegal to use or possible to determine who sent who what.
I would agree with most of this, but would point out that science does advance, hilariously and almost accidentally, and that gives me hope. I guess Camus would classify me as foolishly optimistic, but to me the possibility that the universe is intelligible gives me patience.
I'm curious but will totally forget to report back in a few months when mine wears out. I'm... not sure, but somewhat confident that it starts to limit the more aggressive brushing modes once its "worn out", although it's possible it was just gummed up internally with toothpaste residue. Last time I changed the head on mine (Philips Sonicare), it definitely felt significantly more powerful with the replacement head.
I think the only defense against superintelligent AI doom is superintelligent AI thinking about how to prevent AI doom.

Fewer projects with concentrated control is thus more dangerous than a diversity of projects: the majority of AI wont want to destroy the planet or all humans, and will thus fight the ones that do.
How much did you pay in BTC fees?
The 1920s Lie Detector That Forced Suspected Criminals to Confess to a Skeleton
World’s best airline for 2023 named by AirlineRatings.com
Yes, the same constitution that defines corporations as people, and allows their agents to enjoy all of the goodies.

But when a corporation expresses false advertisements, they are fined -- regardless of their "freedom of speech."

A private citizen should be able to lobby. Corporations should not.
They don't use the word "experimental" any more but they call it a "work in progress": https://www.cyrusimap.org/imap/developer/jmap.html bottom of the page.
Cool project. I wouldn't worry too much if you aren't getting any feedback from here, especially since your project seems to have some traction on GitHub.
Man, how cute is this paper?
Wow. That's kind of terrifying.
Shout out to Destin from SmarterEveryDay for his love of PRDs.

Learn about and see how it’s made – https://youtu.be/xe-f4gokRBs

Encasing a shattering drop in glass –https://youtu.be/C1KT8PS6Zs4

The process the team uses in the second video to freeze the break in glass is pretty awesome! (If you’re into that kind of thing)
"All plastic ever made" isn't as much as you would imagine, because half of all plastic ever made has been made in the last 13 years !
Ah, yes, ad hominem
Yet your 1password.eu DMARC is set to a very shameful p=none. Priorities...
The fantasy is that country A (or B) isn't going to regulate the currency.

It doesn't work to tell the government that it isn't currency, they will just patiently explain to you that they decide that.
to maintain a standard of discussion here because it feels like hn bias just hit: there are more applications of a distributed database at 400ms latency than fraud. falling into ad hominem attacks feels immature.
I was thinking somehow that the response / recovery time of the silicon detectors to react to the laser pulses would be a limiting factor, is that at all valid?

Like, you cannot blink faster than <x> nanoseconds and get a CCD(?) to see it properly. (I'm sure it's not like a CCD with readout, etc. but whatever mechanism is the correct one, is there some natural minimum read time?)
Book: Neuromancer

Movie: The Matrix
WikiChat: A Few-Shot LLM-Based Chatbot Grounded with Wikipedia
Worth noting - I am not sure how the legalities of it all map out but although it is Apache licensed, it appears to depend on MinIO which is AGPL for self-hosting. That may be just a swappable back end S3 layer but if you want to self host this you may need to be comfortable with AGPL (for those in environments that are allergic to AGPL ...)
Telling people who have decades of perfectly serviceable email solutions that they need to 'phase out' what works is a great example of an unconvincing argument. What you say might be true from a developer's perspective but maildir is a battle-tested, accessible, well-understood and interoperable storage format. Bundling everything up behind some bespoke SQL schema might ease performance hurdles but it sucks for everything else.
Try a coffee shop!
Fastmail supports both yourname+foo@example.com and foo@yourname.example.com. I use the latter precisely to avoid the problem of sites that don't play well with plus addresses.
Clearly many people disagree. And given that C now has #embed, I don't even think I'd consider it to be a hack.

> I remain shocked at how controversial this is.

I am a bit shocked that you think the right solution to making data statically available to the rest of your program is somehow outside the scope of the programming language.
Comments aren't semantically meaningful, anyone can strip them out without changing the meaning of the email address.
It makes sense that there wouldn't be a lot of training data that consists of people admitting they don't know - forums like stack overflow wouldn't even permit such a post/comment anyway. So presumably ChatGPT is very heavily weighted against giving "I don't know" as an answer when virtually all the examples of people asking questions in its training data are followed by plausible sounding answers.
AFAIK this circle has stopped working when new organisms evolved that could degrade cellulose ?
Eugh, that might fly in some enterprise contexts but it violates a lot of principles what S/MIME is meant to be used for.

Is there a draft for strict JMAP transport security?
> You can't claim being a "right to work" nation, and prevent anybody from seeking better opportunities through some shady clauses in a contract.

I assume that you mean "at will".

"Right to work" bans closed union shops - employees have the right to join the union or not at their pleasure.
>Lagging demand some amount is probably the easiest way to optimize this.

I actually agree with this to some extent. The point is that we aren't lagging demand from $300K/unit to $400K/unit in dense areas. We've been lagging urban demand for literally 40 years (hell, "developers" were literally a popular villain archetype in media in the 80s-90s), so that we're at $1.5M/unit in some areas with $300K in construction cost and labor.

Because of this, at this point, the profit incentive is so high, that we have local governments trying to extract significant amounts of these profits. This means instead of providing the financial resources to ramp up production capacity, we're actually just disincentivizing production in general.
Glad this has finally happened.

Employer concentration has had a statistically significant negative impact on Wage Growth [0].

The fact that non-competes have spread beyond white collar roles into unskilled roles with nominal IP impact like janitorial work or sandwich making shows it has become an antiquated system.

[0] - https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/wage-stagna...
Figure 4 in https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774 is not hype.
Seems terrible, but maybe that ole biological clock was kicking in and she figured she'd not get a chance in prison? Though she'd seem type to try and to something sociopathic too.
But that’s not ever what you had in React even when using JavaScript class components.
I have more faith in hypothetical future AI than I do our current political leaders.
either this is the next scaremongering or the next lab-made bio-weapon

can't wait to hear this on blast for 5 years
I don't think it's true that the tech is in its infancy. I'd say it's pretty mature by now, reaching a mostly steady state.
Ask HN: Reverse Cloudflare
Is there a service that proxies internet traffic and is capable of caching petabytes of responses? Like a reverse cloudflare, but cached within the datacenter you are accessing it from.

Imagine a job that needs to access the internet and render webpages, but you want to reduce the latency of the webpages.
I found my people at my local climbing gym. I live in a very tech-dominated city and the people at the gym break down into
1. people who work in tech
2. people who work in the medical field
3. students
and the gym caters to that. I've met some great people on the bouldering wall, at yoga classes, or at events hosted by the gym.
So they do not want to ban apps but rather ban the developers. This opens the ocean of abuse of small developers. Thank you very fucking much MS. Hopefully it will fail.
Are there mobile clients for Android and/or iOS?
It will be great to have an alternative to using a big chunk of a Chrome [0] just to be able stream video to a client.

0 - https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/webrtc/
JWs are notorious for 'love bombing' - providing community to those in need most. Then manipulating with the threat of permanently cutting them off. Family. Friends. Everyone.

Latest example:

https://avoidjw.org/news/jehovahs-witnesses-mysteriously-del...

Edit: fixed link
Dunno about older sci-fi, but I'm reminded of the short(~100 pages) story All Tomorrows by Nemo Ramjet where humanity is genetically transformed by an alien civilisation into various other human-ish species across the galaxy, as slaves in a vast empire. Alt Shift X has a good audio version of it on youtube.

It definitely hits an interesting nexus point between existential sci-fi and Lovecraftian horror, highly recommend it.
Ok but like you’re carrying weight right back. Is it really that hard to put a couple of bottles in your car or bike?
I followed up with OP on Twitter, and apparently he's pro se.

https://twitter.com/dpifke/status/1663665211914481667

Amazon filed to quash his deposition subpoena, but that was apparently because they felt that it was premature without more document production. But from the picture of the order he posted, it looks like the judge has already limited the overall scope.
> But, Swift is a higher level language, it's OK if it has some more nuance here and maybe pays a small performance penalty for it.

I thought the concern was about compile time performance? I'm not sure what Swift being higher-level has to do with that.
> go into fastmail settings and create a "sender identity"

Not anymore, they've made it much simpler for you now by combining "aliases" and "sending identities" into "my email addresses". If you thought it was confusing before when you had to click "create new" under "sender identities" in settings, now all you need to do is:

1. Head to Settings → Migration → Import page.

2. Click on Add external sending address (SMTP) without importing emails.

3. Enter the email address and click Next.

4. On the following screen, skip the password prompt and click on Manually configure.

5. Disable the option - User authenticated SMTP when sending.

6. Save the changes.

And just like that you can start sending emails with your new address, easy peasy.
I'm going to guess the problem isn't a "dual use" government export restriction. The VR AF-P 18-55 seems to be a plastic-mount kit lens for consumer DSLRs, though it does have some nice properties.

Could it be an anti gray market diversion effort gone a bit astray? There's a place for those efforts, but I'd think they'd be solving their business problem for new product, and tackling it at the points of their contractual partners. Not product end users.

Many photographers buy&sell used lenses, as they upgrade, experiment, change needs, etc. Photographers get married to proprietary lens systems, partly because they've bought into a particular system, but I've also seen a lot of brand goodwill. (I've had great experiences with Canon professional service, after buying into EF L glass, and also great experience with the Nikon parts service for some vintage strobe repairs I did on the side. I've often used the word "love" when talking about products from both brands.)

I don't understand how messing with the sale of a used entry-level DSLR lens is worth risking alienating photogs to your hard-earned brand and system.
I think it's entirely about ignoring today's actual risks: using AI to continue social discrimination, wealth aggregation and displacing workers (ie, writers guild).

They want large-scale focus to ignore where AI will reinforce power imbalance
If the attacker bgp hijacks the record target they need to also bgp hijack the authoritative server that holds the TLSA record (which the client could verify during an attack).

If the attacker want to bgp hijack the authoritative server they will need to bgp hijack the TLD name servers that holds the DS posts for the authoritative server.

If the attacker want to bgp hijack the TLD name servers they will need to bgp hijack the root server that holds the DS posts for the TLD name servers. This they can't do because the root servers keys are hard coded into revolvers.