skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
tl;dr

Betelgeuse, the closest red giant star to Earth, is exhibiting unusual behavior. Normally, the star cycles between bright and dim states every 400 days. However, between late 2019 and early 2020, it went through a "great dimming" due to a dust cloud that obscured our view of the star. Currently, Betelgeuse is glowing at 150% of its normal brightness and is cycling between bright and dim states every 200 days, which is twice as fast as usual, making it the seventh brightest star in the night sky.

The great dimming was caused by a surface mass ejection of gas and dust, a phenomenon resulting from an anomalously hot convective plume. This ejection, which was several times the mass of Earth's moon, has caused changes in the star's forces and stability.

“If we were to throw one of our arms away from us, it changes the way our forces move in our body. And a similar thing happened with poor Betelguese,” says Webb.

Betelgeuse is anticipated to explode as a supernova in the next 10,000 to 100,000 years.
I'd say that "Spiritual" here stands for the human spirit, rather than some kind religious spirituality. Spirit being everything surpassing mere cognitive actions needed for survival.

The finding (like many other) strongly implies that neanderthals had the ability of abstract thought and creative urges. This should in no way be surprising since neanderthals appear at a quite late and developed stage of the human evolution.

Neanderthals are generally quite an interesting topic, but equally interesting is the approach and prejudice of the scientific community towards them throughout the history. Research on neanderthals has been littered with logical fallacies by researchers who were absolute experts in their field, but refused the idea of neanderthals being a human subspecies or a remotely intelligent or capable one, just because it didn't fit in their personal or religious worldview.

Upon discovery of neanderthals, leading anatomists at the time were like "yup, that's just a disease ridden regular human". More skeletons crop up and it's obvious that they have similar traits all across the world, and they are still going "Yup, so many disease ridden humans, how strange". Only after a whole cave in Vindia was found with more than 100 individuals that the scientific community half-unwillingly conceded that oh well there might have been another (sub)species parallel to homo sapiens. And that opened another can of worms and it's been decades of trying to prove how Neanderthals were intellectually inferior to Homo Sapiens.

Those fallacies still exist today, and happen to very prominent scientists. I recently read a scientific articles from the late nineties by two anatomists who reconstructed the vocal tract of neanderthals to see if they had acoustic ability for spoken language. While their wok on the reconstruction was impeccable, their conclusion was that neanderthals couldn't have evolved spoken language as they could only produce two consonants. Which is a ridiculous conclusion seeing that there are languages today that use two consonants.

So that's why people get worked up about a neanderthals having a flute and why we still have people saying a hyena made it in the comment section. It's totally wild to me how people can be prejudiced and kind of racist toward someone from tens of thousands of years ago.
What to Do When a Coworker Makes More Money Than You (2021)
Do you mean like a technical problem with code or a social/political issue?
hey ee just wanted to say thanks for all your work, you're doing so much for the python ecosystem. genuinely appreciate all you're doing, you're a great example for the rest of us.
Yeah, agreed. Mobile friendliness is definitely the next major update I'm planning on.
I think I like Clojure's Hiccup/Reagent a bit better. It gives you a structure that's basically the same as vanilla HTML, but it uses vanilla Clojure data types and keywords to do it.

Doing this makes testing trivial, and you also don't need to worry about closing tags as much. As far as I can tell, the compilation is fast enough to where the overhead of translating to HTML doesn't seem to take any amount of time.

Plus I just really like Clojure :)
There are two things that are referred to as "fuzzy logic".

The first, is the true fuzzy logic, which consists of Fuzzy Set theory and Fuzzy Measure theory. The two are distinct but interrelated, and heavily mathematical in nature. In particular, Fuzzy Measure theory completely subsumes Probability theory (i.e. probability theory is a strict subset of fuzzy measure theory, and therefore anything that can be expressed in probabilistic terms can be expressed in equivalent fuzzy measure theory terms, with leeway for added generality).

The second, is a class of techniques, based on Fuzzy Set / Fuzzy Measure theory, which implement some very simple behaviours which allow you to solve a particular class of problems. This is the standard Sugeno/Mamdani logic, fuzzy inference as the application of a few straightforward rules for conducting conjunction/disjunction among fuzzy rules.

The first is still thriving, but largely in the theoretical realm.

The second is shunned, on the basis that it feels like a bunch of interpolation heuristics, and a Bayesian approach is usually "better", even if not as intuitive of straightforward.

Unfortunately this has had a self-prophetic impact, in the sense that any literature which would have been better described as fuzzy, is labelled as probabilistic, even if strictly speaking the concepts involved are not strictly-speaking probabilities, but should more correctly have been addressed as fuzzy measures.

Personally I have published papers where I had to "disguise" fuzziness as probability just to get it considered for publication, or where I had to "apologize" for the term, or making it explicit that fuzziness in this context is unrelated to this set of tools that is typically thought of as "the fuzzy approach".

Having said that, one area that is thriving is the use of Fuzzy methods in the context of more general AI / NeuralNetwork methods, particularly in the context of explainability. Type 2 Fuzzy methods in particular (which introduce one or more layers/dimensions of fuzziness/uncertainty over the membership function itself) are quite an active area of research.

Finally, there are some frameworks that borrow heavily from fuzzy theory, but strictly speaking are independent. The one that interested me the most in recent years was "Subjective Logic", proposed by a guy called Audun Jøsang; this sounded like a very interesting logic framework and I was very keen to use it in my work, but in the end I just didn't have the time to justify that investment ... It's worth looking up though. The basic idea is that you have a framework where you have rules that have a built-in way of carrying uncertainty with them, with a one-to-one mapping with beta probabilities over your fuzzy-like rules, and a set of logical operations (which map to the usual logical operators) that are adapted to carry the uncertainty with them. This means that you can reduce your problem into a set of simple logical statements, and the framework would then take care of the uncertainty calculations for you seamlessly.
You're correct that it's the general expectation, but it is possible to select certain elements from the response using `hx-select` [1], so it is possible, just not particularly efficient...

[1] https://htmx.org/attributes/hx-select/
The LISP people were right to make trees essentially a first class data structure.
One approach: try to prove it doesn't have a solution. Would solving the problem entail things that obviously aren't true? Or does it entail things that probably aren't true, forcing you to dig farther about situations where they might be? Attempting to prove impossibility inverts the problem, and lets you act as critic on an argument that you want to be proved false.

This is a common approach to mathematical problems, but it's helped me break down more practical situations too.
Yes it already has. Earth has greened considerably, agriculture, forests have all been boosted the last forty years.

Here chat 4:

Piao, S., Liu, Z., Wang, Y. et al. (2020). Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges. Global Change Biology, 26, 1928–1940. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15004
This review paper discusses the impact of global climate change on plant phenology, which includes effects of elevated CO2 levels.

Zhu, Z., Piao, S., Myneni, R. B., Huang, M., Zeng, Z., Canadell, J. G., ... & Zeng, N. (2016). Greening of the Earth and its drivers. Nature Climate Change, 6(8), 791-795. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3004
This article provides evidence for the 'greening' of the Earth over a period of 33 years, attributing roughly 70% of this greening to increased atmospheric CO2.

Smith, P., House, J. I., Bustamante, M., Sobocká, J., Harper, R., Pan, G., ... & Popp, A. (2016). Global change pressures on soils from land use and management. Global Change Biology, 22(3), 1008-1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13068
This article discusses the effects of global change pressures on soils, including the impacts of increasing CO2.
True but saab would have been bankrupted by the time we got the 9000 Aero undoubtedly
Eh, there are plenty of actual pre-prints you can find on arXiv. Typical flow is you find a paper of interest published elsewhere then search arXiv for the same title, authors, etc. and can even find related work. A lot of publication isn't doing much in terms of genuine peer review but formatting, catching minor errors like grammar, typo, missing references etc. arXiv is great as a legitimate source for valid information tucked behind a paywall. It's not the only option but it's one of them (checking the primary author's personal site, researchgate, or associated research institutions repositories are also there, as well as contacting the author directly).
> When he confronted those students about this, most of them admitted they had cheated; the consequences for their grades are still being determined

> I tell all my students what will happen if I catch them cheating

How do those two statements go together?
There is nothing false in my comment, these abuses of GDPR law happen. You can choose what you want to believe if you want to be ignorant.

"If you actually care about media freedom..." - What kind of comment is that? I just made a case for transparency - and this is your reaction?

You are free to make a sustainable post here about the issues you are bringing up. "State censorship" - yes, that is what I was describing.

Abuse of GDPR laws is the largest threat in the EU right now. I should have been clear that I meant in the EU. Violence against journalism is always the most serious threat, but it is not the largest threat, since it is rare.
Paraphrasing Dune, fear is the mind-killer. It doesn't help to search for alternate points of views or approaches as you are fixed in one possible outcome.

Learning more about the problem and the system where it happens may give a different perspective, a broader point of view, another attack angle. Or, in the worst case, realize that is not that critical, that it can be redefined, or adapt around it.
They'll have a lot of other lawyers for company, then. They're all doing it right now.
Is it cheating to study off of past exams? I really don't understand the professor's perspective here.
Which one is it exactly, please? I'd like to use it.
Companies bribe Glassdoor and those "best places to work" lists with fees, ability to remove negative reviews, etc. Hacker news/Blind/Reddit seem to be better for discussing how its like to work at a company . .. for now
Disagree. Animal training and behavior is a vast field of research humans have studied for hundreds of years. We're not starting from scratch. And we already interact with orcas constantly, based on these reports. It would be straightforward to experiment.

Interacting in any way with the North Sentinel folks is forbidden.
Where specifically in Europe did you see this to be the case?
Inflammation is an immunological reaction. It can be triggered a few different ways. Chronic inflammation is either because of a chronic infection or some sort of immune disorder. Chronic immune disorders don't just stop. They have a trigger and then keep going for the rest of the suffers life at some level. They can be controlled, but they can't be cured. This is because of the way the adaptive immune system works, which produces antibodies. Antibodies do a lot of different things, but one of the things they do is trigger inflammation in the presence of a specific protein. Your body has the capability of producing antibodies for basically any conceivable protein. Once an antibody is triggered, by having cell damage while the antibody is "activated." Your body replicates the B-cell that makes that specific antibody and the antibodies stick around in your blood stream. This is why you become "immune" after getting a vaccine, your body is able to "remember" the antibodies it needs to use in case you catch the real disease. When there is cell damage and the presence of another protein, your body could "remember" the wrong antibody. If it's environmental, this is an allergy. If it's from your own body, making the antibody attack some component of its own body, it's an autoimmune disorder. Once triggered, there's no known way to reverse that negative association. Immune disorders are also incredibly difficult to diagnose.
Nah, the professor isn't in the wrong. A study guide was provided, the school disallows looking at other tests, and he told the students not to cheat-- and the consequences. I don't agree that there is nuance here.
So Glassdoor is running a sort of (reputation) protection racket against employers while simultaneously running a potential honey pot against employees. Brilliant.
> Even NPR are deteriorating. For example, this aged extremely poorly: https://twitter.com/NPRpubliceditor/status/13192811012239400...

It did not. Even a Republican-led investigation didn't find any wrongdoing [1]. Not every bullshit conspiracy claim of the far right warrants an investigation - their entire modus operandi is running a continuous "firehose of falsehood" stream [2], and media reporting on each and every of their claims like a bunch of flies swarming around a pile of poo is actually dangerous to society.

When the far right manages to create absurd amount of media attention for nothing substantial every time they open their mouths, then there's no airtime left to report on stuff that actually matters.

[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/10/us/politics/hunter-biden-...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood
"Is Earth in danger if Betelgeuse goes supernova?" - https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/earth-dange...
Honestly, the only UX enhcncement I'd like to see on HN desktop website is this:

* Limit the display length of individual text groups to be 60-80 characters.

Everything else is grand.
Its the first place I'm sending my shelter vent seeking drones so don't bother.
Many have noticed that the more useful a job is to society the less it pays.

People seem to have a weird expectation that if you want to work on something useful you should expect to be paid well below market rates. (In this case, 50-70% below market!)

Why? I can think of no system of ethics that says someone working on addictive mobile games should be making more than the CEO of wikipedia, but that's exactly what's happening. And still people are mad about it! Apparently suckers who want to do something nice for society should do it for free.
This is false. There is no such thing as a "CCS" connector. Europe uses CCS2, which is just as incompatible with CCS1 as NACS is.
"meme" was coined by Richard Dawkins in the 70s and sharks with lasers is a mid-90s joke from austin powers.
I think one of the reason is most non uber wealthy people are putting a hold on car purchases right now until EV prices go down.

We are in a huge transition phase, with lots of inflation everywhere. For most people EV are still too expensive or inconvenient [1] and they don't want to buy a new ICE car or start a 5y leasing on a car they may soon not be allowed to use wherever they want.[2] Also they fear they won't be able to resell it. It makes more sense to keep that old, already well depreciated old car or buy a fairly recent second hand ICE, hybrid or EV that has already depreciated a lot.

My only non muscular vehicle right now is an ICE motorbike. There is no way I can afford an EV car and I don't want to deal with an ICE car I won't be able to sell for more than scrap value when EV prices will go down.

[1] if don't have parking space at home.

[2] many big cities have started banning diesel cars in center, will probably do the same for gasoline soon. ICE cars will soon become unsellable.
George Takei is a wonderful, intelligent, hilarious, inspirational, talented human being, and it's fantastic to see him receiving so much recognition and love and career opportunity at 65, 75, and now 85 years old.

Instead of Star Trek being the apex of his career or life, it's now just one part of an immensely well-lived life.
I think there’s a difference between looking at an old exam and its answers, figuring out why each was right and wrong, and learning from it, and just finding an exam online and using the answer key as your answer in a test because you couldn’t be bothered learning.
Or spit in its food so no one else grabs it.
What use case does a minivan solve that a VW ID BUZZ does not?

I guess it's technically not a minivan(?), but it's not very far from it!
We stop teaching EDSL design, we disparage EDSLs as unreadable and opaque in favour of “just” using the host language, we use host languages that are at best awkward at EDSLs, then when “many people” encounter a problem that calls for an EDSL it turns out they don’t have the knowledge to recognize it as such.

Seems fair.
Always wanted a lighthouse? US is giving some away, selling others at auction
Also seems fine to me. I'm not even sure why anyone would be defending the cheaters by making this out to be unethical.
A Technical Film Report on Project Deep Ops (1972) [video]
Step away from it, do something else. I find my mind will process it in the background. After a day or so, I may be ready to tackle it.
The official recommendations to sailors is: Shut off the engine, take down the sails, make no sound, wait.

What sailors will admit they do but not tell anyone: Dump a bit of diesel or petrol in the water around the boat to scare away the orcas.

There are also some new gadgets available to make high pitched sounds that humans can't hear but scare away orcas (and dolphins, unfortunately) but no idea if they work well.
Because it was scala and not JS?
"Captain, they've escaped."
"How?"
"Drove into freshwater"
I was actually to old. I was 30 when I enrolled. And there was some rule to become TA you must be under 30. It was a long time ago.
"If you get caught cheating, there will be serious consequences, ranging from X to Y. The decision will be made by the board together with the ethics committee."
Probably it's got something to do with the Great Collapsing Hrung Disaster
Legendary maker Jimmy DiResta once mentioned in the Making It podcast (which I can recommend by the way!) how his process was with an example that I really liked.

He had gotten some new heavy machine, some 400 pound stuff, that he needed to put down in the basement.

He had no idea how he'd get it down the stairs, but he started pushing it closer, since that got the problem closer to a solution. He'd figure the stairs later, once the machine was on the edge.

It's simple, but I found it insightful.

When I'm faced with a problem and am not sure how to solve it or if it's actually solvable, I think of how a solution would look like and start making small steps in that direction, hoping to get elucidated later on :-)
> My work has 480V 3-phase for our SMT line. We have permanently-installed charge stations on that 3-phase service.

Are all three phases even being sent to the electric cars? The J1772 only supports a single phase.
not strictly true I think

- you could add new units throughout and train those while freezing existing units (adapter-based fine-tuning)

- you could train all units and use e.g. low-rank adaptation to limit how much they can change

- you could do prefix tuning and train an input to add at every layer

see e.g. - https://lightning.ai/pages/community/article/understanding-l...
Is a single individual "the press"? I could see heavy press restrictions with political officers and commercial interests supervising newsrooms and having editorial veto, while individual people are able to spout whatever they feel like into the aether at large.
> who recently caught 40 of the 96 students [...] cheating

That 40 is reported suspected, by one individual. The same individual claims that only 2/3 of those were admitted at time of writing.

Also, suspicion was by only a 1:100 coincidence probability standard of evidence, and by some imperfect metric. IMHO, that threshold would be too low to "prove" guilt in such a potentially serious matter (negative mark on student record, reputational damage among college social and professional networking peers, and potentially including suspension or expulsion).
Along with the surveillance to make it practicable.
> Abuse of GDPR laws is the largest threat in the EU right now.

While abuse of the GDPR by public authorities does happen, this statement is still not true. What they are mostly abusing is related to alleged security issues and over-interpretation of the laws governing confidentiality of information. In fact, the GDPR has substantially improved mishandling of citizens' data by public authorities, although there is still much to improve.
The XY Problem is real, but any literal reference to "The XY Problem" in the context of an answer is typically douchebaggery in disguise.
If you have at least a masters degree (bachelors in some states), it's not terribly difficult to get an adjunct lecturer job. You're generally committed for a whole semester, but that's basically it.
I hate articles filled with meandering fluff. The answer is buried 3/4 of the way down the page, and it's "No, it's too far away".
I mean, apart from a few kidnapped ones in the 1800's, few Sentinelese have ever interacted with the rest of us.

Human-Orca contact, on the other hand, is relatively common.
It wasn't clever to do this in London. UK is the lackey of the US
> Strict structural containment [...] requires that every element and attribute start and end in the same template. This assumption is violated by several very common idioms, such as the header-footer idiom in ways that often require drastic changes to repair.

Similarly, structured programming makes assumptions that are violated by common idioms such as unrestricted GOTO statements jumping all across your tangled spaghetti code.

Maybe the header-footer idiom is not a good idiom.
Planning a new, modern and stable NewPipe
That's what I have been doing for years — but using Brother. Most boring printers ever. They just sit there and print when you need them to. From a Mac, from an iPhone, doesn't matter, they just do the job. No drama.
All hail to freedom of the press, but then comes Corona and the freedom of the press is just a theory.
I don't think I need the two-column layout, but I really wish HN supported that dark mode! Without an extension, that is. It looks beautiful.
I'd really love to see major space event like Beetlegeuse blowing up during my insignificant life-span
> When there is cell damage and the presence of another protein, your body could "remember" the wrong antibody.

I'm skeptical of this part. Aren't there always a huge number of proteins present in the body when cell damage occurs? For example, if I get a cold, and I eat chicken soup to prevent it, according to your explanation, I could develop antibodies for chicken soup. This doesn't seem to happen significantly often.
Just Cars (Turn Cc On)