skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The fix here doesn't seem to be later start times, it would be earlier bed times. While societies and technology can change quickly, bodies do not change quickly. Study after study has shown that matching your sleep patterns to the sun has massive benefits. These are both physical and mental health benefits.

The problem would seem to be that students seem to be going to bed at 1:00 a.m. and of course they're so exhausted that their body doesn't know how to sleep because it missed its sleep cycle. What in the world are they teaching in these schools If they're not teaching a basic biology and how the body clock works. We only need to look at the simple studies of swing shift and night shift workers that have greater health problems. We know our bodies have evolved to be in time with the Sun.

So I don't get why the same schools will cry about following the science on all kinds of weird issues but seem to ignore it on this very basic simple one. The proposed solution is to ignore the science and further exacerbate the problems that come with failing to properly sleep.

Now obviously there are some parts of the world where there are simply not enough daylight hours to properly clock your body to the Sun. These are the exceptions and not the rules most areas of the world this works out really well. Even in areas of the world close to the equator where you have about equal day night. It is very easy to get into the rhythm of resting when the sun goes down and then waking up to do other things and then resting again before the sun comes up. History shows us this was a typical sleep cycle for people who lived in those areas.
I'm in the US
Decoding OpenAI Evals
> There would be no atmospheric scattering

Kind of by definition if something is -sonic then it's in the atmosphere. There would be less scattering but there would definitely be some on the target end.
Debian only ships free software (in main, but that's a detail).

This is actually enforced and there is processes in place to ensure that it stays that way.

This means that all new software that Debian packages is audited by a group of volunteers, the ftp-masters team, they check copyright, license and stuff like that.

If all binaries in Debian would vendor all of their dependencies, this would cause a lot extra and duplicated work for the ftp-masters, a team that already have a lot to do.

Same with security, if a popular go library needs to be patched to fix a security problem, then it's easier to do that in one place instead of patching it in N different binary packages.
Well, it does exist but it’s premise is twisted and unclear. Dodge v Ford established such a duty exists but over time (as discussed in the article you linked) it’s been interpreted as a duty to the long benefit of shareholders. Dodge v Ford hinges on the fact Ford stopped paying dividends to pay his workers and that it was an enrichment of the employees at the expense of the equity holder. That’s been twisted around but never fully dismissed or accepted. But you can see shareholder value lawsuits all the time. However it’s a common law civil duty, not like a financial manager fiduciary responsibility that can bear criminal teeth.
So to stretch the analogy to its limits, what if you have someone who lives directly across the freeway from you, and a neighbor whose house is next to the overpass that lets you cross the freeway.
See also:

https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2014...

> "This fossil fuel trade, which has soared under President Barack Obama, threatens to undermine his strategy to reduce the gases blamed for global warming. It also reveals a little-discussed side effect of countries acting alone on a global issue. As the U.S. tries to set a global example by reducing demand for fossil fuels at home, American energy companies are sending more dirty fuels than ever to other parts of the world, exports worth billions of dollars every year."

Ultimately, there would have to be something like steep tariffs or an outright ban on the international fossil fuel trade, which is pretty hard to imagine in today's economy. The two-faced posturing of certain politicians on this issue is kind of irritating, and is not any different in substance from the outright denialism promoted by other politicians.
I intentionally violate this RFC for workstations and laptops. Some applications leak client hostnames to remote servers. I prefer to keep it bland. For public servers I would say I am in alignment and would only add I keep server names and domain names programmatic, short and simple enough for anyone inebriated to type. It's worked out well thus far.

uname -n
localhost
I've seen many on the campus of Elon University.
don't get me started on the calculator that doesn't understand 1.23 and 1,23 are the same and instead of just using it, silently ignores the input when pasting it in from somewhere else -- and no, you can't change this setting without changing your computer's region settings.
I'd go even further and say that modals make sense in almost any context where there's some underlying state whether it's a game, form, or even just scroll position in a forum thread.

And I don't see why the modal needs to be limited to quick jobs like inline edits. It could be the place where the bulk of the tasks are done.

Modals done well can remove anxiety and uncertainty from the user.

One example that comes to mind having just bought plane tickets is that the plane ticket flow could be an underlying all-on-one-page UI (flight -> seats -> payment) where each section opens as a form modal on top of that state. You can close modals, open previous sections, edit completed sections, where the modals communicated that you're not losing state by navigating between forms. One of the best UX aspects of the modal is seeing the underlying state behind it and behind able to click out of the modal to return to it.

Meanwhile, when buying tickets 30 min ago, the airline website had a sequence of pages where, I found out, going back to make an edit on a previous page reset the state of the subsequent pages. Obviously they could improve that without modals, but modals communicate state preservation by their nature.

Modals get too much hate just because they can be done poorly. Most UX is done poorly and that's not a reason to wash your hands of it.
I had one of these devices and the user experience was superb. Essentially you got all the benefits of a home email server without the headaches.

You also (and many people could not wrap their heads around this) didnt give up privacy for your emails - Helm provided you an IP and proxy (via ec2) but assuming TLS protected SMTP connections (most are these days), inbound mail was protected with a cert that lived on your device, and outbound protected by the cert of the server you were sending to.

The home server was configured using a smartphone app but they kept choices to a minimum and made the setup process quite painless - adding my Helm to my iPhone was one click and one authorization IIRC and on my Mac similar (my linux laptop was only slightly more complicated).

You could put N domains and N users on the box - there were probably some upper limits there but I ever hit them. I had multiple domains and accounts though and it worked smoothly.

On the consumer side, I always found the biggest issue was trying to explain to people how it all worked. The people who cared about privacy tended to be skeptical that a pre-boxed home server with an ec2 proxy could be truly private, while everyone else didn't want to give up the convenience of gmail and webmail (oh ya, it offered no webmail - not a problem for me but I think some people definitely went to Protonmail instead because they prefer webmail, even though Protonmail unlike Helm can see all your email that is not Proton<>Proton or GPG encrypted).

But reading this, it seems pretty clear demand was way less of an issue than the supply side - Giri here has multiple stories of getting screwed over by contract manufacturers. Oy. It was a heroic effort at privacy tech and I was pretty bummed to see it fail.

Giri if you're reading this, thank you and your team for trying so hard. I loved the product and the spirit (rare in the Valley) of embracing privacy in a constructive, positive, non defeatist way. This was an extraordinary product on many levels.
The New Bunny.net Experience
On your points:

1. Yes, with analogue signals, given equal ERP (Effective Radiated Power) levels, FM modulation breaks down with a ''cliff effect'' (suddenly) while AM blasts on. Typically, on the receiver end as the range increases, an FM Radio stereo signal will drop to mono for a while, then just disappear even if a carrier is still detected in a sensitive signal meter. With HD Radio digital FM, weak signal will cause an abrupt loss of any subchannel(s) and reversion to only analogue before the cliff effect takes place. Again, analogue AM signals barrel on until they simply diffuse into the background noise. HD Radio digital AM signals drop to analogue as the range increases, which is why none of them are run digital-only.

2. Yes, AM band signals bounce around a bit in the evening sky, so AM Radio stations often have nighttime power reductions specified in their licenses. The FM Radio band can experience its own effects like tropospheric ducting (see any number of radio and TV DXing sites for much deeper info) but with nowhere near the predicatability and stability of strong AM signals being bounced.

3. Yep. See the crystal radio and ferrite coil comments elsewhere in this thread.

Other:

Regarding the modulation being transmitted on a particular band, it has a lot to do with tolerance of interference. A perfect example comparing FM and AM on the same band is when the North American analogue TV standard NTSC was being devised, which originally used all AM modulation, but the audio portion of the signal was found to be so disrupted by the video portion that the relatively new FM modulation was used for the audio instead. In AM radio there is only just the audio, so in effect the problems of interference at the source are gone and pushed out to the receiver end as being an accepted norm. It used to be common for charging and ignition systems of cars and trucks that were of the old breaker point type to generate clicking, tapping, and whining on the AM band (the title of Frank Zappa's ''Dinah-Moe Humm'' is a reference to the problem of dynamo or magneto noise from DC generators) but shielding, AC alternators, and the use of condensers and better materials by the automakers solved those problems. Home AM radios would pick up refrigerator solenoid clicks and other such noises, which could be very problematic in apartment blocks, but again better shielding and other techniques in consumer electric devices were soon practiced. Nevertheless, environmental interference on the AM radio band has always been a problem to this day. FM radio has its own problems with interference, but typically in congested urban areas in which ''picket fencing'' from large structures can occur. Digital radio, like iBiquity's IBOC HD Radio system, uses error correction and buffering to combat such interference problems. So, you could transmit either AM or FM modulation on your signal on a given band, but you'd better be ready for the interference consquences of each.
I have access to JSTOR; which paper you want?
I have a first-initial-last-name gmail address.

Over a period of years, it became basically unusable. A dozen or more people with the same first-initial-last-name have typo'd my email address into enough systems that the volume of crap coming in—some unsolicited stuff that gets through gmail's increasingly-useless spam filters, some technically solicited, just not by me—is high enough that keeping up with it's just not worth it.
Just curious about the car maintenance, do you think it is something younger people will not get to experience as much?

I am not super familiar with newer cars, but it seems there is a lot more software in there, and I am wondering if that makes it much harder or impossible to fix some of the newer cars.
This is much more true in the American system than single payer systems. But absolutely, this is an industry where the incentives are misaligned and the patient suffers.
On the flip side, having a desk job can also ruin your body unless you make a good effort to get up and move or exercise frequently. For some of us it's easier to get exercise if you have to for your job.
Apple's flagship announcement is the company intentions to make the iPhone notch smaller. This will be boon for developers.
I think $44.9 billion/year is about the current cost to build enough solar and wind electricity generation to cover 100% of US peak consumption in only 10 years (construction costs for both today are about $1/watt). That's a pretty big amount all things considered.
The original Transformer wasn’t user in an LLM.
Permalinking has worked since Netscape 1.0 w/o any code from the developer. Why fight the system?
In the commonly understood way, orbitally, Venus definitely is Earth's closest neighbor.

I appreciate pedantry as much as the next person, and it's an interesting article, but this article article and the approach outlined would not aid survival to an interplanetary colonist. They could enjoy being technically correct in the short remainder of their life, while being carbonized. And to follow up pedants, I am well aware of surface conditions on Venus.
They tried to do this to my father a few weeks ago.

The first doctor he saw at the emergency room told him his only option is open heart surgery. He explicitly told us to not waste time getting second opinions.

Thankfully we did not listen and we were able to consult with two different cardiologists. They both independently said that they could easily treat him with an angioplasty.
I'm not saying IP should not exist. You don't have to legalize piracy. Piracy is not a good thing.

Piracy does not offer a better product because it's free. Pirating is actually an awful experience for most people, involving shady sites, malicious ads, and a serious risk of malware. Once you get through all that, however, you've got a video file of whatever quality you prefer, that you can play in whatever way you prefer, that won't disappear based on some contract you are not party to.

Some people pirate media because they don't want to spend any money on it. You're not going to get those people to pay. Lots of other people are willing to spend money on media. For those people either the product they want is not for sale, or they are punished every step of the way for their willingness to pay.

In the days of DVD it was unskippable anti-piracy warnings, only seen by people paying for DVDs. Now it's the proliferation of streaming services with different exclusive content. It's their unavoidable software that's somewhere between bad and thoroughly broken. It's limiting video quality to 720p/480p on platforms that aren't sufficiently infected with DRM. It's content getting deleted from streaming services, either because of their license expiring or the service deciding it doesn't want to pay residuals anymore. It's the fact that DRM-free media is not for sale in the first place.
Too cheap to meter, finally!

Go nuclear.
Modal windows can be used for views that don't constitute a "resource" or correspond to a domain entity:

Alerts
Confirmation dialogs
Forms for creating/updating entities
> The article begins by referring to Russia using Hypersonic missiles against Ukraine, and then goes into detail about what defenses are necessary to defend against these weapons.

The article explicitly states, one paragraph later than the beginning, that "about half of that is just plain wrong".

The author also explains the hypersonic missiles are nothing new, that they are old tech, and that the real threat would be maneuverable hypersonic missiles, which the Khinzal is not. The Khinzal is ballistic.

So when the author writes of the threat of maneuverable hypersonics, and you say "The non-ballistic variety that Russia claimed was unstoppable [...]", you are both speaking of different kinds of weapons with different capabilities. The Khinzal is old tech for which there are counters. The author is speaking of newer tech for which there are fewer counters.
> consume exists so that many algorithms can be implemented cheaply on ARM and POWER without requiring an expensive load-load barrier on the consumer side

No? Those algorithms can be implemented cheaply already on every architecture BUT Alpha! You just don't use a barrier there, because none is needed. The only reason we're even talking about consume is becasue alpha exists and requires a barrier instruction on dependent loads. No alpha, no consume. QED.

Again I repeat: the attempt to obscure this and pretend that features like "consume" are first class theoretic entities unconnected to hardware is IMHO really, really hurting people's ability to understand this subject. It's not like that, it's a hack. Call it a hack to support a legacy architecture and then people will understand why it's there. Pretend that all possible[1] designs for ordering synchronization would require "consume" and you'll have everyone tied up in arguments like this trying to understand what it's for.

[1] Which is impossible, obviously. I do much of my day job on an architecture with an incoherent cache where NONE of these silly toys work to solve ordering issues, because they're aimed at a different layer of the stack.
Yeah I still can't understand the point of requiring GPU for terminals.

What webgpu needed is graphics drawing applications are most graphics drawing apps on web are still using canvas 2d or SVG, not even webgl.

If we are to build a graphic heavy tool like figma - all choices we have are mostly SVG.
I think one lesson from this war has been that ammunition stockpiles of all kinds will be depleted quickly in a widespread conventional conflict with China, and that replacement production would need to be drastically scaled up across all systems (from tank ammunition, to artillery, and air defense missiles).

And difference of how many China “can” make in a month and how many Patriot missiles Lockheed “is” making in a month are very different questions. How many missiles could Lockheed make in a month given 3 months lead time in a conflict with China? I bet it’s significantly more than we are currently making now.
Never Hated Anything More Than Shutting Down My YC Startup
I went through YC in 2018. I had visions of running a trillion-dollar startup and surfing with Zuck into the sunset.

Over 4 years, I had built 2 startups. We sold one but had to shut down the other.

After finally calling it quits, I was burnt out. All I wanted was a clean break, but instead, what I got was a metric ton of the world’s worst chores.

It was the never-ending long tail of dissolution. Another email to our lawyers, doc to sign, government to pay, service to cancel, asset to liquidate, tax form to file. It was like being anchored to a manipulative ex who wouldn’t let me move on.

I just wanted to dissolve a company that no longer “existed” (at least in my mind). Genuinely just wanted closure from the whole thing.

In the end, the dissolution process took over 6 months of my life to complete.

I’ve sat with this pain/frustration for a while. At one of my lowest points in life, this process kept knocking me down further.

Hence me writing this — I'm helping out a few YC founders shut down their startups. Some clear flaws with this being a potential business (not recurring revenue, insolvent companies, etc.) but have been enjoying helping out founders who were in the same position I was in.

Wanted to get HNs thoughts on this - what do y'all think? Did you have to shut down a startup before? And if so, what was your process like?

I threw up a quick landing page to learn a little bit more about what I'm playing around with here: https://www.sunsethq.co/
We have Bitcoin for that.
Nice, I've seen similar setups like this with Go before. Maybe that's the better way to do it, use a proper language instead of yamls for config.
Someone I know pulled off some pretty big career changes: from a sound engineer working in windowless rooms, to a professional gardener, then to a software engineer. After several years working full time mainly outdoors as a gardener - including through the winters - they were looking forwards to working indoors again. And the pay was much better in software. So while some of us stuck in the office might gaze out the window on a sunny day and daydream about having a job out there in the fresh air, it can go the other way too.

There's several people here commenting that physical work can be refreshing and rewarding compared to office jobs, but often that's only in a part-time or volunteer capacity. I can attest to it being a nice change, but only ever as a part-time project. I would guess anything you do full time long-term will some time or another feel a bit of a grind. Manual work in particular can take a serious physical toll over the years, and being mostly sat down indoors for your job can end up being tempting too. I also know a couple of musicians who are perpetually on the road, and it's not always a glamorous globetrotting lifestyle - one said they mostly see highways and airports. But then there are great gigs too.

I think there's probably no such thing as a perfect job. That's not to say a change can't be refreshing or worthwhile though! Perhaps it's just that after many years most people eventually get a bit tired of whatever they're doing, and then the grass can look greener on the other side.
If you start as an analyst in Investment Banking at bulge bracket bank (the same hiring pool as for Google APM program and similar), you fall into one of two categories.

1. The coat-rider who sees everyone doing and how can the consensus be wrong. If you read Liar's Poker by Michael Lewis, the first few chapters document his experience at Princeton in the early 80s. It's just the fashionable thing to do.

2. The ones that hope to pivot somewhere in year 2-3 to Private Equity or the Hedge fund space. After a few more years, your hours and stress dramatically improve and you earn life-changing amounts of money (1M+ USD) on a yearly basis if you are good. Very few make it this far though. Many burn out and end up in other corporate finance roles.

Group 1 moved to tech and will slowly move back to high-finance.
https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/0*Y4G...

Does that work?
I definitely feel for the people getting laid off...

But hear me out, I think this is going to be a good thing for those people and the economy.

The achievers that are getting laid off now have the opportunity, or are forced, to take that risk to start their own thing and create tremendously more value to the world than they would have at Meta. Alternatively, they could take their tremendous skills to industries and sectors that could really use them and make transformative changes there.
I'm suggesting that the execs in charge of these decisions are perhaps not approaching the issue rationally.
The article is not inconsistent with this.
I've been getting calls and texts for "Victoria" for literally 5-6 years now. She apparently has been going through forclosure, so I get spam calls trying to buy the house. I know no one named Victoria and have never owned a house.
While this is true, they do occasionally backport some stuff from newer kernels (usually for security reasons). This looks like a reasonably easy-to-backport patch, assuming the code hasn't been refactored since Ubuntu pinned their kernel version for a release of choice.