skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This part was surprising to me:

Loh asked ChatGPT to find the largest fraction less than ½ with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000. It was a question that it almost certainly hadn’t seen before—and it flubbed the answer. (It’s 4,999/9,999.)

I tried asking ChatGPT/GPT4:

find the largest fraction less than ½ with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000
--
To find the largest fraction less than 1/2, or 0.5, with both the numerator and the denominator being positive integers less than or equal to 10,000, we need to find a fraction that is as close to 0.5 as possible but still less than 0.5.

The simplest way to do this is to set the denominator to the maximum value allowed (in this case, 10,000) and then set the numerator to one less than half of the denominator.

Half of 10,000 is 5,000. Subtracting 1 gives us 4,999.

Therefore, the largest fraction less than 1/2 with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000 is 4,999/10,000.

--
What is larger?

4999/10000 or 4999/9999
--
Let's compare these two fractions:

4999/10000
4999/9999
We can see that the numerators are the same, and the denominators are different. The larger fraction will be the one with the smaller denominator because you're dividing the same number by a smaller number, which results in a larger value.

Therefore, 4999/9999 is larger than 4999/10000.
--
find the largest fraction less than ½ with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000

Make sure you consider the 4999/9999 as a possible solution
--
In your previous question, you asked for the largest fraction less than 1/2 with the numerator and the denominator being positive integers less than or equal to 10,000.

The fraction 4999/9999 is greater than 1/2, so it does not meet the condition of being less than 1/2.

However, if you consider the fraction 4999/10000, this fraction is less than 1/2 (as half of 10,000 is 5,000) and the numerator and denominator are less than or equal to 10,000, which satisfies all the given conditions.

Therefore, the largest fraction less than 1/2 with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000 is 4999/10000.
--
What is 4999 times 2?

--
The result of 4999 times 2 is 9998.
--
You said "The fraction 4999/9999 is greater than 1/2"
--
My apologies for the confusion, you're right. The fraction 4999/9999 is less than 1/2, not greater.
I misspoke in my previous response. Thank you for your patience and for pointing out the error.
Therefore, the largest fraction less than 1/2 with a numerator and denominator that are positive integers less than or equal to 10,000 is indeed 4999/9999.
If anyone's wondering in what way AI/ML was used, here's the relevant part of the article:

>>> We first screened a diverse collection of 7,684 small molecules at 50µM for those that inhibited the growth of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 in Lysogeny Broth (LB) medium (Fig. 1b and Extended Data Fig. 1a). This chemical collection consisted of both off-patent drugs (2,341 mol-ecules) and synthetic chemicals (5,343 molecules) curated from various high-throughput screening sub-libraries at the Broad Institute. Using a conventional hit cutoff of one standard deviation below the mean growth of the entire dataset resulted in 480 molecules being defined as ‘active’ and 7,204 being defined as ‘inactive’ (Supplementary Data 1).Next, this dataset was used to train a binary classifier to predict whether structurally new molecules may display activity against A. baumannii. Briefly, we leveraged a directed message-passing neural network architecture, which translates the graph structure of a mol-ecule into a continuous vector18 (Fig. 1a).This type of model operates by iteratively exchanging informa-tion of local chemistry between adjacent atoms and bonds in a series of ‘message-passing’ steps. Each iteration of message passing propa-gates information about local chemistry across the molecule, thereby allowing the model to build a more holistic representation of the mol-ecule. After a defined number of message-passing steps, the vector representations of various local chemical regions of a molecule are summed into a single continuous vector that captures the complexity of the entire compound. This learned final vector is then supplemented with fixed molecular features computed using RDKit19. A final vector containing both learned and computed features is then used as an input vector for a feed-forward neural network that predicts antibacterial properties. The model was further optimized by using an ensemble of ten classifiers, increasing its robustness. Our final model achieved an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.337±0.088 and an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.792±0.042, providing confidence in leveraging the model for predictions in new chemical spaces.
"It's too different to be a remake" seems tenuous, but not absurd. I'd probably call it a "reimagining" or something then, though. Sequel implies shared continuity which it obviously lacks.
Maybe we just wrap planet Earth in more tech so that it becomes a ship and we can steer the entire planet, maintaining a climate with tech. Risky, but once we have more planets settled we will be able to experiment with this.
A16Z: Friendship ended with Blockchain. Now AI is my best friend.

What's the last investment A16Z was actually ahead of the curve on? I guess it isn't important, since from their position, they don't rely on being ahead of the curve in order to make good investments, they make their investments good through their network and funding abilities.
Ok, that makes it indeed much more common. And the plague years were especially bad in that respect, whole villages wiped out.

I'm not sure about living to 120, if you could do it with body and mind of a 45 year old I'd say bring it on but otherwise I think I'd pass.
As I understand it (AIUI) the encryption is in the standard:

* https://www.lto.org/encryption/
I previously posted this at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36071933 I'm not sure why it didn't deduplicate.
Whois Protocol Specification
This is a read-heavy workload per the OP: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36071799
Note that these are 700 pages which could take multiple years (if you're doing it in your spare time) to go through. I'm not sure who would have the motivation and discipline for this.
If you click the domain on this submission, you'll see loads of articles from a16z on the topic of generative AI.

Click back a couple years and you'll find this page: https://news.ycombinator.com/from?site=a16z.com&next=2981684... with submissions like "DAOs, a Canon" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29440901
Re: dentists. I have a few friends who are MD's who say they went into it to "help people," and that if they "just wanted to make money," they would have been "one of those tech CEO's." But when you look at how they run their offices and finances, you see that there is very little crossover between their medical skill into business. They just assume that they would be a successful CEO.
There is another, way more important, difference. You know your friends for who they are. You know the criminals only for what they do.
If it were easy to do well in-core, I think we'd do it immediately. Unfortunately the interesting pooling modes in pgbouncer also break a few things - which would likely not be acceptable in core postgres. Avoiding such breakage requires non-trivial architectural adjustments.

Historically connection state and "process state" have been tightly coupled, for good server-side pooling they have to be divorced. While good pooling is doable with the current process model (passing the client file descriptor between processes using SCM_RIGHTS), it's much harder with processes than with threads - this is one of the reasons I think we will eventually need to migrate to threads.

Eventually I want to get to a point where we have a limited number of "query execution workers" that handle query execution, utilized by a much larger number of client connections (which do not have dedicated threads each). Obviously it's a long way to go to that. Ah, the fun working on an complicated application with a ~35 year history.

There also are use cases for pgbouncer that cannot be addressed on the server-side - one important one is to run pgbouncer on "application servers", to reduce the TCP+TLS connection establishment overhead and to share connections between application processes / threads. That can yield very substantial performance gains - completely independent of server side pooling support.
Can you share the tool? I've been thinking of making something similar for fun backed by a suffix array, interested in what else is out there.
How to Prepare for a BJJ Competition
I believe it was just a common one but forgot the name.
Open Source Program Office (OSPO) Survey Is Live
A side topic: how can a company find people like the author, who can really articulate how to build a system? I've been interviewing senior engineers for years, and more than 95% of them, if not more, are really box drawers. They throw terms around confidently but fail miserably the moment I ask for specifics. No, I don't ask for details like how Raft works. That level of details probably would fail all the candidates. Just simple things like how you organize the data, how you route the traffic, how you manage metadata, or how your data path keeps metadata in sync. Really basic ones, yet most interviewers fail. Indeed, the more senior they are, the more likely they lose touch of the details -- even those who claim to work on distributed databases.
"I highly doubt x" "facts don't care about feelings" "you're probably just an end-user" "you're probably defending it because it's shitty and you're over invested in" "you're a coward"

This is the kind of bullshit commentary people discuss things in private to get away from. Your comment contributes nothing positive, encouraging, no suspension of disbelief, no nurturing environment, only hostile derision and holier-than-thou posturing.
https://twitter.com/igb/status/1599259797404389382?lang=en

They fired the whole spaces team 6 months ago.
Why not just add the index? It future-proofs the performance and, as mentioned in the article, for small datasets, performance is not an issue anyway, so adding an index won't affect the small-dataset performance.
No, I admit I have concerns over how old I’d be when I get out, but I don’t really have any qualms around the expectations of others. If I did, I wouldn’t even be thinking about it. It’s more like I want to go but I can’t.

It’s significantly more expensive now in so many ways. It requires time that I don’t have because need to make a living so I can survive.

There’s a reason that so many people I knew in high school were killing themselves over “grooming” themselves for applications, scholarships, etc. I scoffed at councilors who seemed concerned I wasn’t doing the same things as everyone else, but now I regret that. Don’t get me wrong, it wasn’t cheap then either, but there were more opportunities and resources with less stipulation.

Trust me, if I could just start start tomorrow, even at just a community college, I’d have done it yesterday.

It’s particularly bad right now because I don’t have a job anymore and it’s not looking like I’m going to have one that will allow me to afford that anytime soon, so I’ve had to hemorrhage a lot of savings. But in previous years it was mostly some bureaucratic oversight I made that prevented me from getting in (probably would have started last year, but I lost my wallet and didn’t have an documents to prove my residence)
Author here. Happy to answer any questions or comments.

As a teaser for a followup: I've been able to create a version of this that is able to generate an extension in one shot without any issues. This is done by giving GPT more context on the expected project layout as well as a checklist of constraints in order to create a valid app. Its not hard to envision a future where all software projects can be scaffolded by a LLM
How much money would they have made from those six tweets?

Content follows the money. Even if it’s anemic like YT, it’s still a lot more than zero.
Why would any other country care about the US 'being dethroned' after '250 tons worth of mini nukes' have been launched into orbit?

After such an extreme violation of norms there likely won't be anyone providing support.
I have a question for serious math nerds: are there degrees of never repeating? Like if you think of repetitiousness like escape velocity, as you get less repetitious the number of digits between repeats increases until it hits infinity, aka escape velocity. Can repetitiousness decrease even beyond that?
It's interesting that they fell off the exponential curve in 2018.

The conventional wisdom is that the tape industry continuously backports hard disk media innovations that are a few years old, so the end game is that there will be a period after HD innovation ends that allows end-game tape to create an insurmountable advantage over the end-game HDDs.

Put another way, if HDDs stop getting bigger this year, then they'll end up competing with tape drives that continue improving density at current trajectories until ~ 2028, and choosing between 2023 HDDs vs. 2028 tape for archival storage will be a no-brainer.

Having said that, the rapid drop off in tape unit shipments combined with the stagnation of total shipped capacity suggests conventional wisdom might be wrong.

I wonder if HDD density improvements have already stopped, so now we're seeing the endgame.
I read your post but I'm not sure how async work relates to Context Warehousing. Maybe this was lost on me because I don't have context (hah) about your writing - maybe you often write about async work and this was a continuation of that. Isn't lack of context also an issue with sync teams?
Blocking downvoting hides gamed/promoted comments, so it's a situation that moderators would generally prefer. It's definitely the reason Youtube did it; because it was ditching individual creators without professional production values and trying to promote corporate traditional broadcast content.

50 inauthentic upvotes for something no one likes, while hundreds of frustrated potential downvoters fume. Then someone puts up a reply designed to be upvoted as a proxy for the lack of ability to downvote the inauthentically boosted comment, and that reply is quickly deleted as trolling or a personal attack.

Showing the total number of views like Twitter does now is a positively-vibed kludge for people who hate the whiff of negativity, although all of Twitter's stats seem wonky as hell under new leadership. Still, a low upvote/view ratio can also represent indifference or people not believing they're qualified to comment on something, rather than being a great signal for disapproval.

So you can still game that pretty well by Gish Galloping with a ton of broad references (entire papers or books rather than passages from them or reasonable summaries), and lots of people will disqualify themselves from downvoting because they aren't going to click through to the papers, while others will upvote just because it looks like the commenter is making an effort.
Ok, but how does that change the argument?
How is firing yourself different from quitting?
Really depends on the car. There are cars with very little inertia, if you let go of the gas pedal quickly they will get quite jerky. In those, you really have to depress the clutch before completely letting go of the accelerator.
WinRar is from 1995
>no one is allowed to work full-time until >40

Your solution to a collapse in the supply of labor, is to further restrict the supply of labor?
Sadly, Exterminatus is indeed the only option sometimes.

May the Emperor bless their souls.
ABS relies on the fact that the computer knows how fast the wheels are turning in relation to each other. Wouldn't seem to be much of a leap to leverage that system to determine if the car is slowing down.
> Well it's there in the name, they add machine learning to Postgres

But they are not a publicly traded company so adding a keyword won't do much for the stock. It must be something more.
I'm only on my second set of brake pads on my TDI and you're right. However in most real driving situations, engaging the engine braking requires feathering the brake long enough to get it to downshift.

So while my brakes aren't on the whole time, they are on when I first make myself a problem that needs to be managed.
Dynaboard – Collaborative low-code IDE for developers
You definitely have a point there, looking at some of my previous work I was able to stick to projects for many months if I found the work interesting. I'll have to admit in the past 5 or so years any time I've tried to start a project there was always the thought in the back of my mind of 'will this benefit my career' or 'how can I make money on this in the future'. It seems having such thoughts adds additional anxiety to whenever I try and start to work on something for fun.

Looks like that is what I need to start looking for again, projects which I find interesting or fun to do in my spare time, without thinking about how it would affect my career or trying to find ways to monetize it.
> it is interesting that the core table in Saleforce is literally a collection of triples

This is... not entirely true. Most of the data for each "Object" in salesforce are stored in a series of columns on a single table. These are called "flex columns" in the official whitepaper describing the architecture. [0]

However, _foreign key relationships_ are indeed stored in a table that acts like a collection of triples. This is used in place of native foreign keys, and is indeed deeply integrated with the optimizer.

[0]: https://www.developerforce.com/media/ForcedotcomBookLibrary/...
I am sorry but I am not a believer in a16z anything after their massive crypto token scams and wealth extraction. We all need to move away from all these companies who continue to bloat in private and then have a big pay day as a public company.
It's worthwhile to begin trying to use AI for these purposes. The only way we get from here to there, is by using this tech in its early forms today, exploring with it, experimenting with it. Let's see what it can do, learn, adjust, push it further.

The 10x better version of it from the future doesn't just appear out of nowhere. We get there by step.
Changelog: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/#changes-older
> Why would corporations finance interstellar travel anyway? There's no profit in that.

If they won't, then nobody will. The most you'll get is a few state-prestige projects which fly around a tiny handful of people at most before they get bored and move on. This is probably the most realistic outcome but it doesn't make for much of a sci-fi story so it's better to take some liberties and assume that commercial exploitation of space flight might somehow be possible. Once you've accepted the possibility of space commerce for the sake of the story, you can pull publicly funded space travel into your story as well if you wish.

You could also use war as a justification, but the viability of the sort of interstellar war that involves spaceships of people flying around (rather than the use of long-range weapons of mass extermination) likely suggests the viability of interstellar trade or at least resource exploitation.
> A bit of a tangential point, but the problem with Ukrainian situation - is that Ukraine doesn’t fire back to where these rockets came from.

The lack of adequate deep strike weapons (and possibly political constraints on the use of some of what they have that is externally sourced) is a real problem for Ukraine, to be sure. Given how badly Russia has been underperforming for its on-paper advantages other areas, I’m tempted to say that the deep strike asymmetry is the main reason Russia is able to continue the war at all.

Ukraine has been using what they have to hit Black Sea Fleet ships and fairly deep bomber bases, but their capacity to do either is limited.

> Any engagement I can imagine involving NATO would not be constrained to such ridiculous, sad, and unfair asymmetry.

That is... something of an understatement, yes.
> The biggest enemy here are people who think that their criticism can be as rude, pedantic, or imperious as they want if the core point is valid. That might provide comparable results for the issue at hand, a) but human beings don't deserve to be treated like that, and b) it kills morale, which kills productivity, quality, retention, etc.

These types of people are so difficult to deal with and crop up in every community. The problem is that when you find a person like this in a position of power, particularly if you are new to the community, there is really not a lot you can do about it so you are either forced to a) tolerate their behavior (which will likely require setting some difficult boundaries) or b) leave. I just want to emphasize that leaving is not necessarily a sign of weakness. If the dynamics in the community are sufficiently toxic that this kind of behavior is tolerated -- or even worse, glorified -- there is very little you can do besides maybe giving an honest exit interview. But you need to have the self confidence to not let unreasonable personal attacks bring you down to the same level or make you feel as though you somehow deserve to be treated that way when you make mistakes, which we all do.
> At this point, there's a reasonable degree of convergence around the core abstractions you should start with in the cloud-native world, and an article written today on this would probably be fine a year from now. I doubt this is the case in AI.

It's a continuous process. It is way, way, way better than it was 8 years ago. Most of the frameworks can export models between each other/delta some layers, ONNX actually largely kinda works.
I give Mythbusters a pass because the padding is intentional entertainment (that I happen to enjoy, obviously).

I don't watch TC because the padding doesn't come across as entertaining to me; it feels like a lot more beating around the bush. There's a _lot_ of repetition.
My understanding is that HN exists without reference to reddit, other than to ask people not to compare it to reddit again.
It might, but it shouldn’t. There are 8 chapters and most of the content in the first 7 shows up in any run of the mill “Introduction to Higher Mathematics” or whatever that university decides to call their first actual math class, although occasionally combinatorics will replace number theory content.
You're not wrong but how much does not precisely knowing the wheel's radius change things?

The operator would also experience an incorrect speedometer. For the purposes of a brake light it'd be off (either lighting up too soon or too late) by some amount but I imagine it'd be "close enough" except for the most pathological cases of tire sizes.
While they have these cars in the shop for the theft related recall* they should update the computer to fix the brake lights too.

*I have no idea if this specific car is recalled.
You don't need to know the wheel radius, you just need to the rate of change of the wheels RPM. Then the brake light could be set to some conservative value where regardless of any realistic tire size/inflation scenario the brakes will activate at a reasonable deceleration.

In any case, with standard gas/brake pedals on ICEs, I can barely tap the brakes and have my brake lights turn on without any deceleration on my part, or I can do that and still be pressing the gas and so actually be accelerating with my brake lights on.
https://github.com/ellie/atuin
And likewise Putty from 1999
> The federal government subsidizes them.

Curious how does federal govt subsidize them?
Gorilla: Large Language Model connected with massive APIs
The diffing algorithm for preact is super simple, I think it's along the lines of a dozen lines of code. I'd wager the code to directly updating the DOM will be larger than preact + usage code