skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Autonomy Table Stakes: DoD’s Data Layer (2022)
The exams are taken in person, in proctored testing centers such as Prometric or PSI Services where you have to present government ID and you are recorded on video during the exam. So roughly the same threat model as in-person classes where you could hire a smart body double who looked enough like you to attend exams for you at an in-person university.
There is really just the US economy. We would not say that Pennsylvania is in recession but New York is not.

The major difference between states is tax rates. Labor, transacting, anything else economically is practically transparent and frictionless.
You'll be fine as long as you don't have an ulterior motive
Over a dozen scientists were arrested at various times in the past year, but three additional scientists were arrested and charged with treason this month after the failed attack. Using some critical thinking, we can see how this was a direct reaction to the failure of the Kinzhal missiles to impact targets.

Additionally, an open letter from the Russian scientific community was published strongly denouncing these arrests this month. The "media" isn't being misleading - they are reporting the events as they are happening.
I'm a pacifist, and generally side with law enforcement even through their fuckups, but someone deserved to hang over the Uvalde shitshow. Accidentally killing suspects who may or may not have been uppity is doing your job poorly, but leaving a bunch of defenseless kids locked in a labyrinth with a gunman is not doing your job at all.

Between coward cops and dissolute gunmen at school or work, it's never too late to learn how to build a proper barricade. Don't stack furniture in front of the door like in zombie movies; the door already serves the purpose of blocking-- instead, hunker down in a classroom/office and build a train of furniture extending from the door to the opposing wall sturdy enough that anybody trying to open it is pushing a column of furniture against a wall instead of shifting a pile of shitty MDF. Then get the hell away from line-of-sight of the door. Expect bullets fired through it in frustration.
I find it always a bit strange if somebody says that something “could have” a large impact. The only way to prove this wrong is to prove that it is logically or after all we know empirically impossible that large impact could arise.

Also this does not give much information until we talk about probabilities and the exact nature of the impact.

I read the article thoroughly, but the findings seem actually only about the fact that there will be an estimated 40% slowdown in circulation.
Per https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4638249/

80% of antibiotics produced in the US are funneled into agriculture.
Using ctags for this purpose is genius. Thanks for posting!
I have been the goat[0].

When I worked for a Japanese company, we were expected to voice objections and disagreements, during the deliberation process. However, after the decision was made, we were expected to close ranks, and fall in line.

I learned to do this.

I have found, when working with Americans, that voicing any objections (especially while being criminally old) would result in my being named a "negative naysayer," and all my input would be stricken from the record, and forevermore ignored.

Fun times.

[0] https://nighthawknews.files.wordpress.com/2016/10/tintin-des...
First tell me the minimum amount of time typing this would have to take for you to agree it's not worth it and I will try to keep adding things like the time it takes for someone to ask you to do this, for you to start VS Code, find the file, press ctrl-s, deploy the changes, and possibly some estimation of how long it takes a new developer to read and understand this system (please tell me how fast you speak and an agreeable value for how fast the average developer reads as well for this part) vs a simpler one until it goes over that limit.
I was lucky enough to take David Beazley's "Rafting Trip," a five-day training course that guides each student through building their own Raft implementation from scratch:

https://www.dabeaz.com/raft.html

I'd recommend the course to anyone with development experience working with or near distributed systems. David is a fantastic instructor and facilitator, and the blend of student backgrounds led to some great learning and discussion.

(I have no financial or personal interest here; I just loved the course.)
Then Birmingham City Council doesn't need to use those modules.

But they may have specific municipal / local / state / national rules to comply with in ways that commercial entities do not.

These differences imply customizations.
The situation with Nvidia right now if giving me flashbacks to Tesla a few years ago.
The tinfoil hat theory is this: Nuclear is expensive and takes forever to build. Right now there is a lot of effort and money pushing for renewable energy sources, and it has been immensely successful at proving its viability. Certain groups make a lot of money off fossil fuels, and even though they know that will eventually end, every year they can delay that end is billions in their pocket.

The push for "we shouldn't do renewables, because they can't do the job, so we should invest in nuclear" is about taking the wind out of renewable's sails. Even if we turn around today and start building a hundred nuclear plants all over the world, it will take decades for them to come online and start displacing fossil fuel energy production, meaning a long delay until fossil fuels stop putting billions into the pockets of certain people. They do this because even at the half assed effort we have now, renewable power generation is increasing by tens of terawatts per year in germany alone.

This is why the same people who DGAF about all the carbon we release into the atmosphere and all the pollution we dump into rivers suddenly "care" about "windmills kill birds", why conservative states like Florida, with ample sun, continue to push for laws that screw over home solar.

Nuclear is mostly carbon neutral energy, which is great, but if we wanted to solve climate change with nuclear energy, we needed to start building it in the 70s, when all the pushback happened. Unlike most other situations, the second best time to build nuclear is not today. Maybe it will be good to have it in the mix in the future, but we can't let it distract us from the renewable energy sources that have the potential to decarbonize our world before even the first new nuclear plant could come online.

It also might not even be cost competitive anyway.
> Justify the dev time

And this is exactly the sentiment that got us where we are.
Was just in the illusions museum in NYC that looks exactly the same, and lo and behold it's a franchiser - https://www.museumofillusions.com/. Wonder if Croatia has the most Museums of Illusion per capita in the world :-)
> enemy combatant

You’re thinking of the wrong war criminal. Enemy combatant was a designation invented by the Bush administration to avoid the requirement to treat War on Terror prisoners as would be appropriate to either soldiers or civilians. I don’t think the term existed in the Vietnam era but if it did it wouldn’t apply to NVA/VC forces operating out of Cambodian territory.
I've been very interested in this method for a while. How do you find the math that would solve them? Is it well-understood, or is it easy to figure out in practice? Would love to hear more about how this looks for you practically.
I'm told this is the foundation of Krav Maga.
Stealing time from future you also doesn’t pay off. Future you wants to take vacations and change jobs and have family events and sleep and stuff.

It doesn’t take much work to do the back of envelope math:

How long should these queries take? Less than two seconds?

How much slower do they get as record counts increase? 100ms every 250,000 records? Okay, so this will become intolerably slow when the record count hits about 5 million. When’s that going to happen? Never? Then we’re done here. Within a few months? Well let’s plan for that now. Within a few years? Maybe not within the lifetime of this system? Judgement call. Let’s put something in place that forces us to at least look back at this before it gets bad. Even if that’s just a google calendar reminder.
My guess is that most decent TACC implementations won't activate the brake lights when slowing for a car in front, unless that car cuts you off. Generally the deceleration should be slow enough that it falls under 'engine braking' levels and therefore unworthy of a brake light.
That's a very good point. I suspect that this has happened often.
The cliëent lib could be 2kb and the speed difference between first render vs server side render is less than 10ms. In fact the client side render version could be faster if the compiled output is larger than 2kb. Which then normally must be pushed from the server
My take is the opposite. Hacker News has turned increasingly away from Hackers and more towards Marketing. Understandably, some of us resent the apparent astrotufing of this site and react accordingly.
Many late 80s/very early 90s fuel injection vehicles have shockingly low numbers of electronic sensors also. MAP, O2, TPS, CPS is all you really need. Some of them are even analog.
How to Learn D3.js
I have seen some cars that have pulsing brake lights to indicate aggressive braking. Don’t know if this was aftermarket or not.
Don’t have anything to comment on the rest, but my understanding with respect to:

> I don't understand how Raft can scale writes or reads across multiple machines due to the round trip time talking to other nodes.

Is that at the point where that becomes a bottleneck you scale to multiple clusters, where the read/write destination cluster is determined by a key and whatever your preferred hashing mechanism is.
I doubt that having a "dictionary" attached to a math paper, something like

1. ∇ = nabla see https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Nabla.html

2. ...

3. ...

would improve your understanding. Notation encodes ideas, it is the understanding of the ideas that is tricky, not the encoding.
I already told you I don't want to talk about this here and now. It is not dumb but it is disrespectful to demand explanations from strangers, like I have time for this.
Ew. Any browser pulling that shit with me goes straight to the discard pile. I get that enough from websites; I should never have to see that from my own browser.

Really sad to see that from Firefox, though. I'd have expected it from Edge or even Chrome; suggests that Mozilla is getting desperate.
It is always better to hire someone that is "Good at making a process that achieves X" rather than a direct hire of "good at achieving X".
I just assume nothing is deleted when sent over an electronic medium. Makes life easier with that assumption.
If there were some quarantining procedure that would work, I guess everybody's life would improve. But AFAIK, any quarantine makes it spread.
> if it isn't very new science

it's pretty new "science." at least last 8 years or so
If you built a team that was good enough to build a custom ERP for your municipality, you’ve built an ERP company.

At that point you’d might as well compete with the likes of Oracle/SAP yourself, or the employees themselves will probably start their own startup to do so.
There is Kolmogorov complexity, which is (relative to a programming language) a measure of how easy a sequence is to produce algorithmically – i.e. what is the length of the shortest program which can produce the sequence. Most mathematicians believe that not all sequences can be produced algorithmically, so this leaves some sequence too complicated to have a finite Kolmogorov complexity. But you can go on to the infinite by adding oracles, and start assigning infinite ordinals to sequences, depending on how many oracles you need for a given sequence. If a program uses an oracle for the halting problem, say, you nominally add ω to its length.

All the repeating sequences have finite Kolmogorov complexity. So, if you want, you can say that the sequences with infinite Kolmogorov complexity have even lower repetitiousness than the ones we can produce algorithmically. And this will go on and on through the countable ordinals.
Lately, I've been investigating 'serverless' databases (PlanetScale, Turso) that charge based on the number of rows read/scanned.
As a result, instead of just relying on the perceived performance of a query, I've started monitoring the number of rows scanned, which has emphasized the importance of indexes to me.
Granted, the cost per rows read is minuscule (PlanetScale charges $1 per billion!), but it's still something I keep in mind.
Show HN: Private instances are the secret sauce for Unleash
Hi HN,

I want to share how important Private instances are for us, and how we build at Unleash. Hope you find this helpful and if you have any questions, ask away!

In case you don't know - Unleash is an open source, enterprise-ready feature management solution built with privacy in mind.

I would love to know your thoughts about this, and share your thoughts about Unleash or the way we build software. Questions about the setup are also welcome, if you would like to build something like this yourself!
Sure - but it's still the interesting part!

I'm sure some of key players know at least a little, but they don't seem inclined to share. In his Lex Fridman interview Sam Altam said something along the lines of "a LOT of knowledge went into designing GPT-4", and there's a time gap between GPT-3 (2020) and GPT-4 (2022) where it seems they spent a lot of time probably trying to understand it, among other things.

It seems the way values are looked up via query/key and added must constrain representations quite a bit, and comparing internal activations for closely related types of input might be one way to start to understand what's going on.

A high level understanding of what the model has learnt may be the last thing to fall, but understanding the internal representations would go a long way towards that.
It's a pattern for Hyundai/Kia. The whole thing with "no anti-theft immobilizers" is only where it's not mandated.
I find myself increasingly ignoring articles with 'could have' in the title.
Super Colliding Nix Stores: Nix Flakes for Millions of Developers
Boosts: Customize Any Website in Arc
+1. This book changed my life. Wouldn't be doing what I'm doing today without it!
I can be, but, really, why should I?

It would take about twenty seconds with Google, to come up with hundreds of examples. Some, better than others.
MRC Obtains DHS “anti-terror” documents labeling conservative groups as radical
HTML-builder APIs like this are a pretty bad idea, IMO.

They assume that HTML is a closed system with no new tags, and don't account for custom elements or new tags. It doesn't even have support for existing tags like <track>, <b>, or <i> (<i> is used by some systems now for icons). It doesn't appear to have a way to emit comments.

We have the ability to embed real HTML strings, with expressions, directly into JS, which means that the rendering library doesn't have to have any knowledge or opinion of what the tags are.

This is what Lit does with lit-html templates. The example in the Van readme would be:

const Hello = () => html`
<div>
<p>Hello</p>
<ul>
<li>World</li>
<li><a href="https://vanjs.org/">VanJS</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
`;

Such template strings can contain any HTML - any tag, comment, attribute, entities, SVG, etc.
I had fun reading that chapter too, and expanding/extending the language.

But it's worth noting that the code as published is an interpreter, not a compiler:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoc_(programming_language)
Simple example.

INTAKE_TABLE contains 100k records and each record has up to 8 names and addresses. The following SQL statements would perform the name de-duplication, new id assignment and normalization.

-- initialize
truncate table STAGING_NAMES_TABLE;

-- get unique names
insert /*+ APPEND PARALLEL(STAGING_NAMES_TABLE, 4) */ into
STAGING_NAMES_TABLE (name)
select /*+ PARALLEL(INTAKE_TABLE, 4) */ name1 from INTAKE_TABLE
union
select /*+ PARALLEL(INTAKE_TABLE, 4) */ name2 from INTAKE_TABLE
union
...
union
select /*+ PARALLEL(INTAKE_TABLE, 4) */ name8 from INTAKE_TABLE;

commit;

-- assign new name ids using the name_seq sequence number
insert /*+ APPEND */ into NAMES_TABLE (name, name_id)
select name, name_seq.NEXT_VAL from
(select name from STAGING_NAMES_TABLE
minus
select name from NAMES_TABLE);

commit;

-- normalize the names
insert /*+ APPEND PARALLEL(NORMALIZED_TABLE, 4) */ into NORMALIZED_TABLE (
rec_id,
name_id1,
name_id2,
...
name_id8 )
select /*+ PARALLEL(SNT, 4) */
int.rec_id rec_id,
nt1.name_id name_id1,
nt2.name_id name_id2,
...,
nt8.name_id name_id8
from
INTAKE_TABLE int,
NAMES_TABLE nt1,
NAMES_TABLE nt2,
...
NAMES_TABLE nt8
where
int.name1 = nt1.name and
int.name2 = nt2.name and
...
int.name8 = nt8.name;

commit;

The database can do sorting and de-duplication (i.e., the query UNION operation) much much faster than any application code. Even though the INTAKE_TABLE (100k records) are TABLE-SCANNED 8 times, the union query runs quite fast.

The new id generation does a set exclusion (i.e., the MINUS operation) and then generates new sequence numbers for each new unique name and adds the new records to the table.

The normalization (i.e., the name lookup) step joins the NAME_TABLE that now contains the new names and performs the name to id conversion with the join query.

Realizing that the UNION, MINUS and even nasty 8-way joins can be done by the database engine way faster than application code was eye-opening. I never feared table scans after that. Discovering that the reads (i.e., SELECTs) and writes (i.e., INSERTs) can be done in parallel with optimization hints such as the APPEND hint was a superpower.

Using patterns such a TRUNCATE TABLE (for staging tables) at the top of the SQL script made the scripts idempotent. i.e., we could trivially run the script again. The subsequent runs will not generate the new sequence numbers for the names. With some careful organization of the statements, this became rigorous.

Although I haven't shown here, we used to do the entire normalization process in staging tables and finally do a copy over to the main table using a final INSERT / SELECT statement.

My Oracle SQL-fu is a bit rusty. Apologies for any syntax errors.
Yeah! Hahah

I thought knowledge was free, and the Baltimore sun sucked anyways. They charge money and don’t even write hood stuff anymore. They laid off a bunch of people, and moved printing to Delaware. My bet is the next step is that they announce they are shutting down all Locust Point operations, and are selling out so that Kevin Plank can build some new buildings there.

I think I had to appeal my ban with a mod, and they mentioned how it’s posted all over by the auto bot that sharing links to websites that bypass paywalls are against their subreddit rules :(

I even tried an official proposal to r/Baltimore to reconsider and life that rule. The general consensus on the poll was that people felt that the Baltimore sun and the writers should be getting paid for their work, and I shouldn’t be bypassing their paywalls lol.
How difficult is it to create English to iptables?
I'm really excited for epub 3.3's audio book potential or rather read along with me. I have yet to see an example of how this can be implemented, but from the spec, it doesn't look too hard to support.
I think you're supposed to wait until after someone proves that they said it to claim that it was a joke. I'd add that Kissinger had a decent sense of humor that he did not mind using glibly.
I'm a bit of a film buff and I agree with you on the slow pace of older films being a problem. I'm not opposed to a slow film (Skinamarink has a glacial pace and is amazing), but I many films from the 70's will simply waste my time. When a character hears a noise and is about to go outside, I don't need to watch him put on his shoes. I especially don't need to watch him do up his laces. Before anyone argues realism, the screenwriter could write the scene where the character was already wearing his shoes. I've spent far too much of my life watching people in shag haircuts tying their shoes.

The further you go back in time, the worse it becomes. Watching films from the fifties, there's a recurring theme of

1) Protagonist decides he needs to speak to the president
2) Protagonist grabs his coat and goes outside
3) Protagonist drives to the airport
4) Protagonist boards a plane
5) Stock footage of an airplane taking off
6) Stock footage of an airplane in flight
7) Stock footage of an airplane landing
8) Protagonist disembarks
9) Protagonist hails a taxi
10) Protagonist enters taxi
11) Protagonist asks driver to take them to the President

Today, steps two through eleven would be replaced with an establishing shot of the white house. Some better directors managed to squeeze a bit of character development into one of these scenes, but most of them were just a perfunctory explanation of how travel works. It's just padding out the film like a student who procrastinated on a term paper.

Slow pans and long takes are important tools for a good director to heighten the mood and shouldn't be stricken from the cinematic vocabulary. The unfortunate truth is that most directors are merely average and when the mood is boredom, the last thing we should be doing is encouraging them to amplify it.
I'm inclined to agree that the vibe has shifted a bit. HN users have always shown a lot of hostility towards certain groups, like journalists, politicians and financiers. VCs, founders and tech executives were more often seen as part of the in-group. I think the explanation is simple: many HN users are tech employees, and they've had a rude awakening with recent layoffs as to who is the master and who the slave.
Show HN: Single Text File Blog
Have to say, I find the SQL/JSON support in Postgres (jsonb) is probably the single biggest killer feature IMO. I can't believe MS (still) doesn't have an implementation (their SQL to JSON functions suck exponentially by comparison).

Nice to see the continued advancement and progression all around.
>Each Bitcoin transaction consumes 1,173 kilowatt-hours

Seems like a bitcoin hit piece. The average cost to transfer bitcoin did spike to a 30USD recently but that's a lot less than the cost 1173kw hours of energy.

There are cheaper and more efficient proof-of-work cryptos out there but it doesn't mean we need to mispresent the energy impact and cost of bitcoin mining and transactions.
Yeah, you have to decide "does this really matter in the long term?" If not, let it go. If it does, do your best to explain why.

I'm a huge fan of good interfaces with shitty code inside. You can always improve the code inside if you got the interface right. If you got the interface wrong you'll need to rewrite anyway.
> Andrej Karpathy was one of the first to clearly explain (in 2017!) why the new AI wave really matters.

Geoff Hilton had been saying this well before 2017. I remember his talks at Google ~2013ish.
It happened at my own company so I thought the title would better illustrate the situation.
If you think the company sucks, you could say you "fired the company".