skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
So many to choose from! I'll stick to some small practical examples.

If you've got a queue of any form, you can throw Little's Law at it.

"the long-term average number L of customers in a stationary system is equal to the long-term average effective arrival rate λ multiplied by the average time W that a customer spends in the system. Expressed algebraically the law is L = λW"

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law

I frequently bring up the Secretary problem when talking to people about dating and job hunting:

(1) estimate the size of your candidate pool as N, (2) reject sqrt(N) candidates, (3) choose the first candidate that is better than all others.

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_problem
Previous discussion at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34339153 (4 months ago, 371 comments)
> How expensive is it?

I have never done it, but how expensive would depend on the amount of documentation/code the company has.

> How often should you update the "finetune"?

No idea, but maybe once a week if there were significant changes? It doesn't have to be fully up to date since GPT is good at predicting.

I'm also not sure if fine tuning is the best way to go. A possibly better/simpler approach might be using OpenAI "embeddings" API to build a vector database that you can search and compose a chatbot prompt from questions new hires have.
Show HN: A simple marketing handbook for startups
> I wonder whether there is good research on market design for goods like electricity that are:

Plenty.

E.g. a well argued defense of the current energy-only marginal pricing model: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4087528

Or something different?: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2019.02.010
Well- yes. Redistribution of wealth and fining US tech to level the playing field is the whole point of the EU
>Runs reasonably fast, on par with Go or Java.

Having to deal with weakself, no reference cycles, very limited closures, having to deal with Xcode, no integration with any other IDE because Apple Apples, debatable generics, SPM, debatable cross platform abilities, fucking Tasks and Actors, SwiftUI being locked to versions of Swift, extremely limited community, few high quality open source libraries for something that only performs as well as Java is quite the hard sell.

For that price, you could also get Kotlin which fixes most of Java's problems and provides access to all the JVM as well as Kotlin/Native, with top tier DSL abilities and a really well thought out stdlib, coroutines, reified funs and much more.
Thanks for sharing. What’s your take on elixir consuming an outstanding amount of memory per task in OP benchmark ?
> No Datacenter Deployment. The SOFTWARE is not licensed for datacenter deployment, except that blockchain processing in a datacenter is permitted.

It's this clause.
Thats exactly how it works, except you are paying ahead of time for a bundle of pages and then there is a cost to add more if you need them.

https://www.hp.com/us-en/printers/instant-ink/plans.html

You are paying $6 for 100 pages. Then you can add 10 pages for $1 (that amount changes based on the subscription).

We can argue that the program has some scummy aspects but if we are going to argue about this we should at least look up how it actually works here.
Physicists Make Matter Out of Light to Find Quantum Singularities
How are we doing this without uploading company proprietary to OpenAI to use however they want?
> Applying capability models to these executables will require OS support or containerization, but the overhead for memory and disk will be huge.

This is because most OSes use outdated security model where the app gets all privileges by default and poor users have to build containers to revoke them, that's why there is an overhead.

If the extension only has access to project files then all applications launched by it should inherit its restrictions.
The most vociferous "anti-trans" people tend to be left-leaning feminists, in my experience.
Nice! My first impressions were quite positive—the app scratches several itches I’ve had with HN’s UI—and I like the full feature set, so I bought the paid version. I hope that gives me the right to make one request: a native iPad version.
Problem is that it's not all-or-nothing. Lots of activities have failure modes that leave you severly disabled for the rest of your existence, even unable to do any of the standard suicide activities or even speak/write.

That's all worse than having another decade of a good life.

Or perhaps even a broken hip that never heals is not too great. Now you won't just get dementia, but you'll do so while you can't even go to the toilet yourself even on your clear days.
Language models are increasingly being deployed for general problem solving across a wide range of tasks, but are still confined to token-level, left-to-right decision-making processes during inference. This means they can fall short in tasks that require exploration, strategic lookahead, or where initial decisions play a pivotal role. To surmount these challenges, we introduce a new framework for language model inference, Tree of Thoughts (ToT), which generalizes over the popular Chain of Thought approach to prompting language models, and enables exploration over coherent units of text (thoughts) that serve as intermediate steps toward problem solving. ToT allows LMs to perform deliberate decision making by considering multiple different reasoning paths and self-evaluating choices to decide the next course of action, as well as looking ahead or backtracking when necessary to make global choices. Our experiments show that ToT significantly enhances language models' problem-solving abilities on three novel tasks requiring non-trivial planning or search: Game of 24, Creative Writing, and Mini Crosswords. For instance, in Game of 24, while GPT-4 with chain-of-thought prompting only solved 4% of tasks, our method achieved a success rate of 74%. Code repo with all prompts: this https URL.

https://github.com/ysymyth/tree-of-thought-llm
To be precise, the anaesthesia is part of the masking procedure, the placebo is a saline injection that was administered the same way as the ketamine (in practice the ketamine was simply diluted in a saline dose that is then given to the patient).

Of course, getting all those anaesthesia drugs into you could mess up the body chemistry in all sorts of ways that make the ketamine not work, but it is still very surprising that the net effect of this big cocktail of substances is that you get basically the same outcome regardless of treatment method.
Show HN: AIGardenPlanner – AI-driven personalized planting recommendations
Hello HN community, I'm excited to share a project that's been a labor of love for me

As an enthusiast in both tech and gardening, I often found it difficult to get the right guidance that would cater to my specific gardening conditions and personal preferences. Furthermore, living in a small country, localized gardening advice was hard to come by.

That's when I thought - why not use technology to solve this? Thus, AIGardenPlanner was born - an online tool leveraging AI to provide tailored gardening advice. It simplifies gardening decisions about what to plant, when, and where, regardless of your geographical location. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced gardener, it's designed to guide you towards a flourishing garden.

All you have to do is fill in a brief form about your gardening ambitions, preferences, and available space. The tool then generates a personalized plan suitable for your specific situation.

We've launched a free version that you can try out. However, for those interested in more detailed reports, we have a Pro version as well.

I believe this tool could be a great help for all gardening enthusiasts, and I'm eager to hear what the HN community thinks about it. Your feedback and suggestions will be invaluable in improving and growing this project.
DfT = Department for Transport in the UK.
The UN kind of does that
Interesting study. However, I would argue that the study introduces an additional confound (anesthesia) rather than removing a confound (in order to isolate the effectiveness of ketamine).
** lie
Its not like im a fan of the plan (i opted out and buy my own ink) but HP is right

Its super easy to be on a "heavy" plan, get 10 ink cartridges, then cancel the first month and use that ink for a year. This causes HP to lose profits. They are betting that people don't really print as much as they think they do, most people are overpaying for their plan, and a small amount are actually using it up.

Imagine if Netflix would let you KEEP your downloaded content after you stopped paying. Customers would pay for a month, download everything, cancel, then watch stuff throughout the year

HP essentially created an optional netflix-style ink cartridge plan. As long as you pay you get unlimited cartridges. The second you stop paying you lose it all. No one is forcing you to opt in, but I know a lot of people who like the style even if they understand they're overpaying
The whole discourse over this in the US is getting nuts as of late.

We justifiably get annoyed when uninformed lawmakers make sweeping laws without understanding the technical issues involved. It's frankly bizarre to have some 80 year old fossil who can barely understand using a cell phone be involved in something like deciding net neutrality or AI regulations.

We should be equally annoyed at the current trend of throwing medical issues into the public sphere. There's no reason whatsoever why random people like my mom whose education is in textile design and mostly watches cat videos all day should participate in the public drama of who should get what medical treatment when. We have professionals who specialize in medicine for a reason.
One thing I just realised it's worthwhile to show: the POSIX interfaces I mentioned above are just wrappers around message-passing.

For example, read() is a function implemented in an optional userspace library that's available for programs to link against. When invoked, it constructs and sends a message with the right parameters to the filesystem server, and awaits its response: https://github.com/codyd51/axle/blob/paging-demo/programs/su...
Without more details I assume you just want the source code and documentation. One could either clone the repositories [1] or just browse the CDN access to the docs and kernels. [2] The latest kernel is in the v6.x directory.

[1] - https://github.com/torvalds/linux

[2] - https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/
Supplement right before bed. This stuff is so individualized/your mileage may vary so need to try and see what works for you but I used to do a basic magnesium citrate supplement and now do a triple mag blend with glycinate, malate, taurate.
that peak (late 1960s) is where the youngest boomers started to have children while some of the silent generation still were. This [1] animated chart makes it even more clear. Just for comparison, Canada [2] is even more exaggerated

As to the generations - those are still just useful generalizations. As soon as you start digging into it, you start seeing all the edge cases.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_demographic_compositio...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canada_2023_Population_Py...
One curious thing I discovered a few months ago: you can sort of hack higher-order functions into JAX by defining “Pytree closures” which introspect on normal closures, and pull out the JAX tracer data from the closure environment (and put it back in, when tracing is required) —- and this works! You can pass these Pytree closures in and out of JIT boundaries, etc.

I believe JAX has a utility for this somewhere, can’t quite remember what this is called.

I typically think of JAX as quite restrictive — but I think the reality is that the only real limit on expressivity is that you can’t dynamically allocate inside of unbounded control flow (e.g. creating new allocations inside of a while loop).
What a doomer outlook. Living in one of the best places run by a brutal, genocidal autocracy isn't so bad you guys (assuming you're in the ingroup, stay in line, ignore meatfisted policy implications, etc.)!
A fairly in-depth explanation of one part of the system from a 1994 paper: https://secwww.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/Content/techdigest/pdf/...
> print longevity discussions

The biggest problem with inkjet is clogged nozzles from dried ink. The best solution is to flow through a bit of ink every now and again when the printer would otherwise be idle. The business model of expensive, vendor-locked ink maximally leverages this reality against the customer's interests to the detriment of print quality and nozzle longevity. So no, vendors don't use DRM to maximize longevity. Quite the opposite. Lol.
When you add telemetry to a fork of a thing that didn't previously have telemetry, you don't deserve the benefit of doubt. The original didn't need telemetry, so neither does your fork. Anybody who does this should be assumed malicious.

And telemetry for a fucking color theme? You've got shitting me. Whoever did this is a Grade-A scumbag. It didn't happen by accident and there is no possible benign motivation for it. I hope somebody has reported this to the FBI and other relevant authorities.
Moon Infrastructure: Unraveling the Future of Lunar Economy
>Ketamine is a life-saver

Anyone who talks in such terms shouldn't have their opinions on medicine listened to. There's a reason that medicine typically sticks to such terms as QALY (quality adjusted life year) and other such terms to produce the best outcomes in a resource constrained environment.

By your reasoning, many things are "life savers", but not every intervention is equal, is it?
I'm a little out of the loop as far as electric cars go so I'm using Teslas as a comparison.

If you don't have any special equipment in your house and need to charge your Tesla you get 2-3 miles of charge for every hour you charge it. In effect you're talking an overnight charge to get anywhere meaningful.[1]

If charging times were comparable to filling a tank with gas then yeah I can see how 1000km would be wasteful, but if for instance you wanted to take your electric car camping anywhere interesting, or even make real progress on a road trip, this range starts to make sense.

[1] https://www.tesla.com/support/charging
Global government is only the extension of local, national and regional government. The E.U. already is a kind of "international" government in that it creates de facto laws, rules and regulations that supersede the laws of its member states. Similar constructs (though not as advanced) exist i.e. in West and East Africa.

A global government is an entirely logical next step and could be a very valuable asset when dealing with truly global issues.
Confused by the "C#: We do not use languages that expect you to install a 20GB IDE just to compile a 'hello world'." note, the .NET SDK is ~200MB last I checked, and Visual Studio is not required to compile C#. Seems like the https://ki-lang.dev/dist/download/linux/x64/latest
build from Ki is ~40MB, so similarly sized.
For all the good it does....
The cost of setting up additional data centers in Europe and re-architecting your application with a different replication strategy is probably 10x-50x the fine. It would also take years and a sizable fraction of the engineering team to make it happen and there will be significant performance and reliability issues throughout the process. Easier to pay the fine and lobby for rules changes for a decade.
A lot of what is in this thread is excellent. I'm actually working on a fairly detailed HOWTO for creating a custom-fit onboarding program (send me an email and I'll send you a draft; I'll update here when it's ready for public consumption). Here are the key principles:

1. Know what you want the employee to do, and equip them to do it. (This covers things like shipping the laptop ahead of time, getting accounts set up, planning tasks for them when they start...)

2. Help the new employee feel supported. (Item #1 relates to this, but it's also things like welcoming them on their first day, assigning a buddy, giving them a tour of your company / application / industry, making their initial responsibilities clear...)

3. Have a plan for bringing them up to speed. They need to get to know the job itself, the company, the people, and that all takes time. Work sequencing is important in building a product. It's even more important when it comes to integrating a person into a complex network of activities and other people.

In all those items, the ability to put yourself in the new hire's shoes is essential. It's easy to forget how much you know about the job, the company, etc., that you end up giving them tasks that feel small, but that are daunting to them. That said, taking time with the new hire regularly over their first couple of weeks and building a good working relationship can help calibrate, and help smooth over any potential issues that come up from being miscalibrated.

Also, a couple posts I've written about onboarding might be helpful:

- https://www.cybadger.com/2022/07/02/a-tale-of-two-onboarding... is a reflection on two onboarding experiences I've personally had

- https://www.cybadger.com/2022/10/11/onboarding-gis-technicia... is creating a better onboarding experience for a non-developer role, but the principles are the same.
> Not to mention a shit-tonne of weapons were just dumped into one of the world's more corrupt countries, we don't really know where they will end up.

It's evident they end up killing Russians, we even get videos of it!.

> And that is assuming the reasonably optimistic outcomes where Russia avoids launching a volley of nukes east or west as a final "screw you all we're not going out alone".

You're telling me that the entire chair command, when faced with losing an external war to Ukraine is going to all the way down make the decision to launch and nuke and kill everyone last of themselves?.

I think thats unlikely to happen.
Ukraine turned to NATO because Russia had already invaded them, occupying Crimea and eastern parts of the country. That invasion was completely unjustified as well. It started with Russia getting a big mad Ukraine was acting like a sovereign nation and wanted to sign a free trade agreement with a functional economy instead of them.

Russia's problems are all of their own making. They had no need to invade Ukraine. They did so because Ukraine didn't want to be their puppet state like Belarus. The Russian government wants to treat former SSRs like they're still economic tributaries to Moscow.
I use Cloudflare Pages for small stuff and fly.io for more complicated stuff.

Both are incredibly well-made services :)
You can have plenty of tribalism and conflict between people under the same government.
https://twitter.com/TheBlokeAI is my usual go-to for new OSS models.

For research, I particularly like this website https://paperswithcode.com/
If there was a permission dialog with boxes I would gladly check or uncheck them because nowadays I need to write bash scripts, create separate users or build containers for every third-party app. Why doesn't OS include necessary tools?
Oh, I've never seen Phase IV! I love sci-fi from this era!
I think the headline just doesn't do enough work specifying how unlikely this is. The article otherwise seems to match.

We are "outside observers", correct? So black holes we see "might" (theoretically, in an unproven and maybe unprovable system of physics) be defects in spacetime.
>>> many from marginalized migrant communities

I scoured the article looking for any explanation of "marginalized" or any reason why this might be in some sense a contributing factor or relevant in any way and found (surprise surprise) nothing.

Do journalists even know how to type words like "migrant" and "immigrant" without reflexively attaching "marginalized"?
Not at all. Defects are typically just points of discontinuity or where a pattern breaks. These happen when something relatively continuous is forming but then the pattern breaks locally due to either global initial conditions or something unusual happening locally.

I think the term is probably borrowed from the theory of crystal lattices where defects are classified: dislocations, substitutions, and holes. As a crystal is forming, sometimes two contiguous regions can't come together in the same pattern because of initial conditions where the lattice won't line up right. These then form adjacent "grains". Alternatively, sometimes internal stresses result in a dislocation where a large section of crystal shifts along a line of symmetry. Or sometimes a stray impurity is hanging out and a crystal forms around it. Or holes happen where it's just like musical chairs as the crystal is forming and there's one too few atoms to go around.

In none of those cases is there some "purpose", and yet there is a clear local discontinuity in an otherwise large scale pattern. The terminology fits pretty well to the situation here I think, only they're speaking about topological phenomena.
You can't. Though if the company uses Github to host its repositories, it is very likely they already have access to all your code through Microsoft.

Another option might be to use OpenAI embeddings API and build your own vector database, though you still have to upload company text when calling this API.
Assisted death is not the same as ending your life. It's asking somebody else to end your life.

In the land of the free, nobody is stopping you from ending your own life.
The primary selling point of the battery discussed in the story is that it doesn't use certain "essential" minerals.
The article is clearly about political and legislative anti-trans machinations though, not TERFs at dinner parties or whatever. In that context it’s the right that is the issue.
I know what the war is. But my ancestors used to stay and fight against all odds for their land and country. That's why I am still where I am...
You imply in a capitalistic system that innovation stems from its own citizen? Especially in the melting pot of the world? Like, you would be hard-pressed to find a single innovation that doesn’t have emigrant names attached to it - the goddamn Manhattan project is jokingly called a Hungarian high school science fair project.

The US got out of WW2 with minimal casualties and a ton of riches, compared to a beaten down Europe/USSR. It’s not a fair comparison. For what it’s worth, the USSR indeed had very great education and have some excellent textbooks/papers as legacy.
> It can be a great help for suicidal patients or for getting traditional treatment started, but it’s not a singular solution to depression for most people.

Is there any singular solution to depression for most people?
One could argue that it seems strange to charge X for anything when free alternatives exist.

Ultimately, it is up to anyone to decide whether the "package looks pretty" and the proposed value seems worth it, or whether they want to keep on searching and/or try to build some GitHub repo.
WWIII is already in action. It's a cold war, but it's world. It's actual hypocrisy that it's OK to send guns (but not the best!) and not soldiers but whatever.
Pet peeve : wish "iOS" term was banned and use "iPhone only" instead.

-iPad user
In this case it's about topological defects[1], also known as topological solitons, which is explained rather well on SE here[2].

Mathematicians and physicists try to give words to concepts, they don't always map well. As Wikipedia puts it:

Topological solitons arise with ease when creating the crystalline semiconductors used in modern electronics, and in that context their effects are almost always deleterious. For this reason such crystal transitions are called topological defects. However, this mostly solid-state terminology distracts from the rich and intriguing mathematical properties of such boundary regions. Thus for most non-solid-state contexts the more positive and mathematically rich phrase "topological soliton" is preferable.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_defect

[2]: https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/285731/what-is-a...