skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> C has no complex data structures like hashes, trees, or linked lists, and should the programmer require them, they are expected to implement their own. This provides more granular control over the code, as the programmer can tweak the details of the implementation as needed for efficiency.

It's absolutely possible to roll your own data structures, even if the language provides its own implementations. Some use their own hash map instead of std::unordered_map/set in C++, and some use hash maps specialised for primitive types in Java (as the generic HashMap boxes).

(On the contrary: do people roll good implementations of data structures usually?)

> As explained in this Reddit thread, mouse lag is likely because the interrupt handler allocates memory that triggers garbage collection.

The Biscuit paper states "the longest single GC-related pause suffered by NGINX was 115 microseconds"; I'm not sure how well that generalises to other workloads, but (infrequent already) pauses would be hard to notice if that does generalise.
See, Americans grow up thinking that they are the best, and that socialism is there to rob you of your well earned pay. The irony in this is that capitalism instead is the root cause of all the dysfunction and more socialism, not less, would be the only solution to modern American problems.

The claim of greatness is obviously false; the failing of public infrastructure, healthcare and education is a common denominator of third world countries in my opinion, not of:

> Especially not when compared to the rest of the world, which is all poorer than us. Often much poorer.

Ever been to Switzerland? I wouldn't state it is poorer than the US. Not even the average EU country is.
Most HFTs are market makers, meaning they are willing to buy or sell any of the stuff they trade at any time. They provide the service of assuming risk that they don't really want. If some non-HFT participants show up to a limit order book, they could transact with each other, but it's more likely they will each transact with a market maker. Because of the way limit order books work, they cannot possibly receive worse prices due to the presence of the market maker's orders. If the best price each of them could receive was from the other's order, they would match with each other.

US markets don't work precisely this way for various reasons, but it seems like if the question is "What service, if any, are HFTs selling?" then the answer should be "They are willing to assume risk by taking the opposite side of your trade basically regardless or what your trade is" rather than a rant about US market structure.

"Trading in one market based on price information from another, such that the prices in the two places are in agreement with each other" is actually called out elsewhere in this comments section as a value-destroying activity that reduces liquidity and therefor at the margin causes less sophisticated traders to get worse prices.

If someone is regularly noticing things and adjusting their price in a tenth of a second, it seems likely they are engaged in some form of automated trading.
If you saying that Google books is a major factor/contributor in driving traffic to Google vs. other engines (ie. moat), I disagree. I doubt that this is a factor at all to the typical monetizable user.
Thanks for your reply.

I hit the CPU time limit a few months ago. I was paying for unbound and my account default was on. I guess I also hit the memory limit (128MB).

Perhaps we should reply on: https://community.cloudflare.com/t/long-running-webcrypto-ap... and https://community.cloudflare.com/t/options-for-password-hash.... Though I'm not sure if it will work, certain algorithms might take more than 128MB.
The truth about the most physically active generation
I'm in the camp that says the energy transition is already well underway and will be completed even without major breakthroughs in technology. Those are of course helpful but we can get there with what we have. It's not that hard. It's just a lot of work and organizing. But those are non technical challenges. And they are incentivized by huge economical benefits.

Even though we don't need them, there is actually an enormous amount of technical improvements in the research pipeline of course. Major breakthroughs in material science, energy efficiency, energy density, cost, etc. Failing to take that into account is what makes many predictions wrong. Some of that stuff is very close to market readiness. E.g, 500 wh/kg batteries are coming to market this year. Better ones might follow a few years later. That stuff will revolutionize aviation and and a few other things. Also, several Chinese cars are now shipping with sodium ion batteries (no lithium, no cobalt, or other precious metals). So, we now have a viable path to electrification that isn't bottle-necked on relatively expensive/rare metals.

Most of the progress in the energy transition is cost driven. Green technology is achieving a lot of things but the most important one is that it makes things that used to be really expensive, really cheap. And this is not over yet. There are still some orders of magnitude cost improvements coming our way. Any predictions assuming this isn't happening are basically off by orders of magnitude as well. They overestimate cost. They underestimate effect. Most importantly they under estimate the levels of investment that are unlocked by this. Which is speeding all this up.

Historians tend to be weak on their math and economic skills. That's why this one got his assumptions wrong. The rest is still informative but basically an intellectual sand castle.

He's in good company of course. Lots of people got their predictions wrong based on assumptions they were making that were simply wrong. There's still a lot of that going on. Some of it is intentional even. People in the fossil fuel industry for example have been downplaying a lot of this stuff because they need to delay the moment that they go out of business. There is a lot of lobbying related to expected timelines and predictions. The stakes are really high. But what it boils down to is that a lot of fossil fuel based energy generation is effectively obsolete right now.
There is a long-term goal to remove setup.py in favor of letting "a thousand flowers bloom".

In modern Python setups, the pyproject.toml contains an entry for the 'build-backend'. There is a fall-back to 'setuptools.build_meta:__legacy__' because a large number of projects still use setup.py.

PyPI recommends hatchling, as the example used in https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/packaging-p... ("You can choose from a number of backends; this tutorial uses Hatchling by default, but it will work identically with setuptools, Flit, PDM, and others that support the [project] table for metadata.")

These do not use setup.py.

I use setup.py because the new build backends don't seem to support C extensions all that well. My package also has Cython code, and some Python-based code generation for the C code.

Another package I know, RDKit, by default automatically downloads missing packages if not available. (These packages are provided as source from the respective authors.)

I think distribution people really don't want the build step to be able to run arbitrary code, but they face a long, up-hill battle.
I'm happy you've quit your former habits and I celebrate you.

Just so you know, the point of my post isn't to rip on people with low willpower or to brag about mine (which would be false valor anyway--there are reasons I had issues with alcohol and drugs to begin with). The thesis of my post is that the narrative is that you need a drug to get better.

Ozempic is supposed to be a treatment applied to people who are not yet overweight enough for bariatric surgery, yet it is being used ubiquitously. What does that tell you about the mind share differences between "you need a drug to get better" versus "you can just stop"?

The idea that another drug is your only way out is but a shadow on the wall of a cave, puppeteered by Big Pharma, people need to free themselves, escape outside and see the sun.

Additionally, my post was "flagged" which is a bit hilarious. I wonder what part of my post was hateful or otherwise below the standards of this forum. Unless you define hate as being critical of big pharma.
I wish HN had some minimum standard for information content in articles. This reads like a high school kid’s report from computer class.
> Determining which language was used to write any particular operating system can be challenging because every OS is written in a combination of multiple languages.

Don’t want to insult the author, but passages like these really trigger my ChatGPT detectors :) Am I alone?
Whilst you're here, when can we expect D1 to be distributed instead of a single instance, and when will D1's API to be stabilised?

Thanks :)

Edit: I just found https://blog.cloudflare.com/d1-turning-it-up-to-11/ so I'll read that first
You're taking these things too lightly. It's true that most of these things are unlikely to kill all humans directly, but with most of them, civilizational collapse is definitely on the table, and that can ultimately lead to human extinction.

For example: Yes, we could probably build livable habitats in space (though we don't really have proof of that). But how many, for how many people, and what kind of external support systems do they require? These questions put stresses on society that prevents space habitats from working out in the long term.
“PayPal forcing me to have a cellphone to access my account”
Use a Portal case with heatsink. You'll find some cases on amazon.
Webpage is flaky, here's a backup: https://web.archive.org/web/20230517105311/https://blog.jetb...
Probably because they're made by engineers and not designers. Just like OSes in the 90s.
I've never seen this license. It looks like it will be open source under the Apache license after 5 years though. That is, I can save the code now, and in 5 years I can do whatever I want with it (under the Apache license terms). When open-source isn't an option, then this is the next best thing.
$10/mo for unlimited searches would be great.
I recently subscribed to Kagi. So unlucky I don’t have the early adopters benefit. Kagi is a great product. But constantly having to think about my included amount of searches and making the the decision whether to use Kagi or a free search engine is making it kind of impractical to me. As long as there is the need to constantly switch between two search engines, I can no longer justify the high price for Kagi.
Closed Registration for a Small Web
Hah, I'll have to give this a read, I've got Wholeness and the Implicate Order on my reading shortlist.
I usually have a specific point that I want to make but I usually haven't yet figured out exactly how I want to get there. I'm not even sure it is even possible to conceive of writing without doing it word by word. [...] In my mind's eye, I can see the full length of the road and all of its contours but I can't actually describe the individual stretches of the road coherently without enumerating them.

Not to trivialise the interesting point you’re making, but do you never write with an outline? Write bullets for the big points you want to touch, then go back and flesh out the details?
I wonder how much they can gain from it. Suppose they push all 16 bit and 32 bit kernel mode code to microcode,basically building an interpreter inside the CPU. This would sacrifice performance but not compatibility. Probably today's design is already close.
I was curious and I have the browsing module for GPT4 so I tried to get it to name the top 3 cards, the following is what it came up with after like 10 minutes of back and forth and it browsing a lot of sites. I don't know if this is any good as I know nothing about the game. Do these cards even exist?

Talons of Lightning: This is a major power card with an energy cost of 6. It's a fast card with a range of 1 from Sacred Site. It targets any land and deals 4 damage. If you meet its threshold requirement (3 Air and 2 Fire), it deals +3 damage and destroys all Dahan 1 2 .
Tsunami: This is another major power card with an energy cost of 6. It's a slow card with a range of 2 from the ocean. It affects every coastal land in one board, dealing 6 damage to each. If you meet its threshold requirement (3 Water and 3 Earth), it deals +4 damage and adds 2 fear per land where it destroys any towns or cities 3 4 .
Blazing Renewal: A major power card with an energy cost of 5. It's a fast card with a range of 0, measured from any land. It targets any land, allows you to gather up to 2 of your destroyed presence, and deals 2 damage per presence gathered. If you meet its threshold requirement (4 Fire and 2 Earth), it deals +10 damage 5 6 .
I think it's more strange that the coincidence of some imperative prompts generating texts that looks like it's answering to it makes intelligent people think it's reasoning about the instructions and responding meaningfully to them instead of, you know, generating text as it was programmed to do.
Wow, reading this thread dispelled any doubt I might have had about the hedonistic treadmill.

Can you imagine having this conversation a year ago? And already there are pronouncements all over this thread that the current problems are 'intrinsic' to the approach. I'm not as readily convinced that the improvement is slowing down. Regularization is a powerful thing.
I just use CloudFront access logs stored in an S3 bucket. When needed I query through Athena, but eventually it'd be nice to get some kind of visual report generated as well.
I wish I went to your highschool then!
> Has AI ever caused anything to go extinct?

We know from human history that intelligence tends to cause extinctions.

AI just hasn't been around long enough, nor been intelligent enough yet.

Though, if you count corporations as artificial intelligences, as some suggest, then yes, AIs have in fact already contributed to extinctions.
Both monolith (mono aka single service) and microservice are the two extremes of the range of services. As extremes, they each have their own set of difficulties. Going from one to the other is not a panacea

When monolith is too big, the next step is to break it up but going all the way to microservices is still too extreme in my opinion.

Another way to think about services (mono, micro or otherwise) is to consider what one would do about a class that has grown too big with too many dependencies over time. One would most likely not jump to breaking it up into many single-method micro classes
Performance is already capped with network_mode: host. I'm not a network expert but veth seems a bit much for this? My setup is less convoluted.

I can WireGuard to my server and access my home network, meanwhile the torrent client data is all routed through a third party VPN.

If the third party VPN disconnects there is no data leak from the torrent client (basically a kill switch).
This by the same team who brought you the DORA metrics and the SPACE framework. I suspect it is really a vehicle to sell books and consulting, despite the article largely making sense.

Maybe it is atonement of some sort.
Yeah I agree, I was expecting an in-depth look at OS implementation in Go, not a high-school level report about mashing keywords together into a vaguely-coherent whole. Got nerd-sniped by the title I guess, there's no real substance in the article.

Feels like it's written by somebody who's never even looked at kernel code before tbh.
just a nitpick: none of what you list is software, it's all services (by 'git' i assume you mean git hosting, git itself is free)
So many companies are insisting on adding the extra vulnerability of sim-swapping.

I imagine on the aggregate level there might be less fraud? Or is it just the need to harvest more and more data? The way things are going, I wouldn't be surprised to see PayPal insist upon a mobile app install next.
Yes, you can write an OS in Go. Or Python, or Basic, or any other Turing-complete language for that matter. The language is not the problem, the real problem with creating new OSes is the fact that nobody really needs them, it's a solved problem. At least, for the forseable future until the hardware changes too much.
Feel free to hit the flag link. For individual user comments, flag means they broke some specific rule. But for articles it's fine to flag them just because they're terrible (as this article definitely is), like a super-downvote.
Garbaged up by the incessant "AS AN AI LANGUAGE MODEL" and other useless and repetitive apologies which filled much of the Eliza input space.

I wonder how much human life equivalents are lost in cost generating those tokens and in actual human time wasted reading them. ... is the real AI 'safety issue' performative faux-safety wasting everyone's time and degrading model performance? :)
what do people use other than pirate_bay or rarbg? Private torrents are too hard to get into.
There's two major production-ready Go-based operating system(-ish) projects:

- Google's gVisor[1] (a re-implementation of a significant subset of the Linux syscall ABI for isolation, also mentioned in the article).

- USBArmory's Tamago[2] (a single-threaded bare-metal Go runtime for SOCs).

Both of these are security-focused with a clear trade off: sacrifice some performance for memory safety and excellent readability (and auditability). I feel like that's the sweet spot for low-level Go - projects that need memory safety but would rather trade some performance for simplicity.

gVisor is a very fun project - they're really pushing the boundaries of what's possible in Go. Typical overhead is <10% thanks to a number of new features (systrap[3], directfs, in-process overlay...), all while maintaining a well-documented and super clean code base.

[1]: https://github.com/google/gvisor

[2]: https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago

[3]: https://gvisor.dev/blog/2023/04/28/systrap-release
I think Go would be much more suitable to OpenSearch rather than to an operating system?

And the title says “OS”, not “an OS”, leading me to think that OS was a proper noun. Is that so crazy?

Anyway, the title is a bit vague, writing “an operating system” would just be better for everybody.
The concept of jay walking was invented to permit victim blaming of people who once freely roamed among the carriages.
it depends on who you are writing software for.

Not every project is open source (this wasn’t originally) and even some open source projects aren’t intended to be used by people outside of a specific region.

Furthermore, if someone is writing a hobby project, particularly to learn to code, (again like this project was) then they should be allowed to code in their own language.
I'm very excited by the recent CADR revival, but the original MIT system does feel primitive compared to the later Symbolics releases.
We can make the task arbitrarily hard.

For instance, just extend the sequence length longer and longer. How low can you push down your perplexity? Bring in multi-modal data while you're at it. Sort the data chronologically to make the task harder, etc. etc.

The billion dollar idea is something akin to combining pre-training with the adversarial 'playing against yourself' that alphazero was able to use, ie. 'playing against yourself' in debates/intellectual conversation.
Biology, Buddhism, and AI: Care as the Driver of Intelligence (2022)
I lay in bed many a night as a young adult thinking about killing myself - and this is an accurate description of my experience. I liked life. I wanted to experience things in life. But the pain of not being able to experience all the things I wanted (social interaction, physical and emotional intimacy, meaningful career) plus the pain of many repeated failures to achieve these things meant that the reality I was forced to inhabit was extremely painful and escape felt like the only way out.

This was because I had undiagnosed severe anxiety and depression before finding medication that cured everything. Not a single though of offing myself in 12 year now.
It's not even about the car lobby. It's about individual vs. collective choice.

For an individual, it is better to have a car than to use public transit, but for society, it is worse that more public spending, resources and city design is geared towards accommodating more cars than public transit. However no one is going to sacrifice their personal well being via giving up their car.

The solution is to pay people not to buy cars.
I had a phantom issue of my PC not booting (black lit screen) unless cold for about 30 minutes that followed me across 2 different builds. I eventually - after going through every other component - figured out it was a bad SanDisk SSD that wasn't even a boot drive simply not responding to ATA commands and the MSI BIOS simply didn't have a timeout during early boot disk iteration. It was extra weird because that drive worked fine if it initialized correctly.

I have not bought a WD or SanDisk drive since, I'm still very pissed that I spent days debugging this issue, decided I needed to scrap the entire machine and then still had the issue. Who thinks of a bad drive as a reason you can't even boot into BIOS?!
When you build your own OS from scratch it's your prerogative to use it as you see fit :P

After all you're representing yourself, not society or even a community. It doesn't have to represent the whole breadth of society.

If the maker is interested in woman it's not a bad thing. If it had been made by a women perhaps she'd have used a Chippendale image?
Show HN: Ferdium – All your services in one place, built by the community
Have they been reading my diary?
Should we be blaming the developer or the guy who just bought his second >$500 million super-yacht ?
Archive of the original website of the distribution: [0]

This takes advantage of the UMSDOS filesystem driver [1]:

> All the Linux files will be installed in a normal FAT directory (usually c:\LINUX). This directory is then mounted by UMSDOS as the root linux directory. All the extra file attributes (long names, permissions) are stored in a separate file (--linux-.---) in the respective directory."

I remember using ZipSlack [2], a version of Slackware using UMSDOS that could fit on a Zip disk. It could also be booted from the Zip.

There was also DragonLinux [3] which used a loopback file system requiring only a single file containing the image of the native Linux file system.

[0] https://web.archive.org/web/19991128183359/http://winlinux.n...

[1] https://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/UMSDOS

[2] http://www.slackware.com/zipslack/

[3] https://web.archive.org/web/20010223172303/http://www.dragon...
Implementing complex numbers and FFT with just datatypes (no floats)
While that may be true, it’s generally not possible to use red locks to build a correct system is mutual exclusion is a strict requirement
Twice? Four times say others? I have kids. I can hardly read and enjoy a book once....
PodFetch: Sleek and Efficient Podcast Downloader
It's less ChatGPT detectors and more "boring high-school essay you've read too many of" detector, a style that ChatGPT certainly emulates very well when required -- a style of writing is so bland, so generic, and so lacking in any sort of voice and personality that I feel my personality draining away with every word I read. LLMs can do better -- if correctly prompted, they will happily write great essays, but the default mode seems to be this kind of soulless writing.

Maybe I exaggerate about the writing quality, but that's certainly the impression I get. The blog post right before this one is another guest post, and while I don't think this is happening on Jetbrains' blog, it really reminds me of the shady "reputation boost" agencies that charge money to put out press releases and articles with the author's name on it so they get to boast about being "in the media" and such.
The ones who are getting promotions. This is what Amazon does. Amazon is a great big dark machine that drains the life essence and squeezes money out of retailers, workers, employees, and even mother nature herself so it can pass along the savings to consumers. How else would a credit card with 5% cash back be possible?